In this paper, we obtain the strong law of large numbers for a 2-dimensional array of pairwise negatively dependent random variables which are not required to be identically distributed. We found the sufficient condit...In this paper, we obtain the strong law of large numbers for a 2-dimensional array of pairwise negatively dependent random variables which are not required to be identically distributed. We found the sufficient conditions of strong law of large numbers for the difference of random variables which independent and identically distributed conditions are regarded. In this study, we consider the limit as which is stronger than the limit as m× n→?∞ when m, n →?∞?are natural numbers.展开更多
Incorporating a secondary metal and engineering heterogeneous nanostructures can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of nonenzymatic glucose sensors.Herein,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanowire(NW)arrays were envel...Incorporating a secondary metal and engineering heterogeneous nanostructures can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of nonenzymatic glucose sensors.Herein,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanowire(NW)arrays were enveloped with NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets(NSs)using a simple hydrothermal method.NSs improved the electronic conductivity of NW arrays,while arrays prevented the aggregation of NSs,resulting in exceptional glucose sensing performance.In 0.1 mol·L^(−1) NaOH electrolyte,this composite electrode demonstrated remarkable sensitivity(7641μA·mmol^(−1)·L·cm^(−2)),broad linear detection range(1 to 1250μmol·L^(−1)),low detection limit(0.16μmol·L^(−1)),and rapid response time(within 1 s),as well as excellent selectivity,reproducibility,and stability.Such a unique architecture of NiCo_(2)O_(4) NW arrays enhanced the specific surface area of the composite material,facilitating the efficient electron transfer between copper foam and NiCo_(2)O_(4) NSs.This work provides an economical and efficient approach for developing enzyme-free glucose sensing catalysts with superior electrochemical properties.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilin...In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.展开更多
In this work,we study wave state transitions of the(2+1)-dimensional Kortewegde Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani(2KdVSKR)equation by analyzing the characteristic line and phase shift.By converting the wave parameters of the...In this work,we study wave state transitions of the(2+1)-dimensional Kortewegde Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani(2KdVSKR)equation by analyzing the characteristic line and phase shift.By converting the wave parameters of the N-soliton solution into complex numbers,the breath wave solution is constructed.The lump wave solution is derived through the long wave limit method.Then,by choosing appropriate parameter values,we acquire a number of transformed nonlinear waves whose gradient relation is discussed according to the ratio of the wave parameters.Furthermore,we reveal transition mechanisms of the waves by exploring the nonlinear superposition of the solitary and periodic wave components.Subsequently,locality,oscillation properties and evolutionary phenomenon of the transformed waves are presented.And we also prove the change in the geometrical properties of the characteristic lines leads to the phenomena of wave evolution.Finally,for higher-order waves,a range of interaction models are depicted along with their evolutionary phenomena.And we demonstrate that their diversity is due to the fact that the solitary and periodic wave components produce different phase shifts caused by time evolution and collisions.展开更多
Recently, during the investigations on planetary oceans, Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-type models have been developed. In this paper, for a(2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota-Satsuma-Ito system describing ...Recently, during the investigations on planetary oceans, Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-type models have been developed. In this paper, for a(2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota-Satsuma-Ito system describing the fluid dynamics of shallow-water waves in an open ocean, non-characteristic movable singular manifold and symbolic computation enable an oceanic auto-B?cklund transformation with three sets of the oceanic solitonic solutions. The results rely on the oceanic variable coefficients in that system. Future oceanic observations might detect some nonlinear features predicted in this paper, and relevant oceanographic insights might be expected.展开更多
A differential paired eFuse OTP(one-time programmable)memory cell which can be configured into a 2D(two-dimensional)eFuse cell array was proposed.The sensible resistance of a programmed eFuse link is a half smaller th...A differential paired eFuse OTP(one-time programmable)memory cell which can be configured into a 2D(two-dimensional)eFuse cell array was proposed.The sensible resistance of a programmed eFuse link is a half smaller than that of the single-ended counterpart and BL datum can be sensed without a reference voltage.With this 2D array of differential paired eFuse OTP memory cells,we design a 32-bit eFuse OTP memory IP.We use a sense amplifier based D F/F circuit as the BL(bit-line)SA(sense amplifier)and design a sensing margin test circuit with a variable pull-up load.It is confirmed by the function test that the designed 32-bit OTP memory IP functions normally on 30 sample dies.