As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD g...As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD genes in various taxa of algae,and the specific functions and evolutionary patterns of these family members remain unclear.In this study,comprehensively evolutionary analysis of SOD gene family in the bladed Bangiales was carried out.A total of 9,10,and 12 SOD genes were identified from three species of Pophyra umbilicalis,Pyropia haitanensis,and Pyropia yezoensis,respectively.Based on phylogenetic analysis,SOD gene members within the same subfamily exhibited similar motif patterns as well as conserved domains,which could be attribute to Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe/Mn-SOD.The promoter regions of SOD genes were rich in hormone-responsive,stress-responsive,and growth cis-acting elements,with variations and similarities observed among different species of other red algae and subfamilies.According to subcellular location prediction,it is suggested that Cu/Zn-SOD was predominantly located in chloroplasts,while Fe/Mn-SOD was primarily located in mitochondria.Also,the two subfamilies differed significantly in the two-/three-dimensional protein structures.In terms of gene evolution,the strongest collinearity relationship was shown between Pyropia haitanensis and Pyropia yezoensis,with all the 1꞉1 orthologous gene pair being subjected to a purifying selection(Ka/Ks<1,Ka:non-synonymy rate;Ks:synonymy rate).Moreover,12 SOD genes underwent positive selection during the evolutionary process.Furthermore,gene expression analysis based on transcriptomic data from Pyropia haitanensis showed that the expression patterns of SOD genes varied under different stress conditions.Together,this study revealed the evolutionary pattern of SOD genes in three bladed Bangiales species,which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the function of SOD genes.展开更多
[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide...[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds.展开更多
The gene sod in Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans may play a crucial role in its tolerance to the extremely acidic, toxic and oxidative environment of bioleaching. For insight into the anti-toxic mechanism of the bacteria...The gene sod in Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans may play a crucial role in its tolerance to the extremely acidic, toxic and oxidative environment of bioleaching. For insight into the anti-toxic mechanism of the bacteria, a three-dimensional （3D） molecular structure of the protein encoded by this gene was built by homology modeling techniques, refined by molecular dynamics simulations, assessed by PROFILE-3D and PROSTAT programs and its key residues were further detected by evolutionary trace analysis. Through these procedures, some trace residues were identified and spatially clustered. Among them, the residues of Asn38, Glyl03 and Glul61 are randomly scattered throughout the mapped structure; interestingly, the other residues are all distinctly clustered in a subgroup near Fe atom. From these results, this gene can be confirmed at 3D level to encode the Fe-depending superoxide dismutase and subsequently play an anti-toxic role. Furthermore, the detected key residues around Fe binding site can be conjectured to be directly responsible for Fe binding and catalytic function.展开更多
One of the major classes of antioxidant enzymes, which protect the cellular and subcellular components against harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), is superoxide dismutase (SOD). SODs play pivotal role in scavenging...One of the major classes of antioxidant enzymes, which protect the cellular and subcellular components against harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), is superoxide dismutase (SOD). SODs play pivotal role in scavenging highly reactive free oxygen radicals and protecting cells from toxic effects. In Oryza sativa three types of SODs are available based on their metal content viz. Cu-Zn SOD, Mn SOD and Fe SOD. In the present study attempts were made to critically assess the structure and phylogenetic relationship among Oryza sativa SODs. The sequence similarity search using local BLAST shows that Mn SODs and Fe SODs have greater degree of similarity compared with that of Cu-Zn SODs. The multiple alignment reveals that seven amino acids were found to be totally conserved. The secondary structure shows that Mn SODs and Fe SODs have similar helixes, sheets, turns and coils compared with that of Cu-Zn SODs. The comparative analysis also displayed greater resemblance in primary, secondary and tertiary structures of Fe SODs and Mn SODs. Comparison between the structure and sequence analysis reveals that Mn SOD and Fe SOD are found to be closely related whereas Cu-Zn SOD evolves independently.展开更多
