Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water re...Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.展开更多
Objective:Artemether is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and is widely used in the treatment of Plasmodium(P.)falciparum malaria.This study aimed to characterize the safety profile of artemether based on 15-...Objective:Artemether is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and is widely used in the treatment of Plasmodium(P.)falciparum malaria.This study aimed to characterize the safety profile of artemether based on 15-year data retrived from FDA adverse event reporting system(FAERS).Methods:This is a retrospective analysis on 15-year data of artemether-related adverse effects(AEs)retrieved from the FAERS.AEs were classified according to System Organ Class(SOC)and Preferred Terms(PT).Signal detection was performed using Reporting Odds Ratios(ROR),Proportional Reporting Ratios(PRR),and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean(EBGM).Stratified analyses examined the impact of demographic factors such as sex,age,and time-to-onset.Temporal patterns and associated risk factors were also investigated.Results:Haemolytic anaemia and haemolysis emerged as the most frequently reported AEs,exhibiting significantly elevated RORs(males:ROR 381.36,95%CI 247.06-588.60;females:ROR 455.11,95%CI 286.43-723.12).Sex-specific differences were evident,with females showing a higher incidence of reproductive-related AEs,including spontaneous abortion and premature labour.Temporal trend analysis revealed that the majority of AEs occurred within the first 30 days after the initiation of artemether administration,indicating a rapid onset.The most affected SOCs were blood and lymphatic system disorders and hepatobiliary disorders.Conclusions:Artemether is associated with a notable frequency of early-onset AEs,particularly hematological and hepatobiliary disorders.The observed sex-specific vulnerability to reproductive AEs highlights the need for sex-conscious clinical approaches.Enhanced post-treatment monitoring and further investigations into the drug’s pharmacokinetics and mechanistic pathways are recommended.展开更多
This study takes"ocean heat waves"as a typical case to study the scientific definition,driving mechanisms,multi-dimensional impacts,and response strategies of extreme climate events.The definition of extreme...This study takes"ocean heat waves"as a typical case to study the scientific definition,driving mechanisms,multi-dimensional impacts,and response strategies of extreme climate events.The definition of extreme events requires a comprehensive consideration of statistical thresholds and social impacts.It is mainly driven by global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases,and is also influenced by the interaction of natural variations such as ENSO.Extreme events cause systematic and cascading impacts on human health,infrastructure,agricultural economy,and ecosystems(especially marine ecosystems).Advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing,climate models,and artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced their monitoring and prediction capabilities.However,effective responses still require a parallel strategy of mitigation and adaptation,and international cooperation is strengthened through the framework of the Paris Agreement.展开更多
Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effect...Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effects and flexible extensibility for visualization in HEP experiments.In this study,we present a VR-based method for detector and event displays in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)experiment.This method shares the same detector geometry descriptions and event data model as those in the offline software and provides the necessary data conversion interfaces.The VR methodology facilitates an immersive exploration of the virtual environment in JUNO,enabling users to investigate the detector geometry,visualize event data,and tune the detector simulation and event reconstruction algorithms.Additionally,this approach supports applications in data monitoring,physics data analysis,and public outreach initiatives.展开更多
The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a...The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.展开更多
Accurate identification of sediment sources and erosion hotspots is crucial for implementing targeted soil and water conservation measures.This study analyzed the temporal dynamics of sediment source contributions dur...Accurate identification of sediment sources and erosion hotspots is crucial for implementing targeted soil and water conservation measures.This study analyzed the temporal dynamics of sediment source contributions during seven rainfall events(A_(1)–A_(7))that generated both runoff and suspended sediment at the outlet of the Hantaichuan watershed,located in the wind–water erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau,China.A total of 82 suspended sediment samples were collected at the Xiangshawan hydrological station during 2021 and 2022.Additionally,145 soil samples were collected from three primary potential sources:sandy soil,loess soil,and Pisha sandstone.Mid-infrared(MIR)spectroscopy and geochemical fingerprinting were used to trace and quantify sediment sources.For MIRbased source apportionment,twelve predictive models were developed using partial least squares regression(PLSR)and support vector machine regression(SVMR)in combination with six spectral preprocessing techniques.The PLSR model with first-derivative Savitzky–Golay(SGD1)preprocessing achieved the best performance.Source apportionment results indicated that Pisha sandstone was the dominant sediment source(44.00%–72.23%),followed by sandy soil(14.23%–37.00%)and loess soil(10.01%–24.00%).Among the analyzed rainfall events,the contribution of Pisha sandstone was lowest in the small flow magnitude event A3(57.53%)and highest in the large flow magnitude event A6(63.48%),suggesting that sediment source composition was strongly controlled by rainfall event magnitude.Both MIR spectroscopic and geochemical fingerprinting methods showed high consistency,confirming MIR spectroscopy as a reliable,non-destructive,and cost-effective alternative for rapid sediment source apportionment and for supporting erosion control prioritization in highly erodible catchments.展开更多
