In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water cr...In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.展开更多
Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors c...Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.展开更多
Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with re...Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...展开更多
Shape memory polymers （SMPs） as one type of the most important smart materials have attracted increasing attention due to their promising application in the field of biomedicine, textiles, aerospace et al. Following...Shape memory polymers （SMPs） as one type of the most important smart materials have attracted increasing attention due to their promising application in the field of biomedicine, textiles, aerospace et al. Following a brief intoduction of the conception and classification of SMPs, this review is focused on the progress of shape memory polymers for biomedical applications. The progress includes the early researches based on thermo-induced SMPs, the improvement of the stimulus, the development of shape recovery ways and the expansion of the applications in biomedical field. In addition, future perspectives of SMPs in the field of biomedicine are also discussed.展开更多
Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） were prepared using tetracycline as template,methacrylic acid as monomer and glycidilmethacrylate as pro-hydrophilic co-monomer.Compared with common MIPs,the imprinti...Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） were prepared using tetracycline as template,methacrylic acid as monomer and glycidilmethacrylate as pro-hydrophilic co-monomer.Compared with common MIPs,the imprinting effect and adsorption amounts of hydrophilic MIPs for tetracycline（TC） were greatly improved in water media.Furthermore,the electrochemical sensor fabricated by modifying hydrophilic MIPs on glassy carbon electrode was developed for the determination of TC in foodstuff samples.展开更多
The present review aims to highlight the applications of thermoresponsive polymers.Thermo-responsive polymers show a sharp change in properties upon a small or modest change in temperature.This behaviour can be utiliz...The present review aims to highlight the applications of thermoresponsive polymers.Thermo-responsive polymers show a sharp change in properties upon a small or modest change in temperature.This behaviour can be utilized for the preparation of so-called‘smart’drug delivery systems,which mimic biological response behaviour to a certain extent.Such materials are used in the development of several applications,such as drug delivery systems,tissue engineering scaffolds and gene delivery.Advances in this field are particularly relevant to applications in the areas of regenerative medicine and drug delivery.This review addresses summary of the main applications of thermoresponsive polymers which are categorized based on their 3-dimensional structure;hydrogels,interpenetrating networks,micelles,films and particles.The physico-chemical behaviour underlying the phase transition is also discussed in brief.展开更多
Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and conformability.The growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing we...Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and conformability.The growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing wearable biosensors have accelerated the development of point-of-care sensing platforms and implantable biomedical devices in human health care.Among numerous potential materials,conjugated polymers(CPs)are emerging as ideal choices for constructing high-performance wearable biosensors because of their outstanding conductive and mechanical properties.Recently,CPs have been extensively incorporated into various wearable biosensors to monitor a range of target biomolecules.However,fabricating highly reliable CP-based wearable biosensors for practical applications remains a significant challenge,necessitating novel developmental strategies for enhancing the viability of such biosensors.Accordingly,this review aims to provide consolidated scientific evidence by summarizing and evaluating recent studies focused on designing and fabricating CP-based wearable biosensors,thereby facilitating future research.Emphasizing the superior properties and benefits of CPs,this review aims to clarify their potential applicability within this field.Furthermore,the fundamentals and main components of CP-based wearable biosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in detail.The recent advancements in CP nanostructures and hybridizations for improved sensing performance,along with recent innovations in next-generation wearable biosensors are highlighted.CPbased wearable biosensors have been—and will continue to be—an ideal platform for developing effective and user-friendly diagnostic technologies for human health monitoring.展开更多
The synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic copolymers of poly（dimethyl siloxane）(PDMS),poly（ethylene oxide）(PEO), and heparin（Hep） were investigated. These multiblock copolymers wereidentified using;H-NMR...The synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic copolymers of poly（dimethyl siloxane）(PDMS),poly（ethylene oxide）(PEO), and heparin（Hep） were investigated. These multiblock copolymers wereidentified using;H-NMR, FTIR, end group analysis, and sulfur elemental analysis. The multiblockcopolymers were characterized by using DSC and X-ray diffractometry. The glass transition temperature,crystalline melting characteristics, annealing effect, and cold crystallization of the block copolymers weredetermined by DSC. The crystallinity of the block copolymers was also determined by X-ray diffractionmethod.展开更多
