AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-conta...AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.展开更多
This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate t...This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.展开更多
An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximatio...An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.展开更多
Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably n...Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably normal gaseous stars whose debris falls onto the BH,sustaining the flares over years.White dwarfs(WDs),which are the most prevalent compact stars and a million times denser-and therefore tougher-than gaseous stars,can only be disrupted by intermediate-mass black holes(IMBHs)of 10^(2)–10^(5) solar masses.WD-TDEs are considered to generate more powerful and short-lived flares,but their evidence has been lacking.Here we report observations of a fast and luminous X-ray transient EP250702a detected by Einstein Probe.Its one-day-long X-ray peak as luminous as 10^(47−49) erg s^(−1) showed strong recurrent flares with hard spectra extending to several tens of MeV gamma-rays,as detected by Fermi/GBM and Konus-Wind,indicating relativistic jet emission.The jet's X-rays dropped sharply from 3×10^(49) erg s^(−1) to around 1044 erg s^(−1) within 20 days(10 days in the source rest frame).These characteristics are inconsistent with any previously known transient phenomena.We suggest that this fast-evolving event over the unprecedentedly short timescale arises likely from disruption of a WD by an IMBH.At late times,a soft component progressively dominates the X-ray spectrum,reaching a luminosity as high as 1044 erg s^(−1),which is consistent with being extreme super-Eddington emission from an accretion disk expected to form in an IMBH-WD TDE.WD-TDEs open a new window for investigating the elusive IMBHs and their surrounding stellar environments,and they are prime sources of gravitational waves in the band of space-based interferometers.展开更多
As the penetration rate of distributed energy increases,the transient power angle stability problem of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG)has gradually become prominent.In view of the situation that the grid impeda...As the penetration rate of distributed energy increases,the transient power angle stability problem of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG)has gradually become prominent.In view of the situation that the grid impedance ratio(R/X)is high and affects the transient power angle stability of VSG,this paper proposes a VSG transient power angle stability control strategy based on the combination of frequency difference feedback and virtual impedance.To improve the transient power angle stability of the VSG,a virtual impedance is adopted in the voltage loop to adjust the impedance ratio R/X;and the PI control feedback of the VSG frequency difference is introduced in the reactive powervoltage link of theVSGto enhance the damping effect.Thesecond-orderVSGdynamic nonlinearmodel considering the reactive power-voltage loop is established and the influence of different proportional integral(PI)control parameters on the system balance stability is analyzed.Moreover,the impact of the impedance ratio R/X on the transient power angle stability is presented using the equal area criterion.In the simulations,during the voltage dips with the reduction of R/X from 1.6 to 0.8,Δδ_(1)is reduced from 0.194 rad to 0.072 rad,Δf_(1)is reduced from 0.170 to 0.093 Hz,which shows better transient power angle stability.Simulation results verify that compared with traditional VSG,the proposedmethod can effectively improve the transient power angle stability of the system.展开更多
The traditional transient stability assessment(TSA)model for power systems has three disadvantages:capturing critical information during faults is difficult,aperiodic and oscillatory unstable conditions are not distin...The traditional transient stability assessment(TSA)model for power systems has three disadvantages:capturing critical information during faults is difficult,aperiodic and oscillatory unstable conditions are not distinguished,and poor generalizability is exhibited by systems with high renewable energy penetration.To address these issues,a novel ResGRU architecture for TSA is proposed in this study.First,a residual neural network(ResNet)is used for deep feature extraction of transient information.Second,a bidirectional gated recurrent unit combined with a multi-attention mechanism(BiGRU-Attention)is used to establish temporal feature dependencies.Their combination constitutes a TSA framework based on the ResGRU architecture.This method predicts three transient conditions:oscillatory instability,aperiodic instability,and stability.The model was trained offline using stochastic gradient descent with a thermal restart(SGDR)optimization algorithm in the offline training phase.This significantly improves the generalizability of the model.Finally,simulation tests on IEEE 145-bus and 39-bus systems confirmed that the proposed method has higher adaptability,accuracy,scalability,and rapidity than the conventional TSA approach.The proposed model also has superior robustness for PMU incomplete configurations,PMU noisy data,and packet loss.展开更多