The binding pursuits of trans-resveratrol(t-RSV),an amazing health supplement are investigated with an antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase(SOD1).The aim of the study is to dock t-RSV on the adrenaline binding site...The binding pursuits of trans-resveratrol(t-RSV),an amazing health supplement are investigated with an antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase(SOD1).The aim of the study is to dock t-RSV on the adrenaline binding site on SOD1 in order to explore its potential to act as a safety net against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons.In silico GLIDE docking methodology and in vitro microcalorimetry technique is utilized for the investigation of binding parameters of t-RSV with SOD1.The study provides useful and distinct information about the amino acids involved in the interactions at molecular level along with the nature of forces involved in binding of t-RSV with SOD1.The docking analysis using the scoring functions of Schrodinger’s Glide package depicts that GLU100,PRO28,LYS23,TRP32 residues of the peptide backbone on SOD1 interact with phenolic groups of t-RSV.The information on thermodynamic parameters,i.e.binding constant(Kb),free energy(△G)and enthalpy(△H)generated through calorimetric titrations suggests that the reaction between t-RSV and SOD1 is spontaneous and exothermic.Both the studies are found to be in close agreement with each other based as far as the magnitude of binding constant(Kb=9.9×10^4)is concerned.展开更多
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves ...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.展开更多
[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedl...[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimen...[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.展开更多
[Objective] TO study the combined extracting process of porcine blood superoxide dismutase （SOD） and other bioactive substances and thus to provide technical basis for making full use of blood resources and large-sc...[Objective] TO study the combined extracting process of porcine blood superoxide dismutase （SOD） and other bioactive substances and thus to provide technical basis for making full use of blood resources and large-scale production of SOD. [Method] Fibronectin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin were isolated from porcine blood, and SOD was extracted. Trace pyrogallol self-oxidation method to determine SOD activity was modified by optimizing the volume of pyrogallol and SOD samples, reaction temperature, and buffer pH. The specific activity of SOD was determined with the optimized extraction conditions. [ Result] The improved experimental conditions of SOD activity detection were as follows： 7 pyrogallol （50 mmol/L）, 3 ml Tris-HCI （50 mmol/L, pH 8.2）, reactive temperature at 25（3, and 10 pl SOD sample solution. The specific activity of extracted SOD was 5 056 U/mg protein. [ Conclusion] Four kinds of bioactive substance can be isolated from porcine blood by modern biological engi- neering integration technology, and the extracted SOD has better activity.展开更多
Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fi...Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms.The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%,104%,108%,112%,and 116% for 42 d.Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues.Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate.Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups.SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues,according to time of exposure and TDGS levels.The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue.Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River,and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.展开更多
Superoxide dismutases(SODs) were purified to homogeneity from Allium Sativum by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose(DE52) and Sephadex G-75. Based on sodium dodecyl su...Superoxide dismutases(SODs) were purified to homogeneity from Allium Sativum by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose(DE52) and Sephadex G-75. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate\|polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-AGE), Allium Sativum is predicted to contain four SODs. The molecular weights of the native SODs are 41 3 kD, 37 0 kD, 35 2 kD and 31 0 kD, which consist of subunits of 20 7 kD, 18 4 kD, 17 7 kD and 15 4 kD respectively. Because of their specific sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, cyanogens potassium and chloroform\|alcohol, the SODs in Allium Sativum appear to be Cu, Zn-SOD isoenzymes. The isoelectric analysis indicates that three of the four isoenzymes are acidic proteins with isoelectric points at pH 3 5, 3 7 and 4 0, respectively, and the fourth one is a basic protein with isoeletric point at pH 8 5.展开更多