This study examines a 1.32 m thick sediment sequence from the Cunge sag pond in the Litang Basin,eastern Tibetan Plateau,to assess the seismicity of the Litang fault during the Holocene.High-resolution geochemical,gra...This study examines a 1.32 m thick sediment sequence from the Cunge sag pond in the Litang Basin,eastern Tibetan Plateau,to assess the seismicity of the Litang fault during the Holocene.High-resolution geochemical,grain size,magnetic susceptibility,and total organic carbon indicators are employed to obtain a continuous record of changes in elemental,physical,and biological properties within the profile to identify seismic events.The seismic event layer generally comprises two sedimentary rhythms:a lower coarse sand layer and an upper fine silt-clay layer.These layers represent rapid deposition associated with fault activity(Earthquake A)and slower deposition during calm periods or earthquake recurrence intervals(Seismic interval A).Through six^(14)C dating,five seismic events have been identified in the Cunge sag pond section:E1(before 3955 a B.P.),E2(3713-3703 a B.P.),E3(3492-3392 a B.P.),E4(2031-1894 a B.P.),and E5(1384-1321 a B.P.).E1-E4 had shown a good consistency with the paleo-earthquake recorded by the trench,and whereas E5 is a newly identified seismic event,further improving the continuous earthquake sequence of the Litang fault.Based on existing trench data and the seismic event record from the Cunge sag pond,a total of 11 paleo-earthquakes are identified along the Litang fault since the Holocene.The paleo-earthquake activity of the Litang fault exhibits a clustered pattern,with recurrence intervals of both long periods(1000 a)and short periods(500 a).Since 5000 a,the interval between strong earthquake recurrences gradually decreases,indicating an increasing risk of strong earthquakes along the Litang fault.This study presents a continuous record of paleo-earthquakes along the Litang fault,eastern Tibetan Plateau,and can enhance the understanding of regional seismic activity.展开更多
Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spat...Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spatial distances.This study investigated ERE teleconnections in the YRB using the Event Synchronization(ES)method in combination with Complex Network(CN)theory.EREs in the YRB are significantly synchronized with other regions from regional to global scales.Additionally,high-resolution CMIP6 models in general show better skill in capturing these characteristics compared to low-resolution models.A further examination shows that the spatial synchronization patterns exhibit pronounced timescale dependence.Significant ERE synchronizations between the YRB and Europe were uncovered,where the YRB lags Eastern Europe by 3-5 days and Western Europe by 5-7 days,with Rossby wave propagation playing a key role.Wave trains from Europe propagate downstream along the Eurasian jet,inducing anomalous circulations over the YRB that enhance vertical upward motion and moisture transport,ultimately triggering EREs.Two distinct wave trains are observed:one is associated with Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization,occurring in the midlatitude region;the other is linked to Western Europe-YRB synchronization,positioned at higher latitudes.Notably,17.5%of Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization cases and 17.0%of Western Europe-YRB cases overlap.Quantitative analysis indicates that the synchronized events between Eastern(Western)Europe and the YRB account for roughly 28%(30%)of EREs in the YRB.These findings are critical for better understanding ERE mechanisms,offering guidance for forecasting and early warning capabilities for EREs in the YRB.展开更多
Recent studies have suggested that rapid warming over the Mongolian Plateau(MP)may intensify extreme heat events(EHEs).However,the characteristics and mechanisms driving summer EHEs over the MP(MP-EHEs)remain unclear....Recent studies have suggested that rapid warming over the Mongolian Plateau(MP)may intensify extreme heat events(EHEs).However,the characteristics and mechanisms driving summer EHEs over the MP(MP-EHEs)remain unclear.This study explores the interannual variations in summer MP-EHEs and their relationship with the summer soil moisture over the Inner Tibetan Plateau(TP-SM).The results reveal that changes in the MP-EHEs are linked to descending atmospheric motion induced by a local high-pressure system over the MP region.Descending motion further results in decreased mid-tolow-level cloud cover and increased shortwave radiation,thereby warming the surface and triggering summer MP-EHEs.Further analysis indicates that increased TP-SM results in a greater latent heat flux,triggering a local secondary circulation that reinforces the local high-pressure system over the MP region,thus serving to promote the occurrence of summer MPEHEs.Additionally,model results from the linear baroclinic model(LBM)and CMIP6 further confirm that variations in summer TP-SM contribute to the occurrence of the MP-EHEs.展开更多
Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
On a summer morning in Boqiang Village,tucked beneath the emerald mountains of Fanshi County,Shanxi Province,the Ultra Trail Mount Wutai2025 commenced with the sound of the starting pistol-an event that was much more ...On a summer morning in Boqiang Village,tucked beneath the emerald mountains of Fanshi County,Shanxi Province,the Ultra Trail Mount Wutai2025 commenced with the sound of the starting pistol-an event that was much more than just a competition.As soon as the colorful smoke bombs lit up the sky,some2,000 runners from China and abroad set off to reach one of the country's most sacred Buddhist peaks.Over the past decade,this race has become a fixture on the global running calendar and a symbol of the growing popularity of endurance sports.展开更多
The healthcare field is fraught with challenges associated with severe class imbalance,wherein such critical conditions like sepsis,cardiac arrest,and drug adverse reactions are rare but have dire clinical consequence...The healthcare field is fraught with challenges associated with severe class imbalance,wherein such critical conditions like sepsis,cardiac arrest,and drug adverse reactions are rare but have dire clinical consequences.This paper presents a new framework,Deep Reinforcement Adaptive Gradient Optimization Network to Mining Rare Events(DRAGON-MINE),to demonstrate how deep reinforcement learning can be used synergistically with adaptive gradient optimization and address the inherent weaknesses of current methods in the prediction of rare health events.The suggested architecture uses a dual-pathway consisting of a reinforcement learning agent to dynamically reweigh samples and an adaptive gradient optimizer to follow novel learning rates.With extensive experiments on the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD datasets,DRAGON-MINE consistently outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods for sepsis,cardiac arrest,and adverse drug reaction prediction,achieving AUROC values of 92.3%and 91.6%for sepsis prediction on MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD,respectively,while consistently outperforming Transformer-,CNN-RNN-,and Fed-Ensemble-based methods across all evaluated tasks and datasets,with particularly strong gains observed in precision-recall performance under severe class imbalance.With its high sensitivity(88.4%)and specificity(90.2%),DRAGON-MINE enables reliable early warning of rare clinical events in critical care settings while minimizing false alarms,supporting safer clinical decision support systems,and demonstrating strong potential for scalable deployment across multi-institutional intensive care environments through federated learning.展开更多
We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties i...We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies the problem of stealthy attacks targeting stochastic event-based estimation,alongside proposing measures for their mitigation.A general attack framework is introduced,and the correspond...Dear Editor,This letter studies the problem of stealthy attacks targeting stochastic event-based estimation,alongside proposing measures for their mitigation.A general attack framework is introduced,and the corresponding stealthiness condition is analyzed.To enhance system security,we advocate for a single-dimensional encryption method,showing that securing a singular data element is sufficient to shield the system from the perils of stealthy attacks.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the J...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.展开更多
In the summer of 2024, following a strong El Ni?o event in the preceding winter, the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic recorded their highest SSTs since 1961, along with a significant westward shift an...In the summer of 2024, following a strong El Ni?o event in the preceding winter, the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic recorded their highest SSTs since 1961, along with a significant westward shift and intensification of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH). Under these conditions, China experienced its hottest summer since 1961,and was hit by a series of high-impact extreme weather and climate events. From 9 June to 2 July, southern China experienced an unprecedented extreme precipitation event that exceeded the well-known 1998 summer precipitation event in both duration and impact scope, resulting in devastating floods in the Yangtze River basin. Subsequently, in early to midJuly, the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin suffered from a severe drought–flood abrupt alternation event, heavily affecting Henan and Shandong. Meanwhile, southern China underwent a widespread heatwave event lasting 74 days, ranking as the second most intense since 1961. From late July to the end of August, northern China faced unusually frequent heavy precipitation events, with cumulative precipitation reaching the second highest for the same period since 1961, causing floods in many rivers of northern China. This study provides a timely summary and assessment of the characteristics and impacts of these extreme events. It serves as a reference for climate change research, including mechanism analysis, numerical simulation,and climate event attribution, and also offers valuable insights for improving meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.展开更多
