This paper proposes a new algorithm for High Impedance Fault (HIF) detection using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). This type of faults is difficult to detect by over current protection relays because of low fault curre...This paper proposes a new algorithm for High Impedance Fault (HIF) detection using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). This type of faults is difficult to detect by over current protection relays because of low fault current. In this paper, an index based on phasors change is proposed for HIF detection. The phasors are measured by PMU to obtain the square summation of errors. Two types of data are used for error calculation. The first one is sampled data and the second one is estimated data. But this index is not enough to declare presence of a HIF. Therefore another index introduces in order to distinguish the load switching from HIF. Second index utilizes 3rd harmonic current angle because this number of harmonic has a special behaviour during HIF. The verification of the proposed method is done by different simulation cases in EMTP/MATLAB.展开更多
远程终端单元(remote terminal unit, RTU)是当前电网中最主要的测量终端,但是其量测量没有统一时标,更新频率低,而且存在不确定性的传输时延。而同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)具有高同步、高精度等特点,成为电力系...远程终端单元(remote terminal unit, RTU)是当前电网中最主要的测量终端,但是其量测量没有统一时标,更新频率低,而且存在不确定性的传输时延。而同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)具有高同步、高精度等特点,成为电力系统中重要的数据采集装置。为协调利用这两种测量数据,首先归纳出RTU量测非同步的来源,分析了量测数据不同步对状态估计和潮流计算的影响,并给出了相关的验证结果。并提出基于能量交互算子的量测数据相关性分析方法。该方法应用同步数据间相关性最大的原理,利用PMU所产生的精确数据来同步RTU数据,为混合测量系统确定测量基准时刻。通过对IEEE39节点电网和广东83节点实际电网的仿真,结果表明该方法能有效校正量测数据非同步以及改善状态估计和潮流计算精度。展开更多
The synchronizing torque of a power system may be weakened by increasing installation of static power converters accompanied by renewable energy resources because they used to trade their favorable active power by syn...The synchronizing torque of a power system may be weakened by increasing installation of static power converters accompanied by renewable energy resources because they used to trade their favorable active power by synchronizing their output voltage with the one at the point of common coupling. In the circumstances, a concept of Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) is proposed, where the self-commutated power converters are emulating synchronous generators. This paper describes a converter control to contribute to enhancing the synchronizing torque. The proposed control is similar to the VSM but it simply realizes active power trades among power generation units including converter-based generators by modulating phase angles of their output voltages. Therefore, it can provide an effective support to regulate the system frequency where the total rated power of the converter-based generators increases as much as the one of conventional rotating generators like a microgrid. This paper especially focuses on its robustness where the number of converter-based generators is increased or they are dispersed in the power network. The effectiveness is verified by simulation study based on instantaneous values.展开更多
With the advent of phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology, the grid observability has got a new dimension. This facet of technology helps in getting the real-time and dynamic scenario of the grid operations which wa...With the advent of phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology, the grid observability has got a new dimension. This facet of technology helps in getting the real-time and dynamic scenario of the grid operations which was a remote possibility some decades before. Achieving this level of observability puts us at an advantage of responding to the system faults with reduced response time, and helps in restoring the grid stability within fraction of second. This paper demonstrates the detailed fault characterization from the PMU inputs, after illustrations from various real-time examples and different faults occurred in India. This paper tries to shed some light on areas where the accurate fault characterization can help the operator in taking the right decision for reliable grid operations.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angl...This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.展开更多
同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)为电网运行监测提供了精准数据,然而通信中断、设备故障等原因导致数据质量问题愈发显著。某工程现场PMU上送主站数据出现功率振荡异常现象,分析发现直接原因是母线电压选取错误,工程现...同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)为电网运行监测提供了精准数据,然而通信中断、设备故障等原因导致数据质量问题愈发显著。某工程现场PMU上送主站数据出现功率振荡异常现象,分析发现直接原因是母线电压选取错误,工程现场复杂的电网配置使得电压选取面临挑战。基于层次分析法对各电压选取方案的决策效果进行量化评估,综合考虑方案的优劣及适应性,最终推荐在特定场景下使用电压切换装置选取母线电压。该装置通过接入一次设备的刀闸,从而自动选择最佳电压源以保障母线电压随一次设备的运行方式同步切换,保障了PMU数据采集的准确性和一致性,进而提升了PMU数据质量。研究结果为涉及母线电压选取的实际应用场景提供了科学的决策支持,结合当地电网运行状况,为提升数据质量和优化电网监控提供有效方案。展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a new algorithm for High Impedance Fault (HIF) detection using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). This type of faults is difficult to detect by over current protection relays because of low fault current. In this paper, an index based on phasors change is proposed for HIF detection. The phasors are measured by PMU to obtain the square summation of errors. Two types of data are used for error calculation. The first one is sampled data and the second one is estimated data. But this index is not enough to declare presence of a HIF. Therefore another index introduces in order to distinguish the load switching from HIF. Second index utilizes 3rd harmonic current angle because this number of harmonic has a special behaviour during HIF. The verification of the proposed method is done by different simulation cases in EMTP/MATLAB.
