A new circuit for realization of universal current-mode filter using current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes current-mode low pass, high pass and band pass filt...A new circuit for realization of universal current-mode filter using current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes current-mode low pass, high pass and band pass filter functions simultaneously with a single current source at the input. The band reject and all pass filters can also be obtained from the proposed circuit without any extra hardware. The proposed circuit employs three passive grounded elements and two CFTAs. Linear electronic control of natural frequency ω0 is available in the proposed circuit. The quality factor can be independently adjusted through grounded resistor. The proposed circuit employs two grounded capacitors and a grounded resistor along with two CFTAs. The grounded resistor can be replaced by an OTA based circuit for linear electronic control of quality factor Q0. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities for ω0 and Q0. Simulation results are obtained using PSPICE software which is in conformity with the theoretical findings.展开更多
The much awaited Africa Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA), which is expected to scale up intra-trade, finally comes into force after The Gambia ratified it. It is the 22nd country to so. The agreement, enacted one ye...The much awaited Africa Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA), which is expected to scale up intra-trade, finally comes into force after The Gambia ratified it. It is the 22nd country to so. The agreement, enacted one year ago by 44 African heads of state and governments in Kigali, Rwanda, needed a minimum of 22 countries to ratify for it to come into effect.展开更多
文摘A new circuit for realization of universal current-mode filter using current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes current-mode low pass, high pass and band pass filter functions simultaneously with a single current source at the input. The band reject and all pass filters can also be obtained from the proposed circuit without any extra hardware. The proposed circuit employs three passive grounded elements and two CFTAs. Linear electronic control of natural frequency ω0 is available in the proposed circuit. The quality factor can be independently adjusted through grounded resistor. The proposed circuit employs two grounded capacitors and a grounded resistor along with two CFTAs. The grounded resistor can be replaced by an OTA based circuit for linear electronic control of quality factor Q0. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities for ω0 and Q0. Simulation results are obtained using PSPICE software which is in conformity with the theoretical findings.
文摘The much awaited Africa Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA), which is expected to scale up intra-trade, finally comes into force after The Gambia ratified it. It is the 22nd country to so. The agreement, enacted one year ago by 44 African heads of state and governments in Kigali, Rwanda, needed a minimum of 22 countries to ratify for it to come into effect.