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discre...This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discrete derivatives and introducing logistics-related constraints.Optional consideration of the rotation of the cargoes was made to further enhance the optimality of the solutions,if possible to be physically implemented.Evaluation metrics were developed for accurate evaluation and enhancement of the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize the loading space and provide a high level of dynamic stability.Experimental results demonstrate the extensive robustness of the proposed algorithm to the diversity of cargoes present in Business-to-Consumer environments.This study contributes practical advancements in both cargo loading optimization and automation of the logistics industry,with potential applications in last-mile delivery services,warehousing,and supply chain management.展开更多
The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrog...The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrogen production from water splitting.In this work,M-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrodes were prepared by depositing various metal ion-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles on the titania nanotube array(TNTA)by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)method,and their HER and OER electrocatalytic performances were investigated in 1 M KOH.Results show that the CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrode prepared by simultaneous doping of Co^(3+)and Fe^(3+)in MnO_(2) exhibits optimal catalytic performance.Compared with MnO_(2)@TNTA without ion doping,the overpotentials of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA at 10 mA cm^(-2)(η_(10))for HER and OER are reduced by 571 and 665 mV.In addition,the electrode perfor-mance can be significantly enhanced by increasing the test temperature,and the porous array structure enables CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA to exhibit better performance at high current densities.At 50℃,which is the common industrial electrolytic water temperature,the η_(10) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is almost equal to that of the Pt/C electrode.The η_(100) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is reduced by 35 mV compared with the Pt/C electrode.Moreover,η_(200) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for OER is significantly lowered by 111 and 184 mV compared with IrO_(2) and RuO_(2) electrodes.Utilizing CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,the electrolysis voltage is merely 2.33 V under the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),much lower than that of IrO_(2)(+)||Pt/C(-)(2.68 V).The present work may provide a valuable reference for the development of self-supporting bifunctional electrodes suitable for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures.展开更多
This paper studies the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation.Based on an associated Hirota bilinear form,lump-type solution,two types of interaction solutions,and breather wave solution of the(2+1)-dimensional ...This paper studies the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation.Based on an associated Hirota bilinear form,lump-type solution,two types of interaction solutions,and breather wave solution of the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation are obtained,which are all related to the seed solution of the equation.It is interesting that the rogue wave is aroused by the interaction between one-lump soliton and a pair of resonance stripe solitons,and the fusion and fission phenomena are also found in the interaction between lump solitons and one-stripe soliton.Furthermore,the breather wave solution is also obtained by reducing the two-soliton solutions.The trajectory and period of the one-order breather wave are analyzed.The corresponding dynamical characteristics are demonstrated by the graphs.展开更多
A(2+1)-dimensional modified KdV(2DmKdV)system is considered from several perspectives.Firstly,residue symmetry,a type of nonlocal symmetry,and the Bäcklund transformation are obtained via the truncated Painlev...A(2+1)-dimensional modified KdV(2DmKdV)system is considered from several perspectives.Firstly,residue symmetry,a type of nonlocal symmetry,and the Bäcklund transformation are obtained via the truncated Painlevéexpansion method.Subsequently,the residue symmetry is localized to a Lie point symmetry of a prolonged system,from which the finite transformation group is derived.Secondly,the integrability of the 2DmKdV system is examined under the sense of consistent tanh expansion solvability.Simultaneously,explicit soliton-cnoidal wave solutions are provided.Finally,abundant patterns of soliton molecules are presented by imposing the velocity resonance condition on the multiple-soliton solution.展开更多
In this work,the(2+1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa(DJKM)equation is studied by means of the ■-dressing method.A new ■ problem has been constructed by analyzing the characteristic function and the Green’...In this work,the(2+1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa(DJKM)equation is studied by means of the ■-dressing method.A new ■ problem has been constructed by analyzing the characteristic function and the Green’s function of its Lax representation.Based on solving the ■ equation and choosing the proper spectral transformation,the solution of the DJKM equation is constructed.Furthermore,the more general solution of the DJKM equation can be also obtained by ensuring the evolution of the time spectral data.展开更多