Origin and Overview Biodegradable polymer,according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC),is defined as“polymer susceptible to degradation by biological activity,with the degradation accompa...Origin and Overview Biodegradable polymer,according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC),is defined as“polymer susceptible to degradation by biological activity,with the degradation accompanied by a lowering of its molar mass”.More specifically,biodegradable polymer should ultimately degrade into CO_(2) and water.展开更多
This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Ma...This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.展开更多
Novel bioengineering functional organoboron polymers were synthesized by 1) amidolysis of poly(acrcylic acid) (PAA) with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-AEPB), 2) esterification of organoboron PAA polymer (PAA-B) wit...Novel bioengineering functional organoboron polymers were synthesized by 1) amidolysis of poly(acrcylic acid) (PAA) with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-AEPB), 2) esterification of organoboron PAA polymer (PAA-B) with a-hydroxy-methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a compatibilizer and 3) conjugation of organoboron PEO branches (PAA-B-PEO) with folic acid (FA) as a targeting agent. Structure and composition of the synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR-ATR and 1H (13C) NMR spectroscopy, chemical and physical analysis methods. Anti-tumor activity of organoboron functional polymer and its complex with FA (PAA-B-PEO-F) against cancer and normal cells were evaluated by using different biochemical methods such as cytotoxicity, statistical, apoptotic and necrotic cell indexes, double staining and caspase-3 immune staining, light and fluorescence inverted microscope analyses. It was found that citotoxicity and apoptotic/necrotic effects of polymers significantly depend on the structure and composition of studied polymers, and increase the following raw: PAA << PAA-B < PAA-B-PEO < PAA-B-PEO-F. Among them, PAA-B-PEO-F complex at 400 mg mL–1 concentration as a therapeutic drug exhibits minimal toxicity toward the nor-mal cells, but influential for HeLa cancer cells.展开更多
Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of ...Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.展开更多
Partially biobased polysilylethers(PSEs)are synthesized via dehydrocoupling polymerization catalyzed by an anionic iridium complex.Different types(AB type or AA and BB type)of monomers are suitable.Levulinic acid(LA)a...Partially biobased polysilylethers(PSEs)are synthesized via dehydrocoupling polymerization catalyzed by an anionic iridium complex.Different types(AB type or AA and BB type)of monomers are suitable.Levulinic acid(LA)and succinic acid(SA)have been ranked within the top 10 chemicals derived from biomass.BB type monomers(diols)derived from LA and SA have been applied to the synthesis of PSEs.The polymerization reactions employ an air-stable anionic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridonate ligand as catalyst.Moderate to high yields of polymers with number-average molecular weights(Mn)up to 4.38×104 were obtained.A possible catalytic cycle via an Ir-H species is presented.Based on the results of kinetic experiments,apparent activation energy of polymerization in the tempe rature range of 0-10℃is about 38.6 kJ/mol.The PSEs synthesized from AA and BB type monomers possess good thermal stability(T5=418℃to 437℃)and low glass-transition temperature(Tg=49.6℃).展开更多
Thermoresponsive biotinylated dendronized copolymers carrying dendritic oligoethylene glycol（OEG）pendants were prepared via free radical polymerization,and their protein recognitions based on biotin-avidin interacti...Thermoresponsive biotinylated dendronized copolymers carrying dendritic oligoethylene glycol（OEG）pendants were prepared via free radical polymerization,and their protein recognitions based on biotin-avidin interaction investigated.Both first（PG1） and second generation（PG2） dendronized copolymers were designed to examine possible thickness effects on the interaction between biotin and avidin.Inherited from the outstanding thermoresponsive properties from OEG dendrons,these biotinylated cylindrical copolymers show characteristic thermoresponsive behavior which provides an envelope to capture avidin through switching temperatures above or below their phase transition temperatures（T_（cp）s）.Thus,the recognition of polymer-supported biotin with avidin was investigated with UV/vis spectroscopy and dynamic laser light scattering.In contrast to the case for PG1,the increased thickness for copolymer PG2 hinders partially and inhibits the recognition of biotin moieties with avidin either below or above its T_（cp）.This demonstrates the significant architecture effects from dendronized polymers on the biotin moieties to shift onto periphery of the collapsed aggregates,which should be a prerequisite for protein recognition.These kinds of novel thermoresponsive copolymers may pave a way for the interesting biological applications in areas such as reversible activity control of enzyme or proteins,and for controlled delivery of drugs or genes.展开更多
