Metal nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties,which present promising applications in sensing,catalysis,and energy.However,chromium-based nanomateria...Metal nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties,which present promising applications in sensing,catalysis,and energy.However,chromium-based nanomaterials have been relatively overlooked in terms of their synthesis,properties,and applications.This research presents a rapid and efficient method for synthesizing chromium-based nanoparticles(Cr NPs)with tunable fluorescence capability to detect tumor-derived exosomes(TDEs)and implement information security at the molecular level.The synthesis process involved a straightforward procedure of mixing pre-cooled Cr6+and NaBH4 solutions for 30 min.The resultant spherical Cr NPs displayed unique fluorescence modulation(including quenching or enhancing)for various dyes and DNA with different compositions.Leveraging these fluorescence characteristics,a CD63 aptamer-Cr NPs sensing system was constructed for detecting CD63-positive TDEs even in real samples while encoding and protecting information.In this system,fluorescence-labeled CD63 aptamers functioned as recognition probes and information carriers,forming a stego object by adsorbing onto the Cr NPs.The specific binding of the CD63 aptamer-Cr NPs to CD63 or TDEs elicited distinct fluorescence responses,thereby enabling precise quantitative detection alongside data encryption and protection.This study provides a new extension for the preparation and application of novel metal nanomaterials,offers a new platform for the rapid detection of tumor biomarkers,and opens up a direction for the integration of sensing and information science based on molecular systems.展开更多
Li metal batteries(LMBs)offer high energy density but suffer from Li dendrite growth and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).Beyond conventional liquid systems,nanocolloid electrolytes(NCEs)incorporating insolu...Li metal batteries(LMBs)offer high energy density but suffer from Li dendrite growth and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).Beyond conventional liquid systems,nanocolloid electrolytes(NCEs)incorporating insoluble nanoparticles dispersed in liquid electrolytes have emerged to mediate Li+solvation and SEI formation,which are key factors governing Li dendrite suppression.Nonetheless,their practical application has been limited by an intrinsic trade-off between nanoparticle surface area and colloidal stability.To address this limitation,we propose an intrapore-structuring strategy that enables facile Li+transport and efficient SEI regulation.Incorporating well-ordered mesopores into SiO2 nanobeads achieves high surface area while retaining dispersibility by alleviating interparticle attraction.The intrapore-structured NCE alleviates viscosity increase,enhances anion mediation at the interface,and thereby effectively suppresses Li dendrite growth while promoting the buildup of anion-derived SEI.The LMB employing the intrapore-structured NCE demonstrates cycling stability over 300 cycles at 70%capacity retention and fast-charging capability up to 3 C,far outperforming NCEs using nonporous nanobeads and 7 nm-sized nanoparticles.This work establishes intrapore-structuring as a new design principle for realizing the practical potential of NCEs in LMBs.展开更多
Indisciplinable dendrite growth,harsh side reactions,and sluggish kinetics at the Zn electrode/electrolyte interface severely obstruct the commercialization of zinc-metal batteries.Besides,the development of wearable ...Indisciplinable dendrite growth,harsh side reactions,and sluggish kinetics at the Zn electrode/electrolyte interface severely obstruct the commercialization of zinc-metal batteries.Besides,the development of wearable devices has set a higher demand for the safety and biocompatibility of batteries.Herein,an in situ acid dipping approach is devised to spontaneously construct a functional and antibacterial interfacial layer containing carbonyl oxygen groups on the surface of zinc foils,using aqueous malic acid(denoted as MZ@Zn electrode)to tackle the above issues.The interfacial layer possesses satisfactory zincophilicity,promoting the ion kinetics and homogenizing the Zn deposition/dissolution.The MZ layer tightly adhered to the Zn electrode,and the deliberately exposed(002)_(Zn) planes assure favorable anticorrosive quality.Moreover,the MZ layer possesses high antimicrobial activity,ensuring biological safety.Consequently,the MZ@Zn electrodes display ultralong cycle stability over 3500 h at 5 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the full cells installed with LiFePO_(4)/C(LFP/C)and NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)cathodes exhibit superior electrochemical performances.Therefore,the stabilized zinc-metal anode achieved by acid etching to spontaneously construct a functional interfacial layer provides a simple and effective strategy for aqueous zinc-metal batteries.展开更多
The electrochemical hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction(HMFOR)has emerged as a sustainable strategy for producing high-value chemicals,yet achieving high product selectivity remains a key challenge.Herein,we repo...The electrochemical hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction(HMFOR)has emerged as a sustainable strategy for producing high-value chemicals,yet achieving high product selectivity remains a key challenge.Herein,we report the electrochemical conversion of HMF into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)under alkaline conditions over a catalyst with a high density of Pt-Cu dual-atom sites supported on N,S-doped carbon nanosheets(Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC).At a low Pt loading of 0.74 wt.%,the Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC catalyst demonstrates excellent HMFOR activity in 0.1 M KOH,including a low activation potential(0.98 V),high current output(1006.4 mA mg^(-1) at 1.42 V),excellent FDCA selectivity(97.4%),high Faradaic efficiency(97.6%),and long-term operational stability.Thesemetrics surpassmost previously reported catalyst systems.In comparison,amonometallic catalyst with only Cu single atom sites(Cu/NSC)showed low selectivity towards FDCA during HMFOR,instead favouring the production of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic(FFCA,81.6%yield).A Pt/NSC catalyst showed negligible activity for HMFOR.Experimental data and theoretical calculations for Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC reveal that Pt sites facilitate OH^(-)adsorption,which in turn promotes deeper oxidation of FFCA on adjacent Cu sites.This study encourages the wider pursuit of dual-atom catalysts(DACs)for the HMFOR and other challenging electrochemical syntheses.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their di...Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their distinct mechanisms.BPMED induces pH swings via water dissociation,while CDI concentrates CO_(2)-related ions through electric double-layer adsorption.This review provides a comparative evaluation of BPMED and CDI in terms of working principles,energy performance,system integration,and application scenarios,including direct air capture(DAC),carbon capture from industrial flue gas,and direct ocean capture(DOC).BPMED demonstrates high-capture rates and compatibility with in situ mineralization,whereas CDI offers lower energy demand and modular flexibility.Their respective strengths suggest potential complementarity-CDI may be better suited to treat liquid phase systems derived from point-source emissions,in which dissolved inorganic carbon species dominate the ionic composition and the background of competing ions is relatively controllable;BPMED may be better suited for treating environmental carbon sources with large volumes,low concentrations or high ionic strength.This framework offers potential insights for developing scalable electrochemical CO_(2) capture systems.