提出了地理空间信息的组成及其定义。首先阐述了考勤管理系统的构成,其次实现了地理信息系统WebGIS(Geographic Information System)功能,又实现了移动PHS(Personal Handy-phone System)终端在WebGIS上的即时定位及移动轨迹,提出了工作...提出了地理空间信息的组成及其定义。首先阐述了考勤管理系统的构成,其次实现了地理信息系统WebGIS(Geographic Information System)功能,又实现了移动PHS(Personal Handy-phone System)终端在WebGIS上的即时定位及移动轨迹,提出了工作日程表与其所持PHS终端的移动轨迹相比较的方法,最后实现了PHS考勤管理系统的各项功能,同时也指出了本领域当前所面临的问题。展开更多
Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoaWilld.).It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic tra...Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoaWilld.).It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic traits for guidance production and utilization of quinoa.A comprehensive evaluation of the PHS resistance and agronomic traits of 37 species of quinoa resources was conducted in Chengdu Plain.The evaluation used various methods,including grain germination rate(GR),grain germination index(GI),total spike germination rate(SR),total grain germination index(SI),grey correlation analysis(GCA),cluster analysis and correlation analysis.Results showed significant differences in PHS resistance and agronomic traits amongst the 37 quinoa resources.CDU-23 was most resistant to PHS within 24 h,with a germination rate of 2.67%and 0%according to the GR and SR results,respectively.However,in the same time,CDU-31 showed the maximum susceptibility to PHS based on the SR of 31.07%,while CDU-34 was the most sensitive to PHS according to the GR of 100%.The comprehensive evaluation identified one and nine kinds of high resistance species for grain and whole spike germination,respectively.In both cases,the coefficients of variation(CV)for these parameters were 34.78%and 82.13%,respectively.GCA results showed that the magnitude of the association between each trait and yield in the thirty-seven quinoa resources was in the following order:thousand grain weight>seed length>seed area>seed width.Although the seed weight of CDU-18 reached 3.7010 g,the seed weight of CDU-5 was only 1.6030 g.However,the size of the seeds,their width and area did not correlate with their 1000-grain weight.There was a complex correlation between PHS resistance index and agronomic traits.Based on clustering analysis,thirty-seven quinoa resources were classified into three taxa.It was found that various taxa differed in PHS resistance and agronomic traits.Several comparisons of the aggregated data led to the selection of five varieties of quinoa,of which CDU-2 presented excellent agronomic qualities and strong PHS resistance.This study has provided a reference for breeding excellent quinoa varieties with PHS resistance.展开更多
Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwi...Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwide.PHS is a complex trait with related QTL located on different chromosomes.However,the study of markers and genes related to PHS resistance is limited especially for whitegrained wheat.Four pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs)from a white-grained wheat cross of CharaDM5637B*8 targeting a major QTL for PHS resistance(Qphs.ccsu-3A.1)on wheat chromosme 3AL were genotyped using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array.Ten SNPs were identified,with a 75%-100%consistency between genotype and phenotype in the resistant or susceptible isolines.The 10 SNPs were converted to cost-effective kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers.Screening of 48 wheat cultivars with different phenotypes of PHS identified four KASP markers with 81.3%-85.4%conformity between genotype and phenotype.Further investigation revealed that the four SNPs(BS00022245_51,Kukri_c49927_151,BS00022884_51 and BS00110550_51)corresponding to the four validated KASP markers are residing in three independent genes(TraesCS3A03G1072800,TraesCS3A03G1072400,TraesCS3A03G1071800)close to each other with a distance of 4.28-4.48 Mb to the targeted QTL.These three annotated genes have potential functions related to PHS resistance.Our study revealed that combined use of NILs and the 90K SNP chip is a powerful approach for developing KASP markers and mining functional genes in wheat.The KASP markers for PHS resistance on chromosome 3AL are useful for high-throughput evaluation and marker-assisted selection,and the three identified genes could lead to a better understanding of the genetic pathways controlling PHS.展开更多
Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth...Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth season in Funan Experimental Station,Anhui,P.R.China.Three unsound kernel items,i.e.Fusarium-damaged kernels( FDKs),black-germ kernels( BGKs) and pre-harvest sprouted kernels( PHSKs),were measured from the harvested grains.A high percentage of unsound kernels was noticed as 6.00% for FDKs,8.43% for BGKs,and 38.19% for PHSKs due to excessive precipitation during the filling and maturation stages within the season.Fungicide treatments showed positive impacts on the formation of FDKs and BGKs.No significant differences were noticed on the percentage of PHSKs among treatments.The best control efficiency on FDKs,24.63%,was observed in the treatment of‘tebuconazole + prochloraz-manganese chloride complex'.The highest control efficiency on BGKs,31.54%,was achieved by the treatment of‘phenazino-1-carboxylic acid'.Significant differences were noticed among varieties with respect to the constitution of unsound kernels.Under the specific ecological conditions,70%-75% of the final grain quality of wheat was determined by the genotype itself.It was concluded that the genetic resistance or tolerance to relevant fungal pathogens and pre-harvest sprouting was the key factor determining the constitution of unsound wheat kernels,whilst chemical control might function with limited effects when crop was grown under high-pressure or stress conditions.展开更多
目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat s...目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain》中预测热应激(predicted heat stress,PHS)模型的性能。方法利用人工气候室营造9种温湿度工况(温度35、38、40℃,湿度25%、40%、60%),连续监测10名受试者在跑步机上以0.5 m/s(等效代谢率160 W/m2)速度行走时的直肠温度、皮肤温度、心率、出汗率等指标。结果高温高湿耦合对受试者生理指标影响更显著,当温度>38℃时相对湿度对心率产生显著影响,所有受试者于温度>38℃,相对湿度为60%时终止试验。所有试验工况下累计85.7%受试者因直肠温度超过39℃终止试验,表明直肠温度是受试者热暴露下更敏感的安全性评价指标。此外,现有PHS模型预测出汗率明显高于实测值,若以预测允许暴露时间<实测暴露时间为指标,模型对于受试者的保护效能仅为21.5%。结论现有PHS模型显著高估了高温高湿环境下中等强度作业人员的出汗率和允许安全暴露时间,保护效能较低。展开更多
文摘提出了地理空间信息的组成及其定义。首先阐述了考勤管理系统的构成,其次实现了地理信息系统WebGIS(Geographic Information System)功能,又实现了移动PHS(Personal Handy-phone System)终端在WebGIS上的即时定位及移动轨迹,提出了工作日程表与其所持PHS终端的移动轨迹相比较的方法,最后实现了PHS考勤管理系统的各项功能,同时也指出了本领域当前所面临的问题。
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program[Grant No.2022YFQ0041].
文摘Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoaWilld.).It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic traits for guidance production and utilization of quinoa.A comprehensive evaluation of the PHS resistance and agronomic traits of 37 species of quinoa resources was conducted in Chengdu Plain.The evaluation used various methods,including grain germination rate(GR),grain germination index(GI),total spike germination rate(SR),total grain germination index(SI),grey correlation analysis(GCA),cluster analysis and correlation analysis.Results showed significant differences in PHS resistance and agronomic traits amongst the 37 quinoa resources.CDU-23 was most resistant to PHS within 24 h,with a germination rate of 2.67%and 0%according to the GR and SR results,respectively.However,in the same time,CDU-31 showed the maximum susceptibility to PHS based on the SR of 31.07%,while CDU-34 was the most sensitive to PHS according to the GR of 100%.The comprehensive evaluation identified one and nine kinds of high resistance species for grain and whole spike germination,respectively.In both cases,the coefficients of variation(CV)for these parameters were 34.78%and 82.13%,respectively.GCA results showed that the magnitude of the association between each trait and yield in the thirty-seven quinoa resources was in the following order:thousand grain weight>seed length>seed area>seed width.Although the seed weight of CDU-18 reached 3.7010 g,the seed weight of CDU-5 was only 1.6030 g.However,the size of the seeds,their width and area did not correlate with their 1000-grain weight.There was a complex correlation between PHS resistance index and agronomic traits.Based on clustering analysis,thirty-seven quinoa resources were classified into three taxa.It was found that various taxa differed in PHS resistance and agronomic traits.Several comparisons of the aggregated data led to the selection of five varieties of quinoa,of which CDU-2 presented excellent agronomic qualities and strong PHS resistance.This study has provided a reference for breeding excellent quinoa varieties with PHS resistance.
