In vehicle dynamics, there are wide applications concerning the simulation of vehicles on roads. These simulation applications relate to vehicle driving, ride comfort and durability. An accurate prediction of simulati...In vehicle dynamics, there are wide applications concerning the simulation of vehicles on roads. These simulation applications relate to vehicle driving, ride comfort and durability. An accurate prediction of simulation results requires reliability and efficiency of road representations. The MATLAB graphical user interface module, called MATLAB GUI, is used to develop virtual simulation laboratories that allow the user to interact with a computer program using graphical objects. In this context, the aim of this article is to use the MATLAB OpenCRG suite of tools and the MATLAB GUI to develop a virtual environment for simulating a 3D road profile. A three-dimensional model of a pothole with variable parameters is developed and integrated into the 3D road profile.展开更多
Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the im...Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the improvement of the measurement speed.A double CCD compensation technology is used to improve the measurement precision. An easy and effective calibration method of the least squares to fit the parameter of system structure is used to get the relative coordinate relationship of objects and images of light section in the directions of height and axis. Sensor scanning segment by segment and layer by layer makes the measurement range expand greatly.展开更多
Compared with the traditional scanning confocal microscopy, the effect of various factors on characteristic in multi-beam parallel confocal system is discussed, the error factors in multi-beam parallel confocal system...Compared with the traditional scanning confocal microscopy, the effect of various factors on characteristic in multi-beam parallel confocal system is discussed, the error factors in multi-beam parallel confocal system are analyzed. The factors influencing the characteristics of the multi-beam parallel confocal system are discussed. The construction and working principle of the non-scanning 3D detecting system is introduced, and some experiment results prove the effect of various factors on the detecting system.展开更多
Open pit mining operations generate significant spoil dumps that need to be characterised for stability to identify potentially unstable slopes.However,the current subjective practice for spoil characterisation often ...Open pit mining operations generate significant spoil dumps that need to be characterised for stability to identify potentially unstable slopes.However,the current subjective practice for spoil characterisation often involves tedious and risky field work.To this end,this study demonstrated the use of periodically acquired unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based images over a coal mine spoil dump in New South Wales,Australia.A granular approach that captures the variability of each truck offload pile on a dump was adopted through morphology-based segmentation and ensemble algorithm-based classification which consolidates predictions from multiple classifiers.Overall accuracy of over 90% in the material characterisation based on the classification framework was achieved.The two-dimensional classification outcome was then transformed into three-dimensional(3D)block models using a point-based interpolation approach for stability analysis.The factor of safety derived from the granular approach offered improved assessment of failure risk compared to the conventional approaches,which treat the entire dump as a uniform category.This rapid classification and assessment method proposed in this study will help reduce the uncertainty associated with the variability of spoil dumps in slope stability assessments,thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of mining operations.展开更多
Arc erosion studies are conducted on AgSnO2 contact materials at different stages in the break operation. A resistive load arrangement is used with up to 42 V DC at 24 A and a constant contact opening velocity. The ar...Arc erosion studies are conducted on AgSnO2 contact materials at different stages in the break operation. A resistive load arrangement is used with up to 42 V DC at 24 A and a constant contact opening velocity. The arc current is terminated at different stages as the arc is drawn between the contacts enabling a study of the arcing phenomena up to that point. Surface profiling of the contacts is conducted to determine the extent of erosion at the different stages as the arc is drawn. Spectral analysis is also conducted on the arc and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that particular features occur at different stages as the arc is drawn. As the arc is initially established, it goes through an ＂Arc Generation＂ regime where the arc roots are small and immobile on both the anode and the cathode. Material transfer occurs mainly from anode to cathode. The spectral analysis indicates that Sn and O species dominate the arc followed by the Ag species. As the arc is drawn further and enters the ＂Arc Degeneration＂ regime, the anode undergoes significantly larger erosion than the cathode. Also, both contacts indicate that multiple arc roots have formed, which are highly mobile in the later stages of the discharge. The spectral analysis indicates that Ag and N species are in high concentrations compared to other species. The mechanisms of erosion and deposition are discussed in relation to the species within the arc discharge. For the complete break operation, it is found that the anode undergoes major erosion, and it is thought that the gaseous ions species do not dominate the arc under these conditions of short arcs and voltage 〈42 V to cause cathode erosion.展开更多