Sulphonated nano-structured micro-porous ion exchange polymers, known as sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymers （s-PHPs） were used in syngas cleaning to investigate their impact on tar composition, concentration and dew poin...Sulphonated nano-structured micro-porous ion exchange polymers, known as sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymers （s-PHPs） were used in syngas cleaning to investigate their impact on tar composition, concentration and dew point depression during the gasification of fuel cane bagasse as a model biomass. The results showed that the s-PHPs used as a secondary syngas treatment system, was highly effective at adsorbing and reducing the concentration of all class of tars in syngas by 95%-80% which resulted in tar dew point depression from 90 ~C to 73 ~C. It was shown that tars underwent chemical reactions within s-PHPs, indicating that tar diffusion from syngas was driven by chemical potential. It was also observed that s-PHPs also captured ash forming elements from syngas. The use of s-PHPs in gasification as well as in an integrated thermochemical biorefinery technology is discussed since the tar loaded s-PHPs can be used as natural herbicides in the form of soil additives to enhance the biomass growth and crop yield.展开更多
Macroporous poly [(chloromethyl) styrene-co-divinylbenzene] continuous rod was prepared by direct polymerization of the monomers in the presence of a porogenic diluent inside an empty chromatographic column. A new ...Macroporous poly [(chloromethyl) styrene-co-divinylbenzene] continuous rod was prepared by direct polymerization of the monomers in the presence of a porogenic diluent inside an empty chromatographic column. A new 'in-situ' technique was used to modify the synthesized polymer rod for a weak cation exchanger and it has been used successfully for the separation of biopolymers. It was found that the back pressure of the continuous rod column was much lower and its surface was proved to be modified well.展开更多
Novel biodegradable copolymer poly（CC-co-EEP） was synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic carbonate 9-phenyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro-[5, 5]undcane-3-one （CC） and ethylene ethyl phosphate （EEP）. ...Novel biodegradable copolymer poly（CC-co-EEP） was synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic carbonate 9-phenyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro-[5, 5]undcane-3-one （CC） and ethylene ethyl phosphate （EEP）. The obtained poly （CC-co-EEP）s were characterized by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. In vitro hydrolytic degradation of the copolymers were investigated in phosphate buffer solution （pH=7.4）. Hydrophilic phosphate units apparently improved the degradability of poly（carbonate-phosphate）.展开更多
Bioadhesive polymers can serve as surgical sealants with a wide range of potential clinical applications, including augmentation of wound closure and acute induction of hemostasis. Key determinants of sealant efficacy...Bioadhesive polymers can serve as surgical sealants with a wide range of potential clinical applications, including augmentation of wound closure and acute induction of hemostasis. Key determinants of sealant efficacy include the strength and duration of tissue-material adhesion, as well as material biocompatibility. Canonical bioadhesive materials, however, are limited by a tradeoff among performance criteria that is largely governed by the efficiency of tissue-material interactions. In general, increasingly bioreactive materials are endowed with greater bioadhesive potential and protracted residence time, but incite more tissue damage and localized inflammation. One emergent strategy to improve sealant clinical performance is application-specific material design, with the goal of leveraging both local soft tissue surface chemistry and environmental factors to promote adhesive tissue-material interactions. We hypothesize that copolymer systems with equivalent bioreactive group densities (isoreactive) but different amounts/oxidation states of constituent polymers will exhibit differential interactions across soft tissue types. We synthesized an isoreactive family of aldehyde-mediated co-polymers, and subjected these materials to physical (gelation time), mechanical (bulk modulus and adhesion strength), and biological (in-vitro cytotoxicity and in-vivo biocompatibility) assays indicative of sealant performance. Results show that while bioadhesion to a range of soft tissue surfaces (porcine aortic adventitia, renal artery adventitia, renal cortex, and pericardium) varies with isoreactive manipulation, general indicators of material biocompatibility remain constant. Together these findings suggest that isore-active tuning of polymeric systems is a promising strategy to circumvent current challenges in surgical sealant applications.展开更多
文摘In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0025 and 2024YFFK0133)supported by the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.”。
文摘Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.
