Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is ...Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is unknown.This study used a six-year(2017-2022)field study to explore the impacts of intercropping green manure with maize and reducing nitrogen fertilization on SOC stocks,while specifically focusing on the relationship between aggregate composition and carbon sequestration.Maize intercropped with common vetch(M/V),maize intercropped with rapeseed(M/R),and sole maize(M),were each tested at conventional(N2,360 kg ha^(-1))and reduced(N1,270 kg ha^(-1),25% reduced)N application rates.Soil was sampled in 2020,2021,and 2022.Compared with sole maize,intercropping with green manure(M/V and M/R)significantly increased SOC stocks which compensated for any negative effect due to the 25% reduction in N application.Based on 3-year averages,intercropping with M/V and M/R increased the SOC content compared to sole maize(M)by 12.1 and 9.1%,respectively,with intercropping further mitigating the negative impact of reduced nitrogen application.There was no significant difference between M/V and M/R.The SOC content at N1 was reduced by 9.3-10.5%compared to that at N2 in sole maize,but the differences in SOC stocks between N1 and N2 were not significant in the intercropping patterns(M/V and M/R).The intercropped M/V and M/R showed 20.9 and 16.3% higher SOC contents compared to sole maize at N1,with no differences at N2.Intercropping green manure led to a 5.3% greater SOC in the 0-20 cm depth soil in 2022 compared to that in 2020,due to the cumulative effect of two years of green manure intercropping.Intercropping green manure(M/V and M/R)increased the proportion of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)and aggregate stability while reducing the proportion of microaggregates compared to sole maize under the N1 application.Structural equation modeling indicated that cropping patterns and nitrogen application levels mainly affect SOC indirectly by regulating the composition of macroaggregates and aggregate organic carbon(AOC).Correlation analysis further revealed that the composition of macroaggregates is significantly and positively correlated with the SOC content(R^(2)=0.64).In addition,intercropping green manure can maintain high crop yields by increasing SOC under reduced chemical nitrogen application.The results of this study show that intercropping green manure with grain crops can be a viable measure for increasing SOC sinks and maize productivity by optimizing the aggregate composition with reduced N application in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area.展开更多
Green manuring is essential for improving soil quality and nutrient uptake.With the gradual depletion of phosphorus(P)resources,more attention is being paid to the role of green manures in cultivation systems,such as ...Green manuring is essential for improving soil quality and nutrient uptake.With the gradual depletion of phosphorus(P)resources,more attention is being paid to the role of green manures in cultivation systems,such as maize-green manure intercropping,to find possible pathways for enhancing soil P utilization.A maize-green manure intercropping experiment was started in 2009 to investigate the effects and mechanisms for enhancing P uptake and yield in maize.Three species of green manures(hairy vetch(HV),needle leaf pea(NP),sweet pea(SP))and a sole maize treatment(CK)were used,resulting in four treatments(CK,HVT,NPT,and SPT)in the experiment.During 2020-2023,the intercropping treatments enhanced maize yields in 2020 and 2021,particularly in HVT with increases of 13.7%(1.96 t ha^(-1))and 13.0%(2.13 t ha^(-1))compared with CK,respectively.Grain P accumulation of maize was significantly higher in the intercropping treatments than CK in 2020,2021,and 2023,and with an average increase of 10.6%over the four years(5.2% for NPT,10.8% for SPT and 15.9% for HVT)compared with CK.Intercropping promoted maize growth with a greater root length density and a higher organic acid release rate.HVT changed the soil properties more dramatically than the other treatments,with increases in the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities of 29.8 and 38.5%,respectively,in the topsoil(0-15 cm),while the soil p H was reduced by 0.37 units compared to CK(p H=8.44).Intercropping treatments facilitated the conversion of non-labile P to mod-labile P and stimulated the growth of soil bacteria in the topsoil.Compared with CK,the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota,known for accumulating polyphosphate,and Actinobacteriota,a prominent source of bioactive compounds,increased significantly in the intercropping treatments,especially in HVT and SPT.A PLS-PM analysis showed that intercropping promoted soil P mobilization and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria by regulating maize root morphology and physiology.Our results highlight that maize-green manure intercropping optimizes root traits,soil properties and bacterial composition,which contribute to greater maize P uptake and yield,providing an effective strategy for sustainable crop production.展开更多
Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping...Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer,plastic film,and mechanical power.These lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops'premature root and canopy senescence.So,the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production.This paper analyzes the manifestations,occurrence mechanisms,and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence.The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper.The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above-and blow-ground interactions,including collocation of crop varieties,spatial arrangement,water and fertilizer management,and tillage and mulch practices.Future research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties,application of molecular biology techniques,and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of intercrops.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops.This would support developing and adopting high-yield,efficient,and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density,limited land,and abundant light and heat resources.展开更多
A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.Ther...A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.There were four treatments comprising of cocoa sole,cocoa/plantain,cocoa/coconut and cocoa/coconut/plantain intercrop.The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block(RCB)replicated three times.Result obtained showed that cocoa/plantain was significantly higher(p<0.05)than all other treatments in all parameters considered and closely followed by cocoa/coconut,then cocoa sole with cocoa/plantain/coconut giving the least performance.The same trend was observed in the nutrient uptake.It was also observed in the trial that the two crops:cocoa and coconut did not show any deleterious effect on their growth when intercropped together.This showed that the two crops are compatible when grown on the same piece of land.Therefore,cocoa/coconut intercrop could be recommended to cocoa farmers in south west Nigeria to increase their revenue generation when coconut starts bearing fruit instead of sole planting of cocoa.展开更多
[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercroppin...[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.展开更多
The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To i...The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To identify the role of DA-6 in mitigating high-density stress and increasing yield,we conducted a two-year field experiment examining changes in branching architecture and other yield traits of soybeans in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems.In the planting system,two soybean cultivars(ND:Nandou 25 and QH:Qihuang 34)were grown under three planting densities(D1:102,000 plants ha^(-1),D2:130,000 plants ha^(-1),D3:158,000 plants ha^(-1))with DA-6 treatments(DA0:water control;DA60:60 mg L^(-1);DA100:100 mg L^(-1)).Applying DA-6 at 60 mg L^(-1)at the fourth trifoliolate leaf stage increased soybean yield,with QH yield rising by 22.4% and 29.5% at D3 density,and ND yield by 29.5% and 30.0% at D2 density in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared with D1 under DA0.DA-6improved photosynthesis in both varieties under D2 density,with DA60 increasing ND canopy photosynthetic rate by 15.1%-16.4% and QG by 9.1%-20.6% over two years.In ND,DA-6 enhanced branching,raising the leaf area index by 37%,branch number from 3.6 to 4.7 per plant,and total pod number by 19.7%.In QH,yield grains were mainly due to a 17% increase in the number of stem pods and a 6.5% improvement in hundred-grain weight.In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system,QH achieved a high yield by forming a high-density(D2 to D3)main stem pod,and ND by combining moderate density(D1 to D2)with DA-6-induced branching.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the impact of soybean intercropping on soil fertility in the planting areas of high-quality peach orchards in Shenxi Town,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province.[Methods]Soil s...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the impact of soybean intercropping on soil fertility in the planting areas of high-quality peach orchards in Shenxi Town,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province.[Methods]Soil samples were collected during the seedling,growth,and maturity stages of soybeans from both non-intercropped soil(control check group,CK)and soybean-intercropped soil(Qiandou 11,experimental group,EK).Analysis was conducted on soil fertility properties,including alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K.[Results]The impact of soybean intercropping on soil physicochemical properties was primarily manifested as the increased levels of alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K and the decreased level of available P in the soil during the seedling,growing,and maturity stages.Overall,this approach optimized and enhanced soil fertility in the peach orchards,providing a viable pathway for soil improvement in peach orchards located in karst areas.[Conclusions]The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the high-quality development of high-quality peach orchards.展开更多
