The main design of this paper is to determine once and for all the true nature and status of the sequence of the prime numbers, or primes—that is, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, and so on. The ma...The main design of this paper is to determine once and for all the true nature and status of the sequence of the prime numbers, or primes—that is, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, and so on. The main conclusion revolves entirely around two points. First, on the one hand, it is shown that the prime sequence exhibits an extremely high level of organization. But second, on the other hand, it is also shown that the clearly detectable organization of the primes is ultimately beyond human comprehension. This conclusion runs radically counter and opposite—in regard to both points—to what may well be the default view held widely, if not universally, in current theoretical mathematics about the prime sequence, namely the following. First, on the one hand, the prime sequence is deemed by all appearance to be entirely random, not organized at all. Second, on the other hand, all hope has not been abandoned that the sequence may perhaps at some point be grasped by human cognition, even if no progress at all has been made in this regard. Current mathematical research seems to be entirely predicated on keeping this hope alive. In the present paper, it is proposed that there is no reason to hope, as it were. According to this point of view, theoretical mathematics needs to take a drastic 180-degree turn. The manner of demonstration that will be used is direct and empirical. Two key observations are adduced showing, 1), how the prime sequence is highly organized and, 2), how this organization transcends human intelligence because it plays out in the dimension of infinity and in relation to π. The present paper is part of a larger project whose design it is to present a complete and final mathematical and physical theory of rational human intelligence. Nothing seems more self-evident than that rational human intelligence is subject to absolute limitations. The brain is a material and physically finite tool. Everyone will therefore readily agree that, as far as reasoning is concerned, there are things that the brain can do and things that it cannot do. The search is therefore for the line that separates the two, or the limits beyond which rational human intelligence cannot go. It is proposed that the structure of the prime sequence lies beyond those limits. The contemplation of the prime sequence teaches us something deeply fundamental about the human condition. It is part of the quest to Know Thyself.展开更多
OPM<sub>05</sub>-M<sub>2100</sub>,the specific RAPD fragment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,was collected from agarose gels and purified.Then,the purified fragment was inserted into the pGEM<...OPM<sub>05</sub>-M<sub>2100</sub>,the specific RAPD fragment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,was collected from agarose gels and purified.Then,the purified fragment was inserted into the pGEM<sup>R</sup> -T Vector that was transformed into Escherichia.coli and cloned and sequenced.Based on the sequence of RAPD marker,the sequences characterized amplified region（SCAR） primers were designed by the aid of the software Oligo5.0.The forward primer is M<sub>05</sub>F<sub>2</sub> （5’-CGGGT CATGG CTGGA GGTAT CGT-3’）,and the backward primer is M<sub>05</sub>R<sub>1</sub>(5’-TGGCT CAATG GCAAA TCCTT CGTA-3’.The specific fragment (OPM<sub>05</sub>-M<sub>2100</sub>) was successfully converted to SCAR marker(SCAR-M<sub>05</sub>-X<sub>600</sub>) by using M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub>,which was the specific markers of B.xylophilus.Then, the DNA of 92 isolates of Bursaphelenchus,B. mucronatus,B.hofmanni,Aphelenchoides macronucleatus and Seinura sp.which were isolated from dead pines,were marked,and the DNA of a single nematode extracted with a simple method was detected using this set of specific primers.The results indicated that the PCR product of all 81 isolates of B.xylophilus was a clear and bright fragment about 600 bp with M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub>.But eight isolates of B. mucronatus,one B.hofmanni,one A.macronucleatus and one Seinura sp.had no any fragments.Assay M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub> also successfully detected single pinewood nematode.Therefore,the specific pairwises would be used for constructing identification kits of B. xylophilus,implementing the aim of quick detection, and achieving the purpose of identify juvenile successfully.展开更多
文摘The main design of this paper is to determine once and for all the true nature and status of the sequence of the prime numbers, or primes—that is, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, and so on. The main conclusion revolves entirely around two points. First, on the one hand, it is shown that the prime sequence exhibits an extremely high level of organization. But second, on the other hand, it is also shown that the clearly detectable organization of the primes is ultimately beyond human comprehension. This conclusion runs radically counter and opposite—in regard to both points—to what may well be the default view held widely, if not universally, in current theoretical mathematics about the prime sequence, namely the following. First, on the one hand, the prime sequence is deemed by all appearance to be entirely random, not organized at all. Second, on the other hand, all hope has not been abandoned that the sequence may perhaps at some point be grasped by human cognition, even if no progress at all has been made in this regard. Current mathematical research seems to be entirely predicated on keeping this hope alive. In the present paper, it is proposed that there is no reason to hope, as it were. According to this point of view, theoretical mathematics needs to take a drastic 180-degree turn. The manner of demonstration that will be used is direct and empirical. Two key observations are adduced showing, 1), how the prime sequence is highly organized and, 2), how this organization transcends human intelligence because it plays out in the dimension of infinity and in relation to π. The present paper is part of a larger project whose design it is to present a complete and final mathematical and physical theory of rational human intelligence. Nothing seems more self-evident than that rational human intelligence is subject to absolute limitations. The brain is a material and physically finite tool. Everyone will therefore readily agree that, as far as reasoning is concerned, there are things that the brain can do and things that it cannot do. The search is therefore for the line that separates the two, or the limits beyond which rational human intelligence cannot go. It is proposed that the structure of the prime sequence lies beyond those limits. The contemplation of the prime sequence teaches us something deeply fundamental about the human condition. It is part of the quest to Know Thyself.
文摘OPM<sub>05</sub>-M<sub>2100</sub>,the specific RAPD fragment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,was collected from agarose gels and purified.Then,the purified fragment was inserted into the pGEM<sup>R</sup> -T Vector that was transformed into Escherichia.coli and cloned and sequenced.Based on the sequence of RAPD marker,the sequences characterized amplified region（SCAR） primers were designed by the aid of the software Oligo5.0.The forward primer is M<sub>05</sub>F<sub>2</sub> （5’-CGGGT CATGG CTGGA GGTAT CGT-3’）,and the backward primer is M<sub>05</sub>R<sub>1</sub>(5’-TGGCT CAATG GCAAA TCCTT CGTA-3’.The specific fragment (OPM<sub>05</sub>-M<sub>2100</sub>) was successfully converted to SCAR marker(SCAR-M<sub>05</sub>-X<sub>600</sub>) by using M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub>,which was the specific markers of B.xylophilus.Then, the DNA of 92 isolates of Bursaphelenchus,B. mucronatus,B.hofmanni,Aphelenchoides macronucleatus and Seinura sp.which were isolated from dead pines,were marked,and the DNA of a single nematode extracted with a simple method was detected using this set of specific primers.The results indicated that the PCR product of all 81 isolates of B.xylophilus was a clear and bright fragment about 600 bp with M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub>.But eight isolates of B. mucronatus,one B.hofmanni,one A.macronucleatus and one Seinura sp.had no any fragments.Assay M<sub>05</sub> F<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub> also successfully detected single pinewood nematode.Therefore,the specific pairwises would be used for constructing identification kits of B. xylophilus,implementing the aim of quick detection, and achieving the purpose of identify juvenile successfully.
