The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
This letter comments on a study linking metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),vitamin D3,and severe gastric autonomic neuropathy(diabetic gastric motility disorders)in type 2 diabetes mellitu...This letter comments on a study linking metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),vitamin D3,and severe gastric autonomic neuropathy(diabetic gastric motility disorders)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).We question the necessity of excluding patients with severe cataract(unable to complete fundus exams),as the focus on T2DM-MASLD correlation may render other T2DM complications less relevant.We emphasize vitamin D3’s multifaceted relevance:It associates with T2DM(high-dose supplementation reduces onset risk),MASLD(serum levels predict risk),smooth muscle function,immunity,and T2DM-related fractures via advanced glycation end products.We propose correlating MASLD severity with vitamin D3 levels and diabetic gastric motility disorders in validation analyses(e.g.,correlation,area under the curve)to refine factor analysis.Additionally,based on the authors’note of vitamin D3-tryptophan metabolism links,we call for deeper integration of metabolic pathways to clarify vitamin D3’s role in smooth muscle electrophysiology,leveraging the team’s prior research insights.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are receiving increasing attention as one of the potential next-generation batteries,owing to their high energy densities and low cost.However,practical Li-S batteries with high energy de...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are receiving increasing attention as one of the potential next-generation batteries,owing to their high energy densities and low cost.However,practical Li-S batteries with high energy densities are extremely hindered by the sulfur loss,low Coulombic efficiency,and short cycling life originating from the polysulfide(LiPS)shuttle.In this study,two-dimensional(2D)ZnCo_(2)O_(4) microsheets fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process are employed to modify the separator,for improving the electrochemical performances of Li-S cells.The resulting 2D Zn Co_(2)O_(4)-coated separator features a coating thickness of approximately 10 lm,high ionic conductivity of 1.8 m S/cm,and low mass loading of 0.2 mg/cm^(2).This 2D ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-coated separator effectively inhibits Li PS shuttle by a strong chemical interaction with Li PS as well as promotes the redox kinetics by Zn CO2O4-coated layers,as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,self-discharge,time-dependent permeation test,Li symmetric cell test,and Li2S nucleation analyses.Consequently,the Li-S batteries based on the 2D Zn Co_(2)O_(4)-coated separator exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 1292.2 m Ah/g at 0.1 C.Moreover,they exhibit excellent long cycle stability at 1 and 2 C with capacity retention of 84%and 86%even after800 cycles,corresponding to a capacity fading rate of 0.020%and 0.016%per cycle,respectively.Effectively,these Li-S cells with a high sulfur loading at 5.3 mg/cm^(2) and low electrolyte concentration of 9 l L/mg deliver a high discharge capacity of 4.99 m Ah/cm^(2) after 200 cycles at 0.1 C.展开更多
The authors introduce nonseparable scaling function interpolation and show that its approximation can provide similar convergence properties as scalar wavelet system. Several equivalent statements of accuracy of nonse...The authors introduce nonseparable scaling function interpolation and show that its approximation can provide similar convergence properties as scalar wavelet system. Several equivalent statements of accuracy of nonseparable scaling function are also given. In the numerical experiments, it appears that nonseparable scaling function interpolation has better convergence results than scalar wavelet systems in some cases.展开更多
Hydrogen generation and related energy applications heavily rely on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which faces challenges of slow kinetics and high overpotential.Efficient electrocatalysts,particularly single-at...Hydrogen generation and related energy applications heavily rely on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which faces challenges of slow kinetics and high overpotential.Efficient electrocatalysts,particularly single-atom catalysts (SACs) on two-dimensional (2D) materials,are essential.This study presents a few-shot machine learning (ML) assisted high-throughput screening of 2D septuple-atomic-layer Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x)supported SACs to predict HER catalytic activity.Initially,density functional theory (DFT)calculations showed that 2D