[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor ...[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor and 75%thifensulfuron methyl,were selected for this experiment.A no-herbicide treatment served as the control,and five concentration gradients of the herbicides were established.Prior to sowing,the soil underwent a closed weeding treatment.The impacts of various herbicide concentration combinations on growth indicators,weed control effect,and the yields of soybean and corn across various treatments were analyzed.[Results]The tested combinations of herbicide concentrations did not result in significant phytotoxicity to soybean and corn seedlings.Furthermore,as the herbicide concentrations increased in each treatment,treatments D and E demonstrated the most effective weed control effect.Specifically,40 d post application,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached 97.25% and 98.03% for treatment D,and 97.25% and 98.24% for treatment E,respectively.Additionally,the yields of both soybean and corn showed significant increases.[Conclusions]Considering the overall output-input ratio in this region,treatment D,comprising 96%(S)-metolachlor at 1650 mL/hm^(2) and 75% thifensulfuron-methyl at 48 g/hm^(2),can be identified as the herbicide concentration combination that provides the most effective weed control effect in the soybean and corn strip intercropping system.展开更多
Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is...Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.展开更多
A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural producti...A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.展开更多
Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.How...Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.展开更多
In recent years,due to China's limited resources of arable land area,the disparity between the supply and demand of soybeans is considerable,which makes intercropping widely used in agriculture,especially intercro...In recent years,due to China's limited resources of arable land area,the disparity between the supply and demand of soybeans is considerable,which makes intercropping widely used in agriculture,especially intercropping of cereals and legumes.Intercropping is a fundamental technique to enhance the field climate,optimize light use,increase biodiversity,decrease the occurrence of harmful organisms and diseases,and maximize resource utilization and land use efficiency.In order to clarify the effects of maize and soybean in intercropping and monoculture modes,this study analyzed 50 English literatures and 45 Chinese literatures,focusing on plant height,root morphology,leaf area index(LAI),relative chlorophyll content and other influencing factors.These analyses laid a good foundation for the further study of maize-soybean intercropping system.It was observed that in the maize-soybean intercropping system,the marginal effect of maize and the nitrogen-fixing function of soybean should be fully utilised,while taking into account the suitability of monocropping and intercropping modes.To this end,the yields of maize and soybean can be improved by reducing maize-soybean row spacing,increasing maize-soybean belt spacing and an increase in the number of rows of soybeans to be able to reduce the degree of shading,and increasing the light of soybean,In addition,it is necessary to choose the best intercropping pattern and other measures according to the crop growth conditions in different areas and the sunshine situation in different local directions,in order to achieve high yields of soybeans and maize.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32372238)+1 种基金the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-22-G-12)the“Innovation Star”Program of Graduate Students in 2025 of Gansu Province,China(2025CXZX-749)。
文摘Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is unknown.This study used a six-year(2017-2022)field study to explore the impacts of intercropping green manure with maize and reducing nitrogen fertilization on SOC stocks,while specifically focusing on the relationship between aggregate composition and carbon sequestration.Maize intercropped with common vetch(M/V),maize intercropped with rapeseed(M/R),and sole maize(M),were each tested at conventional(N2,360 kg ha^(-1))and reduced(N1,270 kg ha^(-1),25% reduced)N application rates.Soil was sampled in 2020,2021,and 2022.Compared with sole maize,intercropping with green manure(M/V and M/R)significantly increased SOC stocks which compensated for any negative effect due to the 25% reduction in N application.Based on 3-year averages,intercropping with M/V and M/R increased the SOC content compared to sole maize(M)by 12.1 and 9.1%,respectively,with intercropping further mitigating the negative impact of reduced nitrogen application.There was no significant difference between M/V and M/R.The SOC content at N1 was reduced by 9.3-10.5%compared to that at N2 in sole maize,but the differences in SOC stocks between N1 and N2 were not significant in the intercropping patterns(M/V and M/R).The intercropped M/V and M/R showed 20.9 and 16.3% higher SOC contents compared to sole maize at N1,with no differences at N2.Intercropping green manure led to a 5.3% greater SOC in the 0-20 cm depth soil in 2022 compared to that in 2020,due to the cumulative effect of two years of green manure intercropping.Intercropping green manure(M/V and M/R)increased the proportion of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)and aggregate stability while reducing the proportion of microaggregates compared to sole maize under the N1 application.Structural equation modeling indicated that cropping patterns and nitrogen application levels mainly affect SOC indirectly by regulating the composition of macroaggregates and aggregate organic carbon(AOC).Correlation analysis further revealed that the composition of macroaggregates is significantly and positively correlated with the SOC content(R^(2)=0.64).In addition,intercropping green manure can maintain high crop yields by increasing SOC under reduced chemical nitrogen application.The results of this study show that intercropping green manure with grain crops can be a viable measure for increasing SOC sinks and maize productivity by optimizing the aggregate composition with reduced N application in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFD1700200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402686)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution,China(1610132022013)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe China National Crop Germplasm Resources Platform for Green Manure(NICGR-2024-19)。
