Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE) are secondary lipid peroxidation products in edible oils, which are cytotoxic and genotoxic. They could covalently bind with protein, phospholipids...Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE) are secondary lipid peroxidation products in edible oils, which are cytotoxic and genotoxic. They could covalently bind with protein, phospholipids and DNA, further disrupting the normal function of liver, lung and brain.Derivation process was generally conducted during pretreatment before detection and quantification of 4-HHE and 4-HNE. However, the derivation procedures were time consuming and chemical degradation may occur during the process. Hence, this paper aims to establish a simple solid phase extractionhigh performance liquid chromatography(SPE-HPLC) method to determine the 4-HHE and 4-HNE contents in thermally treated soybean oil. C18 solid phase extraction was applied in the pretreatment process. Firstly, the reliability of the method was evaluated. Good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1–0.5 μg/m L and 0.5–10 μg/m L for 4-HHE and 4-HNE. The limit of detection(LOD) of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0.0486 and 0.0129 μg/m L, respectively. And the limit of quantitation(LOQ) of4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0.1458 and 0.0431 μg/m L, respectively. Recovery rate were in the range of89.11%–91.58% and 71.83%–79.40% for 4-HHE and 4-HNE, respectively. The method achieved the extraction, purification and detection of 4-HHE and 4-HNE simultaneously and had the advantages of simple operation, effectiveness, high precision, good repeatability. Then, the method was applied to monitor the concentrations of 4-HHE and 4-HNE in soybean oil heated at 180 °C for 40 h. The contents of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0–0.32 μg/g and 0–6.97 μg/g, respectively, which provided guidance for evaluating health risks of thermally treated soybean oil during heating.展开更多
It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydrox...It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.展开更多
(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1...(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L^-1 product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L^-14-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.展开更多
Degradation of oxidized or oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the cellular antioxidant defense system. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major reactive aldehyde formed by lipid peroxidation, causes many ...Degradation of oxidized or oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the cellular antioxidant defense system. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major reactive aldehyde formed by lipid peroxidation, causes many types of cellular damage. HNE-modified proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or the lysosomal pathway. However, our previous studies using U937 cells showed that HNE-modified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is degraded by cathepsin G. In the present study, we examined whether GAPDH in U937 cells treated with HNE in culture is degraded similarly to that incubated with HNE and U937 cell extract. Treatment with HNE for 10 min in culture decreased GAPDH activity in a concentration dependent manner, but did not affect GAPDH degradation. The proteasome activities were not affected by HNE, but culturing with HNE decreased cathepsin G activity and protein level in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that HNE-induced oxidative stress leads to decreased cathepsin G activity and results in the loss of GAPDH degradation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cathepsin G has an important role in the degradation of oxidatively modified GAPDH in U937 cells.展开更多
AIM: Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis,where oxidative stress is thought to play a key role. 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is generated...AIM: Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis,where oxidative stress is thought to play a key role. 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is generated endogenously during the process of lipid peroxidation, and has been accepted as a mediator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of HNE on the activation of signal transduction pathways and cellular functions in PSCs.METHODS: PSCs were isolated from the pancreas of male Wistar rats after perfusion with collagenase P, and used in their culture-activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype unless otherwise stated. PSCs were treated with physiologically relevant and non-cytotoxic concentrations (up to 5 μmol/L) of HNE. Activation of transcription factors was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase assay.Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases was assessed by Western blotting using anti-phosphospecific antibodies. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Production of type Ⅰ collagen and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The effect of HNE on the transformation of freshly isolated PSCs in culture was also assessed.RESULTS: HNE activated activator protein-1, but not nuclear factor KB. In addition, HNE activated three classes of MAP kinases: extrcellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAP kinase. HNE increased type I collagen production through the activation of p38 MAP kinase and c-jun N-terminal kinase. HNE did not alter the proliferation,or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. HNE did not initiate the transformation of freshly isolated PSCs to myofibroblast-like phenotype.CONCLUSION: Spedflc activation of these signal transduction pathways and altered cell functions such as collagen production by HNE may play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disorders.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471668)。
文摘Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE) are secondary lipid peroxidation products in edible oils, which are cytotoxic and genotoxic. They could covalently bind with protein, phospholipids and DNA, further disrupting the normal function of liver, lung and brain.Derivation process was generally conducted during pretreatment before detection and quantification of 4-HHE and 4-HNE. However, the derivation procedures were time consuming and chemical degradation may occur during the process. Hence, this paper aims to establish a simple solid phase extractionhigh performance liquid chromatography(SPE-HPLC) method to determine the 4-HHE and 4-HNE contents in thermally treated soybean oil. C18 solid phase extraction was applied in the pretreatment process. Firstly, the reliability of the method was evaluated. Good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1–0.5 μg/m L and 0.5–10 μg/m L for 4-HHE and 4-HNE. The limit of detection(LOD) of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0.0486 and 0.0129 μg/m L, respectively. And the limit of quantitation(LOQ) of4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0.1458 and 0.0431 μg/m L, respectively. Recovery rate were in the range of89.11%–91.58% and 71.83%–79.40% for 4-HHE and 4-HNE, respectively. The method achieved the extraction, purification and detection of 4-HHE and 4-HNE simultaneously and had the advantages of simple operation, effectiveness, high precision, good repeatability. Then, the method was applied to monitor the concentrations of 4-HHE and 4-HNE in soybean oil heated at 180 °C for 40 h. The contents of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were 0–0.32 μg/g and 0–6.97 μg/g, respectively, which provided guidance for evaluating health risks of thermally treated soybean oil during heating.
