Bottom sediments of the North American Great Lakes are characterized by a high loading(over 3,000 tonnes)of polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs).The origin of this environmental contaminant loading is unclear.Here,we fir...Bottom sediments of the North American Great Lakes are characterized by a high loading(over 3,000 tonnes)of polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs).The origin of this environmental contaminant loading is unclear.Here,we first examined PHCZs levels and profiles in sediment,lotus,and fish fromthe Ya-Er Lake(China)that has been under the influence of an obsolete chlor-alkali facility for forty years and discovered substantial PHCZs contamination.Among the PHCZs determined,3,6-dichlorocarbazole(36-CCZ)and 3-chlorocarbazole(3-CCZ)were the most frequently detected.Sediments frombackfilled land exhibited ∑_(11)PHCZs at median concentration of 973 ng/g(dry weight),suggesting the chlor-alkali industry as an important source.Even after 20 years of dredging treatment,the concentration of ∑_(11)PHCZs in the sediment of the oxidation ponds(median=41.1 ng/g)remained substantially higher than in other areas globally.Furthermore,the concentration of ∑_(11)PHCZs was found to be higher in surface sediments(median)at 66.7 ng/g if compared to middle(14.1 ng/g)and lower layers(18.2 ng/g),indicating the potential availability of PHCZs from surface sediments to aquatic plants and animals.Notably,this study detected PHCZs in both fish(26.3 ng/g lipid weight)and lotus(14.5 ng/g dry weight),with significant enrichment of 3-monobromocarbazole(3-BCZ)observed in both lotus root systems(bio-soil accumulation factor,BSAF_(root)=5.04)and fish muscle(BSAF_(fish)=3.04).展开更多
多卤代咔唑(PHCZs)是一类新型有机污染物,其结构与二噁英相似。自20世纪80年代首次在沉积物中被检出以来,逐渐引起广泛关注。通过文献计量学方法,分析了2016—2023年间引文索引类数据库(Web of Science)中有关PHCZs的研究文献,系统梳理...多卤代咔唑(PHCZs)是一类新型有机污染物,其结构与二噁英相似。自20世纪80年代首次在沉积物中被检出以来,逐渐引起广泛关注。通过文献计量学方法,分析了2016—2023年间引文索引类数据库(Web of Science)中有关PHCZs的研究文献,系统梳理了PHCZs的来源、环境分布、生物毒性及相关知识的最新进展,同时深入探讨了当前研究中存在的知识差距和未来研究需求。为全面了解PHCZs提供了科学参考,强调了PHCZs在生态环境和人体健康领域的潜在威胁,并提出了未来的研究方向,旨在为该领域的深入研究和风险评估提供科学依据。展开更多
Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)have been widely accepted as emerging pollutants,whereas their ecological and health risks remain uncertain.Herein,female and male Sprague-Dawley(SD)mice were treated with four typical...Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)have been widely accepted as emerging pollutants,whereas their ecological and health risks remain uncertain.Herein,female and male Sprague-Dawley(SD)mice were treated with four typical PHCZs to investigate their negative consequences,along with alternations in gutmicrobiota to indicate underlyingmechanisms.In female mice,the relative liver weight ratio increased after four PHCZs exposure;2-bromocarbazole(2-BCZ)increased urine glucose level;3-bromocarbazole(3-BCZ)decreased the glucose and total cholesterol levels;3,6-dichlorocarbazole(3,6-DCCZ)decreased glucose level.The only disturbed biochemical index in male mice was the promoted alkaline phosphatase(ALP)level by 3,6-DCCZ.We also found that the differential blood biochemical indices were correlated with gut microbiota.3-BCZ and 3,6-DCCZ altered Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla in female and male mice,which were correlated with metabolic disorders.Our findings demonstrated the correlation between PHCZs induced potential hepatotoxicity andmetabolic disordersmay be due to their dioxin-like potentials and endocrine disrupting activities,and the gender differences might result from their estrogenic activities.Overall,data presented here can help to evaluate the ecological and health risks of PHCZs and reveal the underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental distribution.However,little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential ...Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental distribution.However,little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential source.In this study,we developed an analytical method based on GC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine 11 PHCZs in PM_(2.5) from urban Beijing,China.The optimized method provided low method limit of quantifications(MLOQs,1.45–7.39 fg/m^(3))and satisfied recoveries(73.4%–109.5%).This method was applied to analyze the PHCZs in the outdoor PM_(2.5)(n=46)and fly ash(n=6)collected from 3 kinds of surrounding incinerator plants(steel plant,medical waste incinerator and domestic waste incinerator).The levels of Σ_(11)PHCZs in PM_(2.5) ranged from 0.117 to 5.54 pg/m^(3)(median 1.18 pg/m^(3)).3-chloro-9H-carbazole(3-CCZ),3-bromo-9H-carbazole(3-BCZ),and 3,6-dichloro-9Hcarbazole(36-CCZ)were the dominant compounds,accounting for 93%.3-CCZ and 3-BCZ were significantly higher in winter due to the high PM_(2.5) concentration,while 36-CCZ was higher in spring,which may be related to the resuspending of surface soil.Furthermore,the levels of11PHCZs in fly ash ranged from 338 to 6101 pg/g.3-CCZ,3-BCZ and 36-CCZ accounted for 86.0%.The congener profiles of PHCZs between fly ash and PM_(2.5) were highly similar,indicating that combustion process could be an important source of ambient PHCZs.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first research providing the occurrences of PHCZs in outdoor PM_(2.5).展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22076201,21936007 and 22376204).