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represent an advanced technology for achieving effective energy conversion,offering high efficiency and fuel flexibility.Perovskite-type oxide cathode materials are critical to their opera...Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represent an advanced technology for achieving effective energy conversion,offering high efficiency and fuel flexibility.Perovskite-type oxide cathode materials are critical to their operation,due to their excellent electrochemical performance.Doping strategies are commonly employed to improve their physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics.However,the precise role of high-valence dopants in modulating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity and oxygen ion transport remains inadequately understood.This study investigates the B-site engineering in the perovskite material Pr_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(PSCF)through niobium(Nb)doping,in which iron(Fe)is partially substituted to elucidate the influence of Nb on cathode performance.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that doping significantly reduces the oxygen vacancy formation energy(E_(vac))at Co/Fe-related sites,thus promoting oxygen vacancy generation and enhancing oxygen mobility in the lattice.In contrast,the E_(vac) at Nb-related sites increases,indicating a site-dependent redistribution of oxygen defects and local charge compensation.This redistribution facilitates the ORR pathway associated with high valence Co^(4+)/Fe^(4+)species at intermediate temperatures,even though the high temperature ORR involving Co^(3+)/Fe^(3+)may be partially suppressed.As the Nb content increases,a decrease in polarization resistance is observed,with the optimal electrochemical performance achieved in PSCFN_(0.05) and PSCFN_(0.1),showing polarization resistances of 0.052 and 0.050Ωcm^(2),respectively.Notably,PSCFN_(0.1) achieves more than 2.6 times the power density of the undoped PSCF at 500℃(77 vs.29 mW·cm^(-2)).These findings provide fundamental insights into rational B-site design,offering a clear strategy for enhancing the catalytic activity and ion transport properties of perovskite cathodes in SOFCs.展开更多
Given the increasing global demand for sustainablematerials and growing concerns over the depletion of petrochemical resources,we report the synthesis of an amorphous bio-derived polyester diol,and this diol was polym...Given the increasing global demand for sustainablematerials and growing concerns over the depletion of petrochemical resources,we report the synthesis of an amorphous bio-derived polyester diol,and this diol was polymerized with various isocyanates and butanediol,yielding a novel series of bio-based polyurethane elastomers(BPUEs).Notably,the prepared HDI-17% exhibited remarkable mechanical properties comparable to petroleum-based elastomers while demonstrating exceptional biodegradability.Specifically,the elastomer indicated an enzymatic degradation ratio of 82.0% within 20 days and a relative compost degradation ratio of up to 95.5% compared with lignin over 90 days.These results significantly surpass the degradation rates of other degradable PUs reported in the literature.Regarding the degradation mechanism,our findings indicated that enzymatic degradation primarily targeted the ester groups of soft segments,with the process occurring layer-by-layer from exterior to interior.Additionally,microphase separation significantly influenced the degradation rate.Notably,both the BPUEs and their degradation byproduct solution were found to be nonbiotoxicity,highlighting their potential for safe application within biological systems.Furthermore,the BPUEs exhibited remarkable 3D printability,allowing for the precise fabrication of complex devices.These results mark a significant step forward in sustainable materials,providing viable options for the applications of customizing degradable biomedical devices.展开更多
ABSTRACT Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells(H-SOFCs)retain the advantages of traditional SOFCs while operating at lower temperatures,attracting significant attention for efficient power generation.However,this t...ABSTRACT Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells(H-SOFCs)retain the advantages of traditional SOFCs while operating at lower temperatures,attracting significant attention for efficient power generation.However,this temperature reduction inherently slows the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although high-entropy oxides present a breakthrough strategy for developing high-performance cathodes in H-SOFCs,key challenges persist,which are highlighted in this perspective.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions call for clean energy solutions.Hydrogen energy,with high caloric value and low environmental impact,is a promising alternative...The growing global energy demand and environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions call for clean energy solutions.Hydrogen energy,with high caloric value and low environmental impact,is a promising alternative,especially when produced via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE).This process relies on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),both requiring efficient electrocatalysts.Platinum(Pt),the most effectiveHER catalyst,is limited by high cost and scarcity,prompting research into Pt alternatives like ruthenium-based,transition metal derivatives,and metal-free catalysts that balance cost,efficiency,and stability.This review explores HER mechanisms,Pt-free catalyst innovations,and the impact of structural and interfacial electrode optimization on performance of HER in acidic media.It also examines electrochemical evaluation techniques,material characterization,and the role ofmachine learning in catalyst design.By providing a framework for Pt-free HER catalyst development,this review supports advancements in efficient and sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.展开更多
Low-ionic conductivity within high-loading cathode has greatly limited the application of solid polymer electrolytes in rechargeable batteries.Herein,solid polymer electrolyte with a three-dimensionally conducting net...Low-ionic conductivity within high-loading cathode has greatly limited the application of solid polymer electrolytes in rechargeable batteries.Herein,solid polymer electrolyte with a three-dimensionally conducting network is obtained by in situ polymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC)with the aid of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate(DPHA)crosslinker in the solidstate lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs).The weak coordination of Li^(+)with C═O and C─O groups promotes the dissociation and transport of Li^(+).The obtained P(VEC–DPHA)electrolyte enables a fast and orderly Li^(+)transport path and hinders the transport of TFSI^(-),rendering a remarkable ionic conductivity(2.53×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)),high Li+transference number(0.47),and wide electrochemical window(5.1 V).A total of 87.38%capacity retention rate of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)||Li is achieved after 200 cycles at 0.2 C.P(VEC–DPHA)can also provide stable cycles under harsh conditions of high rate(1 C),high-cathode loading(10.83 mg cm^(-2)),and high-energy-density pouch cell(421.8Wh kg^(-1),cathode loading of 25 mg cm^(-2)).This work provides novel insights for the design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes and high-energy-density LMBs.展开更多
