Integrated silicon photonics has sparked a significant ramp-up of investment in both academia and industry as a scalable,power-efficient,and eco-friendly solution.At the heart of this platform is the light source,whic...Integrated silicon photonics has sparked a significant ramp-up of investment in both academia and industry as a scalable,power-efficient,and eco-friendly solution.At the heart of this platform is the light source,which in itself,has been the focus of research and development extensively.This paper sheds light and conveys our perspective on the current state-of-the-art in different aspects of application-driven on-chip silicon lasers.We tackle this from two perspectives:device-level and system-wide points of view.In the former,the different routes taken in integrating on-chip lasers are explored from different material systems to the chosen integration methodologies.Then,the discussion focus is shifted towards system-wide applications that show great prospects in incorporating photonic integrated circuits(PIC)with on-chip lasers and active devices,namely,optical communications and interconnects,optical phased array-based LiDAR,sensors for chemical and biological analysis,integrated quantum technologies,and finally,optical computing.By leveraging the myriad inherent attractive features of integrated silicon photonics,this paper aims to inspire further development in incorporating PICs with on-chip lasers in,but not limited to,these applications for substantial performance gains,green solutions,and mass production.展开更多
Augmented reality(AR)displays,as the next generation platform for spatial computing and digital twins,enable users to view digital images superimposed on real-world environment,fostering a deeper level of human-digita...Augmented reality(AR)displays,as the next generation platform for spatial computing and digital twins,enable users to view digital images superimposed on real-world environment,fostering a deeper level of human-digital interactions.However,as a critical element in an AR system,optical combiners face unprecedented challenges to match the exceptional performance requirements of human vision system while keeping the headset ultracompact and lightweight.After decades of extensive device and material research efforts,and heavy investment in manufacturing technologies,several promising waveguide combiners have been developed.In this review paper,we focus on the perspectives and challenges of optical waveguide combiners for AR displays.We will begin by introducing the basic device structures and operation principles of different AR architectures,and then delve into different waveguide combiners,including geometric and diffractive waveguide combiners.Some commonly used in-couplers and out-couplers,such as prisms,mirrors,surface relief gratings,volume holographic gratings,polarization volume gratings,and metasurface-based couplers,will be discussed,and their properties analyzed in detail.Additionally,we will explore recent advances in waveguide combiner design and modeling,such as exit pupil expansion,wide field of view,geometric architectures of waveguide couplers,full-color propagation,and brightness and color uniformity optimization.Finally,we will discuss the bottlenecks and future development trends in waveguide combiner technologies.The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of waveguide combiner technologies,analyze their pros and cons,and then present the future challenges of AR displays.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(MHPs),emerging as innovative and promising semiconductor materials with prominent optoelectronic properties,has been pioneering a new era of light management(ranging from emission,absorption,m...Metal halide perovskites(MHPs),emerging as innovative and promising semiconductor materials with prominent optoelectronic properties,has been pioneering a new era of light management(ranging from emission,absorption,modulation,to transmission)for next-generation optoelectronic technology.Notably,the exploration of fundamental characteristics of MHPs and their devices is the main research theme during the past decade,while in the next decade,it will be primarily critical to promote their implantation in the next-generation optoelectronics.In this review,we first retrospect the historical research milestones of MHPs and their optoelectronic devices.Thereafter,we introduce the origin of the unique optoelectronic features of MHPs,based on which we highlight the tunability of these features via regulating the phase,dimensionality,composition,and geometry of MHPs.Then,we show that owing to the convenient property control of MHPs,various optoelectronic devices with target performance can be designed.At last,we emphasize on the revolutionary applications of MHPs-based devices on the existing optoelectronic systems.This review demonstrates the key role of MHPs played in the development of modern optoelectronics,which is expected to inspire the novel research directions of MHPs and promote the widespread applications of MHPs in the next-generation optoelectronics.展开更多
The wide application of optical spectroscopy makes miniaturized spectrometers with fundamental importance.The scalability,high-performance,low-cost,and small footprint are still contradicting each other and limiting t...The wide application of optical spectroscopy makes miniaturized spectrometers with fundamental importance.The scalability,high-performance,low-cost,and small footprint are still contradicting each other and limiting the applicability of miniaturized spectrometer for practical application.Here we propose a compact spectrometer that satisfies the four advantages.The device uses a fiber taper tip to generate complex leaky mode patterns within 1 mm length.The unique correspondence between the pattern and wavelength operates effectively for hundreds of nanometers spectral range while providing a spectral resolution around~1 pm.The integration of multiple taper tips enables hyperspectral imaging applications.The working range of our device can be further extended using different materials and detectors while keeping the similar architecture.展开更多
Coherent Raman scattering(CRS)microscopy is a chemical imaging modality that provides contrast based on intrinsic biomolecular vibrations.To date,endeavors on instrumentation have advanced CRS into a powerful analytic...Coherent Raman scattering(CRS)microscopy is a chemical imaging modality that provides contrast based on intrinsic biomolecular vibrations.To date,endeavors on instrumentation have advanced CRS into a powerful analytical tool for studies of cell functions and in situ clinical diagnosis.Nevertheless,the small cross-section of Raman scattering sets up a physical boundary for the design space of a CRS system,which trades off speed,signal fidelity and spectral bandwidth.The synergistic combination of instrumentation and computational approaches offers a way to break the trade-off.In this review,we first introduce coherent Raman scattering and recent instrumentation developments,then discuss current computational CRS imaging methods,including compressive micro-spectroscopy,computational volumetric imaging,as well as machine learning algorithms that improve system performance and decipher chemical information.We foresee a constant permeation of computational concepts and algorithms to push the capability boundary of CRS microscopy.展开更多