In this paper, the rogue wave solutions of the(2+1)-dimensional Myrzakulov–Lakshmanan(ML)-Ⅳ equation, which is described by five component nonlinear evolution equations, are studied on a periodic background. By usin...In this paper, the rogue wave solutions of the(2+1)-dimensional Myrzakulov–Lakshmanan(ML)-Ⅳ equation, which is described by five component nonlinear evolution equations, are studied on a periodic background. By using the Jacobian elliptic function expansion method, the Darboux transformation(DT) method and the nonlinearization of the Lax pair, two kinds of rogue wave solutions which are expressed by Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn, are obtained.The relationship between these five kinds of potential is summarized systematically. Firstly, the periodic rogue wave solution of one potential is obtained, and then the periodic rogue wave solutions of the other four potentials are obtained directly. The solutions we find present the dynamic phenomena of higher-order nonlinear wave equations.展开更多
Based on the Hirota bilinear method,this study derived N-soliton solutions,breather solutions,lump solutions and interaction solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.The dynamic...Based on the Hirota bilinear method,this study derived N-soliton solutions,breather solutions,lump solutions and interaction solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.The dynamical characteristics of these solutions were displayed through graphical,particularly revealing fusion and ssion phenomena in the interaction of lump and the one-stripe soliton.展开更多
The(2 + 1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order Kd V(2GKd V) equation is revisited via combined physical and mathematical methods. By using the Hirota perturbation expansion technique and via setting the nonzero backgr...The(2 + 1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order Kd V(2GKd V) equation is revisited via combined physical and mathematical methods. By using the Hirota perturbation expansion technique and via setting the nonzero background wave on the multiple soliton solution of the 2GKd V equation, breather waves are constructed, for which some transformed wave conditions are considered that yield abundant novel nonlinear waves including X/Y-Shaped(XS/YS),asymmetric M-Shaped(MS), W-Shaped(WS), Space-Curved(SC) and Oscillation M-Shaped(OMS) solitons. Furthermore, distinct nonlinear wave molecules and interactional structures involving the asymmetric MS, WS, XS/YS, SC solitons, and breathers, lumps are constructed after considering the corresponding existence conditions. The dynamical properties of the nonlinear molecular waves and interactional structures are revealed via analyzing the trajectory equations along with the change of the phase shifts.展开更多
For the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive Boussinesq equation, by using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to study its corresponding traveling wave system, the bifurcations and phase portraits ...For the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive Boussinesq equation, by using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to study its corresponding traveling wave system, the bifurcations and phase portraits of the regular system are obtained. Under different parametric conditions, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of analytical and non-analytical solutions of the singular system are given by using singular traveling wave theory. For certain special cases, some explicit and exact parametric representations of traveling wave solutions are derived such as analytical periodic waves and non-analytical periodic cusp waves. Further, two-dimensional wave plots of analytical periodic solutions and non-analytical periodic cusp wave solutions are drawn to visualize the dynamics of the equation.展开更多
Developing non-expensive, highly active and highly stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has aroused extensive attention, owing to the necessity of novel clean and sustainable energy carriers. In this paper, ...Developing non-expensive, highly active and highly stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has aroused extensive attention, owing to the necessity of novel clean and sustainable energy carriers. In this paper, we report a synthesis of free-standing three-dimensional hierarchical MoS_2/CoS_2 heterostructure arrays through a convenient process. The investigation of electrocatalytic HER performance suggests that the MoS_2/CoS_2 hybrid catalyst exhibits significant enhancement in HER(onsetpotential and potential at a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) are 20 mV and125 mV, respectively) and superior durability(no shift of current density is observed after a continuous scanning of 3000 times) compared with individual CoS_2 and MoS_2. The superior HER performance was attributed to the formation of the interface between CoS_2 and MoS_2 through the electrochemical characterization, Raman, XPS analysis, and the control experiment. The lower onsetpotential, higher current density, excellent durability, and the free-standing structure of the three-dimensional hierarchical MoS_2/CoS_2 heterostructure array make it a promising cathode catalyst suitable for widespread application.展开更多
Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film w...Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.展开更多
