This study investigates prescribed-time position tracking control for electromagnetic satellite formations subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances.Using the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations as the relativ...This study investigates prescribed-time position tracking control for electromagnetic satellite formations subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances.Using the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations as the relative motion dynamics model,a prescribed time output feedback control strategy is proposed.A prescribed-time extended state observer is designed to estimate the relative velocity and external disturbances.The disturbance estimates are then used as the feedforward component of the controller.Building on this framework,a novel prescribed-time active disturbance rejection control strategy for position tracking is developed via a backstepping control design.The convergence of the extended state observer and the stability of the closed-loop system are rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory.Numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.展开更多
Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion...Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme ...Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.展开更多
In this paper,we define for the trace operator,the solution of certain models of vibrating plates standards with initial data in a strategic region spaces of weak regularities.Indeed,we know that the notion of regiona...In this paper,we define for the trace operator,the solution of certain models of vibrating plates standards with initial data in a strategic region spaces of weak regularities.Indeed,we know that the notion of regional controllability is more adapted to systems described by dynamic systems.Regional controllability results in a strategic area were established for vibrating plates by the Hilbertian Uniqueness Method.展开更多
Molten salt reactors,being the only reactor type among Generation Ⅳ advanced nuclear reactors that utilize liquid fuels,offer inherent safety,high-temperature,and low-pressure operation,as well as the capability for ...Molten salt reactors,being the only reactor type among Generation Ⅳ advanced nuclear reactors that utilize liquid fuels,offer inherent safety,high-temperature,and low-pressure operation,as well as the capability for online fuel reprocessing.However,the fuel-salt flow results in the decay of delayed neutron precursors(DNPs)outside the core,causing fluctuations in the effective delayed neutron fraction and consequently impacting the reactor reactivity.Particularly in accident scenarios—such as a combined pump shutdown and the inability to rapidly scram the reactor—the sole reliance on negative temperature feedback may cause a significant increase in core temperature,posing a threat to reactor safety.To address these problems,this paper introduces an innovative design for a passive fluid-driven suspended control rod(SCR)to dynamically compensate for reactivity fluctuations caused by DNPs flowing with the fuel.The control rod operates passively by leveraging the combined effects of gravity,buoyancy,and fluid dynamic forces,thereby eliminating the need for an external drive mechanism and enabling direct integration within the active region of the core.Using a 150 MWt thorium-based molten salt reactor as the reference design,we develop a mathematical model to systematically analyze the effects of key parameters—including the geometric dimensions and density of the SCR—on its performance.We examine its motion characteristics under different core flow conditions and assess its feasibility for the dynamic compensation of reactivity changes caused by fuel flow.The results of this study demonstrate that the SCR can effectively counteract reactivity fluctuations induced by fuel flow within molten salt reactors.A sensitivity analysis reveals that the SCR’s average density exerts a profound impact on its start-up flow threshold,channel flow rate,resistance to fuel density fluctuations,and response characteristics.This underscores the critical need to optimize this parameter.Moreover,by judiciously selecting the SCR’s length,number of deployed units,and the placement we can achieve the necessary reactivity control while maintaining a favorable balance between neutron economy and heat transfer performance.Ultimately,this paper provides an innovative solution for the passive reactivity control in molten salt reactors,offering significant potential for practical engineering applications.展开更多
Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of EC...Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.展开更多
The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has dri...The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.展开更多
Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framew...Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framework that jointly designs distributed observers and local controllers to ensure robust formation control in the presence of external disturbances and sensor malfunctions.Treating the spacecraft formation as a single interconnected system,each spacecraft constructs a distributed observer that estimates the overall system state by incorporating both its own measurements and the predicted control information shared among the spacecraft.Based on the observer estimates,a local control law is synthesized to maintain the desired formation.Rigorous theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach effectively guarantees formation stability and resilience against sensor failures and disturbances.展开更多