文摘Green manuring is essential for improving soil quality and nutrient uptake.With the gradual depletion of phosphorus(P)resources,more attention is being paid to the role of green manures in cultivation systems,such as maize-green manure intercropping,to find possible pathways for enhancing soil P utilization.A maize-green manure intercropping experiment was started in 2009 to investigate the effects and mechanisms for enhancing P uptake and yield in maize.Three species of green manures(hairy vetch(HV),needle leaf pea(NP),sweet pea(SP))and a sole maize treatment(CK)were used,resulting in four treatments(CK,HVT,NPT,and SPT)in the experiment.During 2020-2023,the intercropping treatments enhanced maize yields in 2020 and 2021,particularly in HVT with increases of 13.7%(1.96 t ha^(-1))and 13.0%(2.13 t ha^(-1))compared with CK,respectively.Grain P accumulation of maize was significantly higher in the intercropping treatments than CK in 2020,2021,and 2023,and with an average increase of 10.6%over the four years(5.2% for NPT,10.8% for SPT and 15.9% for HVT)compared with CK.Intercropping promoted maize growth with a greater root length density and a higher organic acid release rate.HVT changed the soil properties more dramatically than the other treatments,with increases in the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities of 29.8 and 38.5%,respectively,in the topsoil(0-15 cm),while the soil p H was reduced by 0.37 units compared to CK(p H=8.44).Intercropping treatments facilitated the conversion of non-labile P to mod-labile P and stimulated the growth of soil bacteria in the topsoil.Compared with CK,the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota,known for accumulating polyphosphate,and Actinobacteriota,a prominent source of bioactive compounds,increased significantly in the intercropping treatments,especially in HVT and SPT.A PLS-PM analysis showed that intercropping promoted soil P mobilization and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria by regulating maize root morphology and physiology.Our results highlight that maize-green manure intercropping optimizes root traits,soil properties and bacterial composition,which contribute to greater maize P uptake and yield,providing an effective strategy for sustainable crop production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857 and U21A20218)the China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund(GSAU-DKZY-2024-001)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program in Gansu Province,China(24ZDNA008and23JRRA1407)the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University,China(Gaufx-03Y10).
文摘Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer,plastic film,and mechanical power.These lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops'premature root and canopy senescence.So,the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production.This paper analyzes the manifestations,occurrence mechanisms,and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence.The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper.The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above-and blow-ground interactions,including collocation of crop varieties,spatial arrangement,water and fertilizer management,and tillage and mulch practices.Future research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties,application of molecular biology techniques,and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of intercrops.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops.This would support developing and adopting high-yield,efficient,and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density,limited land,and abundant light and heat resources.
文摘A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.There were four treatments comprising of cocoa sole,cocoa/plantain,cocoa/coconut and cocoa/coconut/plantain intercrop.The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block(RCB)replicated three times.Result obtained showed that cocoa/plantain was significantly higher(p<0.05)than all other treatments in all parameters considered and closely followed by cocoa/coconut,then cocoa sole with cocoa/plantain/coconut giving the least performance.The same trend was observed in the nutrient uptake.It was also observed in the trial that the two crops:cocoa and coconut did not show any deleterious effect on their growth when intercropped together.This showed that the two crops are compatible when grown on the same piece of land.Therefore,cocoa/coconut intercrop could be recommended to cocoa farmers in south west Nigeria to increase their revenue generation when coconut starts bearing fruit instead of sole planting of cocoa.