The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising altern...The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture,enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations.Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays,rapid response times,and ability to emulate biological synapses.Among these devices,two-dimensional(2D)material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing,thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials,such as layered structures,mechanical flexibility,and the capability to form heterojunctions.This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays,encompassing critical aspects such as material selection,device perfor-mance metrics,array structures,and potential applications.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays,along with potential solutions.The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing,leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.展开更多
A 10 × 10 solar-blind ultraviolet(UV) imaging array with double-layer wire structure was prepared based on Ga_(2)O_(3) film grown by atomic layer deposition. These single detection units in the array exhibit exce...A 10 × 10 solar-blind ultraviolet(UV) imaging array with double-layer wire structure was prepared based on Ga_(2)O_(3) film grown by atomic layer deposition. These single detection units in the array exhibit excellent performance at 3 V: photo-todark current ratio(PDCR) of 5.5 × 10^(5), responsivity(R) of 4.28 A/W, external quantum efficiency(EQE) of 2.1 × 10^(3)%, detectivity(D*) of 1.5 × 10^(14) Jones, and fast response time. The photodetector array shows high uniformity under different light intensity and low operating bias. The array also has good temperature stability. Under 300 ℃, it still presents clear imaging and keeps high R of 34.4 and 6.45 A/W at 5 and 1 V, respectively. This work provides a new insight for the large-scale array of Ga_(2)O_(3) solarblind UV detectors.展开更多
We study the localized coherent structures ofa generally nonintegrable (2+ 1 )-dimensional KdV equation via a variable separation approach. In a special integrable case, the entrance of some arbitrary functions leads ...We study the localized coherent structures ofa generally nonintegrable (2+ 1 )-dimensional KdV equation via a variable separation approach. In a special integrable case, the entrance of some arbitrary functions leads to abundant coherent structures. However, in the general nonintegrable case, an additional condition has to be introduced for these arbitrary functions. Although the additional condition has been introduced into the solutions of the nonintegrable KdV equation, there still exist many interesting solitary wave structures. Especially, the nonintegrable KdV equation possesses the breather-like localized excitations, and the similar static ring soliton solutions as in the integrable case. Furthermor,in the integrable case, the interaction between two travelling ring solitons is elastic, while in the nonintegrable case we cannot find even the single travelling ring soliton solution.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we obtain the strong law of large numbers for a 2-dimensional array of pairwise negatively dependent random variables which are not required to be identically distributed. We found the sufficient conditions of strong law of large numbers for the difference of random variables which independent and identically distributed conditions are regarded. In this study, we consider the limit as which is stronger than the limit as m× n→?∞ when m, n →?∞?are natural numbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52301100)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QB164)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Development Plan of Weifang(No.2023GX053)the Highlevel Talents Research Start-up Fund Project(Nos.KJRC2023041 and KJRC2023010)the Natural Science Foundation of Weifang University of Science and Technology(No.2023KJ08)the Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Innovation Ability Improvement Project(No.2023TSGC0064).
文摘Incorporating a secondary metal and engineering heterogeneous nanostructures can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of nonenzymatic glucose sensors.Herein,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanowire(NW)arrays were enveloped with NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets(NSs)using a simple hydrothermal method.NSs improved the electronic conductivity of NW arrays,while arrays prevented the aggregation of NSs,resulting in exceptional glucose sensing performance.In 0.1 mol·L^(−1) NaOH electrolyte,this composite electrode demonstrated remarkable sensitivity(7641μA·mmol^(−1)·L·cm^(−2)),broad linear detection range(1 to 1250μmol·L^(−1)),low detection limit(0.16μmol·L^(−1)),and rapid response time(within 1 s),as well as excellent selectivity,reproducibility,and stability.Such a unique architecture of NiCo_(2)O_(4) NW arrays enhanced the specific surface area of the composite material,facilitating the efficient electron transfer between copper foam and NiCo_(2)O_(4) NSs.This work provides an economical and efficient approach for developing enzyme-free glucose sensing catalysts with superior electrochemical properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.12375006。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371255,11975306)the Xuzhou Basic Research Program Project(KC23048)+1 种基金the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(JY-059)the 333 Project in Jiangsu Province and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CUMT(2024ZDPYJQ1003).