This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junctio...This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pat...OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pathway.METHODS:Qualitative analysis of HWJNG was analysis by high performance of liquid and gas chromatography.In vivo,animal model of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)was established by fructose intake and restraint stress.HWJNG and Omeprazole were administered by gavage to the drug intervention group.Reflux and visceral hypersensitivity were analyzed by pathological changes,PH value test,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold,thermal withdrawal latency and mast cells(MCs)degranulation.In vitro,substance P(SP)-induced P815 cells and dorsal root ganglion(DRG)cells were cocultured.Expression in both mice and cells of STIM1,TRPV1,and esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related gastrointestinal neurochemicals were validated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot.Moreover,overexpression and small interfering RNA against STIM1 were utilized to verify of the role of HWJNG in DRG cells.RESULTS:HWJNG significantly suppressed intercellular space widening,injury of mitochondrial,MCs degranulation,mechanical allodynia and heat neuropathic sensory and increased pH value of esophageal mucosa in NERD mice.HWJNG inhibited expression of visceral hypersensitivityrelated gastrointestinal neurochemicals in esophageal mucosa and activated P815 cells,and expression of the STIM1,TRPV1 and related neurotransmitters in DRG and DRG cells.STIM1 siRNA and HWJNG both reduced P815 cells adhesion to DRGs cells and Ca2+flow into the cytoplasmic space of DRG cells.Furthermore,HWJNG could reversed STIM1 overexpression induced upregulation of TRPV1.CONCLUSION:HWJNG suppressed intercellular space widening in NERD mice,stabilized MCs and restored neuronal hyperexcitability by regulating visceral hypersensitivity via STIM1/TRPV1 pathway.展开更多
跟-构网型(grid following and grid-forming,GFL-GFM)变流器混合并网系统中多类型控制策略及控制切换行为使电压响应特性复杂多变,难以快速、准确评估其暂态电压稳定状态。为此,该文提出一种基于切换系统最大李雅普诺夫指数(switching ...跟-构网型(grid following and grid-forming,GFL-GFM)变流器混合并网系统中多类型控制策略及控制切换行为使电压响应特性复杂多变,难以快速、准确评估其暂态电压稳定状态。为此,该文提出一种基于切换系统最大李雅普诺夫指数(switching system maximum Lyapunov exponent,SSMLE)的跟-构网型变流器混合并网系统暂态电压稳定评估方法。首先,计及系统多运行状态和运行参数对暂态电压响应特性影响,建立混合并网系统不同运行工况下电压轨线变分方程;然后,在各运行状态下通过变分方程分段求解SSMLE,并采用切换补偿矩阵修正控制切换时刻积分终值矩阵偏差,提升电压稳定状态判别速度和准确度;其次,利用SSMLE分析系统关键参数对暂态电压稳定性的影响并确定暂态电压稳定参数域,可为调度人员获取系统运行状态、更新电压稳控策略提供参考;最后,通过GFL-GFM变流器混合并网系统和多机硬件在环仿真系统的仿真分析,验证所提方法的准确性和有效性。展开更多
Background Cotton is an important crop providing the most natural fibers all over the world. The cotton genomics community has utilized whole genome sequencing data to construct an elite gene pool in which functional ...Background Cotton is an important crop providing the most natural fibers all over the world. The cotton genomics community has utilized whole genome sequencing data to construct an elite gene pool in which functional genes are related to agronomic traits. However, the functional validation of these genes is hindered by time-consuming and inefficient genetic transformation methods. Thus, establishing a transient transformation system of high efficiency is necessary for cotton genomics.Results To improve the efficiency of transient transformation, we used the protoplasts isolated from the etiolated cotyledon as recipient. The enzymatic digestion buffer comprised 1.5%(w/v) cellulase, 0.75%(w/v) macerozyme, and 1% hemicellulase, osmotically buffered with 0.4 mol·L^(-1) mannitol. After 5 h of dark incubation at 25℃, uniform cotton protoplasts were successfully isolated with a yield of 4.6 × 10^(6) protoplasts per gram(fresh weight) and 95% viability. We incubated 100 μL protoplasts(2.5 × 10^(5)·m L^(-1)) with 15 μg plasmid in the solution of 0.4 mol·L^(-1) mannitol and 40% PEG 4000 for 15 min, ultimately achieving an optimal transient transfection efficiency of 71.47%.Conclusions This transient system demonstrated effective utility in cellular biology research through successful applications in subcellular localization analyses, bimolecular fluorescence complementation(Bi FC) verification, and prime editing vector validation. Through systematic optimization, we established an efficient and expedited protoplast-based transient transformation system and successfully applied this platform to cotton functional genomics studies.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62174180 and 62304258)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1609000)。
文摘This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12422207 and 12372199).
文摘An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.