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we repor...Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we report the responses of cytosolic SOD (cSOD; sodCc1 and sodCc2) and cytosolic APX (cAPX; OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) genes to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice. RNA blot analyses revealed that methyl viologen treatment caused a more prominent induction of cAPXs compared with cSODs, and hydrogen peroxide treatment induced the expression of cAPXs whereas cSODs were not affected. These results suggest that cAPXs play more important roles in defense against oxidative stress compared with cSODs. It is noted that cSODs and cAPXs showed coordinate response to abscisic acid treatment which induced both sodCc1 and OsAPX2. However, cSODs and cAPXs responded differentially to drought, salt and chilling stress, which indicates that cSOD and cAPX genes are expressed differentially in response to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice.展开更多
Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research.Sin...Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research.Since the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993,the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened,improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.In this review,we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.Literature has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations.We thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype correlation.Such a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes,which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic mutations.Cognition in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors,including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.展开更多
AIM： To test whether antioxidant treatment could prevent the progression of Barrett＇s esophagus to adenocarcinoma. METHODS： In a rat model of gastroduodenoesophageal reflux by esophagojejunal anastomosis with gastr...AIM： To test whether antioxidant treatment could prevent the progression of Barrett＇s esophagus to adenocarcinoma. METHODS： In a rat model of gastroduodenoesophageal reflux by esophagojejunal anastomosis with gastric preservation, groups of 6-10 rats were randomized to receive treatment with superoxide dismutase （SOD） or vehicle and followed up for 4 too. Rat＇s esophagus was assessed by histological analysis, superoxide anion and peroxinitrite generation, SOD levels and DNA oxidative damage. RESULTS： All rats undergoing esophagojejunostomy developed extensive esophageal mucosal ulceration and inflammation by mo 4. The process was associated with a progressive presence of intestinal metaplasia beyond the anastomotic area （9% 1st mo and 50% 4th too） （94% at the anastomotic level） and adenocarcinoma （11% 1^ST mo and 60% 4th too）. These changes were associated with superoxide anion and peroxinitrite mucosal generation, an early and significant increase of DNA oxidative damage and a significant decrease in SOD levels （P〈0.05）. Exogenous administration of SOD decreased mucosal superoxide levels, increased mucosal SOD levels and reduced the risk of developing intestinal metaplasia beyond the anastomotic area （odds ratio = 0.326; 95%CI： 0.108-0.981; P = 0.046）, and esophageal adenocarcinoma （odds ratio = 0.243; 95%CI： 0.073-0.804; P = 0.021）. CONCLUSION： Superoxide dismutase prevents the progression of esophagitis to Barrett＇s esophagus and adenocarcinoma in this rat model of gastrointestinal reflux, supporting a role of antioxidants in the chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Cerium oxide-based nanozymes have recently drawn much attention in the field of biomedical and antioxidant applications,because of their unique regenerative or autocatalytic properties.Herein,we studied the biomimetic...Cerium oxide-based nanozymes have recently drawn much attention in the field of biomedical and antioxidant applications,because of their unique regenerative or autocatalytic properties.Herein,we studied the biomimetic superoxide dismutase(SOD)nanozymes CeO_(2)-Gd that combines the fluorescence properties of rare earth Gd with the antioxidant properties of CeO_(2)nanoparticles,which was prepared via facile route.The structure and composition of the CeO_(2)-Gd were measured and verified by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and X-ray electron spectroscopy(XPS).Confocal microscopy was used to image cells.Antioxidant performance and cell viability of these nanozymes were measured in vitro using BGC-803 cell.CeO_(2)-Gd nanozymes with a higher Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)ratio show higher superoxide dismutase(SOD)mimetic activity.Their antioxidant activity and fluorescence properties of CeO_(2)-Gd in BGC-803 cancer cells are enhanced by oxygen vacancies generated by doping rare-earth elements Gd.This work may guide the future design of CeO_(2)-Gd-based biomimetic nanozymes for anticancer and antioxidant applications.展开更多
