Hydrogels loaded with microRNA(miRNA)have shown promise in bone-defect repair.Here,we present the first report of miRNA-loaded hydrogels containing bioactivities to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral h...Hydrogels loaded with microRNA(miRNA)have shown promise in bone-defect repair.Here,we present the first report of miRNA-loaded hydrogels containing bioactivities to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SONFH),based on the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs.Transcriptome sequencing of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(HBMSCs)extracted from the proximal femoral bone marrow and subsequent functional assays revealed that the circSRPK1/miR-320a axis promotes HBMSCs osteogenic differentiation.By incorporating antagomir-320a(a miR-320a inhibitor)encapsulated in liposomes into injectable hyaluronic acid(HA)hydrogels,we constructed an injectable hydrogel,HA@antagomir-320a.This hydrogel demonstrated exceptional osteogenic properties,targeting multiple osteogenic pathways via CDH2 and Osterix and exhibited excellent in vitro biocompatibility.In vivo,it substantially enhanced bone formation in the osteonecrotic area of the femoral head.This injectable HA@antagomir-320a hydrogel,which exhibited exceptional biocompatibility and osteogenic properties in vivo and in vitro,offers a promising and minimally invasive solution for the treatment of SONFH.展开更多
Flexible thin-film scintillators based on organic semiconductors offer transformative potential for X-ray imaging, enablingconformity to nonplanar objects and compatibility with complex structural applications. Howeve...Flexible thin-film scintillators based on organic semiconductors offer transformative potential for X-ray imaging, enablingconformity to nonplanar objects and compatibility with complex structural applications. However, challenges in synergizinghigh solid-state luminescence, X-ray absorption, and efficient exciton utilization have become the bottleneck limiting theirapplication in high-resolution imaging. Herein, we make the breakthrough by using halogenated aggregate-induced delayedfluorescence luminogens for flexible thin-film scintillators, fulfilling key criteria such as high photoluminescence quantumyield, efficient exciton utilization, large Stokes shift, and rapid radiative decay kinetics. Our investigations demonstrate that theheavy atom effect and molecular aggregation enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and radiative transitions, leading tosuperior radioluminescence performance characterized by high light yield, low detection limits, and an unprecedented resolutionof 29.2 lp/mm, surpassing the capabilities of currently reported scintillators. This work underscores the transformativepotential of aggregate-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) molecules in achieving high-performance, easily prepared, andhigh-resolution X-ray scintillation and imaging technologies.展开更多
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, show exceptional potential for next-generation electronics. However, the poorstability of these materials, particularly under long-term operations and high temperature, im...Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, show exceptional potential for next-generation electronics. However, the poorstability of these materials, particularly under long-term operations and high temperature, impedes their practical applications.Here, we develop a terminal passivation interface decoupling (TPID) strategy to significantly improve the stability of MoS2, bymitigating the interaction between the substrate and the 2D material within the in-situ growth process. Specifically, the strongelectron-withdrawing terminal group hydroxyl, prevalent on the oxide substrate, is passivated by carbon groups. Due to this, thestructure of MoS2 materials remains stable during long-term storage, and its electronic devices, field-effect transistors (FETs),show remarkable operational and high-temperature (400°C) stability over 60 days, with much-improved performance. Forexample, mobility increases from 9.69 to 85 cm2/(V·s), the highest value for bottom-up transfer-free single crystal MoS2 FETs.This work provides a new avenue to solve reliability issues of 2D materials and devices, laying a foundation for their applicationsin the electronic industry.展开更多
Perovskite materials,with their outstanding optoelectronic properties,low cost,solution‐processability,and scalability,haveemerged as promising candidates in the field of sensors.Despite extensive exploration into th...Perovskite materials,with their outstanding optoelectronic properties,low cost,solution‐processability,and scalability,haveemerged as promising candidates in the field of sensors.Despite extensive exploration into the photoelectric properties andtraditional applications(e.g.,gas sensing)of perovskite sensors,there has been limited focus on the fabrication processes thatdominate their performance and emerging application directions.The flourishing development of perovskite sensors shouldcomprehend the challenges in fabrication processes(e.g.,stability,uniformity,and scale‐up production)of perovskite sensorsand