This paper proposes a passive control method to reduce peak values of slipstream and turbulent kinetic energy in a high-speed train wake by attaching vortex generators(VGs)onto the upper surface of the tail car.The im...This paper proposes a passive control method to reduce peak values of slipstream and turbulent kinetic energy in a high-speed train wake by attaching vortex generators(VGs)onto the upper surface of the tail car.The impact of the VGs is assessed through the improved delayed detached eddy simulations(IDDES)after validating predictions against previous experimental measurements and other numerical predictions for the base case.The simulations indicate that strategically installed VGs can reduce the average slipstream velocity(U slipstream)and the upper limit of slipstream velocity(U_(slipstream,max))by~17%and~15%,respectively,as well as moving the peaks downstream by approximately train height,thus reducing the danger posed by slipstream to waiting passengers and trackside workers.Analysis shows that the wake turbulent kinetic energy diminishes as the vortex generators decelerate the downwash flow and reduce shear production in the wake.It is also found that the presence of VGs significantly impacts the flow on the upper surface near the tail by modifying the unsteady trailing longitudinal vortices through the formation of additional counter-rotating longitudinal vortices from the VGs.These latter vortices prevent the merging of vortical airflow around the trailing nose tip,which is otherwise induced by the longitudinal vortex of the train.They also reduce vortex intensity through cross-annihilation and cross diffusion as the wake advects downstream,limiting outwards advection through interaction with the image pair,and contributing to a decrease in the peak slipstream value.The method proposed offers a simple approach to wake control leading to significant slipstream benefits.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-conta...AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.展开更多
This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow con...This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow control technique utilizing a tubercle and vortex generator(VG)close to the leading edge was analyzed numerically for a NACA0015 airfoil.In this study,the Shear Stress Transport(SST)turbulence model was employed in the numerical modelling.Numerical modelling was completed using the ANSYS-Fluent 18.2 solver.Analyses were conducted to investigate the flow pattern and understand the underlying LSB control phenomena that enabled the new passive flow control method to provide this significant performance benefit.The findings indicated that the new concept of passive flow control technique suppressed the formation of an LSB at the suction surface of the NACA0015 airfoil,resulting in a higher lift coefficient and improved aerodynamic performance.Improvements in LSB dynamics and aerodynamic performance through the passive flow control method lead to increased energy output and enhanced stability.展开更多
The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatme...The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatment at grassroots hospitals faces numerous challenges such as limited resources,high technical difficulty,and insufficient multidisciplinary collaboration.Therefore,DCS strategies need to be adapted to simplified processes to create conditions for subsequent treatment.This paper retrieves relevant literature to discuss the proposal,promotion,and application of the DCS concept,aiming to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing trauma treatment outcomes at grassroots hospitals.展开更多
In order to optimize the reaming process of the type IV composite hydrogen storage cylinder,the netting theory was employed for the design of stacking sequences,and the thickness in the head section was predicted.A fi...In order to optimize the reaming process of the type IV composite hydrogen storage cylinder,the netting theory was employed for the design of stacking sequences,and the thickness in the head section was predicted.A finite element model of the plastic-lined composite hydrogen storage cylinder,designed to withstand a working pressure of 70.0 MPa,was established by using the wound composite modeler(WCM)in the Abaqus software to analyze the forces acting on the winding layer.The Hashin failure criterion was utilized as the standard for assessing composite failure,and a progressive failure analysis of the cylinder was conducted to predict both the bursting pressure and the failure location of the composite hydrogen storage cylinder.The results indicate that the reaming process can effectively reduce the maximum filament winding thickness in the head section and promote a more uniform transition.At the bursting pressure,the stress within the head liner decreases,thereby enhancing the ultimate bearing capacity of the cylinder.A control system for a four-axis winding machine was designed by utilizing an industrial computer and a programmable multi-axis controller(PMAC).The winding line pattern is designed and the G-code trajectory is generated by the industrial computer.The numerical control system,composed of the PMAC and servo motor,executes the four-axis interpolation motion.展开更多