Mammalian cells express two isoforms of Cu- and Zn-containing superoxide dismutases（SODs）, CuZn-SOD and extracellular SOD（EC-SOD）, involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species（ROS）. The two SOD...Mammalian cells express two isoforms of Cu- and Zn-containing superoxide dismutases（SODs）, CuZn-SOD and extracellular SOD（EC-SOD）, involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species（ROS）. The two SODs have structurally homologous centre domain with distinct N- and C-terminuses, resulting in the different characteristics of the structure and function of the two molecules. We generated a hybrid SOD molecule（namely hy- SOD） via replacing the N- and C-terminuses of hCuZnSOD with the counterparts of hEC-SOD. The hySOD was expressed in host Pichia pastoris and the purified protein was a dimer with a molecular weight of about 34000. A series of activity analyses indicates that the hySOD is similar to hEC-SOD in heat-stability, and has the activity of protecting the host cell against heat shock and oxidative stress. Our results show evidence for the study on the compound activity of multiple SOD molecules, and may be important for understanding the relationship between structure and function of hEC-SOD and hCuZnSOD.展开更多
Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study...Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study is designed to measure the level of uric acids and find out the relationship of uric acid with superoxide dismutase in induced hyperuricemic model. Forty male albino rats with an average weight of 180 ± 2 g were selected. The rats were grouped. The animals were fed on standard diet and given tap water ad libitum until treatment. Albino rats were divided into four groups. Group A(10)-control given only standard diet, group B(10) fed on 60% fructose with standard diet , group C(10) fed on fructose, standard diet and intraperitonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg and group D (10) only on injection intraperotonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg. At the end of study 10 mL of blood was drawn from heart of rats. Then blood was estimated for superoxide dismutase and uric acids done by kit methods randox-manual/Rx monza UA230/UA 233. Results: In Group C superoxide dismutase was found to be 32 % (244 mg/dL ± 2.23) more than control. In the same group the uric acid concentration was highly significantly correlated with control. Conclusion: The uric acid concentration increases when we take fructose up to 60% in our diet. It also increases superoxide dismutase concentration. More than this value may have inverse effect on the uric acid level and its role as an antioxidant may become inversed.展开更多
Plants produce reactive oxygen species(ROS) to defend pathogens. To counteract this attack, certain pathogens express superoxide dismutases(SODs) to scavenge host-derived ROS. However, the roles of SODs in Verticilliu...Plants produce reactive oxygen species(ROS) to defend pathogens. To counteract this attack, certain pathogens express superoxide dismutases(SODs) to scavenge host-derived ROS. However, the roles of SODs in Verticillium dahliae, an important vascular pathogen, are not clear. Our previous study has shown that a putative extracellular SOD(VdSOD5) of V. dahliae is significantly induced by culturing in cotton tissues, suggesting that VdSOD5 may play an important role in host–pathogen interactions and virulence. Here, we showed that VdSOD5 encoded a superoxide dismutase with a cofactor copper-binding site and a functional signal peptide that can conduct protein secretion in an invertase-mutated yeast strain. The mutations in VdSOD5(ΔVdSOD5) did not change the normal vegetative growth and conidial production but reduced the virulence of V. dahliae on susceptible host cotton. Further studies showed that the transcription of Vd SOD5 was significantly up-regulated during the early stage of infection, and the loss-of-function of VdSOD5 decreased culture filtrate and fungal tissue SOD activities of V. dahliae by 74 and 28%, respectively. Compared to the wild-type strain Vd991, the ΔVdSOD5 showed the same sensitivity to the intracellular ROS generator menadione. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) staining demonstrated that VdSOD5 functioned in the detoxification of superoxides generated by host roots during infection. These results suggest that VdSOD5 of V. dahliae is an important virulence factor, secreted out of cells to combat host-derived ROS.展开更多
Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is an important antioxidant enzyme in the body.SOD has special physiological activity and is the primary substance for scavenging free radicals in living organisms.However,the expensive and co...Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is an important antioxidant enzyme in the body.SOD has special physiological activity and is the primary substance for scavenging free radicals in living organisms.However,the expensive and complex extraction processes,low SOD yield,as well as difficult to store at room temperature have seriously hindered its application pace.Herein,the enzyme mimetic function of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots(QDs)was discovered.The improved Marklund and McCord method both showed that Mn-doped ZnS QDs possess intrinsic SOD-like activity.The effects of temperature and pH on the mimetic enzyme activity of Mn-doped ZnS QDs have been investigated compared with SOD enzymes.The low cost and easy to synthesize white Mn-doped ZnS QDs with good biocompatibility are expected to be used as a new type of SOD nanozymes in the biology-relevant fields.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023 YFD 2400102)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation,Beibu Gulf University(No.2024 KA 04)。