Transition metal carbides(TMCs)serve as efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions(HERs),holding significant importance in promoting hydrogen production for carbon neutrality.To optimize int...Transition metal carbides(TMCs)serve as efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions(HERs),holding significant importance in promoting hydrogen production for carbon neutrality.To optimize interfacial catalytic activity,structurally designing TMCs into two-dimensional(2D)and porous structures to expose more practical surface areas and enhance electronic configurations is a common and effective strategy.Particularly,porous 2D non-layered TMCs(2D NLTMCs)demonstrate richer active sites distinct from layered interfacial inertness.However,mainstream selective etching and chemical deposition growth mechanisms struggle to prepare highly active porous 2D NL-TMCs due to constraints posed by their high structural strength and formation temperature.Herein,we successfully synthesized porous 2D W_(2)C(2D p-W_(2)C)rapidly using a microwave shock method.Mechanistic verification reveals that leveraging transient high temperature and rapid on-off properties of microwave effectively combines with an oxidation-induced porosity mechanism,facilitating the evolution of porous 2D structures.These low-dimensional nanostructures with abundant edge defect sites aid in efficient adsorption reactions of intermediate species in HER.Moreover,the successful preparation of a series of porous 2D NL-TMCs(Mo2C,NbC,TaC)confirms the universality of this method,with the synthesized 2D p-W_(2)C exhibiting optimal HER performance.This strategy offers new insights into the topological synthesis of porous 2D NL crystals.展开更多
Atomic doping is recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of hard carbon(HC)in potassium-ion batteries.However,the comprehension of its influence on microstructure remains inadequ...Atomic doping is recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of hard carbon(HC)in potassium-ion batteries.However,the comprehension of its influence on microstructure remains inadequately understood.Here,we investigate the synergistic effect of structural evolution and performance changes of HC,while comprehensively analyzing the strengthening mechanism of N/S co-doping on potassium-ion storage.N/S can serve not only as active sites for electrochemical redox reactions,but also expand the carbon interlayer spacing while regulating electronic properties,thereby improving diffusion kinetics.Remarkably,the introduction of N/S can adjust the curvature of graphitic microcrystallites,promoting the formation of closed pore structures,which contributes to the pore-filling of quasi-metallic potassium clusters.Multidimensional characterization techniques confirmed the“adsorption-insertion/pore-filling”mechanism for potassium storage in HC.Thiswork establishes a design theoretical framework aimed at enhancing electrochemical performance,offering a theoretical foundation and a selection methodology for the advancement of high-performance HC anode.展开更多
The synergistic effect of bi-component support catalysts via facile synthesis remains a pivotal challenge in catalysis,particularly under mild conditions.Therefore,this study reports an ultrasonication-plasma strategy...The synergistic effect of bi-component support catalysts via facile synthesis remains a pivotal challenge in catalysis,particularly under mild conditions.Therefore,this study reports an ultrasonication-plasma strategy to produce a PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)site catalyst encapsulated within a high-entropy alloy framework.This approach harnesses instantaneous high-temperature plasma generated using an electrical field and ultrasonication under ambient conditions in H_(2)O.This study also elucidates the origin of the bifunctional effect in high-loading,ultra-stable,and ultra-fine PtGaPCoCoO catalysts,which are coated with a reducible TiO_(x)layer,thereby achieving optimal catalytic activity and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance.PtGaPCo intimacy in PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)is tuned and distributed on the porous titania coating based on strong metal-support interactions by leveraging the instantaneous high-energy input from plasma discharge and ultrasonication under ambient conditions in H_(2)O.PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)exhibits remarkable selectivity and durability in the hydrogenation of 3-nitrophenylacetylene,even after 25 cycles with high conversion rates,significantly outperforming comparative catalysts lacking the ultrasonication plasma treatment and other reported catalysts.Furthermore,the catalyst exhibits exceptional HER activity,demonstrated by an overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 152 mV dec-1.This enhancement can be attributed to an increased electron density on the Pt surface within the PtGaPCo alloy.These findings highlight the potential of achieving synergistic chemical interactions among active metal sites in stable,industry-applicable catalysts.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of traditional preventative measures and underscored the essential role of face masks in controlling virus transmission.More effective and recyclable facial masks usin...The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of traditional preventative measures and underscored the essential role of face masks in controlling virus transmission.More effective and recyclable facial masks using various materials have been developed.In this work,vertically aligned carbon nanotubes(VACNTs)are employed as effective facial mask filters,particularly aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in preparation for future COVID-19 pandemics.This study assesses six critical aspects of facial masks:hydrophobicity,industrial viability,breathability,hyperthermal antiviral effect,toxicity,and reusability.The VACNT alone exhibits superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 175.53◦,and an average of 142.7◦for a large area on spun-bonded polypropylene.VACNTs are processed using a roll-to-roll method,eliminating the need for adhesives.Due to the aligned tubes,VACNT filters demonstrate exceptional breathability and moisture ventilation compared to previously reported CNT and conventional filters.Hyperthermal tests of VACNT filters under sunlight confirm that up to 99.8%of the HCoV 229E virus denatures even in cold environments.The safety of using VACNTs is corroborated through histopathological evaluation and subcutaneous implantation tests,addressing concerns of respiratory and skin inflammation.VACNT masks efficiently transmit moisture and rapidly return to their initial dry state under sunlight maintaining their properties after 10000 bending cycles.In addition,the unique capability of VACNT filters to function as respiratory sensors,signaling dampness and facilitating reuse,is assessed,alongside their Joule heating effect.展开更多
For the first time,a printable,miniaturized,and gate-controlled electrochemical capacitor-diode(G-CAPode)is presented.The heart of the device consists of a recently developed asymmetric electrical double-layer capacit...For the first time,a printable,miniaturized,and gate-controlled electrochemical capacitor-diode(G-CAPode)is presented.The heart of the device consists of a recently developed asymmetric electrical double-layer capacitor system based on selective,sizedependent ion adsorption.Due to the introduction of a sieving carbon with ultramicroporous pores(d=0.69 nm)as one electrode material,an effective blocking of ions with sizes below the pore size of the carbon can be achieved,leading to a unidirectional charging comparable to a diode(CAPode).This“working capacitor”(W-Cap)was further expanded by introducing a third(“gate”)electrode enabling a control of the current and voltage output of the W-Cap depending on the applied gate bias between the gate electrode and counter electrode of the W-Cap resembling transistor features.By varying the gate bias voltage,the potentials and therefore the working window of theW-Cap electrodes are shifted to more positive or negative potentials,leading to an increase or decrease of the G-CAPode capacitance.The printed G-CAPode was tested as a switchable device analogous to an I-MOS varactor for the adjustable filtering ofACsignals in a high-pass filter and band-pass filter application.This investigation opens the possibility to couple capacitive(energy storage),diodic(current rectification),and transistor(voltage-controlled switching)characteristics in one device and also addresses its process integration via 3D printing.展开更多
Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challe...Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challenge.In this study,a tough,durable,recyclable,green,and multifunctional semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was developed and enhanced by lignin@polypyrrole core-shell nanoparticles(LP9).The semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was constructed using environmentally friendly poly(vinyl alcohol)and bio-based gelatin.The LP9 was synthesized via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on lignin nanoparticles,serving as rigid anchors to enhance the gel’s properties and eliminate heterogeneity through hydrogen bonding.With 5%of LP9,the organohydrogel(5LP9)demonstrated a tensile strength of 2.5MPa,elongation of 700%,conductivity of 432 mS/m,and a gauge factor of 1.7 with a good linearity,highlighting its excellent performance as an electronic conductive material.In addition,the organohydrogel exhibited remarkable environmental stability,antimicrobial properties,recyclability,and biocompatibility.When applied to human motion detection,voice recognition,and gesture recognition,the organohydrogel showcased excellent recognition ability,responsive functionality,and long-term monitoring stability.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing green and programmable wearable sensors for human-machine interaction,incorporating deep learning such as letter-writing recognition.展开更多
Anode-free sodium batteries(AFSBs)have attracted increasing attention for their high energy density.However,they suffer from rapid capacity decline resulting from sodium dendrite growth at the sodium/host interface an...Anode-free sodium batteries(AFSBs)have attracted increasing attention for their high energy density.However,they suffer from rapid capacity decline resulting from sodium dendrite growth at the sodium/host interface and irreversible side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface.Herein,a GaInSn-coated Cu foil(G-Cu),prepared by a simple brush coating method,was applied as the sodiophilic current collector to regulate sodium nucleation behavior.In addition,a nonexpendable functional electrolyte additive,hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDSO),was introduced,which could be absorbed on the sodium surface and serve as a protective layer against corrosion side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface.It is interesting to note that this additive barely participated in forming the solid electrolyte interphase.The synergetic effects of sodiophilic interface design and electrolyte regulation enable reversible sodium plating and stripping.Ultimately,the AFSB assembled using G-Cu and HMDSO electrolyte with a highly loaded Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) cathode(≈12.5 mg cm^(−2))delivers a discharge capacity of 84.5 mAh g^(−1) after 200 cycles with a high capacity retention of 87.6%,significantly extending its operation lifespan.展开更多
Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have a promising perspective as oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their high surface areas and tunable structures.However,one of the main challenges for their further ...Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have a promising perspective as oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their high surface areas and tunable structures.However,one of the main challenges for their further application is inferior stability during alkaline OER.Herein,operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy and operando x-ray diffraction of NiCo-MOF-74 materials unveil their electrochemical transformations differentiating between electrolyte-induced,beam-induced,and electrochemically induced changes of the electronic state and local structure around the transition metal centers in addition to their overall crystal structure.An inferior electrolyte-and beam stability of Co-MOF-74 is revealed in comparison to a more stable performance of Ni-MOF-74 and Ni0.25Co0.75-MOF-74.Based on the operando measurement results,good experimental practices for future MOF OER electrocatalyst studies are presented.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing sustainable materials science,yet a comprehensive and timely evaluation of the rapidly evolving AI techniques applied across the entire materials lifecycle remains lacking...Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing sustainable materials science,yet a comprehensive and timely evaluation of the rapidly evolving AI techniques applied across the entire materials lifecycle remains lacking.Thiswork reviews AI-driven advances in sustainable materials,specifically focusing on battery materials,thermal management materials,energy conversion materials,and catalysts.The key patterns,capabilities,and limitations of AI are identified across three interconnected phases:sustainable materials design(leveraging predictive and generative models for accelerated discovery),green processing(integrating adaptive synthesis optimization and autonomous experimentation),and extending to lifecycle management(encompassing real-time monitoring,predictive maintenance,and intelligent recycling).Then,the persistent challenges,including data sparsity,domainspecific knowledge integration,and limited model generalizability,are investigated,followed by an exploration of emerging solutions such as federated learning for privacy-preserving data sharing,physics-informed neural networks for knowledge integration,and multimodal AI for cross-modal knowledge transfer.Finally,the computational sustainability challenges of AI methods themselves are also discussed.This review highlights key bottlenecks impeding scalable adoption and discuss pathways for realizing the full potential of AI in sustainable materials development.展开更多
MXenes,a family of emerging two-dimensional materials offer enriched surface chemistry,high electrical conductivities,large specific surface area,intrinsic physicochemical properties,and excellent mechanical stability...MXenes,a family of emerging two-dimensional materials offer enriched surface chemistry,high electrical conductivities,large specific surface area,intrinsic physicochemical properties,and excellent mechanical stability.However,restacking of MXene sheets limit their electrochemical performance.To overcome this limitation,recent advancements have focused on developing MXene composites with metal phosphates/phosphides(MXene/MPs).This review discusses the applications of MXene/MPs composites in energy storage and conversion applications.The incorporation ofMPs intoMXenes not only addresses the restacking issue and aggregation problems,but also enhances the overall electrochemical performance of energy storage and conversion systems.The review concludes with a summary of the current research status and future prospects for MXene/MPs-based composites in energy applications.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFD2401105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201108)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Inno-vation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1167)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2024JJ5251 and 2024JJ5053)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(Nos.24A0048 and 24B0893)Hunan Province College Students Research Learning and Innovative Experiment Project(S202310542099).