文摘Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21574105 and 51725303)the Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team (No.2016TD0026)
文摘Shape memory polymers （SMPs） as one type of the most important smart materials have attracted increasing attention due to their promising application in the field of biomedicine, textiles, aerospace et al. Following a brief intoduction of the conception and classification of SMPs, this review is focused on the progress of shape memory polymers for biomedical applications. The progress includes the early researches based on thermo-induced SMPs, the improvement of the stimulus, the development of shape recovery ways and the expansion of the applications in biomedical field. In addition, future perspectives of SMPs in the field of biomedicine are also discussed.
基金supported by NSFC (29774036200174048) and National 863 Project (NO. 2001AA334060) aswell as SKLPPC Foundation Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences & Materials
基金financed by the Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of PRC(Nos.2006IK152,2009IK 130 and 200910085)
文摘Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） were prepared using tetracycline as template,methacrylic acid as monomer and glycidilmethacrylate as pro-hydrophilic co-monomer.Compared with common MIPs,the imprinting effect and adsorption amounts of hydrophilic MIPs for tetracycline（TC） were greatly improved in water media.Furthermore,the electrochemical sensor fabricated by modifying hydrophilic MIPs on glassy carbon electrode was developed for the determination of TC in foodstuff samples.
文摘The present review aims to highlight the applications of thermoresponsive polymers.Thermo-responsive polymers show a sharp change in properties upon a small or modest change in temperature.This behaviour can be utilized for the preparation of so-called‘smart’drug delivery systems,which mimic biological response behaviour to a certain extent.Such materials are used in the development of several applications,such as drug delivery systems,tissue engineering scaffolds and gene delivery.Advances in this field are particularly relevant to applications in the areas of regenerative medicine and drug delivery.This review addresses summary of the main applications of thermoresponsive polymers which are categorized based on their 3-dimensional structure;hydrogels,interpenetrating networks,micelles,films and particles.The physico-chemical behaviour underlying the phase transition is also discussed in brief.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021R1A2C2004109)the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(No.P0020612,2022 The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist).
文摘Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and conformability.The growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing wearable biosensors have accelerated the development of point-of-care sensing platforms and implantable biomedical devices in human health care.Among numerous potential materials,conjugated polymers(CPs)are emerging as ideal choices for constructing high-performance wearable biosensors because of their outstanding conductive and mechanical properties.Recently,CPs have been extensively incorporated into various wearable biosensors to monitor a range of target biomolecules.However,fabricating highly reliable CP-based wearable biosensors for practical applications remains a significant challenge,necessitating novel developmental strategies for enhancing the viability of such biosensors.Accordingly,this review aims to provide consolidated scientific evidence by summarizing and evaluating recent studies focused on designing and fabricating CP-based wearable biosensors,thereby facilitating future research.Emphasizing the superior properties and benefits of CPs,this review aims to clarify their potential applicability within this field.Furthermore,the fundamentals and main components of CP-based wearable biosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in detail.The recent advancements in CP nanostructures and hybridizations for improved sensing performance,along with recent innovations in next-generation wearable biosensors are highlighted.CPbased wearable biosensors have been—and will continue to be—an ideal platform for developing effective and user-friendly diagnostic technologies for human health monitoring.