This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions...This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions between “change” and “stasis”. Using a corpus-based approach, the analysis covers the semantic and syntactic features of “V + Dào” constructions and their event integration patterns. The findings highlight the distribution of agency, animacy, and support relations in state change events, emphasizing the complex interaction of internal and external event integrations and their correlation with the conceptual primitives of change and transition. This study offers insights into the lexicalization and grammaticalization processes of the “V + Dào” construction, and potentially the broader verb-complement constructions in Mandarin.展开更多
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)is a genetic cardiomyopathy.It is characterized by intensely developed trabeculae in the ventricles with deep intertrabecular lacunae.LVNC manifests as arrhythmias and he...BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)is a genetic cardiomyopathy.It is characterized by intensely developed trabeculae in the ventricles with deep intertrabecular lacunae.LVNC manifests as arrhythmias and heart failure with a predisposition for thrombus formation.AIM To study predictors of arrhythmic,thromboembolic events and adverse outcomes(death/transplantation)in adult patients with LVNC.METHODS Adult patients with LVNC were included(n=125;mean follow-up:14 months).Electrocardiography,echocardiography,and 24-hour electrocardiography monitoring were performed.Other procedures were conducted for some patients including:Coronary angiography;cardiac magnetic resonance imaging;cardiac computed tomography;genetic testing;myocardial pathological examination;and anti-cardiac antibody level estimation.Primary endpoints were death,heart transplantation,combined endpoint(death+transplantation),and sudden cardiac death.Secondary endpoints were intracardiac thrombosis,embolic events,myocardial infarction,sustained ventricular tachycardia(VT),and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator intervention.RESULTS LVNC manifestations included non-sustained VT,thrombosis/embolism,sustained VT, and sudden cardiac death. Non-sustained VT was associated with the New York Heart Association(NYHA) chronic heart failure (CHF) class, poor R-wave progression, superimposed myocarditis, and highermortality. Thrombosis/embolism was associated with NYHA CHF class ≥ 3, right ventricular end-diastolicdiameter ≥ 3 cm, right atrium volume ≥ 67 mL, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter ≥ 6.3 cm, and velocity timeintegral ≤ 11.2 cm. Sustained VT was associated with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), low QRS voltage,and atrioventricular block. PVCs > 500/day were predictive of defibrillator intervention. Fatal outcomes wereassociated with E wave/A wave ratio > 1.9, left ventricle ejection fraction < 35%, NYHA CHF class ≥ 3, VT, andmyocarditis.CONCLUSIONFrequent PVCs, non-sustained VT, low QRS voltage, and signs of systolic dysfunction on echocardiogram arepredictors of life-threatening events in patients with LVNC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)face a heightened risk of future cardiovascular events.It is therefore important to stratify these patients according to their future cardiovascular event risk to...BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)face a heightened risk of future cardiovascular events.It is therefore important to stratify these patients according to their future cardiovascular event risk to allow early intervention and improve prognosis.Recent proposals have indicated that nontraditional lipoprotein ratios may be superior predictors of cardiovascular events compared to traditional lipid parameters.However,further evidence is required for widespread clinical ap-plication.AIM To elucidate the associations of nontraditional lipoprotein ratios with future cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.METHODS This study performed post-hoc analysis of data obtained during a clinical trial involving 10182 participants.To ascertain the correlations between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and future cardiovascular events,including major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and congestive heart failure(CHF).We employed univariable and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models.Potential dose-response relationships and threshold values were explored by conducting restricted cubic spline analyses and two-piecewise linear regression models.Possible relevant interactions influencing independent relationships were tested using subgroup and interaction analyses.RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors,all nontraditional lipoprotein ratios studied were strongly associated with MACE risk in patients with T2DM.In comparison with patients in the lowest quartile,the hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)of those in the highest quartile were 1.50(1.29-1.73),1.51(1.30-1.74),1.50(1.29-1.73),and 1.30(1.12-1.50)for total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C,non-HDL-C/HDL-C,and remnant cholesterol/HDL-C,respectively.Similar findings were noted for CHF.Dose-response relationships between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and MACE were observed,with threshold values of 7.29,6.29,and 2.15 for total cholesterol/HDL-C,non-HDL-C/HDL-C,and remnant cholesterol/HDL-C,respectively.However,no notable dose-response relationships were detected between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and CHF.CONCLUSION Elevated nontraditional lipoprotein ratios may independently predict the risk of MACE and CHF in patients with T2DM.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206605,No.2021YFC3201102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971035。
文摘Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.