This paper investigates the detection and mitigation of coordinated cyberattacks on Load Frequency Control(LFC)systems integrated with Battery Energy Storage Systems(BESS).As renewable energy sources gain greater pene...This paper investigates the detection and mitigation of coordinated cyberattacks on Load Frequency Control(LFC)systems integrated with Battery Energy Storage Systems(BESS).As renewable energy sources gain greater penetration,power grids are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats,potentially leading to frequency instability and widespread disruptions.We model two significant attack vectors:load-altering attacks(LAAs)and false data injection attacks(FDIAs)that corrupt frequency measurements.These are analyzed for their impact on grid frequency stability in both linear and nonlinear LFC models,incorporating generation rate constraints and nonlinear loads.A coordinated attack strategy is presented,combining LAAs and FDIAs to achieve stealthiness by concealing frequency deviations from system operators,thereby maximizing disruption while evading traditional detection.To counteract these threats,we propose an Unknown Input Observer(UIO)-based detection framework for linear and nonlinear LFCs.The UIO is designed using linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)to estimate system states while isolating unknown attack inputs,enabling attack detection through monitoring measurement residuals against a predefined threshold.For mitigation,we leverage BESS capabilities with two adaptive strategies:dynamic mitigation for dynamic LAAs,which tunes BESS parameters to enhance the system’s stability margin and accelerate convergence to equilibrium;and staticmitigation for static LAAs and FDIAs.Simulations show that the UIO achieves high detection accuracy,with residuals exceeding thresholds promptly under coordinated attacks,even in nonlinear models.Mitigation strategies reduce frequency deviations by up to 80%compared to unmitigated cases,restoring stability within seconds.展开更多
The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varyi...The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.展开更多
Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential f...Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential for executing sophisticated collective tasks.This paper presents a Distributed Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance(DFCOA)framework for multi-unmanned ground vehicles(UGV).DFCOA integrates a virtual leader structure for global guidance,an improved A^(*)path planning algorithm with an advanced cost function for efficient path planning,and a repulsive-force-based improved vector field histogram star(VFH^(*))technique for collision avoidance.The virtual leader generates a reference trajectory while enabling distributed execution;the improved A^(*)algorithm reduces planning time and number of nodes to determine the shortest path from the starting position to the goal;and the improved VFH^(*)uses 2D LiDAR data with inter-agent repulsive force to simultaneously avoid collision with obstacles and maintain safe inter-vehicle distances.The formation stability of the proposed DFCOA reaches 95.8%and 94.6%in two scenarios,with root mean square(RMS)centroid errors of 0.9516 and 1.0008 m,respectively.Velocity tracking is precise(velocity centroid error RMS of 0.2699 and 0.1700 m/s),and linear velocities closely match the desired 0.3 m/s.Safety metrics showed average collision risks of 0.7773 and 0.5143,with minimum inter-vehicle distances of 0.4702 and 0.8763 m,confirming collision-free navigation of four UGVs.DFCOA outperforms conventional methods in formation stability,path efficiency,and scalability,proving its suitability for decentralized multi-UGV applications.展开更多
In scenarios where ground-based cloud computing infrastructure is unavailable,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)act as mobile edge computing(MEC)servers to provide on-demand computation services for ground terminals.To ad...In scenarios where ground-based cloud computing infrastructure is unavailable,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)act as mobile edge computing(MEC)servers to provide on-demand computation services for ground terminals.To address the challenge of jointly optimizing task scheduling and UAV trajectory under limited resources and high mobility of UAVs,this paper presents PER-MATD3,a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm with prioritized experience replay(PER)into the Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution(CTDE)framework.Specifically,PER-MATD3 enables each agent to learn a decentralized policy using only local observations during execution,while leveraging a shared replay buffer with prioritized sampling and centralized critic during training to accelerate convergence and improve sample efficiency.Simulation results show that PER-MATD3 reduces average task latency by up to 23%,improves energy efficiency by 21%,and enhances service coverage compared to state-of-the-art baselines,demonstrating its effectiveness and practicality in scenarios without terrestrial networks.展开更多
The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the ...The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the uncertainties in train driving and operation,this paper analyzes the relationship between the safety of heavy-haul electric locomotive hauled trains and driving and operation.It studies the auxiliary intelligent driving safety operation control methods.Through K-means to identify the characteristics of drivers'driving manipulation,the hidden Markov model adaptively adjusts the train driving and operation sequence,and conducts auxiliary driving reconstruction for heavy-haul locomotive driving and operation.Based on the train running curve and the locomotive traction/braking characteristics,it smoothly controls the exertion of the traction/braking force of heavy-haul locomotives,thereby optimizing the driving safety control of heavy-haul trains in the vehicle-environment-track system.Finally,the train operation simulation and optimized driving verification are carried out by simulating some track sections.The results show that the proposed method can correct and pre-optimize driving operations,improving the smoothness of heavy-haul trains by approximately 10%.It verifies the effectiveness of the proposed train assisted driving control reconstruction method,facilitating the smooth and safe operation of heavy-haul trains.展开更多
