Nickel has found increasing application in electronic,automobile manufacturing,plating,and metal industries and so on.Producing high quality metal powders to satisfy increasing demand for advanced materials is of very...Nickel has found increasing application in electronic,automobile manufacturing,plating,and metal industries and so on.Producing high quality metal powders to satisfy increasing demand for advanced materials is of very high importance.There are a few numbers of standard powder production techniques.An acidic leaching has been applied in present research.Sulfuric acid has been used to leach nickel wastes of plating industry.To produce nickel oxide powder furnaces with no protecting atmosphere and to produce pure nickel powder,tube furnace with hydrogen atmosphere has been applied.Variables performed in the research are time,density of sulfuric acid,and amount of hydrogen peroxide.To analyze powders produced,EDS element analysis and to determine size of powder particles,SEM has been applied.It was shown by the results that the highest amount of nickel dissolution in sulfuric acid(98%)has taken place during one hour and there is a direct relationship between hydrogen peroxide amount and nickel dissolution in sulfuric acid.展开更多
The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed t...The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed that ultrasonic treatment promotes the dehydration of H_(4)SiO_(4)colloids,thereby reducing their adsorption capacities for Ga and Ge complexes.Additionally,ultrasound enhances the dissolution of CaS in H_(2)SO_(4),increasing H_(2)S production,which aids in the reduction of Fe^(3+)and mitigates iron precipitate formation.Process parameters including ultrasonic power(0-450 W),temperature(100-120℃),and leaching time(30-120 min)were systematically optimized,achieving optimal leaching efficiencies of Ga and Ge at 95.7%and 94.5%,respectively.展开更多
The leaching process and kinetic behavior of lepidolite in hydrochloric acid were explored systematically.The influence of leaching conditions on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals in lepidolite was investigat...The leaching process and kinetic behavior of lepidolite in hydrochloric acid were explored systematically.The influence of leaching conditions on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals in lepidolite was investigated.Under optimized conditions,the leaching efficiencies of Li,K,Rb,Cs and Al are 92.02%,93.31%,88.59%,86.75%and 81.07%,respectively.Kinetics research results show that the leaching process conforms to the shrinking core model that is under the mixed control of chemical reaction and diffusion through the solid product layer.In addition,the contribution of solid product layer diffusion to the leaching gradually expands as the temperature rises,but it is still significantly less than the contribution of chemical reaction.Cost saving in the neutralizing agent and leaching processes makes hydrochloric acid an economical leaching agent for lepidolite.Finally,the Li2CO3 product with a purity of 99.89%was synthesized from the hydrochloric acid leachate.展开更多
The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we ...The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we systematically study the oxidation of LiFePO_(4)in the air and in the solution containing oxidants such as H_(2)O_(2)and the effect of oxidation on the leaching behaviors of LFP.In the air,O_(2)breaks down the LFP olivine structure at 550℃for 1 h by oxidizing Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ)in terms of converting LFP to Li_(3)Fe_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3).After that,Li is leached in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and is further recycled as Li_(3)PO_(4)with a Li recovery efficiency of 97.48%.Meanwhile,Fe is recovered as FePO_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3).Compared with H_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O_(2),the air oxidation saves H_(2)O_(2)but increases the leaching efficiency of Fe and H_(2)SO_(4)consumption.The discrepancy of Fe leaching efficiency can be attributed to the different leaching mechanisms involving the solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid-to-solid conversions.Furthermore,the results of the Everbatt model analysis show that the air roasting-H_(2)SO_(4)leaching method has low emission and potentially high income,which is simple and safe.Overall,this work will deepen the understanding of acid leaching of LFP and favorably stimulate the maturation of the LFP recycling technique.展开更多
The leaching process of magnesiothermic self-propagating product generated during the multistage deep reduction process was investigated.The influence of magnesiothermic self-propagating product particle size,HCl solu...The leaching process of magnesiothermic self-propagating product generated during the multistage deep reduction process was investigated.The influence of magnesiothermic self-propagating product particle size,HCl solution concentration,and leaching solution temperature on the leaching behavior of elements Al and V was investigated.Results demonstrate that the leaching rate of Al and V is increased with the rise in leaching solution temperature,the increase in HCl solution concentration,and the enlargement of magnesiothermic self-propagating product particle size.The leaching processes of Al and V are consistent with the chemical reaction control model.When the magnesiothermic self-propagation product with D_(50) of 59.4μm is selected as the raw material,the leaching temperature is 40℃,and 1 mol/L HCl solution is employed,after leaching for 180 min,the leaching rates of Al and V are 24.8%and 12.6%,respectively.The acid-leached product exhibits a porous structure with a specific surface area of 3.5633 m^(2)/g.展开更多
