Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common injury among athletes, especially those who practice disciplines with repetitive flexion movements, twisting and axial loading on the spine, such as weightlifting, gymnas...Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common injury among athletes, especially those who practice disciplines with repetitive flexion movements, twisting and axial loading on the spine, such as weightlifting, gymnastics, hockey and American football. In refractory cases to conservative treatment, microscopic discectomy or full endoscopic discectomy are used as surgical options to relieve pain and restore patient functionality. However, the ideal time for a return to sports activities remains a matter of debate due to variations in recovery times and risks of complications associated with each technique. Methods: A review was conducted, including articles published in the last 33 years (1991-2024), as it was the earliest date matching our search criteria. Clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines were included. Results: The most common complications when returning to sport prematurely include recurrence of the hernia, persistent pain (VAS leg 7 or higher after surgery) and reduced physical performance. The return to full activity rate of patients who underwent microdiscectomy reaches up to 90%, while the endoscopic technique shows a success rate that reaches 99%. Return to play meantime was 5.19 months (range 1.00 - 8.7 months) and mean time of 4.6 months (range 2 - 8 months) with Microdiscectomy and full endoscopic discectomy respectively. Conclusions: There is no unanimous consensus on the exact timing of return to sport due to variability in recovery times and clinical outcomes. In both techniques, evidence highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates surgeons, physical therapists and trainers to optimize recovery and ensure a safe return.展开更多
我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除...我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除作物生长障碍因素为目的的消障化异地还田。无论何种秸秆还田方式均未利用秸秆生物能,虽在一定程度上可以提高土壤有机质含量,但作用有限,且无显著的时间累积效应。秸秆沼气化利用了秸秆生物能,但因产气不稳定,沼渣、沼液处理难等因素,推广应用难度大。笔者提出了一种能够在同一时间和空间,实现秸秆改土和产能等多重目标的秸秆处理方式,称作“秸秆改土产能时空一体化处理”方法(space-time Integration of Soil improvement and Energy production by using Straw,ISES),即就近集中秸秆于需要改良的土壤,使秸秆施用量达到5%土重以上,与土壤充分混匀,在淹水条件下,密封培养,收集厌氧发酵产生的沼气用作家庭燃料或作它用。ISES处理可跨肥力等级提升土壤有机质含量,产气量及气体中CH4浓度与沼气发酵相当,且不需要处理沼液和沼渣,可服务于改土、产能和固碳等多重目标。加强对ISES系统碳转化和CH4产生过程及其产气率和CH4浓度影响因素的研究,评估ISES处理过程及处理后的环境效应,对于优化处理工艺,明确可采用ISES处理的土壤类型、适宜的处理时间,降低ISES处理的环境效应,制订安全生产措施,预测经济可行性都是十分必要的。展开更多
针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林...针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验站进行,采用裂区试验设计,主区为小麦季3个施氮水平:常规施氮(225kg hm^(–2), N2)、减施氮肥30%(158 kg hm^(–2), N1)和不施氮(0 kg hm^(–2), N0);裂区基于上一年度绿肥设置3种还田方式:地上部移除仅根茬还田(RR)、地上部过腹联合根茬还田(SDRR)、地上部及根茬全量还田(RROS)。结果表明,减氮30%结合绿肥过腹+根茬还田(N1SDRR)处理显著降低温室气体排放:CO_(2)排放总量较减氮30%全量还田(N1RROS)降低4.2%;N_(2)O排放总量、CH4吸收总量较N1RROS降低19.1%、提升15.8%;全球增温潜势(GWP)较N1RROS降低5.0%。N1SDRR处理小麦籽粒产量较N1RROS提高4.1%,温室气体排放强度(GHGI)较N1RROS降低14.6%,实现减排稳产。此外, N1SDRR处理土壤有机质、铵态氮含量较N1RROS提升9.1%、22.8%,土壤硝态氮含量较N1RROS降低10.0%;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性较N1RROS分别提高3.2%、7.8%,但土壤亚硝酸还原酶、硝酸还原酶活性分别降低11.9%、5.7%,表明该模式通过提升土壤有机质、调控铵/硝态氮平衡同步降低温室气体排放并维持生产力。随机森林模型进一步表明,土壤蔗糖酶、籽粒产量及土壤有机质是调控温室气体排放强度的关键因子,优化施氮与绿肥还田方式会对土壤碳、氮含量产生影响,可显著降低单位产量碳排放。因此,氮肥减施30%结合绿肥地上部过腹联合根茬还田可改善土壤理化因子和酶活性,有效降低温室气体排放,稳定小麦籽粒产量,是青海高原及高寒地区小麦农田稳产减排的适宜管理措施。展开更多
文摘Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common injury among athletes, especially those who practice disciplines with repetitive flexion movements, twisting and axial loading on the spine, such as weightlifting, gymnastics, hockey and American football. In refractory cases to conservative treatment, microscopic discectomy or full endoscopic discectomy are used as surgical options to relieve pain and restore patient functionality. However, the ideal time for a return to sports activities remains a matter of debate due to variations in recovery times and risks of complications associated with each technique. Methods: A review was conducted, including articles published in the last 33 years (1991-2024), as it was the earliest date matching our search criteria. Clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines were included. Results: The most common complications when returning to sport prematurely include recurrence of the hernia, persistent pain (VAS leg 7 or higher after surgery) and reduced physical performance. The return to full activity rate of patients who underwent microdiscectomy reaches up to 90%, while the endoscopic technique shows a success rate that reaches 99%. Return to play meantime was 5.19 months (range 1.00 - 8.7 months) and mean time of 4.6 months (range 2 - 8 months) with Microdiscectomy and full endoscopic discectomy respectively. Conclusions: There is no unanimous consensus on the exact timing of return to sport due to variability in recovery times and clinical outcomes. In both techniques, evidence highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates surgeons, physical therapists and trainers to optimize recovery and ensure a safe return.