文摘As a key component of the plant antioxidant enzymatic system,superoxide dismutase(SOD)can efficiently protect cells from oxidative stress and maintain redox homeostasis.Currently,there are few studies related to SOD genes in various taxa of algae,and the specific functions and evolutionary patterns of these family members remain unclear.In this study,comprehensively evolutionary analysis of SOD gene family in the bladed Bangiales was carried out.A total of 9,10,and 12 SOD genes were identified from three species of Pophyra umbilicalis,Pyropia haitanensis,and Pyropia yezoensis,respectively.Based on phylogenetic analysis,SOD gene members within the same subfamily exhibited similar motif patterns as well as conserved domains,which could be attribute to Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe/Mn-SOD.The promoter regions of SOD genes were rich in hormone-responsive,stress-responsive,and growth cis-acting elements,with variations and similarities observed among different species of other red algae and subfamilies.According to subcellular location prediction,it is suggested that Cu/Zn-SOD was predominantly located in chloroplasts,while Fe/Mn-SOD was primarily located in mitochondria.Also,the two subfamilies differed significantly in the two-/three-dimensional protein structures.In terms of gene evolution,the strongest collinearity relationship was shown between Pyropia haitanensis and Pyropia yezoensis,with all the 1꞉1 orthologous gene pair being subjected to a purifying selection(Ka/Ks<1,Ka:non-synonymy rate;Ks:synonymy rate).Moreover,12 SOD genes underwent positive selection during the evolutionary process.Furthermore,gene expression analysis based on transcriptomic data from Pyropia haitanensis showed that the expression patterns of SOD genes varied under different stress conditions.Together,this study revealed the evolutionary pattern of SOD genes in three bladed Bangiales species,which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the function of SOD genes.
文摘[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds.
基金Project(2004CB619201) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The gene sod in Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans may play a crucial role in its tolerance to the extremely acidic, toxic and oxidative environment of bioleaching. For insight into the anti-toxic mechanism of the bacteria, a three-dimensional （3D） molecular structure of the protein encoded by this gene was built by homology modeling techniques, refined by molecular dynamics simulations, assessed by PROFILE-3D and PROSTAT programs and its key residues were further detected by evolutionary trace analysis. Through these procedures, some trace residues were identified and spatially clustered. Among them, the residues of Asn38, Glyl03 and Glul61 are randomly scattered throughout the mapped structure; interestingly, the other residues are all distinctly clustered in a subgroup near Fe atom. From these results, this gene can be confirmed at 3D level to encode the Fe-depending superoxide dismutase and subsequently play an anti-toxic role. Furthermore, the detected key residues around Fe binding site can be conjectured to be directly responsible for Fe binding and catalytic function.
文摘One of the major classes of antioxidant enzymes, which protect the cellular and subcellular components against harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), is superoxide dismutase (SOD). SODs play pivotal role in scavenging highly reactive free oxygen radicals and protecting cells from toxic effects. In Oryza sativa three types of SODs are available based on their metal content viz. Cu-Zn SOD, Mn SOD and Fe SOD. In the present study attempts were made to critically assess the structure and phylogenetic relationship among Oryza sativa SODs. The sequence similarity search using local BLAST shows that Mn SODs and Fe SODs have greater degree of similarity compared with that of Cu-Zn SODs. The multiple alignment reveals that seven amino acids were found to be totally conserved. The secondary structure shows that Mn SODs and Fe SODs have similar helixes, sheets, turns and coils compared with that of Cu-Zn SODs. The comparative analysis also displayed greater resemblance in primary, secondary and tertiary structures of Fe SODs and Mn SODs. Comparison between the structure and sequence analysis reveals that Mn SOD and Fe SOD are found to be closely related whereas Cu-Zn SOD evolves independently.