In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calc...In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.展开更多
Selenium distillation slag(SDS)is a high-value-added secondary resource with a high recovery value.This paper aims to investigate the leaching behavior and kinetics of selenium,tellurium,and copper in the SDS acid oxi...Selenium distillation slag(SDS)is a high-value-added secondary resource with a high recovery value.This paper aims to investigate the leaching behavior and kinetics of selenium,tellurium,and copper in the SDS acid oxidation leaching process with H_(2)SO_(4) and H_(2)O_(2).The experimental results showed that under the optimum conditions,the contents of selenium,tellurium,and copper in the SDS were reduced from 22.13 wt%,3.58 wt%,and 6.42 wt%to 3.06 wt%,0.27 wt%,and 0.33 wt%,respectively.Correspondingly,the recovery rates are 87.08%,97.15%and 99.7%.The leaching processes of selenium and tellurium were controlled by diffusion and chemical reactions,and the leaching behavior of copper was controlled by chemical reactions.Below 45℃,the activation energies for selenium,tellurium,and copper were found to be 26.47,62.18 and 19.67 kJ/mol,respectively.In addition,the contents of lead,silver and gold in the leaching residue are increased to 46.8 wt%,8.35 wt%and 0.27 wt%,respectively.These substances can be utilized as raw materials for the recovery of these valuable metals.Importantly,the entire process does not generate toxic or harmful waste,making it a green and environmentally friendly method for resource recovery.展开更多
A single-phase Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B powder was prepared from end-of-life(EOL)wind turbine magnets by a combination of hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap(HPMS)and selective leaching with citric acid.The impact of leaching...A single-phase Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B powder was prepared from end-of-life(EOL)wind turbine magnets by a combination of hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap(HPMS)and selective leaching with citric acid.The impact of leaching time on chemical composition,particle size and magnetic properties was investigated.Due to the low reduction potential of rare earth element(REE),the Nd-rich phase was preferentially leached.The use of an acid concentration of 0.5 mol/L,a solid to liquid ratio of 1/10 and a leaching time of 30 min was sufficient to leach the Nd-rich phase.Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the surface structure and chemistry of the leached Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B powder.It is revealed that the leaching process affects not only the Nd-rich phase but also the matrix grains,resulting in the formation of a predominant oxygen-rich amorphous reaction layer,25 nm thick.However,the oxygen content is reduced from 3500 to 2500 ppm and the magnetic saturation is increased by 8%.This method is a promising addition to the HPMS process,as the powder can be mixed with fresh,unoxidized grain boundary phase to produce recycled magnets with high remanence.展开更多
The demand for Ni and Co has surged due to the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle industry.Thus,developing efficient and eco-friendly metallurgical routes for extracting these metals has become imperative.This st...The demand for Ni and Co has surged due to the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle industry.Thus,developing efficient and eco-friendly metallurgical routes for extracting these metals has become imperative.This study introduces a sustainable and effective method for extracting Ni and Co from Ni–Co–Fe alloy powder obtained from limonitic laterite ores through selective reduction and magnetic separation.The leaching efficiency for Ni,Co,and Fe was 89.4%,94.8%,and 96.5%,respectively,under the following conditions for leaching:3 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),85℃,10 m L/g liquid–solid ratio,and 90 min leaching time.The incorporation of H_(2)O_(2)enhanced the leaching efficiency for Ni,Co,and Fe.The redox potential of the solution plays a crucial role in acid dissolution,and H_(2)O_(2)enhances Ni and Co dissolution.Phosphate precipitation facilitated the removal of Fe from the leachate,affording a 96.1%Fe removal ratio and 2.29%Ni loss.展开更多
The process mineralogy of kaolin associated quartz flotation concentrate was studied.The experimental results show that the content of SiO2 in the flotation concentrate is 99.66%,and the main impurity elements in the ...The process mineralogy of kaolin associated quartz flotation concentrate was studied.The experimental results show that the content of SiO2 in the flotation concentrate is 99.66%,and the main impurity elements in the concentrate are Al,Fe,K,and Na.The gangue minerals in the flotation concentrate are mainly mica and feldspar symbiosis with quartz in the form of connexion or mineral inclusion.By taking the flotation concentrate as the raw material,the experimental research on HF concentration,HCl concentration,HNO3 concentration,acid leaching temperature,acid leaching time,and the leaching liquid solid ratio of hot pressing acid leaching conditions was carried out.Finally,the factors affecting the quality of purified products were analyzed.Through the acid leaching experiment,it can be seen that hydrofluoric acid has a greater effect on Al and Fe elements,hydrochloric acid has a greater effect on Fe elements,and nitric acid concentration has a smaller effect on impurity elements(which can also be confirmed from the thermodynamic analysis);the acid leaching temperature,the acid leaching time,and the leaching liquid solid mass ratio are proportional to the acid leaching effect.The Al content decreases from 1304.73 to 214.10μg/g,and the aluminum removal rate is 86.12%.The Fe content decreases from 39.35 to 3.72μg/g,and the iron removal rate is 90.55%.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies show that at 220℃,the chemical reaction between quartz and gangue minerals and the leaching agent can be spontaneous in the direction of positive reaction,and gangue minerals and the leaching agent had priority reaction.The mixed acid leaching process accords with the diffusion control model,Ea is 15.16 kJ/mol,which can provide a theoretical guidance for the purification of quartz.展开更多