文摘Objective:Artemether is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and is widely used in the treatment of Plasmodium(P.)falciparum malaria.This study aimed to characterize the safety profile of artemether based on 15-year data retrived from FDA adverse event reporting system(FAERS).Methods:This is a retrospective analysis on 15-year data of artemether-related adverse effects(AEs)retrieved from the FAERS.AEs were classified according to System Organ Class(SOC)and Preferred Terms(PT).Signal detection was performed using Reporting Odds Ratios(ROR),Proportional Reporting Ratios(PRR),and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean(EBGM).Stratified analyses examined the impact of demographic factors such as sex,age,and time-to-onset.Temporal patterns and associated risk factors were also investigated.Results:Haemolytic anaemia and haemolysis emerged as the most frequently reported AEs,exhibiting significantly elevated RORs(males:ROR 381.36,95%CI 247.06-588.60;females:ROR 455.11,95%CI 286.43-723.12).Sex-specific differences were evident,with females showing a higher incidence of reproductive-related AEs,including spontaneous abortion and premature labour.Temporal trend analysis revealed that the majority of AEs occurred within the first 30 days after the initiation of artemether administration,indicating a rapid onset.The most affected SOCs were blood and lymphatic system disorders and hepatobiliary disorders.Conclusions:Artemether is associated with a notable frequency of early-onset AEs,particularly hematological and hepatobiliary disorders.The observed sex-specific vulnerability to reproductive AEs highlights the need for sex-conscious clinical approaches.Enhanced post-treatment monitoring and further investigations into the drug’s pharmacokinetics and mechanistic pathways are recommended.
基金Supported by the School-level Project of Sichuan Minzu College(XYZB2017ZB).
文摘This study takes"ocean heat waves"as a typical case to study the scientific definition,driving mechanisms,multi-dimensional impacts,and response strategies of extreme climate events.The definition of extreme events requires a comprehensive consideration of statistical thresholds and social impacts.It is mainly driven by global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases,and is also influenced by the interaction of natural variations such as ENSO.Extreme events cause systematic and cascading impacts on human health,infrastructure,agricultural economy,and ecosystems(especially marine ecosystems).Advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing,climate models,and artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced their monitoring and prediction capabilities.However,effective responses still require a parallel strategy of mitigation and adaptation,and international cooperation is strengthened through the framework of the Paris Agreement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175321,W2443004,11975021,11675275,U1932101)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA10010900)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1606000 and 2020YFA0406400)National College Students Science and Technology Innovation ProjectUndergraduate Base Scientific Research Project of Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effects and flexible extensibility for visualization in HEP experiments.In this study,we present a VR-based method for detector and event displays in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)experiment.This method shares the same detector geometry descriptions and event data model as those in the offline software and provides the necessary data conversion interfaces.The VR methodology facilitates an immersive exploration of the virtual environment in JUNO,enabling users to investigate the detector geometry,visualize event data,and tune the detector simulation and event reconstruction algorithms.Additionally,this approach supports applications in data monitoring,physics data analysis,and public outreach initiatives.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA1610700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12475147)。
文摘The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.
基金supported by the National Key Scientific Research Project(Grant No.2023YFC3209303)jointly funded by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42577406 and 42077076)the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Yellow River Water Science Research Joint Fund(Grant No.U2243211).