文摘Bottom sediments of the North American Great Lakes are characterized by a high loading(over 3,000 tonnes)of polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs).The origin of this environmental contaminant loading is unclear.Here,we first examined PHCZs levels and profiles in sediment,lotus,and fish fromthe Ya-Er Lake(China)that has been under the influence of an obsolete chlor-alkali facility for forty years and discovered substantial PHCZs contamination.Among the PHCZs determined,3,6-dichlorocarbazole(36-CCZ)and 3-chlorocarbazole(3-CCZ)were the most frequently detected.Sediments frombackfilled land exhibited ∑_(11)PHCZs at median concentration of 973 ng/g(dry weight),suggesting the chlor-alkali industry as an important source.Even after 20 years of dredging treatment,the concentration of ∑_(11)PHCZs in the sediment of the oxidation ponds(median=41.1 ng/g)remained substantially higher than in other areas globally.Furthermore,the concentration of ∑_(11)PHCZs was found to be higher in surface sediments(median)at 66.7 ng/g if compared to middle(14.1 ng/g)and lower layers(18.2 ng/g),indicating the potential availability of PHCZs from surface sediments to aquatic plants and animals.Notably,this study detected PHCZs in both fish(26.3 ng/g lipid weight)and lotus(14.5 ng/g dry weight),with significant enrichment of 3-monobromocarbazole(3-BCZ)observed in both lotus root systems(bio-soil accumulation factor,BSAF_(root)=5.04)and fish muscle(BSAF_(fish)=3.04).
文摘多卤代咔唑(PHCZs)是一类新型有机污染物,其结构与二噁英相似。自20世纪80年代首次在沉积物中被检出以来,逐渐引起广泛关注。通过文献计量学方法,分析了2016—2023年间引文索引类数据库(Web of Science)中有关PHCZs的研究文献,系统梳理了PHCZs的来源、环境分布、生物毒性及相关知识的最新进展,同时深入探讨了当前研究中存在的知识差距和未来研究需求。为全面了解PHCZs提供了科学参考,强调了PHCZs在生态环境和人体健康领域的潜在威胁,并提出了未来的研究方向,旨在为该领域的深入研究和风险评估提供科学依据。
基金supported by Joint Innovation Fund for Regional Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20134)Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of Ten-Thousands Talents Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020R52012).
文摘Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)have been widely accepted as emerging pollutants,whereas their ecological and health risks remain uncertain.Herein,female and male Sprague-Dawley(SD)mice were treated with four typical PHCZs to investigate their negative consequences,along with alternations in gutmicrobiota to indicate underlyingmechanisms.In female mice,the relative liver weight ratio increased after four PHCZs exposure;2-bromocarbazole(2-BCZ)increased urine glucose level;3-bromocarbazole(3-BCZ)decreased the glucose and total cholesterol levels;3,6-dichlorocarbazole(3,6-DCCZ)decreased glucose level.The only disturbed biochemical index in male mice was the promoted alkaline phosphatase(ALP)level by 3,6-DCCZ.We also found that the differential blood biochemical indices were correlated with gut microbiota.3-BCZ and 3,6-DCCZ altered Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla in female and male mice,which were correlated with metabolic disorders.Our findings demonstrated the correlation between PHCZs induced potential hepatotoxicity andmetabolic disordersmay be due to their dioxin-like potentials and endocrine disrupting activities,and the gender differences might result from their estrogenic activities.Overall,data presented here can help to evaluate the ecological and health risks of PHCZs and reveal the underlying mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0901104 and 2019YFE0111100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91743206)the Special Project of Eco-Environmental Technology for Peak Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Carbon Neutrality(No.RCEES-TDZ-2021-23).
文摘Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental distribution.However,little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential source.In this study,we developed an analytical method based on GC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine 11 PHCZs in PM_(2.5) from urban Beijing,China.The optimized method provided low method limit of quantifications(MLOQs,1.45–7.39 fg/m^(3))and satisfied recoveries(73.4%–109.5%).This method was applied to analyze the PHCZs in the outdoor PM_(2.5)(n=46)and fly ash(n=6)collected from 3 kinds of surrounding incinerator plants(steel plant,medical waste incinerator and domestic waste incinerator).The levels of Σ_(11)PHCZs in PM_(2.5) ranged from 0.117 to 5.54 pg/m^(3)(median 1.18 pg/m^(3)).3-chloro-9H-carbazole(3-CCZ),3-bromo-9H-carbazole(3-BCZ),and 3,6-dichloro-9Hcarbazole(36-CCZ)were the dominant compounds,accounting for 93%.3-CCZ and 3-BCZ were significantly higher in winter due to the high PM_(2.5) concentration,while 36-CCZ was higher in spring,which may be related to the resuspending of surface soil.Furthermore,the levels of11PHCZs in fly ash ranged from 338 to 6101 pg/g.3-CCZ,3-BCZ and 36-CCZ accounted for 86.0%.The congener profiles of PHCZs between fly ash and PM_(2.5) were highly similar,indicating that combustion process could be an important source of ambient PHCZs.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first research providing the occurrences of PHCZs in outdoor PM_(2.5).