The orbital degrees of freedom play a pivotal role in understanding fundamental phenomena in solid-state materials as well as exotic quantum states of matter including orbital superfluidity and topological semimetals....The orbital degrees of freedom play a pivotal role in understanding fundamental phenomena in solid-state materials as well as exotic quantum states of matter including orbital superfluidity and topological semimetals.Despite tremendous efforts in engineering synthetic cold-atom,as well as electronic and photonic lattices to explore orbital physics,thus far high orbitals in an important class of materials,namely,higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),have not been realized.Here,we demonstrate p-orbital corner states in a photonic HOTI,unveiling their underlying topological invariant,symmetry protection,and nonlinearity-induced dynamical rotation.In a Kagome-type HOTI,we find that the topological protection of p-orbital corner states demands an orbital-hopping symmetry in addition to generalized chiral symmetry.Due to orbital hybridization,nontrivial topology of the p-orbital HOTI is“hidden”if bulk polarization is used as the topological invariant,but well manifested by the generalized winding number.Our work opens a pathway for the exploration of intriguing orbital phenomena mediated by higher-band topology applicable to a broad spectrum of systems.展开更多
Spatiotemporal vortices of light,featuring transverse orbital angular momentum(OAM)and energy circulation in the spatiotemporal domain,have received increasing attention recently.The experimental realization of the co...Spatiotemporal vortices of light,featuring transverse orbital angular momentum(OAM)and energy circulation in the spatiotemporal domain,have received increasing attention recently.The experimental realization of the controllable generation of spatiotemporal vortices triggers a series of research in this field.This review article covers the latest developments of spatiotemporal vortices of light ranging from theoretical physics,experimental generation schemes,and characterization methods,to applications and future perspectives.This new degree of freedom in photonic OAM endowed by spatiotemporal vortices paves the way to the discovery of novel physical mechanisms and photonic applications in light science.展开更多
Non-Hermitian systems with their spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points(EPs)have been explored for lasing,controlling light transport,and enhancing a sensor’s response.A ring resonator can be brought to an...Non-Hermitian systems with their spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points(EPs)have been explored for lasing,controlling light transport,and enhancing a sensor’s response.A ring resonator can be brought to an EP by controlling the coupling between its frequency degenerate clockwise and counterclockwise traveling modes.This has been typically achieved by introducing two or more nanotips into the resonator’s mode volume.While this method provides a route to study EP physics,the basic understanding of how the nanotips’shape and size symmetry impact the system’s non-Hermicity is missing,along with additional loss from both in-plane and out-of-plane scattering.The limited resonance stability poses a challenge for leveraging EP effects for switches or modulators,which requires stable cavity resonance and fixed laser-cavity detuning.Here we use lithographically defined asymmetric and symmetric Mie scatterers,which enable subwavelength control of wave transmission and reflections without deflecting to additional radiation channels.We show that those pre-defined Mie scatterers can bring the system to an EP without post tuning,as well as enable chiral light transport within the resonator.Counterintuitively,the Mie scatterer results in enhanced quality factor measured on the transmission port,through coherently suppressing the backscattering from the waveguide surface roughness.The proposed device platform enables pre-defined chiral light propagation and backscattering-free resonances,needed for various applications such as frequency combs,solitons,sensing,and other nonlinear optical processes such as photon blockade,and regenerative oscillators.展开更多
Structuring light emission from single-photon emitters(SPEs)in multiple degrees of freedom is of great importance for quantum information processing towards higher dimensions.However,traditional control of emission fr...Structuring light emission from single-photon emitters(SPEs)in multiple degrees of freedom is of great importance for quantum information processing towards higher dimensions.However,traditional control of emission from quantum light sources relies on the use of multiple bulky optical elements or nanostructured resonators with limited functionalities,constraining the potential of multi-dimensional tailoring.Here we introduce the use of an ultrathin polarisation-beam-splitting metalens for the arbitrary structuring of quantum emission at room temperature.Owing to the complete and independent polarisation and phase control at the single meta-atom level,the designed metalens enables simultaneous mapping of quantum emission from ultra-bright defects in hexagonal boron nitride and imprinting of an arbitrary wavefront onto orthogonal polarisation states of the sources.The hybrid quantum metalens enables simultaneous manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom of a quantum light source,including directionality,polarisation,and orbital angular momentum.This could unleash the full potential of solid-state SPEs for their use as high-dimensional quantum sources for advanced quantum photonic applications.展开更多
Weyl semimetals are topological materials whose electron quasiparticles obey the Weyl equation.They possess many unusual properties that may lead to new applications.This is a tutorial review of the optical properties...Weyl semimetals are topological materials whose electron quasiparticles obey the Weyl equation.They possess many unusual properties that may lead to new applications.This is a tutorial review of the optical properties and applications of Weyl semimetals.We review the basic concepts and optical responses of Weyl semimetals,and survey their applications in optics and thermal photonics.We hope this pedagogical text will motivate further research on this emerging topic.展开更多