文摘Accurate identification of sediment sources and erosion hotspots is crucial for implementing targeted soil and water conservation measures.This study analyzed the temporal dynamics of sediment source contributions during seven rainfall events(A_(1)–A_(7))that generated both runoff and suspended sediment at the outlet of the Hantaichuan watershed,located in the wind–water erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau,China.A total of 82 suspended sediment samples were collected at the Xiangshawan hydrological station during 2021 and 2022.Additionally,145 soil samples were collected from three primary potential sources:sandy soil,loess soil,and Pisha sandstone.Mid-infrared(MIR)spectroscopy and geochemical fingerprinting were used to trace and quantify sediment sources.For MIRbased source apportionment,twelve predictive models were developed using partial least squares regression(PLSR)and support vector machine regression(SVMR)in combination with six spectral preprocessing techniques.The PLSR model with first-derivative Savitzky–Golay(SGD1)preprocessing achieved the best performance.Source apportionment results indicated that Pisha sandstone was the dominant sediment source(44.00%–72.23%),followed by sandy soil(14.23%–37.00%)and loess soil(10.01%–24.00%).Among the analyzed rainfall events,the contribution of Pisha sandstone was lowest in the small flow magnitude event A3(57.53%)and highest in the large flow magnitude event A6(63.48%),suggesting that sediment source composition was strongly controlled by rainfall event magnitude.Both MIR spectroscopic and geochemical fingerprinting methods showed high consistency,confirming MIR spectroscopy as a reliable,non-destructive,and cost-effective alternative for rapid sediment source apportionment and for supporting erosion control prioritization in highly erodible catchments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202131 and 42177184).
文摘This study examines a 1.32 m thick sediment sequence from the Cunge sag pond in the Litang Basin,eastern Tibetan Plateau,to assess the seismicity of the Litang fault during the Holocene.High-resolution geochemical,grain size,magnetic susceptibility,and total organic carbon indicators are employed to obtain a continuous record of changes in elemental,physical,and biological properties within the profile to identify seismic events.The seismic event layer generally comprises two sedimentary rhythms:a lower coarse sand layer and an upper fine silt-clay layer.These layers represent rapid deposition associated with fault activity(Earthquake A)and slower deposition during calm periods or earthquake recurrence intervals(Seismic interval A).Through six^(14)C dating,five seismic events have been identified in the Cunge sag pond section:E1(before 3955 a B.P.),E2(3713-3703 a B.P.),E3(3492-3392 a B.P.),E4(2031-1894 a B.P.),and E5(1384-1321 a B.P.).E1-E4 had shown a good consistency with the paleo-earthquake recorded by the trench,and whereas E5 is a newly identified seismic event,further improving the continuous earthquake sequence of the Litang fault.Based on existing trench data and the seismic event record from the Cunge sag pond,a total of 11 paleo-earthquakes are identified along the Litang fault since the Holocene.The paleo-earthquake activity of the Litang fault exhibits a clustered pattern,with recurrence intervals of both long periods(1000 a)and short periods(500 a).Since 5000 a,the interval between strong earthquake recurrences gradually decreases,indicating an increasing risk of strong earthquakes along the Litang fault.This study presents a continuous record of paleo-earthquakes along the Litang fault,eastern Tibetan Plateau,and can enhance the understanding of regional seismic activity.
基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2023B1515020084)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42175068, 42475057, and 42261144687)
文摘Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spatial distances.This study investigated ERE teleconnections in the YRB using the Event Synchronization(ES)method in combination with Complex Network(CN)theory.EREs in the YRB are significantly synchronized with other regions from regional to global scales.Additionally,high-resolution CMIP6 models in general show better skill in capturing these characteristics compared to low-resolution models.A further examination shows that the spatial synchronization patterns exhibit pronounced timescale dependence.Significant ERE synchronizations between the YRB and Europe were uncovered,where the YRB lags Eastern Europe by 3-5 days and Western Europe by 5-7 days,with Rossby wave propagation playing a key role.Wave trains from Europe propagate downstream along the Eurasian jet,inducing anomalous circulations over the YRB that enhance vertical upward motion and moisture transport,ultimately triggering EREs.Two distinct wave trains are observed:one is associated with Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization,occurring in the midlatitude region;the other is linked to Western Europe-YRB synchronization,positioned at higher latitudes.Notably,17.5%of Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization cases and 17.0%of Western Europe-YRB cases overlap.Quantitative analysis indicates that the synchronized events between Eastern(Western)Europe and the YRB account for roughly 28%(30%)of EREs in the YRB.These findings are critical for better understanding ERE mechanisms,offering guidance for forecasting and early warning capabilities for EREs in the YRB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42288101)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand No.42505018)the Shanghai“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Venus Project(Grant No.23YF1437300)。