文摘In this work,we study wave state transitions of the(2+1)-dimensional Kortewegde Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani(2KdVSKR)equation by analyzing the characteristic line and phase shift.By converting the wave parameters of the N-soliton solution into complex numbers,the breath wave solution is constructed.The lump wave solution is derived through the long wave limit method.Then,by choosing appropriate parameter values,we acquire a number of transformed nonlinear waves whose gradient relation is discussed according to the ratio of the wave parameters.Furthermore,we reveal transition mechanisms of the waves by exploring the nonlinear superposition of the solitary and periodic wave components.Subsequently,locality,oscillation properties and evolutionary phenomenon of the transformed waves are presented.And we also prove the change in the geometrical properties of the characteristic lines leads to the phenomena of wave evolution.Finally,for higher-order waves,a range of interaction models are depicted along with their evolutionary phenomena.And we demonstrate that their diversity is due to the fact that the solitary and periodic wave components produce different phase shifts caused by time evolution and collisions.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of North China University of Technology (Grant Nos.11005136024XN147-87 and 110051360024XN151-86)。
文摘Recently, during the investigations on planetary oceans, Hirota-Satsuma-Ito-type models have been developed. In this paper, for a(2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota-Satsuma-Ito system describing the fluid dynamics of shallow-water waves in an open ocean, non-characteristic movable singular manifold and symbolic computation enable an oceanic auto-B?cklund transformation with three sets of the oceanic solitonic solutions. The results rely on the oceanic variable coefficients in that system. Future oceanic observations might detect some nonlinear features predicted in this paper, and relevant oceanographic insights might be expected.
基金Project supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projectssupported by Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE,Korea)(10039239,"Development of Power Management System SoC Supporting Multi-Battery-Cells and Multi-Energy-Sources for Smart Phones and Smart Devices")
文摘A differential paired eFuse OTP(one-time programmable)memory cell which can be configured into a 2D(two-dimensional)eFuse cell array was proposed.The sensible resistance of a programmed eFuse link is a half smaller than that of the single-ended counterpart and BL datum can be sensed without a reference voltage.With this 2D array of differential paired eFuse OTP memory cells,we design a 32-bit eFuse OTP memory IP.We use a sense amplifier based D F/F circuit as the BL(bit-line)SA(sense amplifier)and design a sensing margin test circuit with a variable pull-up load.It is confirmed by the function test that the designed 32-bit OTP memory IP functions normally on 30 sample dies.
基金supported by the BK21 FOUR funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea,a Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA)grant funded by the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,and Transport(Grant 1615013176)IITP(Institute of Information&Coummunications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ICAN(ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2024-00438411).
文摘This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discrete derivatives and introducing logistics-related constraints.Optional consideration of the rotation of the cargoes was made to further enhance the optimality of the solutions,if possible to be physically implemented.Evaluation metrics were developed for accurate evaluation and enhancement of the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize the loading space and provide a high level of dynamic stability.Experimental results demonstrate the extensive robustness of the proposed algorithm to the diversity of cargoes present in Business-to-Consumer environments.This study contributes practical advancements in both cargo loading optimization and automation of the logistics industry,with potential applications in last-mile delivery services,warehousing,and supply chain management.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972095).