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles emerged recently as an attractive material platform underpinning a broad range of innovative applications such as optical cryptography,luminescent probes,and lasing.However,...Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles emerged recently as an attractive material platform underpinning a broad range of innovative applications such as optical cryptography,luminescent probes,and lasing.However,the intricate 4f-associated electronic transition in upconversion nanoparticles leads only to a weak photoluminescence intensity and unpolarized emission,hindering many applications that demand ultrabright and polarized light sources.Here,we present an effective strategy for achieving ultrabright and dual-band polarized upconversion photoluminescence.We employ resonant dielectric metasurfaces supporting high-quality resonant modes at dual upconversion bands enabling two-order-of-magnitude amplification of upconversion emissions.We demonstrate that dual-band resonances can be selectively switched on polarization,endowing cross-polarization controlled upconversion luminescence with ultra-high degrees of polarization,reaching approximately 0.86 and 0.91 at dual emission wavelengths of 540 and 660 nm,respectively.Our strategy offers an effective approach for enhancing photon upconversion processes paving the way towards efficient low-threshold polarization upconversion lasers.展开更多
Adaptive optics normally concerns the feedback correction of phase aberrations.Such correction has been of benefit in various optical systems,with applications ranging in scale from astronomical telescopes to super-re...Adaptive optics normally concerns the feedback correction of phase aberrations.Such correction has been of benefit in various optical systems,with applications ranging in scale from astronomical telescopes to super-resolution microscopes.Here we extend this powerful tool into the vectorial domain,encompassing higher-dimensional feedback correction of both polarisation and phase.This technique is termed vectorial adaptive optics(V-AO).We show that V-AO can be implemented using sensor feedback,indirectly using sensorless AO,or in hybrid form combining aspects of both.We validate improvements in both vector field state and the focal quality of an optical system,through correction for commonplace vectorial aberration sources,ranging from objective lenses to biological samples.This technique pushes the boundaries of traditional scalar beam shaping by providing feedback control of extra vectorial degrees of freedom.This paves the way for next generation AO functionality by manipulating the complex vectorial field.展开更多
Let there be light-to change the world we want to be!Over the past several decades,and ever since the birth of the first laser,mankind has witnessed the development of the science of light,as light-based technologies ...Let there be light-to change the world we want to be!Over the past several decades,and ever since the birth of the first laser,mankind has witnessed the development of the science of light,as light-based technologies have revolutionarily changed our lives.Needless to say,photonics has now penetrated into many aspects of science and technology,turning into an important and dynamically changing field of increasing interdisciplinary interest.In this inaugural issue of eLight,we highlight a few emerging trends in photonics that we think are likely to have major impact at least in the upcoming decade,spanning from integrated quantum photonics and quantum computing,through topological/non-Hermitian photonics and topological insulator lasers,to AI-empowered nanophotonics and photonic machine learning.This Perspective is by no means an attempt to summarize all the latest advances in photonics,yet we wish our subjective vision could fuel inspiration and foster excitement in scientific research especially for young researchers who love the science of light.展开更多
Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique with ultra-sensitivity becomes more and more desirable in biomedical analysis,which is yet hindered by inefficient follow-up data analysis.Here we report an ...Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique with ultra-sensitivity becomes more and more desirable in biomedical analysis,which is yet hindered by inefficient follow-up data analysis.Here we report an integrative method based on SERS and Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Screening(SERS-AICS)for liquid biopsy such as serum via silver nanowires,combining molecular vibrational signals processing with large-scale data mining algorithm.According to 382 healthy controls and 1582 patients from two independent cohorts,SERS-AICS not only distinguishes pan-cancer patients from health controls with 95.81% overall accuracy and 95.87% sensitivity at 95.40% specificity,but also screens out those samples at early cancer stage.The supereminent efficiency potentiates SERS-AICS a promising tool for detecting cancer with broader types at earlier stage,accompanying with the establishment of a data platform for further deep analysis.展开更多
Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the powerful super-resolution modalities in bioscience with the advantages of full-field imaging and high photon efficiency.However,artifact-free super-resolution image...Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the powerful super-resolution modalities in bioscience with the advantages of full-field imaging and high photon efficiency.However,artifact-free super-resolution image reconstruction requires precise knowledge about the illumination parameters.The sample-and environment-dependent on-the-fly experimental parameters need to be retrieved a posteriori from the acquired data,posing a major challenge for real-time,long-term live-cell imaging,where low photobleaching,phototoxicity,and light dose are a must.In this work,we present an efficient and robust SIM algorithm based on principal component analysis(PCA-SIM).PCA-SIM is based on the observation that the ideal phasor matrix of a SIM pattern is of rank one,leading to the low complexity,precise identification of noninteger pixel wave vector and pattern phase while rejecting components that are unrelated to the parameter estimation.We demonstrate that PCA-SIM achieves non-iteratively fast,accurate(below 0.01-pixel wave vector and 0.1%of 2relative phase under typical noise level),and robust parameter estimation at low SNRs,which allows real-time super-resolution imaging of live cells in complicated experimental scenarios where other state-of-the-art methods inevitably fail.In particular,we provide the open-source MATLAB toolbox of our PCA-SIM algorithm and associated datasets.The combination of iteration-free reconstruction,robustness to noise,and limited computational complexity makes PCA-SIM a promising method for high-speed,long-term,artifact-free super-resolution imaging of live cells.展开更多