文摘[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04-PS21)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300401)a recipient of a joint Ph.D.scholarship supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(202306910067)。
文摘The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To identify the role of DA-6 in mitigating high-density stress and increasing yield,we conducted a two-year field experiment examining changes in branching architecture and other yield traits of soybeans in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems.In the planting system,two soybean cultivars(ND:Nandou 25 and QH:Qihuang 34)were grown under three planting densities(D1:102,000 plants ha^(-1),D2:130,000 plants ha^(-1),D3:158,000 plants ha^(-1))with DA-6 treatments(DA0:water control;DA60:60 mg L^(-1);DA100:100 mg L^(-1)).Applying DA-6 at 60 mg L^(-1)at the fourth trifoliolate leaf stage increased soybean yield,with QH yield rising by 22.4% and 29.5% at D3 density,and ND yield by 29.5% and 30.0% at D2 density in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared with D1 under DA0.DA-6improved photosynthesis in both varieties under D2 density,with DA60 increasing ND canopy photosynthetic rate by 15.1%-16.4% and QG by 9.1%-20.6% over two years.In ND,DA-6 enhanced branching,raising the leaf area index by 37%,branch number from 3.6 to 4.7 per plant,and total pod number by 19.7%.In QH,yield grains were mainly due to a 17% increase in the number of stem pods and a 6.5% improvement in hundred-grain weight.In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system,QH achieved a high yield by forming a high-density(D2 to D3)main stem pod,and ND by combining moderate density(D1 to D2)with DA-6-induced branching.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou Province(S2024106642161)Zunyi City and Zunyi Normal University Joint Technology Research Fund(ZSKH HZ Z(2023)159)+3 种基金Zunyi Science and Technology Support Program Project(ZSKHZC NS[2023]15)Science and Technology Commissioner Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Training Demonstration Base of Guizhou Province(HHG2025001)Natural Science Research Project of Department of Education of Guizhou Province(QJJ[2023]043)Zunyi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(ZKCTD008).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the impact of soybean intercropping on soil fertility in the planting areas of high-quality peach orchards in Shenxi Town,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province.[Methods]Soil samples were collected during the seedling,growth,and maturity stages of soybeans from both non-intercropped soil(control check group,CK)and soybean-intercropped soil(Qiandou 11,experimental group,EK).Analysis was conducted on soil fertility properties,including alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K.[Results]The impact of soybean intercropping on soil physicochemical properties was primarily manifested as the increased levels of alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K and the decreased level of available P in the soil during the seedling,growing,and maturity stages.Overall,this approach optimized and enhanced soil fertility in the peach orchards,providing a viable pathway for soil improvement in peach orchards located in karst areas.[Conclusions]The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the high-quality development of high-quality peach orchards.
基金Supported by 2024-2025 Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhongwei City in the Field of Agriculture,Rural Areas and Social Development"Precision Fertilization Trial Study for Soybean and Corn Strip Intercropping in 2025"(2024nync006)"Smart Innovation for the Future"Talent Cultivation Project of Zhongwei City(WDRCB[2023]6).
文摘[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor and 75%thifensulfuron methyl,were selected for this experiment.A no-herbicide treatment served as the control,and five concentration gradients of the herbicides were established.Prior to sowing,the soil underwent a closed weeding treatment.The impacts of various herbicide concentration combinations on growth indicators,weed control effect,and the yields of soybean and corn across various treatments were analyzed.[Results]The tested combinations of herbicide concentrations did not result in significant phytotoxicity to soybean and corn seedlings.Furthermore,as the herbicide concentrations increased in each treatment,treatments D and E demonstrated the most effective weed control effect.Specifically,40 d post application,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached 97.25% and 98.03% for treatment D,and 97.25% and 98.24% for treatment E,respectively.Additionally,the yields of both soybean and corn showed significant increases.[Conclusions]Considering the overall output-input ratio in this region,treatment D,comprising 96%(S)-metolachlor at 1650 mL/hm^(2) and 75% thifensulfuron-methyl at 48 g/hm^(2),can be identified as the herbicide concentration combination that provides the most effective weed control effect in the soybean and corn strip intercropping system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000504 and 2023YFD1901300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172658,32172659 and 32302662)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010826).
文摘Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.
基金supported by the‘Double First-Class’Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province,China(GSSYLXM-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32160765)+3 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22-G-12)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA037 and 21JR7RA836)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Province,China(03824034)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University,China(202403)。
文摘A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31250512).
文摘Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.
文摘In recent years,due to China's limited resources of arable land area,the disparity between the supply and demand of soybeans is considerable,which makes intercropping widely used in agriculture,especially intercropping of cereals and legumes.Intercropping is a fundamental technique to enhance the field climate,optimize light use,increase biodiversity,decrease the occurrence of harmful organisms and diseases,and maximize resource utilization and land use efficiency.In order to clarify the effects of maize and soybean in intercropping and monoculture modes,this study analyzed 50 English literatures and 45 Chinese literatures,focusing on plant height,root morphology,leaf area index(LAI),relative chlorophyll content and other influencing factors.These analyses laid a good foundation for the further study of maize-soybean intercropping system.It was observed that in the maize-soybean intercropping system,the marginal effect of maize and the nitrogen-fixing function of soybean should be fully utilised,while taking into account the suitability of monocropping and intercropping modes.To this end,the yields of maize and soybean can be improved by reducing maize-soybean row spacing,increasing maize-soybean belt spacing and an increase in the number of rows of soybeans to be able to reduce the degree of shading,and increasing the light of soybean,In addition,it is necessary to choose the best intercropping pattern and other measures according to the crop growth conditions in different areas and the sunshine situation in different local directions,in order to achieve high yields of soybeans and maize.