The leaching behavior of metals from a nickeliferous limonitic laterite ore was investigated by high pressure acid leaching process for the extraction of nickel and cobalt.The effects of sulfuric acid added,leaching t...The leaching behavior of metals from a nickeliferous limonitic laterite ore was investigated by high pressure acid leaching process for the extraction of nickel and cobalt.The effects of sulfuric acid added,leaching temperature,leaching time and liquid/solid（L/S） ratio on metals extraction were examined.More than 97% Ni,96% Co,93% Mn,95% Mg and less than 1% Fe are extracted under optimum conditions.Analysis of the high pressure acid leaching residue by chemical and XRD analysis indicates that the residual iron and sulfur are mainly present in phases of hematite and alunite,respectively.The high pressure leaching process provides a simple and efficient way for the high recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite ore,leaving residue as a suitable iron resource.展开更多
A method of activation roasting followed by acid leaching using titanium slag was introduced to prepare Ti-rich material. The effects of HaPO4 dosage, roasting temperature, and roasting time on TiO2 grade were investi...A method of activation roasting followed by acid leaching using titanium slag was introduced to prepare Ti-rich material. The effects of HaPO4 dosage, roasting temperature, and roasting time on TiO2 grade were investigated. A Ti-rich material containing 88.54% TiO2, 0.42% （CaO＋MgO） was obtained when finely ground titanium slag was roasted with 7.5% H3PO4 at 1000 ℃ for 2 h, followed by a two-stage leaching in boiling dilute sulfuric acid for 2 h. The XRD patterns show that the product is titanium dioxide with a rutile structure. Mechanism studies show that structures of anosovite solid solution and silicate minerals are destroyed in the roasting process. As a result, titanium components in titanium slag are transformed into TiO2 （futile） while impurities are transformed into acid-soluble phosphate and quartz.展开更多
The recovery of titanium with citric acid in sulfuric acid from red mud was put forward to strengthen acid leaching efficiency.The main factors on the recovery of titanium such as citric acid addition,sulfuric acid co...The recovery of titanium with citric acid in sulfuric acid from red mud was put forward to strengthen acid leaching efficiency.The main factors on the recovery of titanium such as citric acid addition,sulfuric acid concentration,leaching temperature,time and liquid-to-solid ratio were studied.The kinetics analysis of titanium leaching from red mud was deeply investigated.The results show that the citric acid could increase the recovery of titanium and decrease the consumption of sulfuric acid.The recovery of titanium was increased from 65% to 82% and the consumption of sulfuric acid was decreased by about 30% with using 5% citric acid.The dissolution of perovskite,brookite,and hematite in red mud could easily be dissolved using citric acid.The acid leaching process was controlled by internal diffusion of shrinking core model（SCM） and the correlation coefficient was above 0.98.The apparent rate constant was increased from 0.0012 to 0.0019 with 5% citric acid at 90 °C.The apparent activation energy of titanium leaching decreased from 39.77 k J/mol to 34.61 k J/mol with 5% citric acid.展开更多
The effects of oxidation-reduction treatment and mechanical activation on the hydrochloric acid leaching performance of Panxi ilmenite concentration were investigated.The results show that both of oxidation-reduction ...The effects of oxidation-reduction treatment and mechanical activation on the hydrochloric acid leaching performance of Panxi ilmenite concentration were investigated.The results show that both of oxidation-reduction treatment and mechanical activation significantly accelerate the extraction of Fe,Ca and Mg from Panxi ilmenite concentration;however,the CaO and MgO contents of the calcined residues obtained from oxidized-reduced ilmenite concentration are higher than the standard values required by chlorination process.The Ca and Mg in oxidized-reduced ilmenite concentration can be leached much faster after mechanical activation,yielding a synthetic rutile which meets the requirements of chlorination process containing 90.50% TiO2 and 1.37% total iron as well as combined CaO and MgO of 1.00%.The optimum oxidation and reduction conditions are as follows：oxidization at 900 ℃ in the presence of oxygen for 15 min and reduction at 750 ℃ by hydrogen for 30 min.展开更多
Zinc neutral leaching residue（ZNLR） from hydrometallurgical zinc smelting processing can be determined as hazardous intermediate containing considerable amounts of Cd and Zn which have great threats to the environme...Zinc neutral leaching residue（ZNLR） from hydrometallurgical zinc smelting processing can be determined as hazardous intermediate containing considerable amounts of Cd and Zn which have great threats to the environment. The ZNLR contained approximately 35.99% Zn, 15.93% Fe and 0.26% Cd, and Cd mainly existed as ferrites in the ZNLR in this research. Reductive acid leaching of ZNLR was investigated. The effects of hydrazine sulfate concentration, initial sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, duration and liquid-to-solid ratio on the extraction of Cd, Zn and Fe were examined. The extraction efficiencies of Cd, Zn and Fe reached 90.81%, 95.83% and 94.19%, respectively when the leaching parameters were fixed as follows： hydrazine sulfate concentration, 33.3 g/L; sulfuric acid concentration, 80 g/L; temperature, 95 °C; duration of leaching, 120 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 10 m L/g and agitation, 400 r/min. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses of the leaching residue confirmed that lead sulfate（Pb SO4） and hydrazinium zinc sulfate（（N2H5）2Zn（SO4）2） were the main phases remaining in the reductive leaching residue.展开更多
To analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of leaching process of converter slag, φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures rangi...To analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of leaching process of converter slag, φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures ranging from 60 to 200 ℃ was obtained by recently published critically assessed standard Gibbs energies and activity coefficients of various species. When pH2, stable regions of V3＋, VO2＋ and VO2＋ exist in the stable region of TiO2. The pH values of stable regions of vanadium and titanium decrease and redox potentials become more positive with the temperature increasing. Vanadium and titanium could be separated by one-step leaching based on thermodynamics. The experiment results of pressure acid leaching of converter slag show that leaching rates of vanadium and titanium are 96.87% and 8.76% respectively, at 140 ℃ of temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen partial pressure, 0.055-0.075mm of particle size, 15：1 of liquid to solid ratio, 120 min of leaching time, 500 r/min of stirring speed and 200 g/L of initial acid concentration. Vanadium and titanium could be selectively separated in the pressure acid leaching process, and the experiment result is in agreement with thermodynamic calculation result.展开更多
For the low-grade gibbsitic bauxite,the leaching rate of alumina is very low during the Bayer process.The acid leaching method is attracting more attention,and the hydrochloric acid leaching was developed rapidly.The ...For the low-grade gibbsitic bauxite,the leaching rate of alumina is very low during the Bayer process.The acid leaching method is attracting more attention,and the hydrochloric acid leaching was developed rapidly.The mineral composition and chemical composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and semi-quantitative analysis.The thermodynamics of leaching process was analyzed.The results show that the major minerals in the bauxite are gibbsite,secondly goethite and quartz,anatase and so on.The acid leaching reactions of the bauxite would be thermodynamically easy and completed.Under the conditions that ore granularity is less than-55 μm,the L/S ratio is 100：7,and the leaching temperature is 373-383 K,the leaching time is 120 min and the concentration of HCl is 10%,both the leaching rates of Al and Fe are over 95%.The main composition of leaching slag is SiO2 which is easy for comprehensive utilization.展开更多
The leaching processes of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution were investigated with respect to the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size. A particle siz...The leaching processes of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution were investigated with respect to the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size. A particle size of 75？80 μm was required to leach 99.8%cobalt and 91.97%zinc at 70 °C for 20 min when the sulfuric acid concentration was 100 g/L and the ratio of liquid to solid was 50？1 （mL/g）. The leaching kinetics of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution system conformed well to the shrinking core model, and the dissolution rates of cobalt and zinc were found to be controlled by diffusion through a porous product layer. The apparent activation energy values of cobalt and zinc reaction were calculated to be 11.6931 kJ/mol and 6.6894 kJ/mol, respectively, according to the Arrhenius formula equation. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate-controlling step.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to find a method for rapid determi-nation of Cd in squil a. [Method] Cd in squil a was determined by mixed acid leach-ing-flame atomic absorption method by digesting samples with H...[Objective] This study was conducted to find a method for rapid determi-nation of Cd in squil a. [Method] Cd in squil a was determined by mixed acid leach-ing-flame atomic absorption method by digesting samples with HNO3-HSO4 （5：1） and determining Cd in the samples by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. [Results] The Cd contents in squil a were 1.0-2.0 mg/kg, and the recoveries of Cd were 86%-109%, and the relative standard deviations were 0-6%. [Conclusion] The method is simple and rapid with strong operability, good reproducibility and high ac-curacy.展开更多
To extract molybdenum and nickel from the roasted Ni-Mo ore, a process of hydrochloric acid leaching, sulphation roasting and water leaching was investigated. The results showed that this process could get a high leac...To extract molybdenum and nickel from the roasted Ni-Mo ore, a process of hydrochloric acid leaching, sulphation roasting and water leaching was investigated. The results showed that this process could get a high leaching rate of Mo and Ni. Under the optimum conditions of hydrochloric acid leaching （roasted Ni-Mo ore leached with 0.219 mL/g hydrochloric acid addition at 65 ℃ for 30 min with a L/S ratio of 3 mL/g）, sulphation roasting （51.9% sulfiaric acid addition, roasting temperature 240 ℃ for 1 h）, followed by leaching with the first stage hydrochloric acid leaching solution at 95 ℃ for 2 h, the leaching rates of Mo and Ni reached 95.8% and 91.3%, respectively.展开更多