further improve the sensing performance in conjunction with the working principles,extending their application fields.Herein,a comprehensive overview primarily focuses on the significant challenges faced by perovskite sensors in emergingapplication fields,including performance enhancement and process optimization.The key performance parameters andworking principles of perovskite sensor are analyzed first.Then we review the effective design strategies and solutions proposedin recent research,while providing insights into optimizing sensor design to enhance sensing performance for precise detection.Moreover,some emerging applications of perovskite sensors,such as smart biomedical diagnosis,wearable devices,andartificial intelligence,are explored.Current challenges and future trends are also addressed,emphasizing the growing potentialof perovskite sensors in advancing sensor technology innovation and interdisciplinary applications.展开更多
Materials capable of tunable optical absorption and fluorescence properties in response to multiple external stimuli,while providing a readable signal,have garnered significant scientific interest.Such materials hold ...Materials capable of tunable optical absorption and fluorescence properties in response to multiple external stimuli,while providing a readable signal,have garnered significant scientific interest.Such materials hold promise for applications in wearable electronics,anticounterfeiting technologies,self-powered light sources and displays,human-machine interfaces,and intelligent sensing systems.A highly effective approach to achieving multi-stimuli optical responsiveness is to integrate various functionalities into a single structure,such as reversible electrochemistry,ion and electronic charge transport,photoluminescence,and supramolecular organization(e.g.,mesomorphism).Here,we introduce a new class of thermotropic smectic ionic liquid crystals,composed of the bistriflimide salts ofπ-conjugated fluorenoviologen dications.The dications feature a central fluorene core functionalized in position 2,7 with two pyridine moieties,whose nitrogen atoms are alkylated with promesogenic alkyl chains of varying lengths.In their bulk liquid crystalline phases,these materials exhibit ON/OFF electrofluorochromism(under UV photoexcitation),with voltage-triggered fluorescence quenching and a shift from yellow to dark electrochromism.Additionally,they display thermofluorochromism,showing a striking fluorescence color change from green to blue on going from the crystalline solid phase at room temperature to the liquid crystalline phases at high temperatures.展开更多
MXenes,a unique class of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional chemical,mechanical,and electrical properties.While recent s...MXenes,a unique class of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional chemical,mechanical,and electrical properties.While recent studies predominantly focus on MXenes'applications in catalysis,energy storage and harvesting,photocatalysis,and lightweight materials,their potential in biomedicine is comparatively understated.This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of MXenes in biomedical applications,specifically highlighting advanced uses such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment,as well as their roles in biomedical imaging and as contrast agents for tumor visualization.We examine the synthesis and chemical modifications of MXenes,including functionalization,etching,and exfoliation techniques that enable tailored properties for biomedicine.This article highlights MXenes'advantages,including high surface area,tunable surface chemistry,and biocompatibility,while also addressing challenges and future research directions to unlock their full biomedical potential.This focused exploration of MXenes in cutting-edge biomedicine sets this review apart,highlighting its significance in advancing MXenes'role in modern biomedical research.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO reduction(COR)offers a promising alternative approach for synthesizing valuable chemicals,potentially at a lower carbon intensity as compared to conventional chemical production.Cu-based catalysts ...Electrocatalytic CO reduction(COR)offers a promising alternative approach for synthesizing valuable chemicals,potentially at a lower carbon intensity as compared to conventional chemical production.Cu-based catalysts have shown encouraging selectivity and activity toward multi-carbon(C^(2+))products,albeit typically in the form of a mixture.Steering COR selectivity toward specific types of C2+products,such as liquid products with high energy density,remains a challenge.In this study,we developed a Cu/Zn bimetallic catalyst composite and demonstrated enhanced selectivity toward liquid products as compared to reference CuO and Cu-based catalysts,approaching 60%at a high current density of 300 mA/cm^(2).Our investigation highlights that the introduction of Zn promoted the emergence of a Cu/Zn heterojunction interface during COR.Density functional theory simulations were used to rationalize the observed differences in selectivity,revealing that interface plays a crucial role in diminishing the oxygen adsorption at the Cu-sites and modifying the adsorption energy of COR reaction intermediates,consequently leading to enhanced selectivity toward liquid products.展开更多