Ga_(2)CoS4is inactive for HER.However,defective Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x)(x=0–0.25)monolayers exhibit excellent HER activity due to surface sulfur vacancies (SVs),with predicted overpotentials (0–60 mV) comparable to or lower than commercial Pt/C,which typically exhibits an overpotential of around 50 m V in the acidic electrolyte,when the concentration of surface SV is lower than 8.3%.SVs generate spin-polarized states near the Fermi level,making them effective HER sites.We demonstrate ML-accelerated HER overpotential predictions for all transition metal SACs on 2D Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x).Using DFT data from 18 SACs,an ML model with high prediction accuracy and reduced computation time was developed.An intrinsic descriptor linking SAC atomic properties to HER overpotential was identified.This study thus provides a framework for screening SACs on 2D materials,enhancing catalyst design.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Heart failure is the commonest cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, subclinical left ventricular...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Heart failure is the commonest cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, subclinical left ventricular dysfunction can’t be detected using 2D echocardiography which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">routinely used for cardiac evaluation of diabetic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated to left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) impairment in type 2 diabetes Cameroonians patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We conducted a cross-sectional study from January 2019 to June 2019, including type 2 diabetes patients with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected, and LV GLS was assessed using speckle tracking technique, a value ≤</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16% been considered as normal value. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We recruited 95 patients, with a mean age of 57.4 ± 11.8 years old and median diabetes duration of 5 [2 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 12] years. Echocardiographic evaluation found 56.3% of left ventricle remodelling, 51.6% of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and mean left ventricle ejection of 63.3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ± 6.6%. LV GLS impairment was present in 43.2% (95% CI: 32.6 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53.7) of the participants. After adjustment to all significantly associated factors, Obesity (aOR: 4;95% CI: 1.5 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10.6) and diastolic dysfunction (aOR: 3.1;95% CI: 1.2 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 8.2) were independent factors associated with LV GLS. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Subclinical systolic dysfunction assessed by LV GLS impairment is frequent in diabetic patients. Further research should be carried out more extensively to integrate LV GLS in the type 2 diabetes patients’ routine follow up for a better prognostic outcome, especially in low-incomes countries.</span></span>展开更多
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
基金Supported by Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project,No.2024Y9555Youth Research Project of the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial Health Commission,No.2024QNB005+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project,No.2024J011124Fujian Provincial Medical Project for Creating Dual High-Quality Development(High Level and High Standard),No.ETK2025004.
文摘This letter comments on a study linking metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),vitamin D3,and severe gastric autonomic neuropathy(diabetic gastric motility disorders)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).We question the necessity of excluding patients with severe cataract(unable to complete fundus exams),as the focus on T2DM-MASLD correlation may render other T2DM complications less relevant.We emphasize vitamin D3’s multifaceted relevance:It associates with T2DM(high-dose supplementation reduces onset risk),MASLD(serum levels predict risk),smooth muscle function,immunity,and T2DM-related fractures via advanced glycation end products.We propose correlating MASLD severity with vitamin D3 levels and diabetic gastric motility disorders in validation analyses(e.g.,correlation,area under the curve)to refine factor analysis.Additionally,based on the authors’note of vitamin D3-tryptophan metabolism links,we call for deeper integration of metabolic pathways to clarify vitamin D3’s role in smooth muscle electrophysiology,leveraging the team’s prior research insights.