文摘Nickel has found increasing application in electronic,automobile manufacturing,plating,and metal industries and so on.Producing high quality metal powders to satisfy increasing demand for advanced materials is of very high importance.There are a few numbers of standard powder production techniques.An acidic leaching has been applied in present research.Sulfuric acid has been used to leach nickel wastes of plating industry.To produce nickel oxide powder furnaces with no protecting atmosphere and to produce pure nickel powder,tube furnace with hydrogen atmosphere has been applied.Variables performed in the research are time,density of sulfuric acid,and amount of hydrogen peroxide.To analyze powders produced,EDS element analysis and to determine size of powder particles,SEM has been applied.It was shown by the results that the highest amount of nickel dissolution in sulfuric acid(98%)has taken place during one hour and there is a direct relationship between hydrogen peroxide amount and nickel dissolution in sulfuric acid.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204392,52274385,52204347)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China(No.2022QNRC001)。
文摘The leaching mechanism of gallium(Ga)and germanium(Ge)from zinc powder replacement residue(ZPRR)was investigated through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid leaching.Characterization via XRD,SEM,XPS,and FT-IR revealed that ultrasonic treatment promotes the dehydration of H_(4)SiO_(4)colloids,thereby reducing their adsorption capacities for Ga and Ge complexes.Additionally,ultrasound enhances the dissolution of CaS in H_(2)SO_(4),increasing H_(2)S production,which aids in the reduction of Fe^(3+)and mitigates iron precipitate formation.Process parameters including ultrasonic power(0-450 W),temperature(100-120℃),and leaching time(30-120 min)were systematically optimized,achieving optimal leaching efficiencies of Ga and Ge at 95.7%and 94.5%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122407)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2022YF2906200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2022RC3048)。
文摘The leaching process and kinetic behavior of lepidolite in hydrochloric acid were explored systematically.The influence of leaching conditions on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals in lepidolite was investigated.Under optimized conditions,the leaching efficiencies of Li,K,Rb,Cs and Al are 92.02%,93.31%,88.59%,86.75%and 81.07%,respectively.Kinetics research results show that the leaching process conforms to the shrinking core model that is under the mixed control of chemical reaction and diffusion through the solid product layer.In addition,the contribution of solid product layer diffusion to the leaching gradually expands as the temperature rises,but it is still significantly less than the contribution of chemical reaction.Cost saving in the neutralizing agent and leaching processes makes hydrochloric acid an economical leaching agent for lepidolite.Finally,the Li2CO3 product with a purity of 99.89%was synthesized from the hydrochloric acid leachate.
基金supported by the Chilwee Group(No.CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0214)the Starting Funding from Wuhan University.
文摘The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we systematically study the oxidation of LiFePO_(4)in the air and in the solution containing oxidants such as H_(2)O_(2)and the effect of oxidation on the leaching behaviors of LFP.In the air,O_(2)breaks down the LFP olivine structure at 550℃for 1 h by oxidizing Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ)in terms of converting LFP to Li_(3)Fe_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3).After that,Li is leached in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and is further recycled as Li_(3)PO_(4)with a Li recovery efficiency of 97.48%.Meanwhile,Fe is recovered as FePO_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3).Compared with H_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O_(2),the air oxidation saves H_(2)O_(2)but increases the leaching efficiency of Fe and H_(2)SO_(4)consumption.The discrepancy of Fe leaching efficiency can be attributed to the different leaching mechanisms involving the solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid-to-solid conversions.Furthermore,the results of the Everbatt model analysis show that the air roasting-H_(2)SO_(4)leaching method has low emission and potentially high income,which is simple and safe.Overall,this work will deepen the understanding of acid leaching of LFP and favorably stimulate the maturation of the LFP recycling technique.
基金Scientific and Technological Project of Nanyang(23KJGG017)Key Specialized Research&Development and Promotion Project(Scientific and Technological Project)of Henan Province(232102221022)+1 种基金College Students and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Nanyang Institute of Technology(2023139)Project of Doctoral Scientific Research Startup Fund of Nanyang Institute of Technology(NGBJ-2023-25)。
文摘The leaching process of magnesiothermic self-propagating product generated during the multistage deep reduction process was investigated.The influence of magnesiothermic self-propagating product particle size,HCl solution concentration,and leaching solution temperature on the leaching behavior of elements Al and V was investigated.Results demonstrate that the leaching rate of Al and V is increased with the rise in leaching solution temperature,the increase in HCl solution concentration,and the enlargement of magnesiothermic self-propagating product particle size.The leaching processes of Al and V are consistent with the chemical reaction control model.When the magnesiothermic self-propagation product with D_(50) of 59.4μm is selected as the raw material,the leaching temperature is 40℃,and 1 mol/L HCl solution is employed,after leaching for 180 min,the leaching rates of Al and V are 24.8%and 12.6%,respectively.The acid-leached product exhibits a porous structure with a specific surface area of 3.5633 m^(2)/g.