文摘It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.
基金Financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[21676120,31872891]+8 种基金the 111 Project[111-2-06]the Highend Foreign Experts Recruitment Program[G20190010083]the Program for Advanced Talents within Six Industries of Jiangsu Province[2015-NY007]the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionalsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[JUSRP51504]the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsTop-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Jiangsu Province“Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Industrial Fermentation”Industry Development Programthe National First-Class Discipline Program of Light Industry Technology and Engineering[LITE2018-09]。
文摘(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L^-1 product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L^-14-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.
文摘Degradation of oxidized or oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the cellular antioxidant defense system. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major reactive aldehyde formed by lipid peroxidation, causes many types of cellular damage. HNE-modified proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or the lysosomal pathway. However, our previous studies using U937 cells showed that HNE-modified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is degraded by cathepsin G. In the present study, we examined whether GAPDH in U937 cells treated with HNE in culture is degraded similarly to that incubated with HNE and U937 cell extract. Treatment with HNE for 10 min in culture decreased GAPDH activity in a concentration dependent manner, but did not affect GAPDH degradation. The proteasome activities were not affected by HNE, but culturing with HNE decreased cathepsin G activity and protein level in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that HNE-induced oxidative stress leads to decreased cathepsin G activity and results in the loss of GAPDH degradation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cathepsin G has an important role in the degradation of oxidatively modified GAPDH in U937 cells.
基金Supported by Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(to A.M.),by Pancreas Research Foundation of Japan(to A.M.),and by the Kanae Foundation for Life and Socio-Medical Science(to A.M.)
文摘AIM: Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis,where oxidative stress is thought to play a key role. 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is generated endogenously during the process of lipid peroxidation, and has been accepted as a mediator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of HNE on the activation of signal transduction pathways and cellular functions in PSCs.METHODS: PSCs were isolated from the pancreas of male Wistar rats after perfusion with collagenase P, and used in their culture-activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype unless otherwise stated. PSCs were treated with physiologically relevant and non-cytotoxic concentrations (up to 5 μmol/L) of HNE. Activation of transcription factors was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase assay.Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases was assessed by Western blotting using anti-phosphospecific antibodies. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Production of type Ⅰ collagen and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The effect of HNE on the transformation of freshly isolated PSCs in culture was also assessed.RESULTS: HNE activated activator protein-1, but not nuclear factor KB. In addition, HNE activated three classes of MAP kinases: extrcellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAP kinase. HNE increased type I collagen production through the activation of p38 MAP kinase and c-jun N-terminal kinase. HNE did not alter the proliferation,or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. HNE did not initiate the transformation of freshly isolated PSCs to myofibroblast-like phenotype.CONCLUSION: Spedflc activation of these signal transduction pathways and altered cell functions such as collagen production by HNE may play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disorders.
文摘目的探究枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharides,LBP)调控核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2 related factor 2,Nrf2)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)通路对缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)诱导的心肌细胞铁死亡的影响。方法设置对照组、模型组及LBP低、中、高剂量(25、50、100 mg/L)组和LBP(100mg/L)+Nrf2抑制剂ML385(5μmol/L)组。构建H9c2细胞H/R模型,并给予相应药物处理。采用CCK-8检测细胞活力;采用TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡;采用试剂盒检测细胞Fe^(2+)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性;采用二氢乙锭(dihydroethidium,DHE)荧光探针检测细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;采用透射电镜观察细胞线粒体形态;采用Western blotting检测转铁蛋白受体1(transferrin receptor 1,Tf R1)、二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter 1,DMT1)、铁蛋白重链1(ferritin heavy chain 1,FTH1)、酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4,ACSL4)、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Kelch like ECH associated protein1,Keap1)、Nrf2、血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)、溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)、GPX4蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组细胞活力显著降低(P<0.001),Fe^(2+)、MDA、ROS水平和LDH活性显著升高(P<0.001),GSH水平和SOD、CAT活性显著降低(P<0.001),线粒体缩短、膜密度增高且嵴数量减少,TfR1、Nrf2、HO-1、SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.001),DMT1、FTH1、ACSL4、Keap1蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.001)。与模型组比较,LBP组细胞活力显著升高(P<0.01),Fe^(2+)、MDA、ROS水平和LDH活性显著降低(P<0.05、0.01、0.001),GSH水平和SOD、CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05、0.01、0.001),线粒体形态较为规则,TfR1、Nrf2、HO-1、SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01、0.001),DMT1、FTH1、ACSL4、Keap1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05、0.01、0.001);而ML385能够抑制枸杞多糖对细胞铁死亡的改善作用(P<0.05、0.01、0.001)。结论枸杞多糖可能通过激活Nrf2/GPX4通路改善H/R诱导的心肌细胞铁死亡。