Quantum control allows a wide range of quantum operations employed in molecular physics,nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information processing.Thanks to the existing microelectronics industry,semiconducting qub...Quantum control allows a wide range of quantum operations employed in molecular physics,nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information processing.Thanks to the existing microelectronics industry,semiconducting qubits,where quantum information is encoded in spin or charge degree freedom of electrons or nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots,constitute a highly competitive candidate for scalable solid-state quantum technologies.In quantum information processing,advanced control techniques are needed to realize quantum manipulations with both high precision and noise resilience.In this review,we first introduce the basics of various widely-used control methods,including resonant excitation,adabatic passage,shortcuts to adiabaticity,composite pulses,and quantum optimal control.Then we review the practical aspects in applying these methods to realize accurate and robust quantum gates for single semiconductor qubits,such as Loss–DiVincenzo spin qubit,spinglet-triplet qubit,exchange-only qubit and charge qubit.展开更多
文摘This study investigates prescribed-time position tracking control for electromagnetic satellite formations subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances.Using the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations as the relative motion dynamics model,a prescribed time output feedback control strategy is proposed.A prescribed-time extended state observer is designed to estimate the relative velocity and external disturbances.The disturbance estimates are then used as the feedforward component of the controller.Building on this framework,a novel prescribed-time active disturbance rejection control strategy for position tracking is developed via a backstepping control design.The convergence of the extended state observer and the stability of the closed-loop system are rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory.Numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
文摘Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.
文摘In this paper,we define for the trace operator,the solution of certain models of vibrating plates standards with initial data in a strategic region spaces of weak regularities.Indeed,we know that the notion of regional controllability is more adapted to systems described by dynamic systems.Regional controllability results in a strategic area were established for vibrating plates by the Hilbertian Uniqueness Method.
基金supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020261)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02010000)the Young Potential Program of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SINAP-YXJH-202412).
文摘Molten salt reactors,being the only reactor type among Generation Ⅳ advanced nuclear reactors that utilize liquid fuels,offer inherent safety,high-temperature,and low-pressure operation,as well as the capability for online fuel reprocessing.However,the fuel-salt flow results in the decay of delayed neutron precursors(DNPs)outside the core,causing fluctuations in the effective delayed neutron fraction and consequently impacting the reactor reactivity.Particularly in accident scenarios—such as a combined pump shutdown and the inability to rapidly scram the reactor—the sole reliance on negative temperature feedback may cause a significant increase in core temperature,posing a threat to reactor safety.To address these problems,this paper introduces an innovative design for a passive fluid-driven suspended control rod(SCR)to dynamically compensate for reactivity fluctuations caused by DNPs flowing with the fuel.The control rod operates passively by leveraging the combined effects of gravity,buoyancy,and fluid dynamic forces,thereby eliminating the need for an external drive mechanism and enabling direct integration within the active region of the core.Using a 150 MWt thorium-based molten salt reactor as the reference design,we develop a mathematical model to systematically analyze the effects of key parameters—including the geometric dimensions and density of the SCR—on its performance.We examine its motion characteristics under different core flow conditions and assess its feasibility for the dynamic compensation of reactivity changes caused by fuel flow.The results of this study demonstrate that the SCR can effectively counteract reactivity fluctuations induced by fuel flow within molten salt reactors.A sensitivity analysis reveals that the SCR’s average density exerts a profound impact on its start-up flow threshold,channel flow rate,resistance to fuel density fluctuations,and response characteristics.This underscores the critical need to optimize this parameter.Moreover,by judiciously selecting the SCR’s length,number of deployed units,and the placement we can achieve the necessary reactivity control while maintaining a favorable balance between neutron economy and heat transfer performance.Ultimately,this paper provides an innovative solution for the passive reactivity control in molten salt reactors,offering significant potential for practical engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074187).