基金Projects(52174269,52374293)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022RC1123)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘In this study,a synergistic sulfidation-acid leaching process was proposed to recover valuable metals from gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume.The equilibrium phase composition of the sulfidation reaction and calculations of the thermodynamic stability region show that 89.36%Zn,>99%Pb and>99%Cu of gypsum residue and zinc-containing fume can be sulfured to ZnS,PbS and Cu 2 S,under sufficient sulfur partial pressure,low oxygen partial pressure and 400-1000℃.Sulfidation roasting experiments show that the sulfidation rate of Cu,Pb and Zn reach 81.43%,88.25% and 92.31%,respectively,under the roasting conditions of material mass ratio of 30 g:10 g,carbon dosage of 3.75 g,roasting temperature of 800℃ for 3 h.E−pH plots show that ZnS,PbS and Cu_(2)S can be enriched in the leaching residue,under leaching conditions at 25℃,pH<4 and-0.4 V<φ(E)<0.04 V.The leaching experiments showed that the sulfide is retained in the leaching residue,while the leaching rates of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1.94%,2.05% and 1.51%,respectively,under the conditions of 25℃,C_(HCl) of 0.5 mol/L,L/S of 5 mL/g,stirring rate of 300 r/min,and stirring time of 30 min.This study provides a new approach for the synergistic disposal of gypsum residue and zinc containing fume.
基金Project(2022YFC2904900) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(U1902221) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Selenium distillation slag(SDS)is a high-value-added secondary resource with a high recovery value.This paper aims to investigate the leaching behavior and kinetics of selenium,tellurium,and copper in the SDS acid oxidation leaching process with H_(2)SO_(4) and H_(2)O_(2).The experimental results showed that under the optimum conditions,the contents of selenium,tellurium,and copper in the SDS were reduced from 22.13 wt%,3.58 wt%,and 6.42 wt%to 3.06 wt%,0.27 wt%,and 0.33 wt%,respectively.Correspondingly,the recovery rates are 87.08%,97.15%and 99.7%.The leaching processes of selenium and tellurium were controlled by diffusion and chemical reactions,and the leaching behavior of copper was controlled by chemical reactions.Below 45℃,the activation energies for selenium,tellurium,and copper were found to be 26.47,62.18 and 19.67 kJ/mol,respectively.In addition,the contents of lead,silver and gold in the leaching residue are increased to 46.8 wt%,8.35 wt%and 0.27 wt%,respectively.These substances can be utilized as raw materials for the recovery of these valuable metals.Importantly,the entire process does not generate toxic or harmful waste,making it a green and environmentally friendly method for resource recovery.
基金Project supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research as part of the program"FH-Kooperativ"the European Commission under the Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program(101058598)。
文摘A single-phase Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B powder was prepared from end-of-life(EOL)wind turbine magnets by a combination of hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap(HPMS)and selective leaching with citric acid.The impact of leaching time on chemical composition,particle size and magnetic properties was investigated.Due to the low reduction potential of rare earth element(REE),the Nd-rich phase was preferentially leached.The use of an acid concentration of 0.5 mol/L,a solid to liquid ratio of 1/10 and a leaching time of 30 min was sufficient to leach the Nd-rich phase.Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the surface structure and chemistry of the leached Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B powder.It is revealed that the leaching process affects not only the Nd-rich phase but also the matrix grains,resulting in the formation of a predominant oxygen-rich amorphous reaction layer,25 nm thick.However,the oxygen content is reduced from 3500 to 2500 ppm and the magnetic saturation is increased by 8%.This method is a promising addition to the HPMS process,as the powder can be mixed with fresh,unoxidized grain boundary phase to produce recycled magnets with high remanence.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174288 and 51804346)。
文摘The demand for Ni and Co has surged due to the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle industry.Thus,developing efficient and eco-friendly metallurgical routes for extracting these metals has become imperative.This study introduces a sustainable and effective method for extracting Ni and Co from Ni–Co–Fe alloy powder obtained from limonitic laterite ores through selective reduction and magnetic separation.The leaching efficiency for Ni,Co,and Fe was 89.4%,94.8%,and 96.5%,respectively,under the following conditions for leaching:3 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),85℃,10 m L/g liquid–solid ratio,and 90 min leaching time.The incorporation of H_(2)O_(2)enhanced the leaching efficiency for Ni,Co,and Fe.The redox potential of the solution plays a crucial role in acid dissolution,and H_(2)O_(2)enhances Ni and Co dissolution.Phosphate precipitation facilitated the removal of Fe from the leachate,affording a 96.1%Fe removal ratio and 2.29%Ni loss.