文摘The binding pursuits of trans-resveratrol(t-RSV),an amazing health supplement are investigated with an antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase(SOD1).The aim of the study is to dock t-RSV on the adrenaline binding site on SOD1 in order to explore its potential to act as a safety net against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons.In silico GLIDE docking methodology and in vitro microcalorimetry technique is utilized for the investigation of binding parameters of t-RSV with SOD1.The study provides useful and distinct information about the amino acids involved in the interactions at molecular level along with the nature of forces involved in binding of t-RSV with SOD1.The docking analysis using the scoring functions of Schrodinger’s Glide package depicts that GLU100,PRO28,LYS23,TRP32 residues of the peptide backbone on SOD1 interact with phenolic groups of t-RSV.The information on thermodynamic parameters,i.e.binding constant(Kb),free energy(△G)and enthalpy(△H)generated through calorimetric titrations suggests that the reaction between t-RSV and SOD1 is spontaneous and exothermic.Both the studies are found to be in close agreement with each other based as far as the magnitude of binding constant(Kb=9.9×10^4)is concerned.
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.
文摘[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.
文摘[Objective] TO study the combined extracting process of porcine blood superoxide dismutase （SOD） and other bioactive substances and thus to provide technical basis for making full use of blood resources and large-scale production of SOD. [Method] Fibronectin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin were isolated from porcine blood, and SOD was extracted. Trace pyrogallol self-oxidation method to determine SOD activity was modified by optimizing the volume of pyrogallol and SOD samples, reaction temperature, and buffer pH. The specific activity of SOD was determined with the optimized extraction conditions. [ Result] The improved experimental conditions of SOD activity detection were as follows： 7 pyrogallol （50 mmol/L）, 3 ml Tris-HCI （50 mmol/L, pH 8.2）, reactive temperature at 25（3, and 10 pl SOD sample solution. The specific activity of extracted SOD was 5 056 U/mg protein. [ Conclusion] Four kinds of bioactive substance can be isolated from porcine blood by modern biological engi- neering integration technology, and the extracted SOD has better activity.
基金Project (No. 50979063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms.The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%,104%,108%,112%,and 116% for 42 d.Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues.Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate.Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups.SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues,according to time of exposure and TDGS levels.The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue.Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River,and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.
基金Supported by the Chinese Universities Education Science"Ten- five" Program ( 2 0 0 2 ,2 0 - 5 8- 4 7)
文摘Superoxide dismutases(SODs) were purified to homogeneity from Allium Sativum by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose(DE52) and Sephadex G-75. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate\|polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-AGE), Allium Sativum is predicted to contain four SODs. The molecular weights of the native SODs are 41 3 kD, 37 0 kD, 35 2 kD and 31 0 kD, which consist of subunits of 20 7 kD, 18 4 kD, 17 7 kD and 15 4 kD respectively. Because of their specific sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, cyanogens potassium and chloroform\|alcohol, the SODs in Allium Sativum appear to be Cu, Zn-SOD isoenzymes. The isoelectric analysis indicates that three of the four isoenzymes are acidic proteins with isoelectric points at pH 3 5, 3 7 and 4 0, respectively, and the fourth one is a basic protein with isoeletric point at pH 8 5.