Smart agriculture is an inevitable trend in the modernization of agriculture.Achieving efficient and precise monitoring of trace pesticides is an important research direction in smart agriculture,with significant impl...Smart agriculture is an inevitable trend in the modernization of agriculture.Achieving efficient and precise monitoring of trace pesticides is an important research direction in smart agriculture,with significant implications for a safe food supply chain.However,highly sensitive and high-throughput determination of pesticides still faces formidable challenges.Herein,we demonstrate a kind of sensitive and highly selective organophosphorus pesticide device based on organic field-effect transistors(OFETs).The unique signal amplification capability of OFETs and acetylcholinesterase modification on the active channel layer enables the achievement of accurate analysis of chlorpyrifos,parathion-methyl,and omethoate at the ppb level.Moreover,the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples is realized via the preparation of multichannel devices.Additionally,a portable monitoring applet is developed,enabling real-time assessment of the pesticide contamination status of samples based on the current response.This work provides a new avenue for constructing highly sensitive,real-time,high-flux intelligent agriculture sensing technology.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)MXene structure,versatile surface reactivity,flexibility,wearability,and outstanding thermal attributes make them highly suitable for numerous applications.This comprehensive review based on MXenes ...Two-dimensional(2D)MXene structure,versatile surface reactivity,flexibility,wearability,and outstanding thermal attributes make them highly suitable for numerous applications.This comprehensive review based on MXenes delves into the potential uses of fewer assessed applications,such as materials,solar thermal desalination,energy harvesting,electrochemical sensing,environmental remediation,and removal of heavy metal ions.Several industries associated with the summarized applications include hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems,energy storage,energy conversion,soft electronics,and other industries.Further,the review underscores the importance and future guidance of continued research in the MXene field to harness the potential benefits of not only summarized applications but also diverse applications.展开更多
Light-emitting transistors(LETs)as novel integrated optoelectronic devices demonstrate great potential applications in smart displays and visual intelligent perception.The construction of high-performance area-emissio...Light-emitting transistors(LETs)as novel integrated optoelectronic devices demonstrate great potential applications in smart displays and visual intelligent perception.The construction of high-performance area-emission LETs with low power consumption and good reliability is urgently needed for advancing their applications,however,this integration has not been realized within a single device.Herein,we demonstrate a kind of planar-driven hybrid LET(PDHLET)that makes use of the unique advantages of high mobility and stability of inorganic and organic semiconductors in the same device.By incorporating an indium-zinc-gallium-oxide(InZnGeO)conducting layer and organic emissive layer,a high-performance stable blue-emissive PDHLET is constructed,giving a high I_(on)/I_(off) ratio approaching 6.1×10^(8) and a low V_(on) of 5.5 V along with maximum brightness of 1264 cd/m^(2) as well as small VTH shift of 0.5 V after 1000 s positive stress bias.Finally,a systematic simulation,including charge concentration and Langevin recombination rate,is carried out on PDHLET for the first time,demonstrating good consistency with experimental results.This confirms the uniformity of high redistributed charge concentration in the InZnGeO conducting layer which thus enables good area emission.This study provides a new avenue for constructing high-performance stable LETs to advance various field applications.展开更多
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.Unfortunately,inflammation remains poorly controlled and prone to relapse,even after removing the initial plaque biofilm.The unique metabolic properties of mi...Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.Unfortunately,inflammation remains poorly controlled and prone to relapse,even after removing the initial plaque biofilm.The unique metabolic properties of mitochondria in the periodontal microenvironment provide a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies against periodontitis.Here,we integrate meta-bolomics and network biology to elucidate the potential role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/mitochondrial transcription factor(Nrf2/TFAM)in regulating mitochondrial metabolism in periodontitis.Based on this discovery,it is crucial to develop an innovative nanomedicine capable of effectively modulating the mitochondrial metabolism in periodontitis.Recently,itaconate(ITA),a key metabolite linking mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation,has emerged as a powerhouse in regulating immunity through Nrf2;however,its limited permeability hinders its application in biological systems.Therefore,we synthesize ITA-based nano cocktail(INC)with cell permeability and improved biological functions.At the cellular level,INC activates Nrf2/TFAM to remodel mitochondrial metabolism and regulate macrophage immune homeostasis.In mouse models of peri-odontitis,INC successfully reprograms mitochondrial metabolism within the gingiva,leading to an improved inflammatory microenvironment.Our study elucidates the role of INC in modulating mitochondrial metabolism,thereby offering an inno-vative therapeutic strategy for the management of periodontitis and other clinical conditions resulting from mitochondrial abnormalities.展开更多
Electrocatalysis plays a central role in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems,providing a number of sustainable processes for future technologies.As a green,renewable,and abundant natural polymer mate...Electrocatalysis plays a central role in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems,providing a number of sustainable processes for future technologies.As a green,renewable,and abundant natural polymer material,the unique structure and physicochemical properties of wood and its derivatives provide a unique application advantage in the field of electrocatalysis,which has aroused intense attention from researchers.At present,researchers have developed many wood-based catalytic electrodes by taking advantage of the anisotropic hierarchical porous structure of wood and abundant active functional groups on the cell wall surface of wood.Here,a comprehensive review of recent progress in the design and synthesis of woodinspired electrodes for electrocatalytic reactions is summarized.Starting from the role and importance of the electrocatalytic process in the whole energy conversion system,this review highlights the composition and structure of wood,analyzes the mechanisms of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),urea oxidation reaction(UOR),and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and discusses the structure-activity relationship between the structural properties and electrochemical activity of wood-inspired electrodes.Finally,the opportunities,challenges,and future directions in the application of wood and its derivatives in the field of electrocatalysis are prospected.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global cause of mortality,underscoring the urgent need for intelligent diagnostic tools to enhance early detection,prediction,diagnosis,prevention,treatment,and recovery.This d...Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global cause of mortality,underscoring the urgent need for intelligent diagnostic tools to enhance early detection,prediction,diagnosis,prevention,treatment,and recovery.This demand has spurred the advancement of wearable and flexible technologies,revolutionizing continuous,noninvasive,and remote heart sound(HS)monitoring—a vital avenue for assessing heart activity.The conventional stethoscope,used to listen to HSs,has limitations in terms of its physical structure,as it is inflexible and bulky,which restricts its prospective applications.Recently,mechanoacoustic sensors have made remarkable advancements,evolving from primitive forms to soft,flexible,and wearable designs.This article provides an in-depth review of the latest scientific and technological advancements by addressing various topics,including different types of sensors,sensing materials,design principles,denoising techniques,and clinical applications of flexible and wearable HS sensors.This transformative potential lies in the capacity for ongoing,remote,and personalized monitoring,promising enhanced patient outcomes,amplified remote monitoring capabilities,and timely diagnoses.Last,the article highlights current challenges and prospects for the future,suggesting techniques to advance HS sensing technologies for exciting real‐time applications.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have garnered significant attention as artificial synapses due to their ability to emulate synaptic functionalities.While previous research has predominantly focused on modula...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have garnered significant attention as artificial synapses due to their ability to emulate synaptic functionalities.While previous research has predominantly focused on modulating the physical properties of the channel materials to enhance synaptic performance,the role of ion dynamics in influencing device characteristics remains underexplored.Effective regulation of ion dynamics is crucial for improving state retention and achieving long-term plasticity(LTP)in these devices.In this study,we propose a strategy to modulate the interactions between polymer semiconductors and ions in solid-electrolyte-based artificial synapses.Our findings indicate that the interplay between semiconductors and doping counterions significantly influences ion transport dynamics,thereby affecting the electrochemical doping and dedoping pro-cesses in OECTs.Notably,by suppressing the dedoping process,we achieved enhanced synaptic performances,with devices retaining 64%of the peak current after a retention time of 1000 s.Through the judicious selection of anions and optimization of their interactions with polymer semiconductors,we effectively controlled the dedoping process in OECTs,leading to improved state retention.These insights provide a novel perspective on tuning ion-polymer semiconductor interactions for the development of high-performance synaptic devices,advancing neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