Planar and ultrathin liquid crystal(LC)polarization optical elements have found promising applications in augmented reality(AR),virtual reality(VR),and photonic devices.In this paper,we give a comprehensive review on ...Planar and ultrathin liquid crystal(LC)polarization optical elements have found promising applications in augmented reality(AR),virtual reality(VR),and photonic devices.In this paper,we give a comprehensive review on the operation principles,device fabrication,and performance of these optical elements.Optical simulations methods for optimizing the device performance are discussed in detail.Finally,some potential applications of these devices in AR and VR systems are illustrated and analyzed.展开更多
Water is an essential component of the Earth’s climate,but monitoring its properties using autonomous underwater sampling robots remains a significant challenge due to lack of underwater geolocalization capabilities....Water is an essential component of the Earth’s climate,but monitoring its properties using autonomous underwater sampling robots remains a significant challenge due to lack of underwater geolocalization capabilities.Current methods for underwater geolocalization rely on tethered systems with limited coverage or daytime imagery data in clear waters,leaving much of the underwater environment unexplored.Geolocalization in turbid waters or at night has been considered unfeasible due to absence of identifiable landmarks.In this paper,we present a novel method for underwater geolocalization using deep neural networks trained on-10 million polarization-sensitive images acquired globally,along with camera position sensor data.Our approach achieves longitudinal accuracy of-55 km(-1000 km)during daytime(nighttime)at depths up to-8 m,regardless of water turbidity.In clear waters,the transfer learning longitudinal accuracy is-255 km at 50 m depth.By leveraging optical data in conjunction with camera position information,our novel method facilitates underwater geolocalization and offers a valuable tool for untethered underwater navigation.展开更多
Polaritons are quasi-particles that combine light with matter,enabling precise control of light at deep subwavelength scales.The excitation and propagation of polaritons are closely linked to the structural symmetries...Polaritons are quasi-particles that combine light with matter,enabling precise control of light at deep subwavelength scales.The excitation and propagation of polaritons are closely linked to the structural symmetries of the host materials,resulting in symmetrical polariton propagation in high-symmetry materials.However,in low-symmetry crystals,symmetry-broken polaritons exist,exhibiting enhanced directionality of polariton propagation for nanoscale light manipulation and steering.Here,we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the existence of symmetry-broken polaritons,with hyperbolic dispersion,in a high-symmetry crystal.We show that an optical disk-antenna positioned on the crystal surface can act as an in-plane polarized excitation source,enabling dynamic tailoring of the asymmetry of hyperbolic polariton propagation in the high-symmetry crystal over a broad frequency range.Additionally,we provide an intuitive analysis model that predicts the condition under which the asymmetric polaritonic behavior is maximized,which is corroborated by our simulations and experiments.Our results demonstrate that the directionality of polariton propagation can be conveniently configured,independent of the structure symmetry of crystals,providing a tuning knob for the polaritonic response and in-plane anisotropy in nanophotonic applications.展开更多
An ideal radiative cooler requires accurate spectral control capability to achieve efficient thermal emission in the atmospheric transparency window(8-13μm),low solar absorption,good stability,scalability,and a simpl...An ideal radiative cooler requires accurate spectral control capability to achieve efficient thermal emission in the atmospheric transparency window(8-13μm),low solar absorption,good stability,scalability,and a simple structure for effective diurnal radiative cooling.Flexible cooling films made from polymer relying on polymer intrinsic absorbance represent a cost-effective solution but lack accuracy in spectral control.Here,we propose and demonstrate a metasurface concept enabled by periodically arranged three-dimensional(3D)trench-like structures in a thin layer of polymer for high-performance radiative cooling.The structured polymer metasurface radiative cooler is manufactured by a roll-to-roll printing method.It exhibits superior spectral breadth and selectivity,which offers outstanding omnidirectional absorption/emission(96.1%)in the atmospheric transparency window,low solar absorption(4.8%),and high stability.Impressive cooling power of 129.8 W m^(-2) and temperature deduction of 7℃ on a clear sky midday have been achieved,promising broad practical applications in energy saving and passive heat dispersion fields.展开更多
Biexciton emission in quantum dots is an efficient way to generate entangled photon pairs,which are key resources in quantum informatics.Compared with epitaxial grown quantum dots,chemically synthesized colloidal quan...Biexciton emission in quantum dots is an efficient way to generate entangled photon pairs,which are key resources in quantum informatics.Compared with epitaxial grown quantum dots,chemically synthesized colloidal quantum dots show advantages of tunable wavelength and easy integration to realize quantum light sources.However,biexciton efficiency of colloidal quantum dots has been limited by Auger recombination.In this paper,we reported nonlocal interaction enhanced biexciton emission with efficiency up to 80% in large perovskite nanocrystals(>20 nm).The nonlocal interaction between carriers and excitons leads to the abnormal exponential decrease of Auger recombination with volume in large nanocrystals,which distinguishes with the linear scaling in small counterparts.Such an exponential decrease of Auger recombination results in long lifetime of biexcitons,responsible for the required high biexciton efficiency.The discovery of nonlocal effects in large semiconductor nanocrystals provides new strategies to achieve high efficiency multiple excitons for quantum optics and energy conversation applications.展开更多
基金supported by Intel(CG#62148533)Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(ARPA-E)(DE-AR0001039)+1 种基金the U.S.Department of Defense under AIM Photonics(Air Force contract FA8650-15-2-5220)the DARPA LUMOS(DARPA contract HR001120C0142).
