The main driver for recycling cable wastes is the high value of the conducting metal, while the plastic with its lower value is often neglected. New improved cable plastic recycling routes can provide both economic an...The main driver for recycling cable wastes is the high value of the conducting metal, while the plastic with its lower value is often neglected. New improved cable plastic recycling routes can provide both economic and environmental incentive to cable producers for moving up the “cable plastic waste ladder”. Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment, LCA, of the waste management of the cable scrap is suggested and explained as a method to analyze the pros and cons of different cable scrap recycling options at hand. Economic and environmental data about different recycling processes and other relevant processes and materials are given. Cable producers can use this data and method to assess the way they deal with the cable plastic waste today and compare it with available alternatives and thus illuminate the improvement potential of recycling cable plastic waste both in an environmental and in an economic sense. The methodology applied consists of: cradle-to-gate LCA for waste material to a recycled material (recyclate);quantifying the climate impact for each step on the waste ladder for the specific waste material;the use of economic and climate impact data in parallel;climate impact presented as a span to portray the insecurities related to which material the waste will replace;and possibilities for do-it-yourself calculations. Potentially, the methodology can be useful also for other waste materials in the future.展开更多
为优化变压器选型与成本控制,首先,采用全生命周期成本(life cycle cost,LCC)理论和逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法,基于多项变电站工程变压器数据,探究变压器LCC构成及...为优化变压器选型与成本控制,首先,采用全生命周期成本(life cycle cost,LCC)理论和逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法,基于多项变电站工程变压器数据,探究变压器LCC构成及电压等级、接线方式、冷却方式等7项影响因素,对影响因素进行加权评估,并计算变压器LCC的各分项成本;其次,通过控制变量法量化电压等级等4项关键因素对变压器LCC的影响,探究关键因素对变压器成本机制的耦合效应,确定35 kV、220 kV及330 kV变压器LCC最低方案。结果显示,电压等级显著影响变压器LCC,接线方式与冷却方式对其的影响也较大;各分项成本在LCC中的占比保持相对稳定;单因素影响下,电压等级越高,变压器LCC越高,而是否为智能变压器对短期成本影响较小,长期来看智能变压器更具经济性。展开更多
文摘The main driver for recycling cable wastes is the high value of the conducting metal, while the plastic with its lower value is often neglected. New improved cable plastic recycling routes can provide both economic and environmental incentive to cable producers for moving up the “cable plastic waste ladder”. Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment, LCA, of the waste management of the cable scrap is suggested and explained as a method to analyze the pros and cons of different cable scrap recycling options at hand. Economic and environmental data about different recycling processes and other relevant processes and materials are given. Cable producers can use this data and method to assess the way they deal with the cable plastic waste today and compare it with available alternatives and thus illuminate the improvement potential of recycling cable plastic waste both in an environmental and in an economic sense. The methodology applied consists of: cradle-to-gate LCA for waste material to a recycled material (recyclate);quantifying the climate impact for each step on the waste ladder for the specific waste material;the use of economic and climate impact data in parallel;climate impact presented as a span to portray the insecurities related to which material the waste will replace;and possibilities for do-it-yourself calculations. Potentially, the methodology can be useful also for other waste materials in the future.
文摘为了兼顾电网经济与节能的双重目标,笔者基于全寿命周期成本(life cycle costs,LCC)理论,考虑节能因素,建立了一种新的变压器设计方案LCC评价方法。通过全面分析LCC各项组成,考虑负荷变化对负载损耗的动态影响,提出了更加完善的变压器LCC模型,并通过折现率与通货膨胀率对其进行了经济学修正。基于上述完善的变压器LCC模型,引入临界电价的概念,提出了损耗外LCC与损耗电量的对比分析方法,实现了一个变压器LCC评价辅助决策平台。以某500 k V变压器方案比选为例,论证了评价方法的实用性,并验证了其节能效果。
文摘为优化变压器选型与成本控制,首先,采用全生命周期成本(life cycle cost,LCC)理论和逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法,基于多项变电站工程变压器数据,探究变压器LCC构成及电压等级、接线方式、冷却方式等7项影响因素,对影响因素进行加权评估,并计算变压器LCC的各分项成本;其次,通过控制变量法量化电压等级等4项关键因素对变压器LCC的影响,探究关键因素对变压器成本机制的耦合效应,确定35 kV、220 kV及330 kV变压器LCC最低方案。结果显示,电压等级显著影响变压器LCC,接线方式与冷却方式对其的影响也较大;各分项成本在LCC中的占比保持相对稳定;单因素影响下,电压等级越高,变压器LCC越高,而是否为智能变压器对短期成本影响较小,长期来看智能变压器更具经济性。