文摘The synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic copolymers of poly（dimethyl siloxane）(PDMS),poly（ethylene oxide）(PEO), and heparin（Hep） were investigated. These multiblock copolymers wereidentified using;H-NMR, FTIR, end group analysis, and sulfur elemental analysis. The multiblockcopolymers were characterized by using DSC and X-ray diffractometry. The glass transition temperature,crystalline melting characteristics, annealing effect, and cold crystallization of the block copolymers weredetermined by DSC. The crystallinity of the block copolymers was also determined by X-ray diffractionmethod.
文摘Origin and Overview Biodegradable polymer,according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC),is defined as“polymer susceptible to degradation by biological activity,with the degradation accompanied by a lowering of its molar mass”.More specifically,biodegradable polymer should ultimately degrade into CO_(2) and water.
文摘This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.
文摘Novel bioengineering functional organoboron polymers were synthesized by 1) amidolysis of poly(acrcylic acid) (PAA) with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-AEPB), 2) esterification of organoboron PAA polymer (PAA-B) with a-hydroxy-methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a compatibilizer and 3) conjugation of organoboron PEO branches (PAA-B-PEO) with folic acid (FA) as a targeting agent. Structure and composition of the synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR-ATR and 1H (13C) NMR spectroscopy, chemical and physical analysis methods. Anti-tumor activity of organoboron functional polymer and its complex with FA (PAA-B-PEO-F) against cancer and normal cells were evaluated by using different biochemical methods such as cytotoxicity, statistical, apoptotic and necrotic cell indexes, double staining and caspase-3 immune staining, light and fluorescence inverted microscope analyses. It was found that citotoxicity and apoptotic/necrotic effects of polymers significantly depend on the structure and composition of studied polymers, and increase the following raw: PAA << PAA-B < PAA-B-PEO < PAA-B-PEO-F. Among them, PAA-B-PEO-F complex at 400 mg mL–1 concentration as a therapeutic drug exhibits minimal toxicity toward the nor-mal cells, but influential for HeLa cancer cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21575114 and 21475104)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No. 16JS114)
文摘Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21690074)Dalian Bureau of Science and Technology(No.2016RD07)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB17020300)。
文摘Partially biobased polysilylethers(PSEs)are synthesized via dehydrocoupling polymerization catalyzed by an anionic iridium complex.Different types(AB type or AA and BB type)of monomers are suitable.Levulinic acid(LA)and succinic acid(SA)have been ranked within the top 10 chemicals derived from biomass.BB type monomers(diols)derived from LA and SA have been applied to the synthesis of PSEs.The polymerization reactions employ an air-stable anionic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridonate ligand as catalyst.Moderate to high yields of polymers with number-average molecular weights(Mn)up to 4.38×104 were obtained.A possible catalytic cycle via an Ir-H species is presented.Based on the results of kinetic experiments,apparent activation energy of polymerization in the tempe rature range of 0-10℃is about 38.6 kJ/mol.The PSEs synthesized from AA and BB type monomers possess good thermal stability(T5=418℃to 437℃)and low glass-transition temperature(Tg=49.6℃).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21374058,21474060 and 21574078)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No 201331081100166)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.16QA1401800)
文摘Thermoresponsive biotinylated dendronized copolymers carrying dendritic oligoethylene glycol（OEG）pendants were prepared via free radical polymerization,and their protein recognitions based on biotin-avidin interaction investigated.Both first（PG1） and second generation（PG2） dendronized copolymers were designed to examine possible thickness effects on the interaction between biotin and avidin.Inherited from the outstanding thermoresponsive properties from OEG dendrons,these biotinylated cylindrical copolymers show characteristic thermoresponsive behavior which provides an envelope to capture avidin through switching temperatures above or below their phase transition temperatures（T_（cp）s）.Thus,the recognition of polymer-supported biotin with avidin was investigated with UV/vis spectroscopy and dynamic laser light scattering.In contrast to the case for PG1,the increased thickness for copolymer PG2 hinders partially and inhibits the recognition of biotin moieties with avidin either below or above its T_（cp）.This demonstrates the significant architecture effects from dendronized polymers on the biotin moieties to shift onto periphery of the collapsed aggregates,which should be a prerequisite for protein recognition.These kinds of novel thermoresponsive copolymers may pave a way for the interesting biological applications in areas such as reversible activity control of enzyme or proteins,and for controlled delivery of drugs or genes.