基金supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 10460149 to K.T. and Grant No. 11740448 to S.M.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japana grant from the Rice Genome Research Program (Grant No. MP2106 to K.T.) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan
文摘Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we report the responses of cytosolic SOD (cSOD; sodCc1 and sodCc2) and cytosolic APX (cAPX; OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) genes to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice. RNA blot analyses revealed that methyl viologen treatment caused a more prominent induction of cAPXs compared with cSODs, and hydrogen peroxide treatment induced the expression of cAPXs whereas cSODs were not affected. These results suggest that cAPXs play more important roles in defense against oxidative stress compared with cSODs. It is noted that cSODs and cAPXs showed coordinate response to abscisic acid treatment which induced both sodCc1 and OsAPX2. However, cSODs and cAPXs responded differentially to drought, salt and chilling stress, which indicates that cSOD and cAPX genes are expressed differentially in response to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice.
文摘Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research.Since the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993,the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened,improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.In this review,we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.Literature has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations.We thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype correlation.Such a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes,which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic mutations.Cognition in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors,including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.
基金Supported by grants from CICYT (SAF2000-0123) and Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ (C03/02). Elena Piazuelo is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ and Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud
文摘AIM： To test whether antioxidant treatment could prevent the progression of Barrett＇s esophagus to adenocarcinoma. METHODS： In a rat model of gastroduodenoesophageal reflux by esophagojejunal anastomosis with gastric preservation, groups of 6-10 rats were randomized to receive treatment with superoxide dismutase （SOD） or vehicle and followed up for 4 too. Rat＇s esophagus was assessed by histological analysis, superoxide anion and peroxinitrite generation, SOD levels and DNA oxidative damage. RESULTS： All rats undergoing esophagojejunostomy developed extensive esophageal mucosal ulceration and inflammation by mo 4. The process was associated with a progressive presence of intestinal metaplasia beyond the anastomotic area （9% 1st mo and 50% 4th too） （94% at the anastomotic level） and adenocarcinoma （11% 1^ST mo and 60% 4th too）. These changes were associated with superoxide anion and peroxinitrite mucosal generation, an early and significant increase of DNA oxidative damage and a significant decrease in SOD levels （P〈0.05）. Exogenous administration of SOD decreased mucosal superoxide levels, increased mucosal SOD levels and reduced the risk of developing intestinal metaplasia beyond the anastomotic area （odds ratio = 0.326; 95%CI： 0.108-0.981; P = 0.046）, and esophageal adenocarcinoma （odds ratio = 0.243; 95%CI： 0.073-0.804; P = 0.021）. CONCLUSION： Superoxide dismutase prevents the progression of esophagitis to Barrett＇s esophagus and adenocarcinoma in this rat model of gastrointestinal reflux, supporting a role of antioxidants in the chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22067015)the Inner Mongolia Education Department Key Project(NJZZ16015)+2 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Graduate Education Teaching Reform and Practice Project(YJG20191012606)Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen(JCYJ20190822090801701)China Scholarship Council(CSC)。
文摘Cerium oxide-based nanozymes have recently drawn much attention in the field of biomedical and antioxidant applications,because of their unique regenerative or autocatalytic properties.Herein,we studied the biomimetic superoxide dismutase(SOD)nanozymes CeO_(2)-Gd that combines the fluorescence properties of rare earth Gd with the antioxidant properties of CeO_(2)nanoparticles,which was prepared via facile route.The structure and composition of the CeO_(2)-Gd were measured and verified by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and X-ray electron spectroscopy(XPS).Confocal microscopy was used to image cells.Antioxidant performance and cell viability of these nanozymes were measured in vitro using BGC-803 cell.CeO_(2)-Gd nanozymes with a higher Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+)ratio show higher superoxide dismutase(SOD)mimetic activity.Their antioxidant activity and fluorescence properties of CeO_(2)-Gd in BGC-803 cancer cells are enhanced by oxygen vacancies generated by doping rare-earth elements Gd.This work may guide the future design of CeO_(2)-Gd-based biomimetic nanozymes for anticancer and antioxidant applications.