文摘Recent studies have suggested that rapid warming over the Mongolian Plateau(MP)may intensify extreme heat events(EHEs).However,the characteristics and mechanisms driving summer EHEs over the MP(MP-EHEs)remain unclear.This study explores the interannual variations in summer MP-EHEs and their relationship with the summer soil moisture over the Inner Tibetan Plateau(TP-SM).The results reveal that changes in the MP-EHEs are linked to descending atmospheric motion induced by a local high-pressure system over the MP region.Descending motion further results in decreased mid-tolow-level cloud cover and increased shortwave radiation,thereby warming the surface and triggering summer MP-EHEs.Further analysis indicates that increased TP-SM results in a greater latent heat flux,triggering a local secondary circulation that reinforces the local high-pressure system over the MP region,thus serving to promote the occurrence of summer MPEHEs.Additionally,model results from the linear baroclinic model(LBM)and CMIP6 further confirm that variations in summer TP-SM contribute to the occurrence of the MP-EHEs.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘On a summer morning in Boqiang Village,tucked beneath the emerald mountains of Fanshi County,Shanxi Province,the Ultra Trail Mount Wutai2025 commenced with the sound of the starting pistol-an event that was much more than just a competition.As soon as the colorful smoke bombs lit up the sky,some2,000 runners from China and abroad set off to reach one of the country's most sacred Buddhist peaks.Over the past decade,this race has become a fixture on the global running calendar and a symbol of the growing popularity of endurance sports.
文摘The healthcare field is fraught with challenges associated with severe class imbalance,wherein such critical conditions like sepsis,cardiac arrest,and drug adverse reactions are rare but have dire clinical consequences.This paper presents a new framework,Deep Reinforcement Adaptive Gradient Optimization Network to Mining Rare Events(DRAGON-MINE),to demonstrate how deep reinforcement learning can be used synergistically with adaptive gradient optimization and address the inherent weaknesses of current methods in the prediction of rare health events.The suggested architecture uses a dual-pathway consisting of a reinforcement learning agent to dynamically reweigh samples and an adaptive gradient optimizer to follow novel learning rates.With extensive experiments on the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD datasets,DRAGON-MINE consistently outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods for sepsis,cardiac arrest,and adverse drug reaction prediction,achieving AUROC values of 92.3%and 91.6%for sepsis prediction on MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD,respectively,while consistently outperforming Transformer-,CNN-RNN-,and Fed-Ensemble-based methods across all evaluated tasks and datasets,with particularly strong gains observed in precision-recall performance under severe class imbalance.With its high sensitivity(88.4%)and specificity(90.2%),DRAGON-MINE enables reliable early warning of rare clinical events in critical care settings while minimizing false alarms,supporting safer clinical decision support systems,and demonstrating strong potential for scalable deployment across multi-institutional intensive care environments through federated learning.
文摘We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303353,62273030,62573320)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies the problem of stealthy attacks targeting stochastic event-based estimation,alongside proposing measures for their mitigation.A general attack framework is introduced,and the corresponding stealthiness condition is analyzed.To enhance system security,we advocate for a single-dimensional encryption method,showing that securing a singular data element is sufficient to shield the system from the perils of stealthy attacks.
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42005029 and 41701103)the China Meteorological Administration Special Foundation for Innovation and Development (Grant No.CXFZ2024Q007)。
文摘In the summer of 2024, following a strong El Ni?o event in the preceding winter, the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic recorded their highest SSTs since 1961, along with a significant westward shift and intensification of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH). Under these conditions, China experienced its hottest summer since 1961,and was hit by a series of high-impact extreme weather and climate events. From 9 June to 2 July, southern China experienced an unprecedented extreme precipitation event that exceeded the well-known 1998 summer precipitation event in both duration and impact scope, resulting in devastating floods in the Yangtze River basin. Subsequently, in early to midJuly, the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin suffered from a severe drought–flood abrupt alternation event, heavily affecting Henan and Shandong. Meanwhile, southern China underwent a widespread heatwave event lasting 74 days, ranking as the second most intense since 1961. From late July to the end of August, northern China faced unusually frequent heavy precipitation events, with cumulative precipitation reaching the second highest for the same period since 1961, causing floods in many rivers of northern China. This study provides a timely summary and assessment of the characteristics and impacts of these extreme events. It serves as a reference for climate change research, including mechanism analysis, numerical simulation,and climate event attribution, and also offers valuable insights for improving meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.