文摘Integrated silicon photonics has sparked a significant ramp-up of investment in both academia and industry as a scalable,power-efficient,and eco-friendly solution.At the heart of this platform is the light source,which in itself,has been the focus of research and development extensively.This paper sheds light and conveys our perspective on the current state-of-the-art in different aspects of application-driven on-chip silicon lasers.We tackle this from two perspectives:device-level and system-wide points of view.In the former,the different routes taken in integrating on-chip lasers are explored from different material systems to the chosen integration methodologies.Then,the discussion focus is shifted towards system-wide applications that show great prospects in incorporating photonic integrated circuits(PIC)with on-chip lasers and active devices,namely,optical communications and interconnects,optical phased array-based LiDAR,sensors for chemical and biological analysis,integrated quantum technologies,and finally,optical computing.By leveraging the myriad inherent attractive features of integrated silicon photonics,this paper aims to inspire further development in incorporating PICs with on-chip lasers in,but not limited to,these applications for substantial performance gains,green solutions,and mass production.
文摘Augmented reality(AR)displays,as the next generation platform for spatial computing and digital twins,enable users to view digital images superimposed on real-world environment,fostering a deeper level of human-digital interactions.However,as a critical element in an AR system,optical combiners face unprecedented challenges to match the exceptional performance requirements of human vision system while keeping the headset ultracompact and lightweight.After decades of extensive device and material research efforts,and heavy investment in manufacturing technologies,several promising waveguide combiners have been developed.In this review paper,we focus on the perspectives and challenges of optical waveguide combiners for AR displays.We will begin by introducing the basic device structures and operation principles of different AR architectures,and then delve into different waveguide combiners,including geometric and diffractive waveguide combiners.Some commonly used in-couplers and out-couplers,such as prisms,mirrors,surface relief gratings,volume holographic gratings,polarization volume gratings,and metasurface-based couplers,will be discussed,and their properties analyzed in detail.Additionally,we will explore recent advances in waveguide combiner design and modeling,such as exit pupil expansion,wide field of view,geometric architectures of waveguide couplers,full-color propagation,and brightness and color uniformity optimization.Finally,we will discuss the bottlenecks and future development trends in waveguide combiner technologies.The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of waveguide combiner technologies,analyze their pros and cons,and then present the future challenges of AR displays.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 51972172,61705102,and 51802253)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grants 2021M692630)+6 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2022JQ-629,2021JLM-43)the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science&Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University(2020GXLH-Z-007 and 2020GXLH-Z-014)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant BK20200034)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(OVL2021BG006)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2021WNLOKF003)the Young 1000 Talents Global Recruitment Program of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Metal halide perovskites(MHPs),emerging as innovative and promising semiconductor materials with prominent optoelectronic properties,has been pioneering a new era of light management(ranging from emission,absorption,modulation,to transmission)for next-generation optoelectronic technology.Notably,the exploration of fundamental characteristics of MHPs and their devices is the main research theme during the past decade,while in the next decade,it will be primarily critical to promote their implantation in the next-generation optoelectronics.In this review,we first retrospect the historical research milestones of MHPs and their optoelectronic devices.Thereafter,we introduce the origin of the unique optoelectronic features of MHPs,based on which we highlight the tunability of these features via regulating the phase,dimensionality,composition,and geometry of MHPs.Then,we show that owing to the convenient property control of MHPs,various optoelectronic devices with target performance can be designed.At last,we emphasize on the revolutionary applications of MHPs-based devices on the existing optoelectronic systems.This review demonstrates the key role of MHPs played in the development of modern optoelectronics,which is expected to inspire the novel research directions of MHPs and promote the widespread applications of MHPs in the next-generation optoelectronics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62222511,61905213)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province China(LR22F050006).
文摘The wide application of optical spectroscopy makes miniaturized spectrometers with fundamental importance.The scalability,high-performance,low-cost,and small footprint are still contradicting each other and limiting the applicability of miniaturized spectrometer for practical application.Here we propose a compact spectrometer that satisfies the four advantages.The device uses a fiber taper tip to generate complex leaky mode patterns within 1 mm length.The unique correspondence between the pattern and wavelength operates effectively for hundreds of nanometers spectral range while providing a spectral resolution around~1 pm.The integration of multiple taper tips enables hyperspectral imaging applications.The working range of our device can be further extended using different materials and detectors while keeping the similar architecture.
文摘Coherent Raman scattering(CRS)microscopy is a chemical imaging modality that provides contrast based on intrinsic biomolecular vibrations.To date,endeavors on instrumentation have advanced CRS into a powerful analytical tool for studies of cell functions and in situ clinical diagnosis.Nevertheless,the small cross-section of Raman scattering sets up a physical boundary for the design space of a CRS system,which trades off speed,signal fidelity and spectral bandwidth.The synergistic combination of instrumentation and computational approaches offers a way to break the trade-off.In this review,we first introduce coherent Raman scattering and recent instrumentation developments,then discuss current computational CRS imaging methods,including compressive micro-spectroscopy,computational volumetric imaging,as well as machine learning algorithms that improve system performance and decipher chemical information.We foresee a constant permeation of computational concepts and algorithms to push the capability boundary of CRS microscopy.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12134006,12274242)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(21JCJQJC00050)the QuantiXLie Center of Excellence,a project co-financed by the Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund the Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme(KK.01.1.1.01.0004)the 66 Postdoctoral Science Grant of Chinathe NSERC Discovery Grantthe Canada Research Chair Programs.