With the demand for sustainable preparation of nanocellulose,the extraction of holocellulose nanofibers with surface-coated hemicellulose from various biomass is drawing more and more attention.However,detailed prepar...With the demand for sustainable preparation of nanocellulose,the extraction of holocellulose nanofibers with surface-coated hemicellulose from various biomass is drawing more and more attention.However,detailed preparation processes and some fundamental properties of holocellulose nanofibers,such as rheological behavior and redispersibility,still need systematic investigation.An in-depth understanding of these processes and properties plays a crucial role in guiding the preparation and subsequent material design of holocellulose nanofibers.Herein,a concise method is reported to prepare bamboo-derived holocellulose nanofibers(BHCNFs)from bamboo residue and has been characterized in detail.To facilitate subsequent application,comprehensive exploration and understanding of the rheological behavior of BHCNF were conducted,along with an investigation into the redispersibility after freeze-drying.The presence of hemicellulose significantly affects the rheological behavior and gives BHCNF a certain redispersibility.To achieve better redispersibility,aerogel powder was prepared via spray freeze-drying,offering new insights into the drying and practical application of BHCNF.展开更多
For aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),Zn dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)usually result in the severe degradation of bare Zn anodes.Although the alloy-modified anodes can improve the reversibility...For aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),Zn dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)usually result in the severe degradation of bare Zn anodes.Although the alloy-modified anodes can improve the reversibility of the Zn plating/stripping process,the regulation of alloy components is too complex to meet the requirements for large-scale fabrication.Herein,a Ni-Ag bimetallic coating on Zn foils(Ni-Ag@Zn)is prepared by magnetron co-sputtering.Owing to this bimetallic coating with the ultrathin thickness of 200 nm,the cycling life of Ni-Ag@Zn-based symmetric cells attains more than 5000 h at current density of 1 mA/cm^(2) and areal capacity of 1mA h/cm^(2),exceeding most of the reported binary/ternary-alloy-based symmetric cells.To the suppression of dendrite growth and HER,the regulation mechanism of the bimetallic coating on Zn deposition is assigned to the synergistic effect,the suppressed HER by the strong adsorption of Ag with H ions and the flatted Zn deposition via the strong adsorption of Ni/Ag with Zn ions.To our knowledge,both the bimetallic and ultrathin features have not been reported to optimize the anodes for AZIBs.The present bimetallic coating strategy renders the diversification of anode modification for the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)technology plays a pivotal role in energy transformation processes,especially for sustainable energy systems.However,the conversion efficiency of the PV cells is adversely affected by increasing temper...Photovoltaic(PV)technology plays a pivotal role in energy transformation processes,especially for sustainable energy systems.However,the conversion efficiency of the PV cells is adversely affected by increasing temperature,leading to a reduction in their overall performance.In this study,a self-hygroscopic polyvinyl alcohol/graphene(SPG)cooling film,comprising a graphene layer and a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel layer with lithium bromide(LiBr),is introduced to passively reduce the working temperature of the PV cells.The graphene layer,as a heat-conducting layer,can efficiently conduct heat from the heat source to the self-hygroscopic PVA hydrogel layer used as an evaporation cooling layer.In addition,the introduction of LiBr endows the PVA hydrogel with an excellent self-hygroscopic property.The SPG cooling film demonstrates an outstanding cooling performance under the synergistic effect of the graphene film and the self-hygroscopic PVA hydrogel.In the outdoor experiments,the SPG cooling film can reduce the temperature of the PV cells by 20.6℃and increase its average output power from 74 to 93 W/m^(2),about a 25.7%increase.This cooling film demonstrates significant potential for enhancing cooling performance in electronic devices and could be widely used in the thermal management of PV cells.展开更多