基金funded by Global Innovation Linkage program (GIL53853) from Australian Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Government RTP Scholarship (International)University Postgraduate Awards (UPA)
文摘Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwide.PHS is a complex trait with related QTL located on different chromosomes.However,the study of markers and genes related to PHS resistance is limited especially for whitegrained wheat.Four pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs)from a white-grained wheat cross of CharaDM5637B*8 targeting a major QTL for PHS resistance(Qphs.ccsu-3A.1)on wheat chromosme 3AL were genotyped using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array.Ten SNPs were identified,with a 75%-100%consistency between genotype and phenotype in the resistant or susceptible isolines.The 10 SNPs were converted to cost-effective kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers.Screening of 48 wheat cultivars with different phenotypes of PHS identified four KASP markers with 81.3%-85.4%conformity between genotype and phenotype.Further investigation revealed that the four SNPs(BS00022245_51,Kukri_c49927_151,BS00022884_51 and BS00110550_51)corresponding to the four validated KASP markers are residing in three independent genes(TraesCS3A03G1072800,TraesCS3A03G1072400,TraesCS3A03G1071800)close to each other with a distance of 4.28-4.48 Mb to the targeted QTL.These three annotated genes have potential functions related to PHS resistance.Our study revealed that combined use of NILs and the 90K SNP chip is a powerful approach for developing KASP markers and mining functional genes in wheat.The KASP markers for PHS resistance on chromosome 3AL are useful for high-throughput evaluation and marker-assisted selection,and the three identified genes could lead to a better understanding of the genetic pathways controlling PHS.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research of the Public Interest(201503112-12)Anhui Special Fund for R&D Project(1704f0704069)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1808085QC87)Sci-tec Innovative Foundation of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(18C0919)
文摘Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth season in Funan Experimental Station,Anhui,P.R.China.Three unsound kernel items,i.e.Fusarium-damaged kernels( FDKs),black-germ kernels( BGKs) and pre-harvest sprouted kernels( PHSKs),were measured from the harvested grains.A high percentage of unsound kernels was noticed as 6.00% for FDKs,8.43% for BGKs,and 38.19% for PHSKs due to excessive precipitation during the filling and maturation stages within the season.Fungicide treatments showed positive impacts on the formation of FDKs and BGKs.No significant differences were noticed on the percentage of PHSKs among treatments.The best control efficiency on FDKs,24.63%,was observed in the treatment of‘tebuconazole + prochloraz-manganese chloride complex'.The highest control efficiency on BGKs,31.54%,was achieved by the treatment of‘phenazino-1-carboxylic acid'.Significant differences were noticed among varieties with respect to the constitution of unsound kernels.Under the specific ecological conditions,70%-75% of the final grain quality of wheat was determined by the genotype itself.It was concluded that the genetic resistance or tolerance to relevant fungal pathogens and pre-harvest sprouting was the key factor determining the constitution of unsound wheat kernels,whilst chemical control might function with limited effects when crop was grown under high-pressure or stress conditions.
文摘目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain》中预测热应激(predicted heat stress,PHS)模型的性能。方法利用人工气候室营造9种温湿度工况(温度35、38、40℃,湿度25%、40%、60%),连续监测10名受试者在跑步机上以0.5 m/s(等效代谢率160 W/m2)速度行走时的直肠温度、皮肤温度、心率、出汗率等指标。结果高温高湿耦合对受试者生理指标影响更显著,当温度>38℃时相对湿度对心率产生显著影响,所有受试者于温度>38℃,相对湿度为60%时终止试验。所有试验工况下累计85.7%受试者因直肠温度超过39℃终止试验,表明直肠温度是受试者热暴露下更敏感的安全性评价指标。此外,现有PHS模型预测出汗率明显高于实测值,若以预测允许暴露时间<实测暴露时间为指标,模型对于受试者的保护效能仅为21.5%。结论现有PHS模型显著高估了高温高湿环境下中等强度作业人员的出汗率和允许安全暴露时间,保护效能较低。