基金supported by a grant from R&D Program of the Korea Railroad Research Institute,Republic of Korea。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are receiving increasing attention as one of the potential next-generation batteries,owing to their high energy densities and low cost.However,practical Li-S batteries with high energy densities are extremely hindered by the sulfur loss,low Coulombic efficiency,and short cycling life originating from the polysulfide(LiPS)shuttle.In this study,two-dimensional(2D)ZnCo_(2)O_(4) microsheets fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process are employed to modify the separator,for improving the electrochemical performances of Li-S cells.The resulting 2D Zn Co_(2)O_(4)-coated separator features a coating thickness of approximately 10 lm,high ionic conductivity of 1.8 m S/cm,and low mass loading of 0.2 mg/cm^(2).This 2D ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-coated separator effectively inhibits Li PS shuttle by a strong chemical interaction with Li PS as well as promotes the redox kinetics by Zn CO2O4-coated layers,as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,self-discharge,time-dependent permeation test,Li symmetric cell test,and Li2S nucleation analyses.Consequently,the Li-S batteries based on the 2D Zn Co_(2)O_(4)-coated separator exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 1292.2 m Ah/g at 0.1 C.Moreover,they exhibit excellent long cycle stability at 1 and 2 C with capacity retention of 84%and 86%even after800 cycles,corresponding to a capacity fading rate of 0.020%and 0.016%per cycle,respectively.Effectively,these Li-S cells with a high sulfur loading at 5.3 mg/cm^(2) and low electrolyte concentration of 9 l L/mg deliver a high discharge capacity of 4.99 m Ah/cm^(2) after 200 cycles at 0.1 C.
文摘The authors introduce nonseparable scaling function interpolation and show that its approximation can provide similar convergence properties as scalar wavelet system. Several equivalent statements of accuracy of nonseparable scaling function are also given. In the numerical experiments, it appears that nonseparable scaling function interpolation has better convergence results than scalar wavelet systems in some cases.
文摘Hydrogen generation and related energy applications heavily rely on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which faces challenges of slow kinetics and high overpotential.Efficient electrocatalysts,particularly single-atom catalysts (SACs) on two-dimensional (2D) materials,are essential.This study presents a few-shot machine learning (ML) assisted high-throughput screening of 2D septuple-atomic-layer Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x)supported SACs to predict HER catalytic activity.Initially,density functional theory (DFT)calculations showed that 2D Ga_(2)CoS4is inactive for HER.However,defective Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x)(x=0–0.25)monolayers exhibit excellent HER activity due to surface sulfur vacancies (SVs),with predicted overpotentials (0–60 mV) comparable to or lower than commercial Pt/C,which typically exhibits an overpotential of around 50 m V in the acidic electrolyte,when the concentration of surface SV is lower than 8.3%.SVs generate spin-polarized states near the Fermi level,making them effective HER sites.We demonstrate ML-accelerated HER overpotential predictions for all transition metal SACs on 2D Ga_(2)CoS_(4-x).Using DFT data from 18 SACs,an ML model with high prediction accuracy and reduced computation time was developed.An intrinsic descriptor linking SAC atomic properties to HER overpotential was identified.This study thus provides a framework for screening SACs on 2D materials,enhancing catalyst design.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Heart failure is the commonest cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, subclinical left ventricular dysfunction can’t be detected using 2D echocardiography which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">routinely used for cardiac evaluation of diabetic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated to left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) impairment in type 2 diabetes Cameroonians patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We conducted a cross-sectional study from January 2019 to June 2019, including type 2 diabetes patients with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected, and LV GLS was assessed using speckle tracking technique, a value ≤</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16% been considered as normal value. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We recruited 95 patients, with a mean age of 57.4 ± 11.8 years old and median diabetes duration of 5 [2 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 12] years. Echocardiographic evaluation found 56.3% of left ventricle remodelling, 51.6% of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and mean left ventricle ejection of 63.3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ± 6.6%. LV GLS impairment was present in 43.2% (95% CI: 32.6 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53.7) of the participants. After adjustment to all significantly associated factors, Obesity (aOR: 4;95% CI: 1.5 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10.6) and diastolic dysfunction (aOR: 3.1;95% CI: 1.2 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 8.2) were independent factors associated with LV GLS. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Subclinical systolic dysfunction assessed by LV GLS impairment is frequent in diabetic patients. Further research should be carried out more extensively to integrate LV GLS in the type 2 diabetes patients’ routine follow up for a better prognostic outcome, especially in low-incomes countries.</span></span>