文摘Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably normal gaseous stars whose debris falls onto the BH,sustaining the flares over years.White dwarfs(WDs),which are the most prevalent compact stars and a million times denser-and therefore tougher-than gaseous stars,can only be disrupted by intermediate-mass black holes(IMBHs)of 10^(2)–10^(5) solar masses.WD-TDEs are considered to generate more powerful and short-lived flares,but their evidence has been lacking.Here we report observations of a fast and luminous X-ray transient EP250702a detected by Einstein Probe.Its one-day-long X-ray peak as luminous as 10^(47−49) erg s^(−1) showed strong recurrent flares with hard spectra extending to several tens of MeV gamma-rays,as detected by Fermi/GBM and Konus-Wind,indicating relativistic jet emission.The jet's X-rays dropped sharply from 3×10^(49) erg s^(−1) to around 1044 erg s^(−1) within 20 days(10 days in the source rest frame).These characteristics are inconsistent with any previously known transient phenomena.We suggest that this fast-evolving event over the unprecedentedly short timescale arises likely from disruption of a WD by an IMBH.At late times,a soft component progressively dominates the X-ray spectrum,reaching a luminosity as high as 1044 erg s^(−1),which is consistent with being extreme super-Eddington emission from an accretion disk expected to form in an IMBH-WD TDE.WD-TDEs open a new window for investigating the elusive IMBHs and their surrounding stellar environments,and they are prime sources of gravitational waves in the band of space-based interferometers.
基金supported by theMajor Science and Technology Projects of China Southern Power Grid(Grant number CGYKJXM20210328).
文摘As the penetration rate of distributed energy increases,the transient power angle stability problem of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG)has gradually become prominent.In view of the situation that the grid impedance ratio(R/X)is high and affects the transient power angle stability of VSG,this paper proposes a VSG transient power angle stability control strategy based on the combination of frequency difference feedback and virtual impedance.To improve the transient power angle stability of the VSG,a virtual impedance is adopted in the voltage loop to adjust the impedance ratio R/X;and the PI control feedback of the VSG frequency difference is introduced in the reactive powervoltage link of theVSGto enhance the damping effect.Thesecond-orderVSGdynamic nonlinearmodel considering the reactive power-voltage loop is established and the influence of different proportional integral(PI)control parameters on the system balance stability is analyzed.Moreover,the impact of the impedance ratio R/X on the transient power angle stability is presented using the equal area criterion.In the simulations,during the voltage dips with the reduction of R/X from 1.6 to 0.8,Δδ_(1)is reduced from 0.194 rad to 0.072 rad,Δf_(1)is reduced from 0.170 to 0.093 Hz,which shows better transient power angle stability.Simulation results verify that compared with traditional VSG,the proposedmethod can effectively improve the transient power angle stability of the system.
基金financially supported by State Key Laboratory of HVDC No.SKLHVDC-2023-KF-03.
文摘The traditional transient stability assessment(TSA)model for power systems has three disadvantages:capturing critical information during faults is difficult,aperiodic and oscillatory unstable conditions are not distinguished,and poor generalizability is exhibited by systems with high renewable energy penetration.To address these issues,a novel ResGRU architecture for TSA is proposed in this study.First,a residual neural network(ResNet)is used for deep feature extraction of transient information.Second,a bidirectional gated recurrent unit combined with a multi-attention mechanism(BiGRU-Attention)is used to establish temporal feature dependencies.Their combination constitutes a TSA framework based on the ResGRU architecture.This method predicts three transient conditions:oscillatory instability,aperiodic instability,and stability.The model was trained offline using stochastic gradient descent with a thermal restart(SGDR)optimization algorithm in the offline training phase.This significantly improves the generalizability of the model.Finally,simulation tests on IEEE 145-bus and 39-bus systems confirmed that the proposed method has higher adaptability,accuracy,scalability,and rapidity than the conventional TSA approach.The proposed model also has superior robustness for PMU incomplete configurations,PMU noisy data,and packet loss.