文摘This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions between “change” and “stasis”. Using a corpus-based approach, the analysis covers the semantic and syntactic features of “V + Dào” constructions and their event integration patterns. The findings highlight the distribution of agency, animacy, and support relations in state change events, emphasizing the complex interaction of internal and external event integrations and their correlation with the conceptual primitives of change and transition. This study offers insights into the lexicalization and grammaticalization processes of the “V + Dào” construction, and potentially the broader verb-complement constructions in Mandarin.
文摘BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)is a genetic cardiomyopathy.It is characterized by intensely developed trabeculae in the ventricles with deep intertrabecular lacunae.LVNC manifests as arrhythmias and heart failure with a predisposition for thrombus formation.AIM To study predictors of arrhythmic,thromboembolic events and adverse outcomes(death/transplantation)in adult patients with LVNC.METHODS Adult patients with LVNC were included(n=125;mean follow-up:14 months).Electrocardiography,echocardiography,and 24-hour electrocardiography monitoring were performed.Other procedures were conducted for some patients including:Coronary angiography;cardiac magnetic resonance imaging;cardiac computed tomography;genetic testing;myocardial pathological examination;and anti-cardiac antibody level estimation.Primary endpoints were death,heart transplantation,combined endpoint(death+transplantation),and sudden cardiac death.Secondary endpoints were intracardiac thrombosis,embolic events,myocardial infarction,sustained ventricular tachycardia(VT),and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator intervention.RESULTS LVNC manifestations included non-sustained VT,thrombosis/embolism,sustained VT, and sudden cardiac death. Non-sustained VT was associated with the New York Heart Association(NYHA) chronic heart failure (CHF) class, poor R-wave progression, superimposed myocarditis, and highermortality. Thrombosis/embolism was associated with NYHA CHF class ≥ 3, right ventricular end-diastolicdiameter ≥ 3 cm, right atrium volume ≥ 67 mL, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter ≥ 6.3 cm, and velocity timeintegral ≤ 11.2 cm. Sustained VT was associated with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), low QRS voltage,and atrioventricular block. PVCs > 500/day were predictive of defibrillator intervention. Fatal outcomes wereassociated with E wave/A wave ratio > 1.9, left ventricle ejection fraction < 35%, NYHA CHF class ≥ 3, VT, andmyocarditis.CONCLUSIONFrequent PVCs, non-sustained VT, low QRS voltage, and signs of systolic dysfunction on echocardiogram arepredictors of life-threatening events in patients with LVNC.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)face a heightened risk of future cardiovascular events.It is therefore important to stratify these patients according to their future cardiovascular event risk to allow early intervention and improve prognosis.Recent proposals have indicated that nontraditional lipoprotein ratios may be superior predictors of cardiovascular events compared to traditional lipid parameters.However,further evidence is required for widespread clinical ap-plication.AIM To elucidate the associations of nontraditional lipoprotein ratios with future cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.METHODS This study performed post-hoc analysis of data obtained during a clinical trial involving 10182 participants.To ascertain the correlations between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and future cardiovascular events,including major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and congestive heart failure(CHF).We employed univariable and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models.Potential dose-response relationships and threshold values were explored by conducting restricted cubic spline analyses and two-piecewise linear regression models.Possible relevant interactions influencing independent relationships were tested using subgroup and interaction analyses.RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors,all nontraditional lipoprotein ratios studied were strongly associated with MACE risk in patients with T2DM.In comparison with patients in the lowest quartile,the hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)of those in the highest quartile were 1.50(1.29-1.73),1.51(1.30-1.74),1.50(1.29-1.73),and 1.30(1.12-1.50)for total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C,non-HDL-C/HDL-C,and remnant cholesterol/HDL-C,respectively.Similar findings were noted for CHF.Dose-response relationships between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and MACE were observed,with threshold values of 7.29,6.29,and 2.15 for total cholesterol/HDL-C,non-HDL-C/HDL-C,and remnant cholesterol/HDL-C,respectively.However,no notable dose-response relationships were detected between nontraditional lipoprotein ratios and CHF.CONCLUSION Elevated nontraditional lipoprotein ratios may independently predict the risk of MACE and CHF in patients with T2DM.
