The rapid growth of mobile and Internet of Things(IoT)applications in dense urban environments places stringent demands on future Beyond 5G(B5G)or Beyond 6G(B6G)networks,which must ensure high Quality of Service(QoS)w...The rapid growth of mobile and Internet of Things(IoT)applications in dense urban environments places stringent demands on future Beyond 5G(B5G)or Beyond 6G(B6G)networks,which must ensure high Quality of Service(QoS)while maintaining cost-efficiency and sustainable deployment.Traditional strategies struggle with complex 3D propagation,building penetration loss,and the balance between coverage and infrastructure cost.To address this challenge,this study presents the first application of a Global-best Guided Quantum-inspired Tabu Search with Quantum-Not Gate(GQTS-QNG)framework for 3D base-station deployment optimization.The problem is formulated as a multi-objective model that simultaneously maximizes coverage and minimizes deployment cost.A binary-to-decimal encodingmechanism is designed to represent discrete placement coordinates and base station types,leveraging a quantum-inspired method to efficiently search and refine solutions within challenging combinatorial environments.Global-best guidance and tabu memory are integrated to strengthen convergence stability and avoid revisiting previously explored solutions.Simulation results across user densities ranging from 1000 to 10,000 show that GQTS-QNG consistently finds deployment configurations achieving full coverage while reducing deployment cost compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms under equal iteration times.Additionally,our method generates welldistributed and structured Pareto fronts,offering diverse planning options that allow operators to flexibly balance cost and performance requirements.These findings demonstrate that GQTS-QNG is a scalable and efficient algorithm for sustainable 3D cellular network deployment in B5G/6G urban scenarios.展开更多
To overcome the limitations of traditional photocatalysts,such as inefficient separation of charge carriers and poor visible-light absorption,S-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesize...To overcome the limitations of traditional photocatalysts,such as inefficient separation of charge carriers and poor visible-light absorption,S-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized via a combined method of thermal polymerization,hydrothermal synthesis,and calcination.The crystal structures,morphological features,and optical properties of the composites were systematically characterized,and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated through tetracycline(TC)degradation and hydrogen evolution experiments.Trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanisms.The results demonstrate that the S-scheme heterojunction effectively extends the visible-light absorption range and facilitates the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Under optimal conditions,the composite achieved a TC degradation rate of 94.5%and a hydrogen evolution rate of 329.1μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) after 8 h of irradiation,both values being significantly higher than those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) or TiO_(2).Moreover,the S-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterojunction retained high photocatalytic activity over five consecutive cycles,confirming its excellent stability.Mechanistic investigations revealed that the S-scheme heterojunction maintained strong redox capacities,with superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(-)),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),electrons(e-),and holes(h+)serving as the primary active species responsible for TC degradation and H2 production.展开更多
Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,under Grants 113-2221-E-260-014-MY2 and 114-2119-M-033-001.
文摘The rapid growth of mobile and Internet of Things(IoT)applications in dense urban environments places stringent demands on future Beyond 5G(B5G)or Beyond 6G(B6G)networks,which must ensure high Quality of Service(QoS)while maintaining cost-efficiency and sustainable deployment.Traditional strategies struggle with complex 3D propagation,building penetration loss,and the balance between coverage and infrastructure cost.To address this challenge,this study presents the first application of a Global-best Guided Quantum-inspired Tabu Search with Quantum-Not Gate(GQTS-QNG)framework for 3D base-station deployment optimization.The problem is formulated as a multi-objective model that simultaneously maximizes coverage and minimizes deployment cost.A binary-to-decimal encodingmechanism is designed to represent discrete placement coordinates and base station types,leveraging a quantum-inspired method to efficiently search and refine solutions within challenging combinatorial environments.Global-best guidance and tabu memory are integrated to strengthen convergence stability and avoid revisiting previously explored solutions.Simulation results across user densities ranging from 1000 to 10,000 show that GQTS-QNG consistently finds deployment configurations achieving full coverage while reducing deployment cost compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms under equal iteration times.Additionally,our method generates welldistributed and structured Pareto fronts,offering diverse planning options that allow operators to flexibly balance cost and performance requirements.These findings demonstrate that GQTS-QNG is a scalable and efficient algorithm for sustainable 3D cellular network deployment in B5G/6G urban scenarios.
文摘To overcome the limitations of traditional photocatalysts,such as inefficient separation of charge carriers and poor visible-light absorption,S-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized via a combined method of thermal polymerization,hydrothermal synthesis,and calcination.The crystal structures,morphological features,and optical properties of the composites were systematically characterized,and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated through tetracycline(TC)degradation and hydrogen evolution experiments.Trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanisms.The results demonstrate that the S-scheme heterojunction effectively extends the visible-light absorption range and facilitates the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Under optimal conditions,the composite achieved a TC degradation rate of 94.5%and a hydrogen evolution rate of 329.1μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) after 8 h of irradiation,both values being significantly higher than those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) or TiO_(2).Moreover,the S-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterojunction retained high photocatalytic activity over five consecutive cycles,confirming its excellent stability.Mechanistic investigations revealed that the S-scheme heterojunction maintained strong redox capacities,with superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(-)),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),electrons(e-),and holes(h+)serving as the primary active species responsible for TC degradation and H2 production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
文摘Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