文摘Mammalian cells express two isoforms of Cu- and Zn-containing superoxide dismutases（SODs）, CuZn-SOD and extracellular SOD（EC-SOD）, involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species（ROS）. The two SODs have structurally homologous centre domain with distinct N- and C-terminuses, resulting in the different characteristics of the structure and function of the two molecules. We generated a hybrid SOD molecule（namely hy- SOD） via replacing the N- and C-terminuses of hCuZnSOD with the counterparts of hEC-SOD. The hySOD was expressed in host Pichia pastoris and the purified protein was a dimer with a molecular weight of about 34000. A series of activity analyses indicates that the hySOD is similar to hEC-SOD in heat-stability, and has the activity of protecting the host cell against heat shock and oxidative stress. Our results show evidence for the study on the compound activity of multiple SOD molecules, and may be important for understanding the relationship between structure and function of hEC-SOD and hCuZnSOD.
文摘Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study is designed to measure the level of uric acids and find out the relationship of uric acid with superoxide dismutase in induced hyperuricemic model. Forty male albino rats with an average weight of 180 ± 2 g were selected. The rats were grouped. The animals were fed on standard diet and given tap water ad libitum until treatment. Albino rats were divided into four groups. Group A(10)-control given only standard diet, group B(10) fed on 60% fructose with standard diet , group C(10) fed on fructose, standard diet and intraperitonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg and group D (10) only on injection intraperotonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg. At the end of study 10 mL of blood was drawn from heart of rats. Then blood was estimated for superoxide dismutase and uric acids done by kit methods randox-manual/Rx monza UA230/UA 233. Results: In Group C superoxide dismutase was found to be 32 % (244 mg/dL ± 2.23) more than control. In the same group the uric acid concentration was highly significantly correlated with control. Conclusion: The uric acid concentration increases when we take fructose up to 60% in our diet. It also increases superoxide dismutase concentration. More than this value may have inverse effect on the uric acid level and its role as an antioxidant may become inversed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501588, 31972228, and 31970142)。
文摘Plants produce reactive oxygen species(ROS) to defend pathogens. To counteract this attack, certain pathogens express superoxide dismutases(SODs) to scavenge host-derived ROS. However, the roles of SODs in Verticillium dahliae, an important vascular pathogen, are not clear. Our previous study has shown that a putative extracellular SOD(VdSOD5) of V. dahliae is significantly induced by culturing in cotton tissues, suggesting that VdSOD5 may play an important role in host–pathogen interactions and virulence. Here, we showed that VdSOD5 encoded a superoxide dismutase with a cofactor copper-binding site and a functional signal peptide that can conduct protein secretion in an invertase-mutated yeast strain. The mutations in VdSOD5(ΔVdSOD5) did not change the normal vegetative growth and conidial production but reduced the virulence of V. dahliae on susceptible host cotton. Further studies showed that the transcription of Vd SOD5 was significantly up-regulated during the early stage of infection, and the loss-of-function of VdSOD5 decreased culture filtrate and fungal tissue SOD activities of V. dahliae by 74 and 28%, respectively. Compared to the wild-type strain Vd991, the ΔVdSOD5 showed the same sensitivity to the intracellular ROS generator menadione. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) staining demonstrated that VdSOD5 functioned in the detoxification of superoxides generated by host roots during infection. These results suggest that VdSOD5 of V. dahliae is an important virulence factor, secreted out of cells to combat host-derived ROS.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61571426,61671435,81630053)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4161003)for financial support
文摘Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is an important antioxidant enzyme in the body.SOD has special physiological activity and is the primary substance for scavenging free radicals in living organisms.However,the expensive and complex extraction processes,low SOD yield,as well as difficult to store at room temperature have seriously hindered its application pace.Herein,the enzyme mimetic function of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots(QDs)was discovered.The improved Marklund and McCord method both showed that Mn-doped ZnS QDs possess intrinsic SOD-like activity.The effects of temperature and pH on the mimetic enzyme activity of Mn-doped ZnS QDs have been investigated compared with SOD enzymes.The low cost and easy to synthesize white Mn-doped ZnS QDs with good biocompatibility are expected to be used as a new type of SOD nanozymes in the biology-relevant fields.