文摘Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.
文摘The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62088101,62522307,62273045,U2341213)Beijing Nova Program(20230484481)。
文摘Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framework that jointly designs distributed observers and local controllers to ensure robust formation control in the presence of external disturbances and sensor malfunctions.Treating the spacecraft formation as a single interconnected system,each spacecraft constructs a distributed observer that estimates the overall system state by incorporating both its own measurements and the predicted control information shared among the spacecraft.Based on the observer estimates,a local control law is synthesized to maintain the desired formation.Rigorous theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach effectively guarantees formation stability and resilience against sensor failures and disturbances.
基金Project(52372370)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0379)supported by the Graduate Student Independent Innovation Project of Central South University,ChinaProject(202206370058)supported by the China Scholarship Council。
文摘This paper proposes a passive control method to reduce peak values of slipstream and turbulent kinetic energy in a high-speed train wake by attaching vortex generators(VGs)onto the upper surface of the tail car.The impact of the VGs is assessed through the improved delayed detached eddy simulations(IDDES)after validating predictions against previous experimental measurements and other numerical predictions for the base case.The simulations indicate that strategically installed VGs can reduce the average slipstream velocity(U slipstream)and the upper limit of slipstream velocity(U_(slipstream,max))by~17%and~15%,respectively,as well as moving the peaks downstream by approximately train height,thus reducing the danger posed by slipstream to waiting passengers and trackside workers.Analysis shows that the wake turbulent kinetic energy diminishes as the vortex generators decelerate the downwash flow and reduce shear production in the wake.It is also found that the presence of VGs significantly impacts the flow on the upper surface near the tail by modifying the unsteady trailing longitudinal vortices through the formation of additional counter-rotating longitudinal vortices from the VGs.These latter vortices prevent the merging of vortical airflow around the trailing nose tip,which is otherwise induced by the longitudinal vortex of the train.They also reduce vortex intensity through cross-annihilation and cross diffusion as the wake advects downstream,limiting outwards advection through interaction with the image pair,and contributing to a decrease in the peak slipstream value.The method proposed offers a simple approach to wake control leading to significant slipstream benefits.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.
基金the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Erciyes University under contract no:FDS-2022-11532 and FOA-2025-14773.
文摘This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow control technique utilizing a tubercle and vortex generator(VG)close to the leading edge was analyzed numerically for a NACA0015 airfoil.In this study,the Shear Stress Transport(SST)turbulence model was employed in the numerical modelling.Numerical modelling was completed using the ANSYS-Fluent 18.2 solver.Analyses were conducted to investigate the flow pattern and understand the underlying LSB control phenomena that enabled the new passive flow control method to provide this significant performance benefit.The findings indicated that the new concept of passive flow control technique suppressed the formation of an LSB at the suction surface of the NACA0015 airfoil,resulting in a higher lift coefficient and improved aerodynamic performance.Improvements in LSB dynamics and aerodynamic performance through the passive flow control method lead to increased energy output and enhanced stability.
文摘The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatment at grassroots hospitals faces numerous challenges such as limited resources,high technical difficulty,and insufficient multidisciplinary collaboration.Therefore,DCS strategies need to be adapted to simplified processes to create conditions for subsequent treatment.This paper retrieves relevant literature to discuss the proposal,promotion,and application of the DCS concept,aiming to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing trauma treatment outcomes at grassroots hospitals.