文摘The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrogen production from water splitting.In this work,M-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrodes were prepared by depositing various metal ion-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles on the titania nanotube array(TNTA)by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)method,and their HER and OER electrocatalytic performances were investigated in 1 M KOH.Results show that the CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA composite electrode prepared by simultaneous doping of Co^(3+)and Fe^(3+)in MnO_(2) exhibits optimal catalytic performance.Compared with MnO_(2)@TNTA without ion doping,the overpotentials of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA at 10 mA cm^(-2)(η_(10))for HER and OER are reduced by 571 and 665 mV.In addition,the electrode perfor-mance can be significantly enhanced by increasing the test temperature,and the porous array structure enables CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA to exhibit better performance at high current densities.At 50℃,which is the common industrial electrolytic water temperature,the η_(10) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is almost equal to that of the Pt/C electrode.The η_(100) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for HER is reduced by 35 mV compared with the Pt/C electrode.Moreover,η_(200) of CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA for OER is significantly lowered by 111 and 184 mV compared with IrO_(2) and RuO_(2) electrodes.Utilizing CoFe-MnO_(2)@TNTA as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,the electrolysis voltage is merely 2.33 V under the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),much lower than that of IrO_(2)(+)||Pt/C(-)(2.68 V).The present work may provide a valuable reference for the development of self-supporting bifunctional electrodes suitable for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12275172 and 11905124)。
文摘This paper studies the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation.Based on an associated Hirota bilinear form,lump-type solution,two types of interaction solutions,and breather wave solution of the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation are obtained,which are all related to the seed solution of the equation.It is interesting that the rogue wave is aroused by the interaction between one-lump soliton and a pair of resonance stripe solitons,and the fusion and fission phenomena are also found in the interaction between lump solitons and one-stripe soliton.Furthermore,the breather wave solution is also obtained by reducing the two-soliton solutions.The trajectory and period of the one-order breather wave are analyzed.The corresponding dynamical characteristics are demonstrated by the graphs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12375006).
文摘A(2+1)-dimensional modified KdV(2DmKdV)system is considered from several perspectives.Firstly,residue symmetry,a type of nonlocal symmetry,and the Bäcklund transformation are obtained via the truncated Painlevéexpansion method.Subsequently,the residue symmetry is localized to a Lie point symmetry of a prolonged system,from which the finite transformation group is derived.Secondly,the integrability of the 2DmKdV system is examined under the sense of consistent tanh expansion solvability.Simultaneously,explicit soliton-cnoidal wave solutions are provided.Finally,abundant patterns of soliton molecules are presented by imposing the velocity resonance condition on the multiple-soliton solution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12175111,11975131K C Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘In this work,the(2+1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa(DJKM)equation is studied by means of the ■-dressing method.A new ■ problem has been constructed by analyzing the characteristic function and the Green’s function of its Lax representation.Based on solving the ■ equation and choosing the proper spectral transformation,the solution of the DJKM equation is constructed.Furthermore,the more general solution of the DJKM equation can be also obtained by ensuring the evolution of the time spectral data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12 361 052)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (Grant Nos. 2020LH01010, 2022ZD05)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. NMGIRT2414)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University, China (Grant No. 2022JBTD007)the Key Laboratory of Infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian System and Its Algorithm Application (Inner Mongolia Normal University), and the Ministry of Education (Grant Nos. 2023KFZR01, 2023KFZR02)
文摘In this paper, the rogue wave solutions of the(2+1)-dimensional Myrzakulov–Lakshmanan(ML)-Ⅳ equation, which is described by five component nonlinear evolution equations, are studied on a periodic background. By using the Jacobian elliptic function expansion method, the Darboux transformation(DT) method and the nonlinearization of the Lax pair, two kinds of rogue wave solutions which are expressed by Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn, are obtained.The relationship between these five kinds of potential is summarized systematically. Firstly, the periodic rogue wave solution of one potential is obtained, and then the periodic rogue wave solutions of the other four potentials are obtained directly. The solutions we find present the dynamic phenomena of higher-order nonlinear wave equations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12275172)。
文摘Based on the Hirota bilinear method,this study derived N-soliton solutions,breather solutions,lump solutions and interaction solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.The dynamical characteristics of these solutions were displayed through graphical,particularly revealing fusion and ssion phenomena in the interaction of lump and the one-stripe soliton.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12271324)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2024JC-YBQN-0069)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024M751921)the 2023 Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Research Project (Grant No.2023BSHEDZZ186)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 1301032598)。
文摘The(2 + 1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order Kd V(2GKd V) equation is revisited via combined physical and mathematical methods. By using the Hirota perturbation expansion technique and via setting the nonzero background wave on the multiple soliton solution of the 2GKd V equation, breather waves are constructed, for which some transformed wave conditions are considered that yield abundant novel nonlinear waves including X/Y-Shaped(XS/YS),asymmetric M-Shaped(MS), W-Shaped(WS), Space-Curved(SC) and Oscillation M-Shaped(OMS) solitons. Furthermore, distinct nonlinear wave molecules and interactional structures involving the asymmetric MS, WS, XS/YS, SC solitons, and breathers, lumps are constructed after considering the corresponding existence conditions. The dynamical properties of the nonlinear molecular waves and interactional structures are revealed via analyzing the trajectory equations along with the change of the phase shifts.