文摘This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Molecular Mechanism of the Regulation of Crypt Goblet Cell Pyroptosis and Exocytosis to Repair Ulcerative Colitis Mucus Barrier by the Method of Clearing and Opening the Xuanfu from the Perspective of"Xuanfu-Crypt"(No.82305143),and National Natural Science Foundation of China:Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of"Hewei Jiangni Fang"Intervention in Non-erosive Reflux Disease Esophageal Hypersensitivity from the Perspective of Mas-related Gene X2/Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Pathway Regulation of Mast Cell/Dorsal Root Ganglion Communication based on the"Xinkai-Kujiang"Method(No.82374401)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pathway.METHODS:Qualitative analysis of HWJNG was analysis by high performance of liquid and gas chromatography.In vivo,animal model of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)was established by fructose intake and restraint stress.HWJNG and Omeprazole were administered by gavage to the drug intervention group.Reflux and visceral hypersensitivity were analyzed by pathological changes,PH value test,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold,thermal withdrawal latency and mast cells(MCs)degranulation.In vitro,substance P(SP)-induced P815 cells and dorsal root ganglion(DRG)cells were cocultured.Expression in both mice and cells of STIM1,TRPV1,and esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related gastrointestinal neurochemicals were validated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot.Moreover,overexpression and small interfering RNA against STIM1 were utilized to verify of the role of HWJNG in DRG cells.RESULTS:HWJNG significantly suppressed intercellular space widening,injury of mitochondrial,MCs degranulation,mechanical allodynia and heat neuropathic sensory and increased pH value of esophageal mucosa in NERD mice.HWJNG inhibited expression of visceral hypersensitivityrelated gastrointestinal neurochemicals in esophageal mucosa and activated P815 cells,and expression of the STIM1,TRPV1 and related neurotransmitters in DRG and DRG cells.STIM1 siRNA and HWJNG both reduced P815 cells adhesion to DRGs cells and Ca2+flow into the cytoplasmic space of DRG cells.Furthermore,HWJNG could reversed STIM1 overexpression induced upregulation of TRPV1.CONCLUSION:HWJNG suppressed intercellular space widening in NERD mice,stabilized MCs and restored neuronal hyperexcitability by regulating visceral hypersensitivity via STIM1/TRPV1 pathway.
文摘跟-构网型(grid following and grid-forming,GFL-GFM)变流器混合并网系统中多类型控制策略及控制切换行为使电压响应特性复杂多变,难以快速、准确评估其暂态电压稳定状态。为此,该文提出一种基于切换系统最大李雅普诺夫指数(switching system maximum Lyapunov exponent,SSMLE)的跟-构网型变流器混合并网系统暂态电压稳定评估方法。首先,计及系统多运行状态和运行参数对暂态电压响应特性影响,建立混合并网系统不同运行工况下电压轨线变分方程;然后,在各运行状态下通过变分方程分段求解SSMLE,并采用切换补偿矩阵修正控制切换时刻积分终值矩阵偏差,提升电压稳定状态判别速度和准确度;其次,利用SSMLE分析系统关键参数对暂态电压稳定性的影响并确定暂态电压稳定参数域,可为调度人员获取系统运行状态、更新电压稳控策略提供参考;最后,通过GFL-GFM变流器混合并网系统和多机硬件在环仿真系统的仿真分析,验证所提方法的准确性和有效性。
基金supported by Biological Breeding of Early Maturing and Disease Resistant Cotton Varieties (NO.2023ZD04041)the Project of China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-15-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 232300421041 and 222300420382)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U21 A20213)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No. 1610162023017 and 1610162023028)。
文摘Background Cotton is an important crop providing the most natural fibers all over the world. The cotton genomics community has utilized whole genome sequencing data to construct an elite gene pool in which functional genes are related to agronomic traits. However, the functional validation of these genes is hindered by time-consuming and inefficient genetic transformation methods. Thus, establishing a transient transformation system of high efficiency is necessary for cotton genomics.Results To improve the efficiency of transient transformation, we used the protoplasts isolated from the etiolated cotyledon as recipient. The enzymatic digestion buffer comprised 1.5%(w/v) cellulase, 0.75%(w/v) macerozyme, and 1% hemicellulase, osmotically buffered with 0.4 mol·L^(-1) mannitol. After 5 h of dark incubation at 25℃, uniform cotton protoplasts were successfully isolated with a yield of 4.6 × 10^(6) protoplasts per gram(fresh weight) and 95% viability. We incubated 100 μL protoplasts(2.5 × 10^(5)·m L^(-1)) with 15 μg plasmid in the solution of 0.4 mol·L^(-1) mannitol and 40% PEG 4000 for 15 min, ultimately achieving an optimal transient transfection efficiency of 71.47%.Conclusions This transient system demonstrated effective utility in cellular biology research through successful applications in subcellular localization analyses, bimolecular fluorescence complementation(Bi FC) verification, and prime editing vector validation. Through systematic optimization, we established an efficient and expedited protoplast-based transient transformation system and successfully applied this platform to cotton functional genomics studies.