文摘In order to optimize the reaming process of the type IV composite hydrogen storage cylinder,the netting theory was employed for the design of stacking sequences,and the thickness in the head section was predicted.A finite element model of the plastic-lined composite hydrogen storage cylinder,designed to withstand a working pressure of 70.0 MPa,was established by using the wound composite modeler(WCM)in the Abaqus software to analyze the forces acting on the winding layer.The Hashin failure criterion was utilized as the standard for assessing composite failure,and a progressive failure analysis of the cylinder was conducted to predict both the bursting pressure and the failure location of the composite hydrogen storage cylinder.The results indicate that the reaming process can effectively reduce the maximum filament winding thickness in the head section and promote a more uniform transition.At the bursting pressure,the stress within the head liner decreases,thereby enhancing the ultimate bearing capacity of the cylinder.A control system for a four-axis winding machine was designed by utilizing an industrial computer and a programmable multi-axis controller(PMAC).The winding line pattern is designed and the G-code trajectory is generated by the industrial computer.The numerical control system,composed of the PMAC and servo motor,executes the four-axis interpolation motion.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China No.62303126the project Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province([2024]014).
文摘This paper investigates the detection and mitigation of coordinated cyberattacks on Load Frequency Control(LFC)systems integrated with Battery Energy Storage Systems(BESS).As renewable energy sources gain greater penetration,power grids are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats,potentially leading to frequency instability and widespread disruptions.We model two significant attack vectors:load-altering attacks(LAAs)and false data injection attacks(FDIAs)that corrupt frequency measurements.These are analyzed for their impact on grid frequency stability in both linear and nonlinear LFC models,incorporating generation rate constraints and nonlinear loads.A coordinated attack strategy is presented,combining LAAs and FDIAs to achieve stealthiness by concealing frequency deviations from system operators,thereby maximizing disruption while evading traditional detection.To counteract these threats,we propose an Unknown Input Observer(UIO)-based detection framework for linear and nonlinear LFCs.The UIO is designed using linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)to estimate system states while isolating unknown attack inputs,enabling attack detection through monitoring measurement residuals against a predefined threshold.For mitigation,we leverage BESS capabilities with two adaptive strategies:dynamic mitigation for dynamic LAAs,which tunes BESS parameters to enhance the system’s stability margin and accelerate convergence to equilibrium;and staticmitigation for static LAAs and FDIAs.Simulations show that the UIO achieves high detection accuracy,with residuals exceeding thresholds promptly under coordinated attacks,even in nonlinear models.Mitigation strategies reduce frequency deviations by up to 80%compared to unmitigated cases,restoring stability within seconds.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.20220817171811004)(Grant No.RCBS20231211090816033)+4 种基金the Major Key Project of PCL,China under Grant PCL2025A13Longgang District,Shenzhen's"Ten-Action Plan"for Supporting Innovation Projects(Grant No.LGKCSDPT2024002,LGKCSDPT2024003,LGKCSDPT2024004)the"Zhiguo"Action of Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Grant No.ZG2503980003)Guangdong S&T Program under(Grant No.2025B0909040003)Guangdong Provincial Leading Talent Program(Grant No.2024TX08Z319).
文摘The main cable is the primary load-bearing component of a suspension bridge,continuously exposed to harsh environmental conditions,such as wind and rain,throughout the year.These adverse conditions contribute to varying degrees of degradation and damage to the main cable,necessitating regular inspections to prevent catastrophic failures.Traditional manual inspection methods not only suffer from low efficiency but also pose significant safety risks to personnel.To address these challenges and ensure the safe and effective inspection of suspension bridge main cables,this study introduces a novel cooperative climbing robot,designated as Main Cable Robot Version II(CCRobot-M-II),inspired by the locomotion of the inchworm.The robot employs an alternating opening and closing mechanism of four gripper sets,mimicking the inchworm's movement to achieve efficient crawling along the suspension bridge handrails.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural design,key components,and motion mechanisms of CCRobot-M-II.A detailed force analysis of the robot's crawling process is also presented,followed by the design of the control system and the development of an efficient motion control algorithm.Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the robot achieves a positional error of 00.64%during crawling,with a maximum average crawling speed of 7.6 m/min.Furthermore,the biomimetic design enables the robot to overcome obstacles up to 30 mm in height and possess the capability to handle suspension bridge cables with spans ranging from 740 to 1100 mm.Finally,CCRobot-M-II successfully conducted an inspection of the main cable on a suspension bridge,marking the world's first successful deployment of a climbing robot for main cable inspection on a suspension bridge.