文摘The process mineralogy of kaolin associated quartz flotation concentrate was studied.The experimental results show that the content of SiO2 in the flotation concentrate is 99.66%,and the main impurity elements in the concentrate are Al,Fe,K,and Na.The gangue minerals in the flotation concentrate are mainly mica and feldspar symbiosis with quartz in the form of connexion or mineral inclusion.By taking the flotation concentrate as the raw material,the experimental research on HF concentration,HCl concentration,HNO3 concentration,acid leaching temperature,acid leaching time,and the leaching liquid solid ratio of hot pressing acid leaching conditions was carried out.Finally,the factors affecting the quality of purified products were analyzed.Through the acid leaching experiment,it can be seen that hydrofluoric acid has a greater effect on Al and Fe elements,hydrochloric acid has a greater effect on Fe elements,and nitric acid concentration has a smaller effect on impurity elements(which can also be confirmed from the thermodynamic analysis);the acid leaching temperature,the acid leaching time,and the leaching liquid solid mass ratio are proportional to the acid leaching effect.The Al content decreases from 1304.73 to 214.10μg/g,and the aluminum removal rate is 86.12%.The Fe content decreases from 39.35 to 3.72μg/g,and the iron removal rate is 90.55%.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies show that at 220℃,the chemical reaction between quartz and gangue minerals and the leaching agent can be spontaneous in the direction of positive reaction,and gangue minerals and the leaching agent had priority reaction.The mixed acid leaching process accords with the diffusion control model,Ea is 15.16 kJ/mol,which can provide a theoretical guidance for the purification of quartz.
文摘The leaching behavior of metals from a nickeliferous limonitic laterite ore was investigated by high pressure acid leaching process for the extraction of nickel and cobalt.The effects of sulfuric acid added,leaching temperature,leaching time and liquid/solid（L/S） ratio on metals extraction were examined.More than 97% Ni,96% Co,93% Mn,95% Mg and less than 1% Fe are extracted under optimum conditions.Analysis of the high pressure acid leaching residue by chemical and XRD analysis indicates that the residual iron and sulfur are mainly present in phases of hematite and alunite,respectively.The high pressure leaching process provides a simple and efficient way for the high recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite ore,leaving residue as a suitable iron resource.
基金Project(NCET-10-0834) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘A method of activation roasting followed by acid leaching using titanium slag was introduced to prepare Ti-rich material. The effects of HaPO4 dosage, roasting temperature, and roasting time on TiO2 grade were investigated. A Ti-rich material containing 88.54% TiO2, 0.42% （CaO＋MgO） was obtained when finely ground titanium slag was roasted with 7.5% H3PO4 at 1000 ℃ for 2 h, followed by a two-stage leaching in boiling dilute sulfuric acid for 2 h. The XRD patterns show that the product is titanium dioxide with a rutile structure. Mechanism studies show that structures of anosovite solid solution and silicate minerals are destroyed in the roasting process. As a result, titanium components in titanium slag are transformed into TiO2 （futile） while impurities are transformed into acid-soluble phosphate and quartz.
基金Project(B2014-012)supported by the Doctoral Foundation from Henan Polytechnic University,China
文摘The recovery of titanium with citric acid in sulfuric acid from red mud was put forward to strengthen acid leaching efficiency.The main factors on the recovery of titanium such as citric acid addition,sulfuric acid concentration,leaching temperature,time and liquid-to-solid ratio were studied.The kinetics analysis of titanium leaching from red mud was deeply investigated.The results show that the citric acid could increase the recovery of titanium and decrease the consumption of sulfuric acid.The recovery of titanium was increased from 65% to 82% and the consumption of sulfuric acid was decreased by about 30% with using 5% citric acid.The dissolution of perovskite,brookite,and hematite in red mud could easily be dissolved using citric acid.The acid leaching process was controlled by internal diffusion of shrinking core model（SCM） and the correlation coefficient was above 0.98.The apparent rate constant was increased from 0.0012 to 0.0019 with 5% citric acid at 90 °C.The apparent activation energy of titanium leaching decreased from 39.77 k J/mol to 34.61 k J/mol with 5% citric acid.
基金Project(2009FJ3082)supported by Research Project of Science and Technology in Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2007CB613606)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The effects of oxidation-reduction treatment and mechanical activation on the hydrochloric acid leaching performance of Panxi ilmenite concentration were investigated.The results show that both of oxidation-reduction treatment and mechanical activation significantly accelerate the extraction of Fe,Ca and Mg from Panxi ilmenite concentration;however,the CaO and MgO contents of the calcined residues obtained from oxidized-reduced ilmenite concentration are higher than the standard values required by chlorination process.The Ca and Mg in oxidized-reduced ilmenite concentration can be leached much faster after mechanical activation,yielding a synthetic rutile which meets the requirements of chlorination process containing 90.50% TiO2 and 1.37% total iron as well as combined CaO and MgO of 1.00%.The optimum oxidation and reduction conditions are as follows：oxidization at 900 ℃ in the presence of oxygen for 15 min and reduction at 750 ℃ by hydrogen for 30 min.