The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is brittle.PLA-based composites reinforced by indium selenide(InSe)particles or flakes are prepared;each is found to have outstanding plasticity.InSe nanosheets are prep...The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is brittle.PLA-based composites reinforced by indium selenide(InSe)particles or flakes are prepared;each is found to have outstanding plasticity.InSe nanosheets are prepared by sonication of solid InSe in N-methyl pyrrolidone,followed by washing/dispersion in ethanol,and subsequent drying.These InSe nanosheets,or in separate studies InSe particles,are mixed with PLA to make composite materials.The PLA composite materials are 3D-printed into“dogbone”samples that are tensile-loaded.The optimum dogbone specimen is 1.5 times stronger and 5.5 times tougher than neat PLA specimens prepared in the same way.To the best of our knowledge,this concurrent improvement in tensile strength and toughness has not been achieved before in PLA with any filler type.Finite element analysis,together with experimental analysis of(i)fracture surfaces,(ii)the PLA crystal structure,and(iii)the internal structure by micro-CT scanning,suggests that the exceptional mechanical performance is due to the intrinsic properties of InSe and,particularly,the emergence of crack shielding and crack deflection at the interfaces of PLA and InSe flakes.These findings indicate that PLA-InSe composites may offer opportunities to broaden the applications of PLA composites,including as load-bearing materials.展开更多
In human interactions,social touch communication is widely used to convey emotions,emphasizing its critical role in advancing human–robot interactions by enabling robots to understand and respond to human emotions,th...In human interactions,social touch communication is widely used to convey emotions,emphasizing its critical role in advancing human–robot interactions by enabling robots to understand and respond to human emotions,thereby significantly enhancing their service capabilities.However,the challenge is to dynamically capture social touch with sufficient spatiotemporal and mechanical resolution for deep haptic data analysis.This study presents a robotic system with flexible electronic skin and a high-frequency signal circuit,utilizing deep neural networks to recognize social touch emotions.The electronic skin,made from double cross-linked ionogels and microstructured arrays,has a low force detection threshold(8 Pa)and a wide perception range(0-150 kPa),enhancing the mechanical resolution of touch signals.By incorporating a high-speed readout circuit capable of capturing spatiotemporal features of social touch gesture information at 30 Hz,the system facilitates precise analysis of touch interactions.A 3D convolutional neural network with a Squeeze-and-Excitation Attention module achieves 87.12% accuracy in recognizing social touch gestures,improving the understanding of emotions conveyed through touch.The effectiveness of the system is validated through interactive demonstrations with robotic dogs and humanoid robots,demonstrating its potential to enhance the emotional intelligence of robots.展开更多
Integrating extrusion-based fused deposition modeling(FDM)with advancements in conductive thermoplastic materials is fostering innovation in the fabrication of sensors,electrodes,and printable electronics.This review ...Integrating extrusion-based fused deposition modeling(FDM)with advancements in conductive thermoplastic materials is fostering innovation in the fabrication of sensors,electrodes,and printable electronics.This review presents an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of FDM compared to other additive manufacturing(AM)techniques,focusing on its unique capacity to create functional components.Various materials,including host materials and conductive filaments,both commercial and custom-made,are examined for their suitability in conductive component fabrication.The impact of key process parameters,such as pre-printing settings,printing parameters(e.g.,layer thickness,infill density and pattern,print speed,extrusion width,raster angle and orientation,and bed temperature),and post-printing settings on the performance of conductive filaments is also discussed.The review highlights the working principles and applications of different types of sensors printed using FDM,including strain,pressure,temperature,and acceleration sensors,the fabrication of electrodes for physiological and electrochemical monitoring,showcasing the potential of FDM to integrate multifunctional sensing capabil-ities in a single build.Finally,the review explores the future prospects of FDM in sensor and electrode manufacturing,identifying key challenges that need to be overcome to further enhance the technology's potential in advanced applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L232006,J230001)National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-036)+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022-I2M-C&T-B-031)Tsinghua University-Peking Union Medical College Hospital Initiative Scientific Research Program(2019ZLH206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871740,81871786,81630064,82302708,52335004,and 52275199).