文摘Metal nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties,which present promising applications in sensing,catalysis,and energy.However,chromium-based nanomaterials have been relatively overlooked in terms of their synthesis,properties,and applications.This research presents a rapid and efficient method for synthesizing chromium-based nanoparticles(Cr NPs)with tunable fluorescence capability to detect tumor-derived exosomes(TDEs)and implement information security at the molecular level.The synthesis process involved a straightforward procedure of mixing pre-cooled Cr6+and NaBH4 solutions for 30 min.The resultant spherical Cr NPs displayed unique fluorescence modulation(including quenching or enhancing)for various dyes and DNA with different compositions.Leveraging these fluorescence characteristics,a CD63 aptamer-Cr NPs sensing system was constructed for detecting CD63-positive TDEs even in real samples while encoding and protecting information.In this system,fluorescence-labeled CD63 aptamers functioned as recognition probes and information carriers,forming a stego object by adsorbing onto the Cr NPs.The specific binding of the CD63 aptamer-Cr NPs to CD63 or TDEs elicited distinct fluorescence responses,thereby enabling precise quantitative detection alongside data encryption and protection.This study provides a new extension for the preparation and application of novel metal nanomaterials,offers a new platform for the rapid detection of tumor biomarkers,and opens up a direction for the integration of sensing and information science based on molecular systems.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea through the International Joint Research Program(RS-2024-00428511)the Young Researcher Program(RS-2024-00347111)+4 种基金the Universal Lithium Electrode-Assembly Research Associate(RS-2025-25441257)the Engineering Research Center of Excellence(RS-2023-00222166 and 2022R1A5A1033719)Programsthe HRD Program for Industrial Innovation(RS-2024-00420590)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)funding from the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant(GTL24012-000)financial support from the Yonsei University Research Fund(2024-22-0503 and 2025-12-0055).
文摘Li metal batteries(LMBs)offer high energy density but suffer from Li dendrite growth and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).Beyond conventional liquid systems,nanocolloid electrolytes(NCEs)incorporating insoluble nanoparticles dispersed in liquid electrolytes have emerged to mediate Li+solvation and SEI formation,which are key factors governing Li dendrite suppression.Nonetheless,their practical application has been limited by an intrinsic trade-off between nanoparticle surface area and colloidal stability.To address this limitation,we propose an intrapore-structuring strategy that enables facile Li+transport and efficient SEI regulation.Incorporating well-ordered mesopores into SiO2 nanobeads achieves high surface area while retaining dispersibility by alleviating interparticle attraction.The intrapore-structured NCE alleviates viscosity increase,enhances anion mediation at the interface,and thereby effectively suppresses Li dendrite growth while promoting the buildup of anion-derived SEI.The LMB employing the intrapore-structured NCE demonstrates cycling stability over 300 cycles at 70%capacity retention and fast-charging capability up to 3 C,far outperforming NCEs using nonporous nanobeads and 7 nm-sized nanoparticles.This work establishes intrapore-structuring as a new design principle for realizing the practical potential of NCEs in LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201248,U21A20284)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2024202168)the Science and Technology Rising Star Project of Hebei University of Technology(No.JBKYXX2201).
文摘Indisciplinable dendrite growth,harsh side reactions,and sluggish kinetics at the Zn electrode/electrolyte interface severely obstruct the commercialization of zinc-metal batteries.Besides,the development of wearable devices has set a higher demand for the safety and biocompatibility of batteries.Herein,an in situ acid dipping approach is devised to spontaneously construct a functional and antibacterial interfacial layer containing carbonyl oxygen groups on the surface of zinc foils,using aqueous malic acid(denoted as MZ@Zn electrode)to tackle the above issues.The interfacial layer possesses satisfactory zincophilicity,promoting the ion kinetics and homogenizing the Zn deposition/dissolution.The MZ layer tightly adhered to the Zn electrode,and the deliberately exposed(002)_(Zn) planes assure favorable anticorrosive quality.Moreover,the MZ layer possesses high antimicrobial activity,ensuring biological safety.Consequently,the MZ@Zn electrodes display ultralong cycle stability over 3500 h at 5 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the full cells installed with LiFePO_(4)/C(LFP/C)and NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)cathodes exhibit superior electrochemical performances.Therefore,the stabilized zinc-metal anode achieved by acid etching to spontaneously construct a functional interfacial layer provides a simple and effective strategy for aqueous zinc-metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279035)the 111 Project(B17018)+2 种基金a research grant(204-A021001)from the China-Singapore International Joint Research Institutefunding from the Royal Society Te Aparangi(James Cook Research Fellowship)the Energy Education Trust of New Zealand,and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology.
文摘The electrochemical hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction(HMFOR)has emerged as a sustainable strategy for producing high-value chemicals,yet achieving high product selectivity remains a key challenge.Herein,we report the electrochemical conversion of HMF into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)under alkaline conditions over a catalyst with a high density of Pt-Cu dual-atom sites supported on N,S-doped carbon nanosheets(Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC).At a low Pt loading of 0.74 wt.%,the Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC catalyst demonstrates excellent HMFOR activity in 0.1 M KOH,including a low activation potential(0.98 V),high current output(1006.4 mA mg^(-1) at 1.42 V),excellent FDCA selectivity(97.4%),high Faradaic efficiency(97.6%),and long-term operational stability.Thesemetrics surpassmost previously reported catalyst systems.In comparison,amonometallic catalyst with only Cu single atom sites(Cu/NSC)showed low selectivity towards FDCA during HMFOR,instead favouring the production of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic(FFCA,81.6%yield).A Pt/NSC catalyst showed negligible activity for HMFOR.Experimental data and theoretical calculations for Pt-Cu_(high)/NSC reveal that Pt sites facilitate OH^(-)adsorption,which in turn promotes deeper oxidation of FFCA on adjacent Cu sites.This study encourages the wider pursuit of dual-atom catalysts(DACs)for the HMFOR and other challenging electrochemical syntheses.