文摘远程终端单元(remote terminal unit, RTU)是当前电网中最主要的测量终端,但是其量测量没有统一时标,更新频率低,而且存在不确定性的传输时延。而同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)具有高同步、高精度等特点,成为电力系统中重要的数据采集装置。为协调利用这两种测量数据,首先归纳出RTU量测非同步的来源,分析了量测数据不同步对状态估计和潮流计算的影响,并给出了相关的验证结果。并提出基于能量交互算子的量测数据相关性分析方法。该方法应用同步数据间相关性最大的原理,利用PMU所产生的精确数据来同步RTU数据,为混合测量系统确定测量基准时刻。通过对IEEE39节点电网和广东83节点实际电网的仿真,结果表明该方法能有效校正量测数据非同步以及改善状态估计和潮流计算精度。
文摘The synchronizing torque of a power system may be weakened by increasing installation of static power converters accompanied by renewable energy resources because they used to trade their favorable active power by synchronizing their output voltage with the one at the point of common coupling. In the circumstances, a concept of Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) is proposed, where the self-commutated power converters are emulating synchronous generators. This paper describes a converter control to contribute to enhancing the synchronizing torque. The proposed control is similar to the VSM but it simply realizes active power trades among power generation units including converter-based generators by modulating phase angles of their output voltages. Therefore, it can provide an effective support to regulate the system frequency where the total rated power of the converter-based generators increases as much as the one of conventional rotating generators like a microgrid. This paper especially focuses on its robustness where the number of converter-based generators is increased or they are dispersed in the power network. The effectiveness is verified by simulation study based on instantaneous values.
文摘With the advent of phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology, the grid observability has got a new dimension. This facet of technology helps in getting the real-time and dynamic scenario of the grid operations which was a remote possibility some decades before. Achieving this level of observability puts us at an advantage of responding to the system faults with reduced response time, and helps in restoring the grid stability within fraction of second. This paper demonstrates the detailed fault characterization from the PMU inputs, after illustrations from various real-time examples and different faults occurred in India. This paper tries to shed some light on areas where the accurate fault characterization can help the operator in taking the right decision for reliable grid operations.
文摘This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.
文摘同步相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit, PMU)为电网运行监测提供了精准数据,然而通信中断、设备故障等原因导致数据质量问题愈发显著。某工程现场PMU上送主站数据出现功率振荡异常现象,分析发现直接原因是母线电压选取错误,工程现场复杂的电网配置使得电压选取面临挑战。基于层次分析法对各电压选取方案的决策效果进行量化评估,综合考虑方案的优劣及适应性,最终推荐在特定场景下使用电压切换装置选取母线电压。该装置通过接入一次设备的刀闸,从而自动选择最佳电压源以保障母线电压随一次设备的运行方式同步切换,保障了PMU数据采集的准确性和一致性,进而提升了PMU数据质量。研究结果为涉及母线电压选取的实际应用场景提供了科学的决策支持,结合当地电网运行状况,为提升数据质量和优化电网监控提供有效方案。