文摘The orbital degrees of freedom play a pivotal role in understanding fundamental phenomena in solid-state materials as well as exotic quantum states of matter including orbital superfluidity and topological semimetals.Despite tremendous efforts in engineering synthetic cold-atom,as well as electronic and photonic lattices to explore orbital physics,thus far high orbitals in an important class of materials,namely,higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),have not been realized.Here,we demonstrate p-orbital corner states in a photonic HOTI,unveiling their underlying topological invariant,symmetry protection,and nonlinearity-induced dynamical rotation.In a Kagome-type HOTI,we find that the topological protection of p-orbital corner states demands an orbital-hopping symmetry in addition to generalized chiral symmetry.Due to orbital hybridization,nontrivial topology of the p-orbital HOTI is“hidden”if bulk polarization is used as the topological invariant,but well manifested by the generalized winding number.Our work opens a pathway for the exploration of intriguing orbital phenomena mediated by higher-band topology applicable to a broad spectrum of systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[92050202(Q.Z.),61875245(C.W.)]Shanghai Science and Technology Committee[19060502500(Q.Z.)]+1 种基金Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau[2020010601012169(C.W.)]the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)[2022R1A2C1091890(A.C.)].
文摘Spatiotemporal vortices of light,featuring transverse orbital angular momentum(OAM)and energy circulation in the spatiotemporal domain,have received increasing attention recently.The experimental realization of the controllable generation of spatiotemporal vortices triggers a series of research in this field.This review article covers the latest developments of spatiotemporal vortices of light ranging from theoretical physics,experimental generation schemes,and characterization methods,to applications and future perspectives.This new degree of freedom in photonic OAM endowed by spatiotemporal vortices paves the way to the discovery of novel physical mechanisms and photonic applications in light science.
基金supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(N660012114034)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)Multi-University Research Initiative(FA9550-21-1-0202)+1 种基金AFOSR(FA9550-18-1-0235)partially supported by AFOSR(FA9550-18-1-0300).
文摘Non-Hermitian systems with their spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points(EPs)have been explored for lasing,controlling light transport,and enhancing a sensor’s response.A ring resonator can be brought to an EP by controlling the coupling between its frequency degenerate clockwise and counterclockwise traveling modes.This has been typically achieved by introducing two or more nanotips into the resonator’s mode volume.While this method provides a route to study EP physics,the basic understanding of how the nanotips’shape and size symmetry impact the system’s non-Hermicity is missing,along with additional loss from both in-plane and out-of-plane scattering.The limited resonance stability poses a challenge for leveraging EP effects for switches or modulators,which requires stable cavity resonance and fixed laser-cavity detuning.Here we use lithographically defined asymmetric and symmetric Mie scatterers,which enable subwavelength control of wave transmission and reflections without deflecting to additional radiation channels.We show that those pre-defined Mie scatterers can bring the system to an EP without post tuning,as well as enable chiral light transport within the resonator.Counterintuitively,the Mie scatterer results in enhanced quality factor measured on the transmission port,through coherently suppressing the backscattering from the waveguide surface roughness.The proposed device platform enables pre-defined chiral light propagation and backscattering-free resonances,needed for various applications such as frequency combs,solitons,sensing,and other nonlinear optical processes such as photon blockade,and regenerative oscillators.
基金supported by Australian Research Council(CE200100010,DE220101085,DP220102152)the Office of Naval Research Global(N62909-22-1-2028)(I.A.)+5 种基金the POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOthe Basic Science grant(SSTF-BA2102-05)funded by the Samsung Science and Technology Foundationthe National Research Foundation(NRF)grant(NRF-2022M3C1A3081312)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Korean governmentthe NRF Sejong Science fellowship(NRF-RS-2023-00209560)funded by the MSIT of Korea governmentthe Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant(No.2019-0-01906,the POSTECH Artificial Intelligence Graduate School program)funded by the MSIT of the Korean government,and the POSTECH PIURI fellowshipthe POSTECH Alchemist fellowship.
文摘Structuring light emission from single-photon emitters(SPEs)in multiple degrees of freedom is of great importance for quantum information processing towards higher dimensions.However,traditional control of emission from quantum light sources relies on the use of multiple bulky optical elements or nanostructured resonators with limited functionalities,constraining the potential of multi-dimensional tailoring.Here we introduce the use of an ultrathin polarisation-beam-splitting metalens for the arbitrary structuring of quantum emission at room temperature.Owing to the complete and independent polarisation and phase control at the single meta-atom level,the designed metalens enables simultaneous mapping of quantum emission from ultra-bright defects in hexagonal boron nitride and imprinting of an arbitrary wavefront onto orthogonal polarisation states of the sources.The hybrid quantum metalens enables simultaneous manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom of a quantum light source,including directionality,polarisation,and orbital angular momentum.This could unleash the full potential of solid-state SPEs for their use as high-dimensional quantum sources for advanced quantum photonic applications.
基金supported by MURI projects from the U.S.Army Research Office(Grant No.W911NF-19-1-0279)the U.S.Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-21-1-0244).