文摘For the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive Boussinesq equation, by using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to study its corresponding traveling wave system, the bifurcations and phase portraits of the regular system are obtained. Under different parametric conditions, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of analytical and non-analytical solutions of the singular system are given by using singular traveling wave theory. For certain special cases, some explicit and exact parametric representations of traveling wave solutions are derived such as analytical periodic waves and non-analytical periodic cusp waves. Further, two-dimensional wave plots of analytical periodic solutions and non-analytical periodic cusp wave solutions are drawn to visualize the dynamics of the equation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.:51503062, 51402100, 21573063 and 21573066)the Youth 1000 Talent Program of China+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesInter-discipline Research Program of Hunan University
文摘Developing non-expensive, highly active and highly stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has aroused extensive attention, owing to the necessity of novel clean and sustainable energy carriers. In this paper, we report a synthesis of free-standing three-dimensional hierarchical MoS_2/CoS_2 heterostructure arrays through a convenient process. The investigation of electrocatalytic HER performance suggests that the MoS_2/CoS_2 hybrid catalyst exhibits significant enhancement in HER(onsetpotential and potential at a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) are 20 mV and125 mV, respectively) and superior durability(no shift of current density is observed after a continuous scanning of 3000 times) compared with individual CoS_2 and MoS_2. The superior HER performance was attributed to the formation of the interface between CoS_2 and MoS_2 through the electrochemical characterization, Raman, XPS analysis, and the control experiment. The lower onsetpotential, higher current density, excellent durability, and the free-standing structure of the three-dimensional hierarchical MoS_2/CoS_2 heterostructure array make it a promising cathode catalyst suitable for widespread application.
基金This work was supported financially by the Funding from the Taishan Scholarship of Climbing Plan(No.tspd20161006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772176)the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents(No.2017RCJJ018).
文摘Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation,Singapore under Award No.NRF-CRP24-2020-0002.
文摘The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture,enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations.Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays,rapid response times,and ability to emulate biological synapses.Among these devices,two-dimensional(2D)material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing,thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials,such as layered structures,mechanical flexibility,and the capability to form heterojunctions.This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays,encompassing critical aspects such as material selection,device perfor-mance metrics,array structures,and potential applications.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays,along with potential solutions.The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing,leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.
基金supported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2023-JCYB-574)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62304178)。
文摘A 10 × 10 solar-blind ultraviolet(UV) imaging array with double-layer wire structure was prepared based on Ga_(2)O_(3) film grown by atomic layer deposition. These single detection units in the array exhibit excellent performance at 3 V: photo-todark current ratio(PDCR) of 5.5 × 10^(5), responsivity(R) of 4.28 A/W, external quantum efficiency(EQE) of 2.1 × 10^(3)%, detectivity(D*) of 1.5 × 10^(14) Jones, and fast response time. The photodetector array shows high uniformity under different light intensity and low operating bias. The array also has good temperature stability. Under 300 ℃, it still presents clear imaging and keeps high R of 34.4 and 6.45 A/W at 5 and 1 V, respectively. This work provides a new insight for the large-scale array of Ga_(2)O_(3) solarblind UV detectors.
文摘We study the localized coherent structures ofa generally nonintegrable (2+ 1 )-dimensional KdV equation via a variable separation approach. In a special integrable case, the entrance of some arbitrary functions leads to abundant coherent structures. However, in the general nonintegrable case, an additional condition has to be introduced for these arbitrary functions. Although the additional condition has been introduced into the solutions of the nonintegrable KdV equation, there still exist many interesting solitary wave structures. Especially, the nonintegrable KdV equation possesses the breather-like localized excitations, and the similar static ring soliton solutions as in the integrable case. Furthermor,in the integrable case, the interaction between two travelling ring solitons is elastic, while in the nonintegrable case we cannot find even the single travelling ring soliton solution.