Objective Focusing on the problem such as slow scanning speed, complex system design and low light efficiency, a new parallel confocal 3D profile detecting method based on optical fiber technology, which realizes whol...Objective Focusing on the problem such as slow scanning speed, complex system design and low light efficiency, a new parallel confocal 3D profile detecting method based on optical fiber technology, which realizes whole-field confocal detecting, is proposed. Methods The optical fiber plate generates an 2D point light source array, which splits one light beam into N2 subbeams and act the role of pinholes as point source and point detecting to filter the stray light and reflect light. By introducing the construction and working principle of the multi-beam 3D detecting system, the feasibility is investigated. Results Experiment result indicates that the optical fiber technology is applicable in parallel confocal detecting. Conclusion The equipment needn't mechanical rotation. The measuring parameters that influence the detecting can easily be adapted to satisfy different requirments of measurement. Compared with the conventional confocal method, the parallel confocal detecting system using optical fiber plate is simple in the mechanism, the measuring field is larger and the speed is faster.展开更多
The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES)model,adopts the classical semi-im...The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES)model,adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian(SISL)time integration algorithm.This paper describes a major upgrade to the dynamical core of the CMA global forecast system(CMA-GFS),which was successfully incorporated into operation in 2020.In the upgrade,the classical SISL is further developed into a predictor–corrector scheme,a three-dimensional(3D)reference profile instead of the original isothermal reference profile is applied when implementing the semi-implicit algorithm,and a hybrid terrain-following vertical coordinate system is also applied.The new version of the dynamical core greatly improves the model performance,the time integration reaches second-order accuracy,the time step can be extended by 50%,and the efficiency is greatly improved(by approximately 30%).Atmospheric circulation simulation is systematically improved,and deviations in temperature,wind,and humidity are reduced.The new version of the dynamical core provides a solid foundation for further development of the entire operational system of the CMA.展开更多
Integrating lithium metal anodes with polymer electrolytes is a promising technology for the next generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.As the progress is often hindered by the dendrite growth upon cyc...Integrating lithium metal anodes with polymer electrolytes is a promising technology for the next generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.As the progress is often hindered by the dendrite growth upon cycling,quantifying three-dimensional(3D)microstructures of dendrites in polymer electrolytes is essential to better understanding of dendrite formation for the development of mitigation strategies.Techniques for 3D quantification and visualization of dendrites,especially those with low Li contents,are rather limited.This study reports quantitative measurements of the spatial distribution of Li dendrites grown in solid polymer electrolytes using 3D tomographic neutron depth profiling(NDP)with improved spatial resolution,compositional range,and data presentation.Data reveal heterogeneous distribution of Li over length scales from tens nanometers to centimeters.While most dendrites grow from the plating toward the stripping electrode with dwindling Li quantities,dendrites apparently grown from the Li-stripping electrode are also observed.The discovery is only possibly due to the unique combination of the high specificity and high sensitivity of the neutron activation analysis of Li isotope.展开更多
文摘In vehicle dynamics, there are wide applications concerning the simulation of vehicles on roads. These simulation applications relate to vehicle driving, ride comfort and durability. An accurate prediction of simulation results requires reliability and efficiency of road representations. The MATLAB graphical user interface module, called MATLAB GUI, is used to develop virtual simulation laboratories that allow the user to interact with a computer program using graphical objects. In this context, the aim of this article is to use the MATLAB OpenCRG suite of tools and the MATLAB GUI to develop a virtual environment for simulating a 3D road profile. A three-dimensional model of a pothole with variable parameters is developed and integrated into the 3D road profile.
文摘Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the improvement of the measurement speed.A double CCD compensation technology is used to improve the measurement precision. An easy and effective calibration method of the least squares to fit the parameter of system structure is used to get the relative coordinate relationship of objects and images of light section in the directions of height and axis. Sensor scanning segment by segment and layer by layer makes the measurement range expand greatly.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50175024)Provincial Program for Young Teacher of Colleges and Universities of Anhui(No.2005jql019)Provincial Research Foundation of Key Laboratory of Anhui.
文摘Compared with the traditional scanning confocal microscopy, the effect of various factors on characteristic in multi-beam parallel confocal system is discussed, the error factors in multi-beam parallel confocal system are analyzed. The factors influencing the characteristics of the multi-beam parallel confocal system are discussed. The construction and working principle of the non-scanning 3D detecting system is introduced, and some experiment results prove the effect of various factors on the detecting system.
基金supported by the Australian coal industry's research(Grant No.C29048).