基金financially supported by Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(23JCZDJC00570)Special Funding of China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2023T160268)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741362)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904000).
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their distinct mechanisms.BPMED induces pH swings via water dissociation,while CDI concentrates CO_(2)-related ions through electric double-layer adsorption.This review provides a comparative evaluation of BPMED and CDI in terms of working principles,energy performance,system integration,and application scenarios,including direct air capture(DAC),carbon capture from industrial flue gas,and direct ocean capture(DOC).BPMED demonstrates high-capture rates and compatibility with in situ mineralization,whereas CDI offers lower energy demand and modular flexibility.Their respective strengths suggest potential complementarity-CDI may be better suited to treat liquid phase systems derived from point-source emissions,in which dissolved inorganic carbon species dominate the ionic composition and the background of competing ions is relatively controllable;BPMED may be better suited for treating environmental carbon sources with large volumes,low concentrations or high ionic strength.This framework offers potential insights for developing scalable electrochemical CO_(2) capture systems.
基金supported by A*STAR-MAECI Joint Grant Call–Scientific and Technological Cooperation Grant,Award No.R23I0IR039in part by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation,Grant number SG23GR06.
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represent an advanced technology for achieving effective energy conversion,offering high efficiency and fuel flexibility.Perovskite-type oxide cathode materials are critical to their operation,due to their excellent electrochemical performance.Doping strategies are commonly employed to improve their physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics.However,the precise role of high-valence dopants in modulating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity and oxygen ion transport remains inadequately understood.This study investigates the B-site engineering in the perovskite material Pr_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(PSCF)through niobium(Nb)doping,in which iron(Fe)is partially substituted to elucidate the influence of Nb on cathode performance.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that doping significantly reduces the oxygen vacancy formation energy(E_(vac))at Co/Fe-related sites,thus promoting oxygen vacancy generation and enhancing oxygen mobility in the lattice.In contrast,the E_(vac) at Nb-related sites increases,indicating a site-dependent redistribution of oxygen defects and local charge compensation.This redistribution facilitates the ORR pathway associated with high valence Co^(4+)/Fe^(4+)species at intermediate temperatures,even though the high temperature ORR involving Co^(3+)/Fe^(3+)may be partially suppressed.As the Nb content increases,a decrease in polarization resistance is observed,with the optimal electrochemical performance achieved in PSCFN_(0.05) and PSCFN_(0.1),showing polarization resistances of 0.052 and 0.050Ωcm^(2),respectively.Notably,PSCFN_(0.1) achieves more than 2.6 times the power density of the undoped PSCF at 500℃(77 vs.29 mW·cm^(-2)).These findings provide fundamental insights into rational B-site design,offering a clear strategy for enhancing the catalytic activity and ion transport properties of perovskite cathodes in SOFCs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3704700)National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(51703007)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52341301)National Natural Science Foundation of China and Basic Science Center Program(51988102).
文摘Given the increasing global demand for sustainablematerials and growing concerns over the depletion of petrochemical resources,we report the synthesis of an amorphous bio-derived polyester diol,and this diol was polymerized with various isocyanates and butanediol,yielding a novel series of bio-based polyurethane elastomers(BPUEs).Notably,the prepared HDI-17% exhibited remarkable mechanical properties comparable to petroleum-based elastomers while demonstrating exceptional biodegradability.Specifically,the elastomer indicated an enzymatic degradation ratio of 82.0% within 20 days and a relative compost degradation ratio of up to 95.5% compared with lignin over 90 days.These results significantly surpass the degradation rates of other degradable PUs reported in the literature.Regarding the degradation mechanism,our findings indicated that enzymatic degradation primarily targeted the ester groups of soft segments,with the process occurring layer-by-layer from exterior to interior.Additionally,microphase separation significantly influenced the degradation rate.Notably,both the BPUEs and their degradation byproduct solution were found to be nonbiotoxicity,highlighting their potential for safe application within biological systems.Furthermore,the BPUEs exhibited remarkable 3D printability,allowing for the precise fabrication of complex devices.These results mark a significant step forward in sustainable materials,providing viable options for the applications of customizing degradable biomedical devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:52572230)。
文摘ABSTRACT Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells(H-SOFCs)retain the advantages of traditional SOFCs while operating at lower temperatures,attracting significant attention for efficient power generation.However,this temperature reduction inherently slows the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although high-entropy oxides present a breakthrough strategy for developing high-performance cathodes in H-SOFCs,key challenges persist,which are highlighted in this perspective.
基金supported by the Resources Technology and Critical Minerals Trailblazer and the Commonwealth Government through the Trailblazer Universities Program as well as the Higher Degree by Research(HDR 2024)Scholarship by Curtin University,Perth,Australia.
文摘The growing global energy demand and environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions call for clean energy solutions.Hydrogen energy,with high caloric value and low environmental impact,is a promising alternative,especially when produced via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE).This process relies on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),both requiring efficient electrocatalysts.Platinum(Pt),the most effectiveHER catalyst,is limited by high cost and scarcity,prompting research into Pt alternatives like ruthenium-based,transition metal derivatives,and metal-free catalysts that balance cost,efficiency,and stability.This review explores HER mechanisms,Pt-free catalyst innovations,and the impact of structural and interfacial electrode optimization on performance of HER in acidic media.It also examines electrochemical evaluation techniques,material characterization,and the role ofmachine learning in catalyst design.By providing a framework for Pt-free HER catalyst development,this review supports advancements in efficient and sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92372111,22179070,and 22075269)National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Overseas)Program(GG2090007003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.RF1028623157).
文摘Low-ionic conductivity within high-loading cathode has greatly limited the application of solid polymer electrolytes in rechargeable batteries.Herein,solid polymer electrolyte with a three-dimensionally conducting network is obtained by in situ polymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC)with the aid of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate(DPHA)crosslinker in the solidstate lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs).The weak coordination of Li^(+)with C═O and C─O groups promotes the dissociation and transport of Li^(+).The obtained P(VEC–DPHA)electrolyte enables a fast and orderly Li^(+)transport path and hinders the transport of TFSI^(-),rendering a remarkable ionic conductivity(2.53×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)),high Li+transference number(0.47),and wide electrochemical window(5.1 V).A total of 87.38%capacity retention rate of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)||Li is achieved after 200 cycles at 0.2 C.P(VEC–DPHA)can also provide stable cycles under harsh conditions of high rate(1 C),high-cathode loading(10.83 mg cm^(-2)),and high-energy-density pouch cell(421.8Wh kg^(-1),cathode loading of 25 mg cm^(-2)).This work provides novel insights for the design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes and high-energy-density LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52203070)the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber and Ecological Dyeing and Finishing(Grant STRZ202203)support provided by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Visiting Scholar Program.