基金Project(2012FJ1010)supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology of Hunan ProvinceChina+2 种基金Project(51474247)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012GS430201)supported by the Science and Technology Program for Public WellbeingChina
文摘Zinc neutral leaching residue（ZNLR） from hydrometallurgical zinc smelting processing can be determined as hazardous intermediate containing considerable amounts of Cd and Zn which have great threats to the environment. The ZNLR contained approximately 35.99% Zn, 15.93% Fe and 0.26% Cd, and Cd mainly existed as ferrites in the ZNLR in this research. Reductive acid leaching of ZNLR was investigated. The effects of hydrazine sulfate concentration, initial sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, duration and liquid-to-solid ratio on the extraction of Cd, Zn and Fe were examined. The extraction efficiencies of Cd, Zn and Fe reached 90.81%, 95.83% and 94.19%, respectively when the leaching parameters were fixed as follows： hydrazine sulfate concentration, 33.3 g/L; sulfuric acid concentration, 80 g/L; temperature, 95 °C; duration of leaching, 120 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 10 m L/g and agitation, 400 r/min. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses of the leaching residue confirmed that lead sulfate（Pb SO4） and hydrazinium zinc sulfate（（N2H5）2Zn（SO4）2） were the main phases remaining in the reductive leaching residue.
基金Project(2007CB613504)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51004033,50974035,51074047)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008BAB34B01)supported by National Science and Technology Support Plan of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan
文摘To analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of leaching process of converter slag, φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures ranging from 60 to 200 ℃ was obtained by recently published critically assessed standard Gibbs energies and activity coefficients of various species. When pH2, stable regions of V3＋, VO2＋ and VO2＋ exist in the stable region of TiO2. The pH values of stable regions of vanadium and titanium decrease and redox potentials become more positive with the temperature increasing. Vanadium and titanium could be separated by one-step leaching based on thermodynamics. The experiment results of pressure acid leaching of converter slag show that leaching rates of vanadium and titanium are 96.87% and 8.76% respectively, at 140 ℃ of temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen partial pressure, 0.055-0.075mm of particle size, 15：1 of liquid to solid ratio, 120 min of leaching time, 500 r/min of stirring speed and 200 g/L of initial acid concentration. Vanadium and titanium could be selectively separated in the pressure acid leaching process, and the experiment result is in agreement with thermodynamic calculation result.
基金Projects(50974035,51074047,51004033) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008BAB34B01) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period+1 种基金Project (N100302005) supported by the National Higher-education Institution General Research and Development Funding,ChinaProject (2010AA03A405) supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘For the low-grade gibbsitic bauxite,the leaching rate of alumina is very low during the Bayer process.The acid leaching method is attracting more attention,and the hydrochloric acid leaching was developed rapidly.The mineral composition and chemical composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and semi-quantitative analysis.The thermodynamics of leaching process was analyzed.The results show that the major minerals in the bauxite are gibbsite,secondly goethite and quartz,anatase and so on.The acid leaching reactions of the bauxite would be thermodynamically easy and completed.Under the conditions that ore granularity is less than-55 μm,the L/S ratio is 100：7,and the leaching temperature is 373-383 K,the leaching time is 120 min and the concentration of HCl is 10%,both the leaching rates of Al and Fe are over 95%.The main composition of leaching slag is SiO2 which is easy for comprehensive utilization.
基金Project(51072233)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The leaching processes of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution were investigated with respect to the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size. A particle size of 75？80 μm was required to leach 99.8%cobalt and 91.97%zinc at 70 °C for 20 min when the sulfuric acid concentration was 100 g/L and the ratio of liquid to solid was 50？1 （mL/g）. The leaching kinetics of zinc plant purification residue in sulfuric acid solution system conformed well to the shrinking core model, and the dissolution rates of cobalt and zinc were found to be controlled by diffusion through a porous product layer. The apparent activation energy values of cobalt and zinc reaction were calculated to be 11.6931 kJ/mol and 6.6894 kJ/mol, respectively, according to the Arrhenius formula equation. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate-controlling step.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(2015C32001)Special Fund for Research Institutes from Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2016F30021)Natural Science Foundation of China(21407127)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to find a method for rapid determi-nation of Cd in squil a. [Method] Cd in squil a was determined by mixed acid leach-ing-flame atomic absorption method by digesting samples with HNO3-HSO4 （5：1） and determining Cd in the samples by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. [Results] The Cd contents in squil a were 1.0-2.0 mg/kg, and the recoveries of Cd were 86%-109%, and the relative standard deviations were 0-6%. [Conclusion] The method is simple and rapid with strong operability, good reproducibility and high ac-curacy.
基金Project(51104186)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2016zzts282,2016zzts283)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China
文摘To extract molybdenum and nickel from the roasted Ni-Mo ore, a process of hydrochloric acid leaching, sulphation roasting and water leaching was investigated. The results showed that this process could get a high leaching rate of Mo and Ni. Under the optimum conditions of hydrochloric acid leaching （roasted Ni-Mo ore leached with 0.219 mL/g hydrochloric acid addition at 65 ℃ for 30 min with a L/S ratio of 3 mL/g）, sulphation roasting （51.9% sulfiaric acid addition, roasting temperature 240 ℃ for 1 h）, followed by leaching with the first stage hydrochloric acid leaching solution at 95 ℃ for 2 h, the leaching rates of Mo and Ni reached 95.8% and 91.3%, respectively.