文摘Open pit mining operations generate significant spoil dumps that need to be characterised for stability to identify potentially unstable slopes.However,the current subjective practice for spoil characterisation often involves tedious and risky field work.To this end,this study demonstrated the use of periodically acquired unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based images over a coal mine spoil dump in New South Wales,Australia.A granular approach that captures the variability of each truck offload pile on a dump was adopted through morphology-based segmentation and ensemble algorithm-based classification which consolidates predictions from multiple classifiers.Overall accuracy of over 90% in the material characterisation based on the classification framework was achieved.The two-dimensional classification outcome was then transformed into three-dimensional(3D)block models using a point-based interpolation approach for stability analysis.The factor of safety derived from the granular approach offered improved assessment of failure risk compared to the conventional approaches,which treat the entire dump as a uniform category.This rapid classification and assessment method proposed in this study will help reduce the uncertainty associated with the variability of spoil dumps in slope stability assessments,thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of mining operations.
基金Barnbrook Systems, UK for their support of this work
文摘Arc erosion studies are conducted on AgSnO2 contact materials at different stages in the break operation. A resistive load arrangement is used with up to 42 V DC at 24 A and a constant contact opening velocity. The arc current is terminated at different stages as the arc is drawn between the contacts enabling a study of the arcing phenomena up to that point. Surface profiling of the contacts is conducted to determine the extent of erosion at the different stages as the arc is drawn. Spectral analysis is also conducted on the arc and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that particular features occur at different stages as the arc is drawn. As the arc is initially established, it goes through an ＂Arc Generation＂ regime where the arc roots are small and immobile on both the anode and the cathode. Material transfer occurs mainly from anode to cathode. The spectral analysis indicates that Sn and O species dominate the arc followed by the Ag species. As the arc is drawn further and enters the ＂Arc Degeneration＂ regime, the anode undergoes significantly larger erosion than the cathode. Also, both contacts indicate that multiple arc roots have formed, which are highly mobile in the later stages of the discharge. The spectral analysis indicates that Ag and N species are in high concentrations compared to other species. The mechanisms of erosion and deposition are discussed in relation to the species within the arc discharge. For the complete break operation, it is found that the anode undergoes major erosion, and it is thought that the gaseous ions species do not dominate the arc under these conditions of short arcs and voltage 〈42 V to cause cathode erosion.
文摘Objective Focusing on the problem such as slow scanning speed, complex system design and low light efficiency, a new parallel confocal 3D profile detecting method based on optical fiber technology, which realizes whole-field confocal detecting, is proposed. Methods The optical fiber plate generates an 2D point light source array, which splits one light beam into N2 subbeams and act the role of pinholes as point source and point detecting to filter the stray light and reflect light. By introducing the construction and working principle of the multi-beam 3D detecting system, the feasibility is investigated. Results Experiment result indicates that the optical fiber technology is applicable in parallel confocal detecting. Conclusion The equipment needn't mechanical rotation. The measuring parameters that influence the detecting can easily be adapted to satisfy different requirments of measurement. Compared with the conventional confocal method, the parallel confocal detecting system using optical fiber plate is simple in the mechanism, the measuring field is larger and the speed is faster.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42090032 and 42275168).
文摘The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES)model,adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian(SISL)time integration algorithm.This paper describes a major upgrade to the dynamical core of the CMA global forecast system(CMA-GFS),which was successfully incorporated into operation in 2020.In the upgrade,the classical SISL is further developed into a predictor–corrector scheme,a three-dimensional(3D)reference profile instead of the original isothermal reference profile is applied when implementing the semi-implicit algorithm,and a hybrid terrain-following vertical coordinate system is also applied.The new version of the dynamical core greatly improves the model performance,the time integration reaches second-order accuracy,the time step can be extended by 50%,and the efficiency is greatly improved(by approximately 30%).Atmospheric circulation simulation is systematically improved,and deviations in temperature,wind,and humidity are reduced.The new version of the dynamical core provides a solid foundation for further development of the entire operational system of the CMA.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2019A1515110398)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12105197)H.Wang acknowledges the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology through award 70NANB12H238.
文摘Integrating lithium metal anodes with polymer electrolytes is a promising technology for the next generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.As the progress is often hindered by the dendrite growth upon cycling,quantifying three-dimensional(3D)microstructures of dendrites in polymer electrolytes is essential to better understanding of dendrite formation for the development of mitigation strategies.Techniques for 3D quantification and visualization of dendrites,especially those with low Li contents,are rather limited.This study reports quantitative measurements of the spatial distribution of Li dendrites grown in solid polymer electrolytes using 3D tomographic neutron depth profiling(NDP)with improved spatial resolution,compositional range,and data presentation.Data reveal heterogeneous distribution of Li over length scales from tens nanometers to centimeters.While most dendrites grow from the plating toward the stripping electrode with dwindling Li quantities,dendrites apparently grown from the Li-stripping electrode are also observed.The discovery is only possibly due to the unique combination of the high specificity and high sensitivity of the neutron activation analysis of Li isotope.