文摘Transition metal carbides(TMCs)serve as efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions(HERs),holding significant importance in promoting hydrogen production for carbon neutrality.To optimize interfacial catalytic activity,structurally designing TMCs into two-dimensional(2D)and porous structures to expose more practical surface areas and enhance electronic configurations is a common and effective strategy.Particularly,porous 2D non-layered TMCs(2D NLTMCs)demonstrate richer active sites distinct from layered interfacial inertness.However,mainstream selective etching and chemical deposition growth mechanisms struggle to prepare highly active porous 2D NL-TMCs due to constraints posed by their high structural strength and formation temperature.Herein,we successfully synthesized porous 2D W_(2)C(2D p-W_(2)C)rapidly using a microwave shock method.Mechanistic verification reveals that leveraging transient high temperature and rapid on-off properties of microwave effectively combines with an oxidation-induced porosity mechanism,facilitating the evolution of porous 2D structures.These low-dimensional nanostructures with abundant edge defect sites aid in efficient adsorption reactions of intermediate species in HER.Moreover,the successful preparation of a series of porous 2D NL-TMCs(Mo2C,NbC,TaC)confirms the universality of this method,with the synthesized 2D p-W_(2)C exhibiting optimal HER performance.This strategy offers new insights into the topological synthesis of porous 2D NL crystals.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202401AS070646,202501CF070129)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202403AA080018)+2 种基金the Innovation Capacity Construction and Enhancement Projects of Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province(2023-XMDJ-00617107)the Opening Project of Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources,Ministry of Education(2024CUCPPR01)Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502015).
文摘Atomic doping is recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of hard carbon(HC)in potassium-ion batteries.However,the comprehension of its influence on microstructure remains inadequately understood.Here,we investigate the synergistic effect of structural evolution and performance changes of HC,while comprehensively analyzing the strengthening mechanism of N/S co-doping on potassium-ion storage.N/S can serve not only as active sites for electrochemical redox reactions,but also expand the carbon interlayer spacing while regulating electronic properties,thereby improving diffusion kinetics.Remarkably,the introduction of N/S can adjust the curvature of graphitic microcrystallites,promoting the formation of closed pore structures,which contributes to the pore-filling of quasi-metallic potassium clusters.Multidimensional characterization techniques confirmed the“adsorption-insertion/pore-filling”mechanism for potassium storage in HC.Thiswork establishes a design theoretical framework aimed at enhancing electrochemical performance,offering a theoretical foundation and a selection methodology for the advancement of high-performance HC anode.
基金supported by two Mid-Level Researcher National Projects of the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea(NRF-2022R1A2C1004392).
文摘The synergistic effect of bi-component support catalysts via facile synthesis remains a pivotal challenge in catalysis,particularly under mild conditions.Therefore,this study reports an ultrasonication-plasma strategy to produce a PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)site catalyst encapsulated within a high-entropy alloy framework.This approach harnesses instantaneous high-temperature plasma generated using an electrical field and ultrasonication under ambient conditions in H_(2)O.This study also elucidates the origin of the bifunctional effect in high-loading,ultra-stable,and ultra-fine PtGaPCoCoO catalysts,which are coated with a reducible TiO_(x)layer,thereby achieving optimal catalytic activity and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance.PtGaPCo intimacy in PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)is tuned and distributed on the porous titania coating based on strong metal-support interactions by leveraging the instantaneous high-energy input from plasma discharge and ultrasonication under ambient conditions in H_(2)O.PtGaPCoCoO@TiO_(x)exhibits remarkable selectivity and durability in the hydrogenation of 3-nitrophenylacetylene,even after 25 cycles with high conversion rates,significantly outperforming comparative catalysts lacking the ultrasonication plasma treatment and other reported catalysts.Furthermore,the catalyst exhibits exceptional HER activity,demonstrated by an overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 152 mV dec-1.This enhancement can be attributed to an increased electron density on the Pt surface within the PtGaPCo alloy.These findings highlight the potential of achieving synergistic chemical interactions among active metal sites in stable,industry-applicable catalysts.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C1004131 and RS-2024-00406152)supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00258971,20%,and RS-2023-00228994).
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of traditional preventative measures and underscored the essential role of face masks in controlling virus transmission.More effective and recyclable facial masks using various materials have been developed.In this work,vertically aligned carbon nanotubes(VACNTs)are employed as effective facial mask filters,particularly aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in preparation for future COVID-19 pandemics.This study assesses six critical aspects of facial masks:hydrophobicity,industrial viability,breathability,hyperthermal antiviral effect,toxicity,and reusability.The VACNT alone exhibits superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 175.53◦,and an average of 142.7◦for a large area on spun-bonded polypropylene.VACNTs are processed using a roll-to-roll method,eliminating the need for adhesives.Due to the aligned tubes,VACNT filters demonstrate exceptional breathability and moisture ventilation compared to previously reported CNT and conventional filters.Hyperthermal tests of VACNT filters under sunlight confirm that up to 99.8%of the HCoV 229E virus denatures even in cold environments.The safety of using VACNTs is corroborated through histopathological evaluation and subcutaneous implantation tests,addressing concerns of respiratory and skin inflammation.VACNT masks efficiently transmit moisture and rapidly return to their initial dry state under sunlight maintaining their properties after 10000 bending cycles.In addition,the unique capability of VACNT filters to function as respiratory sensors,signaling dampness and facilitating reuse,is assessed,alongside their Joule heating effect.
基金from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(Grant Agreement No.101054940).