文摘Weyl semimetals are topological materials whose electron quasiparticles obey the Weyl equation.They possess many unusual properties that may lead to new applications.This is a tutorial review of the optical properties and applications of Weyl semimetals.We review the basic concepts and optical responses of Weyl semimetals,and survey their applications in optics and thermal photonics.We hope this pedagogical text will motivate further research on this emerging topic.
基金supporting by national Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2802003,2022YFB3607300)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2022M711241)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62075084)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515020004).
文摘Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles emerged recently as an attractive material platform underpinning a broad range of innovative applications such as optical cryptography,luminescent probes,and lasing.However,the intricate 4f-associated electronic transition in upconversion nanoparticles leads only to a weak photoluminescence intensity and unpolarized emission,hindering many applications that demand ultrabright and polarized light sources.Here,we present an effective strategy for achieving ultrabright and dual-band polarized upconversion photoluminescence.We employ resonant dielectric metasurfaces supporting high-quality resonant modes at dual upconversion bands enabling two-order-of-magnitude amplification of upconversion emissions.We demonstrate that dual-band resonances can be selectively switched on polarization,endowing cross-polarization controlled upconversion luminescence with ultra-high degrees of polarization,reaching approximately 0.86 and 0.91 at dual emission wavelengths of 540 and 660 nm,respectively.Our strategy offers an effective approach for enhancing photon upconversion processes paving the way towards efficient low-threshold polarization upconversion lasers.
基金supported by the European Research Council(AdOMiS,no.695140).
文摘Adaptive optics normally concerns the feedback correction of phase aberrations.Such correction has been of benefit in various optical systems,with applications ranging in scale from astronomical telescopes to super-resolution microscopes.Here we extend this powerful tool into the vectorial domain,encompassing higher-dimensional feedback correction of both polarisation and phase.This technique is termed vectorial adaptive optics(V-AO).We show that V-AO can be implemented using sensor feedback,indirectly using sensorless AO,or in hybrid form combining aspects of both.We validate improvements in both vector field state and the focal quality of an optical system,through correction for commonplace vectorial aberration sources,ranging from objective lenses to biological samples.This technique pushes the boundaries of traditional scalar beam shaping by providing feedback control of extra vectorial degrees of freedom.This paves the way for next generation AO functionality by manipulating the complex vectorial field.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant(No.2017YFA0303800).MS acknowledges support from the Israel Science Foundation.
文摘Let there be light-to change the world we want to be!Over the past several decades,and ever since the birth of the first laser,mankind has witnessed the development of the science of light,as light-based technologies have revolutionarily changed our lives.Needless to say,photonics has now penetrated into many aspects of science and technology,turning into an important and dynamically changing field of increasing interdisciplinary interest.In this inaugural issue of eLight,we highlight a few emerging trends in photonics that we think are likely to have major impact at least in the upcoming decade,spanning from integrated quantum photonics and quantum computing,through topological/non-Hermitian photonics and topological insulator lasers,to AI-empowered nanophotonics and photonic machine learning.This Perspective is by no means an attempt to summarize all the latest advances in photonics,yet we wish our subjective vision could fuel inspiration and foster excitement in scientific research especially for young researchers who love the science of light.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12025503,12102086)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFA005)+3 种基金Experimental Technology project of Wuhan University(WHU-2021-SYJS-06)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0182)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042021kf0227,2042022kf1181)medical Sci-Tech innovation platform of Zhongnan Hospital(PTXM2021001).
文摘Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique with ultra-sensitivity becomes more and more desirable in biomedical analysis,which is yet hindered by inefficient follow-up data analysis.Here we report an integrative method based on SERS and Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Screening(SERS-AICS)for liquid biopsy such as serum via silver nanowires,combining molecular vibrational signals processing with large-scale data mining algorithm.According to 382 healthy controls and 1582 patients from two independent cohorts,SERS-AICS not only distinguishes pan-cancer patients from health controls with 95.81% overall accuracy and 95.87% sensitivity at 95.40% specificity,but also screens out those samples at early cancer stage.The supereminent efficiency potentiates SERS-AICS a promising tool for detecting cancer with broader types at earlier stage,accompanying with the establishment of a data platform for further deep analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61905115,62105151,62175109,U21B2033)Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan(BK20192003)+2 种基金Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190445,BK20210338)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30920032101)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105).
文摘Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the powerful super-resolution modalities in bioscience with the advantages of full-field imaging and high photon efficiency.However,artifact-free super-resolution image reconstruction requires precise knowledge about the illumination parameters.The sample-and environment-dependent on-the-fly experimental parameters need to be retrieved a posteriori from the acquired data,posing a major challenge for real-time,long-term live-cell imaging,where low photobleaching,phototoxicity,and light dose are a must.In this work,we present an efficient and robust SIM algorithm based on principal component analysis(PCA-SIM).PCA-SIM is based on the observation that the ideal phasor matrix of a SIM pattern is of rank one,leading to the low complexity,precise identification of noninteger pixel wave vector and pattern phase while rejecting components that are unrelated to the parameter estimation.We demonstrate that PCA-SIM achieves non-iteratively fast,accurate(below 0.01-pixel wave vector and 0.1%of 2relative phase under typical noise level),and robust parameter estimation at low SNRs,which allows real-time super-resolution imaging of live cells in complicated experimental scenarios where other state-of-the-art methods inevitably fail.In particular,we provide the open-source MATLAB toolbox of our PCA-SIM algorithm and associated datasets.The combination of iteration-free reconstruction,robustness to noise,and limited computational complexity makes PCA-SIM a promising method for high-speed,long-term,artifact-free super-resolution imaging of live cells.