文摘Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential for executing sophisticated collective tasks.This paper presents a Distributed Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance(DFCOA)framework for multi-unmanned ground vehicles(UGV).DFCOA integrates a virtual leader structure for global guidance,an improved A^(*)path planning algorithm with an advanced cost function for efficient path planning,and a repulsive-force-based improved vector field histogram star(VFH^(*))technique for collision avoidance.The virtual leader generates a reference trajectory while enabling distributed execution;the improved A^(*)algorithm reduces planning time and number of nodes to determine the shortest path from the starting position to the goal;and the improved VFH^(*)uses 2D LiDAR data with inter-agent repulsive force to simultaneously avoid collision with obstacles and maintain safe inter-vehicle distances.The formation stability of the proposed DFCOA reaches 95.8%and 94.6%in two scenarios,with root mean square(RMS)centroid errors of 0.9516 and 1.0008 m,respectively.Velocity tracking is precise(velocity centroid error RMS of 0.2699 and 0.1700 m/s),and linear velocities closely match the desired 0.3 m/s.Safety metrics showed average collision risks of 0.7773 and 0.5143,with minimum inter-vehicle distances of 0.4702 and 0.8763 m,confirming collision-free navigation of four UGVs.DFCOA outperforms conventional methods in formation stability,path efficiency,and scalability,proving its suitability for decentralized multi-UGV applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61701100.
文摘In scenarios where ground-based cloud computing infrastructure is unavailable,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)act as mobile edge computing(MEC)servers to provide on-demand computation services for ground terminals.To address the challenge of jointly optimizing task scheduling and UAV trajectory under limited resources and high mobility of UAVs,this paper presents PER-MATD3,a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm with prioritized experience replay(PER)into the Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution(CTDE)framework.Specifically,PER-MATD3 enables each agent to learn a decentralized policy using only local observations during execution,while leveraging a shared replay buffer with prioritized sampling and centralized critic during training to accelerate convergence and improve sample efficiency.Simulation results show that PER-MATD3 reduces average task latency by up to 23%,improves energy efficiency by 21%,and enhances service coverage compared to state-of-the-art baselines,demonstrating its effectiveness and practicality in scenarios without terrestrial networks.
基金Project(U2034211)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20232ACE01013)supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Research and Development Special Project of Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the uncertainties in train driving and operation,this paper analyzes the relationship between the safety of heavy-haul electric locomotive hauled trains and driving and operation.It studies the auxiliary intelligent driving safety operation control methods.Through K-means to identify the characteristics of drivers'driving manipulation,the hidden Markov model adaptively adjusts the train driving and operation sequence,and conducts auxiliary driving reconstruction for heavy-haul locomotive driving and operation.Based on the train running curve and the locomotive traction/braking characteristics,it smoothly controls the exertion of the traction/braking force of heavy-haul locomotives,thereby optimizing the driving safety control of heavy-haul trains in the vehicle-environment-track system.Finally,the train operation simulation and optimized driving verification are carried out by simulating some track sections.The results show that the proposed method can correct and pre-optimize driving operations,improving the smoothness of heavy-haul trains by approximately 10%.It verifies the effectiveness of the proposed train assisted driving control reconstruction method,facilitating the smooth and safe operation of heavy-haul trains.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12174379,E31Q02BG)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.E0SEBB11,E27RBB11)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0302300)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-090)。
文摘Quantum control allows a wide range of quantum operations employed in molecular physics,nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information processing.Thanks to the existing microelectronics industry,semiconducting qubits,where quantum information is encoded in spin or charge degree freedom of electrons or nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots,constitute a highly competitive candidate for scalable solid-state quantum technologies.In quantum information processing,advanced control techniques are needed to realize quantum manipulations with both high precision and noise resilience.In this review,we first introduce the basics of various widely-used control methods,including resonant excitation,adabatic passage,shortcuts to adiabaticity,composite pulses,and quantum optimal control.Then we review the practical aspects in applying these methods to realize accurate and robust quantum gates for single semiconductor qubits,such as Loss–DiVincenzo spin qubit,spinglet-triplet qubit,exchange-only qubit and charge qubit.