基金supported by the EU FP7 Integrated Project(COPIRIDE)Andrea Jordan was supported for her PhD studies by a National Development Scholarship from the Government of Barbados+1 种基金a research grant from the Barbados Light and Power Company Limited which also supplied fuel cane bagasse for the experimentsAbdulaziz Mohamed was supported for his PhD studies by the Libyan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
文摘Sulphonated nano-structured micro-porous ion exchange polymers, known as sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymers （s-PHPs） were used in syngas cleaning to investigate their impact on tar composition, concentration and dew point depression during the gasification of fuel cane bagasse as a model biomass. The results showed that the s-PHPs used as a secondary syngas treatment system, was highly effective at adsorbing and reducing the concentration of all class of tars in syngas by 95%-80% which resulted in tar dew point depression from 90 ~C to 73 ~C. It was shown that tars underwent chemical reactions within s-PHPs, indicating that tar diffusion from syngas was driven by chemical potential. It was also observed that s-PHPs also captured ash forming elements from syngas. The use of s-PHPs in gasification as well as in an integrated thermochemical biorefinery technology is discussed since the tar loaded s-PHPs can be used as natural herbicides in the form of soil additives to enhance the biomass growth and crop yield.
文摘Macroporous poly [(chloromethyl) styrene-co-divinylbenzene] continuous rod was prepared by direct polymerization of the monomers in the presence of a porogenic diluent inside an empty chromatographic column. A new 'in-situ' technique was used to modify the synthesized polymer rod for a weak cation exchanger and it has been used successfully for the separation of biopolymers. It was found that the back pressure of the continuous rod column was much lower and its surface was proved to be modified well.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support of National Key Basic Research and Development Program （2005CB623903） National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 20174029）.
文摘Novel biodegradable copolymer poly（CC-co-EEP） was synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic carbonate 9-phenyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro-[5, 5]undcane-3-one （CC） and ethylene ethyl phosphate （EEP）. The obtained poly （CC-co-EEP）s were characterized by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. In vitro hydrolytic degradation of the copolymers were investigated in phosphate buffer solution （pH=7.4）. Hydrophilic phosphate units apparently improved the degradability of poly（carbonate-phosphate）.
文摘Bioadhesive polymers can serve as surgical sealants with a wide range of potential clinical applications, including augmentation of wound closure and acute induction of hemostasis. Key determinants of sealant efficacy include the strength and duration of tissue-material adhesion, as well as material biocompatibility. Canonical bioadhesive materials, however, are limited by a tradeoff among performance criteria that is largely governed by the efficiency of tissue-material interactions. In general, increasingly bioreactive materials are endowed with greater bioadhesive potential and protracted residence time, but incite more tissue damage and localized inflammation. One emergent strategy to improve sealant clinical performance is application-specific material design, with the goal of leveraging both local soft tissue surface chemistry and environmental factors to promote adhesive tissue-material interactions. We hypothesize that copolymer systems with equivalent bioreactive group densities (isoreactive) but different amounts/oxidation states of constituent polymers will exhibit differential interactions across soft tissue types. We synthesized an isoreactive family of aldehyde-mediated co-polymers, and subjected these materials to physical (gelation time), mechanical (bulk modulus and adhesion strength), and biological (in-vitro cytotoxicity and in-vivo biocompatibility) assays indicative of sealant performance. Results show that while bioadhesion to a range of soft tissue surfaces (porcine aortic adventitia, renal artery adventitia, renal cortex, and pericardium) varies with isoreactive manipulation, general indicators of material biocompatibility remain constant. Together these findings suggest that isore-active tuning of polymeric systems is a promising strategy to circumvent current challenges in surgical sealant applications.