文摘Planar and ultrathin liquid crystal(LC)polarization optical elements have found promising applications in augmented reality(AR),virtual reality(VR),and photonic devices.In this paper,we give a comprehensive review on the operation principles,device fabrication,and performance of these optical elements.Optical simulations methods for optimizing the device performance are discussed in detail.Finally,some potential applications of these devices in AR and VR systems are illustrated and analyzed.
基金funded by grants from the Office of Naval Research(N00014-19-1-2400 and N00014-21-1-2177)U.S.Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-18-1-0278).
文摘Water is an essential component of the Earth’s climate,but monitoring its properties using autonomous underwater sampling robots remains a significant challenge due to lack of underwater geolocalization capabilities.Current methods for underwater geolocalization rely on tethered systems with limited coverage or daytime imagery data in clear waters,leaving much of the underwater environment unexplored.Geolocalization in turbid waters or at night has been considered unfeasible due to absence of identifiable landmarks.In this paper,we present a novel method for underwater geolocalization using deep neural networks trained on-10 million polarization-sensitive images acquired globally,along with camera position sensor data.Our approach achieves longitudinal accuracy of-55 km(-1000 km)during daytime(nighttime)at depths up to-8 m,regardless of water turbidity.In clear waters,the transfer learning longitudinal accuracy is-255 km at 50 m depth.By leveraging optical data in conjunction with camera position information,our novel method facilitates underwater geolocalization and offers a valuable tool for untethered underwater navigation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075070 and 52172162)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1201500)+5 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022CFA053)the Innovation Fund of WNLOthe Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515012145)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530162403007)Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Provincethe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,HUST(Grant No.2022JYCXJJ009).
文摘Polaritons are quasi-particles that combine light with matter,enabling precise control of light at deep subwavelength scales.The excitation and propagation of polaritons are closely linked to the structural symmetries of the host materials,resulting in symmetrical polariton propagation in high-symmetry materials.However,in low-symmetry crystals,symmetry-broken polaritons exist,exhibiting enhanced directionality of polariton propagation for nanoscale light manipulation and steering.Here,we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the existence of symmetry-broken polaritons,with hyperbolic dispersion,in a high-symmetry crystal.We show that an optical disk-antenna positioned on the crystal surface can act as an in-plane polarized excitation source,enabling dynamic tailoring of the asymmetry of hyperbolic polariton propagation in the high-symmetry crystal over a broad frequency range.Additionally,we provide an intuitive analysis model that predicts the condition under which the asymmetric polaritonic behavior is maximized,which is corroborated by our simulations and experiments.Our results demonstrate that the directionality of polariton propagation can be conveniently configured,independent of the structure symmetry of crystals,providing a tuning knob for the polaritonic response and in-plane anisotropy in nanophotonic applications.
基金the Australia Research Council through the Discovery Project scheme(Grant Nos.DP190103186,DP220100603)the support through the Industrial Transformation Training Centres scheme(Grant No.IC180100005)+4 种基金Future Fellowship scheme(Grant No.FT210100806)the support through the Future Fellowship scheme(Grant No.FT220100559)the support through the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award scheme(DE230100383)the Suzhou Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.SYG202118)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021ME162).
文摘An ideal radiative cooler requires accurate spectral control capability to achieve efficient thermal emission in the atmospheric transparency window(8-13μm),low solar absorption,good stability,scalability,and a simple structure for effective diurnal radiative cooling.Flexible cooling films made from polymer relying on polymer intrinsic absorbance represent a cost-effective solution but lack accuracy in spectral control.Here,we propose and demonstrate a metasurface concept enabled by periodically arranged three-dimensional(3D)trench-like structures in a thin layer of polymer for high-performance radiative cooling.The structured polymer metasurface radiative cooler is manufactured by a roll-to-roll printing method.It exhibits superior spectral breadth and selectivity,which offers outstanding omnidirectional absorption/emission(96.1%)in the atmospheric transparency window,low solar absorption(4.8%),and high stability.Impressive cooling power of 129.8 W m^(-2) and temperature deduction of 7℃ on a clear sky midday have been achieved,promising broad practical applications in energy saving and passive heat dispersion fields.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210018,H.Z.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074037,Y.Z.).
文摘Biexciton emission in quantum dots is an efficient way to generate entangled photon pairs,which are key resources in quantum informatics.Compared with epitaxial grown quantum dots,chemically synthesized colloidal quantum dots show advantages of tunable wavelength and easy integration to realize quantum light sources.However,biexciton efficiency of colloidal quantum dots has been limited by Auger recombination.In this paper,we reported nonlocal interaction enhanced biexciton emission with efficiency up to 80% in large perovskite nanocrystals(>20 nm).The nonlocal interaction between carriers and excitons leads to the abnormal exponential decrease of Auger recombination with volume in large nanocrystals,which distinguishes with the linear scaling in small counterparts.Such an exponential decrease of Auger recombination results in long lifetime of biexcitons,responsible for the required high biexciton efficiency.The discovery of nonlocal effects in large semiconductor nanocrystals provides new strategies to achieve high efficiency multiple excitons for quantum optics and energy conversation applications.