文摘我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除作物生长障碍因素为目的的消障化异地还田。无论何种秸秆还田方式均未利用秸秆生物能,虽在一定程度上可以提高土壤有机质含量,但作用有限,且无显著的时间累积效应。秸秆沼气化利用了秸秆生物能,但因产气不稳定,沼渣、沼液处理难等因素,推广应用难度大。笔者提出了一种能够在同一时间和空间,实现秸秆改土和产能等多重目标的秸秆处理方式,称作“秸秆改土产能时空一体化处理”方法(space-time Integration of Soil improvement and Energy production by using Straw,ISES),即就近集中秸秆于需要改良的土壤,使秸秆施用量达到5%土重以上,与土壤充分混匀,在淹水条件下,密封培养,收集厌氧发酵产生的沼气用作家庭燃料或作它用。ISES处理可跨肥力等级提升土壤有机质含量,产气量及气体中CH4浓度与沼气发酵相当,且不需要处理沼液和沼渣,可服务于改土、产能和固碳等多重目标。加强对ISES系统碳转化和CH4产生过程及其产气率和CH4浓度影响因素的研究,评估ISES处理过程及处理后的环境效应,对于优化处理工艺,明确可采用ISES处理的土壤类型、适宜的处理时间,降低ISES处理的环境效应,制订安全生产措施,预测经济可行性都是十分必要的。
文摘针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验站进行,采用裂区试验设计,主区为小麦季3个施氮水平:常规施氮(225kg hm^(–2), N2)、减施氮肥30%(158 kg hm^(–2), N1)和不施氮(0 kg hm^(–2), N0);裂区基于上一年度绿肥设置3种还田方式:地上部移除仅根茬还田(RR)、地上部过腹联合根茬还田(SDRR)、地上部及根茬全量还田(RROS)。结果表明,减氮30%结合绿肥过腹+根茬还田(N1SDRR)处理显著降低温室气体排放:CO_(2)排放总量较减氮30%全量还田(N1RROS)降低4.2%;N_(2)O排放总量、CH4吸收总量较N1RROS降低19.1%、提升15.8%;全球增温潜势(GWP)较N1RROS降低5.0%。N1SDRR处理小麦籽粒产量较N1RROS提高4.1%,温室气体排放强度(GHGI)较N1RROS降低14.6%,实现减排稳产。此外, N1SDRR处理土壤有机质、铵态氮含量较N1RROS提升9.1%、22.8%,土壤硝态氮含量较N1RROS降低10.0%;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性较N1RROS分别提高3.2%、7.8%,但土壤亚硝酸还原酶、硝酸还原酶活性分别降低11.9%、5.7%,表明该模式通过提升土壤有机质、调控铵/硝态氮平衡同步降低温室气体排放并维持生产力。随机森林模型进一步表明,土壤蔗糖酶、籽粒产量及土壤有机质是调控温室气体排放强度的关键因子,优化施氮与绿肥还田方式会对土壤碳、氮含量产生影响,可显著降低单位产量碳排放。因此,氮肥减施30%结合绿肥地上部过腹联合根茬还田可改善土壤理化因子和酶活性,有效降低温室气体排放,稳定小麦籽粒产量,是青海高原及高寒地区小麦农田稳产减排的适宜管理措施。