文摘For the first time,a printable,miniaturized,and gate-controlled electrochemical capacitor-diode(G-CAPode)is presented.The heart of the device consists of a recently developed asymmetric electrical double-layer capacitor system based on selective,sizedependent ion adsorption.Due to the introduction of a sieving carbon with ultramicroporous pores(d=0.69 nm)as one electrode material,an effective blocking of ions with sizes below the pore size of the carbon can be achieved,leading to a unidirectional charging comparable to a diode(CAPode).This“working capacitor”(W-Cap)was further expanded by introducing a third(“gate”)electrode enabling a control of the current and voltage output of the W-Cap depending on the applied gate bias between the gate electrode and counter electrode of the W-Cap resembling transistor features.By varying the gate bias voltage,the potentials and therefore the working window of theW-Cap electrodes are shifted to more positive or negative potentials,leading to an increase or decrease of the G-CAPode capacitance.The printed G-CAPode was tested as a switchable device analogous to an I-MOS varactor for the adjustable filtering ofACsignals in a high-pass filter and band-pass filter application.This investigation opens the possibility to couple capacitive(energy storage),diodic(current rectification),and transistor(voltage-controlled switching)characteristics in one device and also addresses its process integration via 3D printing.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.U23A20692).
文摘Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challenge.In this study,a tough,durable,recyclable,green,and multifunctional semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was developed and enhanced by lignin@polypyrrole core-shell nanoparticles(LP9).The semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was constructed using environmentally friendly poly(vinyl alcohol)and bio-based gelatin.The LP9 was synthesized via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on lignin nanoparticles,serving as rigid anchors to enhance the gel’s properties and eliminate heterogeneity through hydrogen bonding.With 5%of LP9,the organohydrogel(5LP9)demonstrated a tensile strength of 2.5MPa,elongation of 700%,conductivity of 432 mS/m,and a gauge factor of 1.7 with a good linearity,highlighting its excellent performance as an electronic conductive material.In addition,the organohydrogel exhibited remarkable environmental stability,antimicrobial properties,recyclability,and biocompatibility.When applied to human motion detection,voice recognition,and gesture recognition,the organohydrogel showcased excellent recognition ability,responsive functionality,and long-term monitoring stability.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing green and programmable wearable sensors for human-machine interaction,incorporating deep learning such as letter-writing recognition.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279164)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Projects of China(No.2022RC3050 and No.2017TP1001)the cooperation project from Guangdong DFP New Material Group Co.Ltd.
文摘Anode-free sodium batteries(AFSBs)have attracted increasing attention for their high energy density.However,they suffer from rapid capacity decline resulting from sodium dendrite growth at the sodium/host interface and irreversible side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface.Herein,a GaInSn-coated Cu foil(G-Cu),prepared by a simple brush coating method,was applied as the sodiophilic current collector to regulate sodium nucleation behavior.In addition,a nonexpendable functional electrolyte additive,hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDSO),was introduced,which could be absorbed on the sodium surface and serve as a protective layer against corrosion side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface.It is interesting to note that this additive barely participated in forming the solid electrolyte interphase.The synergetic effects of sodiophilic interface design and electrolyte regulation enable reversible sodium plating and stripping.Ultimately,the AFSB assembled using G-Cu and HMDSO electrolyte with a highly loaded Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) cathode(≈12.5 mg cm^(−2))delivers a discharge capacity of 84.5 mAh g^(−1) after 200 cycles with a high capacity retention of 87.6%,significantly extending its operation lifespan.
基金supported by the NCCR MARVEL,a National Centre of Competence in Research,funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation(grant number 51NF40-205602).
文摘Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have a promising perspective as oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their high surface areas and tunable structures.However,one of the main challenges for their further application is inferior stability during alkaline OER.Herein,operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy and operando x-ray diffraction of NiCo-MOF-74 materials unveil their electrochemical transformations differentiating between electrolyte-induced,beam-induced,and electrochemically induced changes of the electronic state and local structure around the transition metal centers in addition to their overall crystal structure.An inferior electrolyte-and beam stability of Co-MOF-74 is revealed in comparison to a more stable performance of Ni-MOF-74 and Ni0.25Co0.75-MOF-74.Based on the operando measurement results,good experimental practices for future MOF OER electrocatalyst studies are presented.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3802100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 52173228,52271190,and 524B2165)National Advanced Rare Metal Materials Technology Innovation Center Project(Program No.2024ZG-GCZX-01(1)-06).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing sustainable materials science,yet a comprehensive and timely evaluation of the rapidly evolving AI techniques applied across the entire materials lifecycle remains lacking.Thiswork reviews AI-driven advances in sustainable materials,specifically focusing on battery materials,thermal management materials,energy conversion materials,and catalysts.The key patterns,capabilities,and limitations of AI are identified across three interconnected phases:sustainable materials design(leveraging predictive and generative models for accelerated discovery),green processing(integrating adaptive synthesis optimization and autonomous experimentation),and extending to lifecycle management(encompassing real-time monitoring,predictive maintenance,and intelligent recycling).Then,the persistent challenges,including data sparsity,domainspecific knowledge integration,and limited model generalizability,are investigated,followed by an exploration of emerging solutions such as federated learning for privacy-preserving data sharing,physics-informed neural networks for knowledge integration,and multimodal AI for cross-modal knowledge transfer.Finally,the computational sustainability challenges of AI methods themselves are also discussed.This review highlights key bottlenecks impeding scalable adoption and discuss pathways for realizing the full potential of AI in sustainable materials development.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(project number CityU 11201522).
文摘MXenes,a family of emerging two-dimensional materials offer enriched surface chemistry,high electrical conductivities,large specific surface area,intrinsic physicochemical properties,and excellent mechanical stability.However,restacking of MXene sheets limit their electrochemical performance.To overcome this limitation,recent advancements have focused on developing MXene composites with metal phosphates/phosphides(MXene/MPs).This review discusses the applications of MXene/MPs composites in energy storage and conversion applications.The incorporation ofMPs intoMXenes not only addresses the restacking issue and aggregation problems,but also enhances the overall electrochemical performance of energy storage and conversion systems.The review concludes with a summary of the current research status and future prospects for MXene/MPs-based composites in energy applications.