文摘Hydrogels loaded with microRNA(miRNA)have shown promise in bone-defect repair.Here,we present the first report of miRNA-loaded hydrogels containing bioactivities to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SONFH),based on the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs.Transcriptome sequencing of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(HBMSCs)extracted from the proximal femoral bone marrow and subsequent functional assays revealed that the circSRPK1/miR-320a axis promotes HBMSCs osteogenic differentiation.By incorporating antagomir-320a(a miR-320a inhibitor)encapsulated in liposomes into injectable hyaluronic acid(HA)hydrogels,we constructed an injectable hydrogel,HA@antagomir-320a.This hydrogel demonstrated exceptional osteogenic properties,targeting multiple osteogenic pathways via CDH2 and Osterix and exhibited excellent in vitro biocompatibility.In vivo,it substantially enhanced bone formation in the osteonecrotic area of the femoral head.This injectable HA@antagomir-320a hydrogel,which exhibited exceptional biocompatibility and osteogenic properties in vivo and in vitro,offers a promising and minimally invasive solution for the treatment of SONFH.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703200,2022YFB3607500)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality(20JCJQJC00300)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875158,52121002,52373194,U21A6002,52403301)the Open Research Fund from State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(2023-skllmd-02).
文摘Flexible thin-film scintillators based on organic semiconductors offer transformative potential for X-ray imaging, enablingconformity to nonplanar objects and compatibility with complex structural applications. However, challenges in synergizinghigh solid-state luminescence, X-ray absorption, and efficient exciton utilization have become the bottleneck limiting theirapplication in high-resolution imaging. Herein, we make the breakthrough by using halogenated aggregate-induced delayedfluorescence luminogens for flexible thin-film scintillators, fulfilling key criteria such as high photoluminescence quantumyield, efficient exciton utilization, large Stokes shift, and rapid radiative decay kinetics. Our investigations demonstrate that theheavy atom effect and molecular aggregation enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and radiative transitions, leading tosuperior radioluminescence performance characterized by high light yield, low detection limits, and an unprecedented resolutionof 29.2 lp/mm, surpassing the capabilities of currently reported scintillators. This work underscores the transformativepotential of aggregate-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) molecules in achieving high-performance, easily prepared, andhigh-resolution X-ray scintillation and imaging technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52403243,52225304,52073210,52121002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170646,2023M742591)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, show exceptional potential for next-generation electronics. However, the poorstability of these materials, particularly under long-term operations and high temperature, impedes their practical applications.Here, we develop a terminal passivation interface decoupling (TPID) strategy to significantly improve the stability of MoS2, bymitigating the interaction between the substrate and the 2D material within the in-situ growth process. Specifically, the strongelectron-withdrawing terminal group hydroxyl, prevalent on the oxide substrate, is passivated by carbon groups. Due to this, thestructure of MoS2 materials remains stable during long-term storage, and its electronic devices, field-effect transistors (FETs),show remarkable operational and high-temperature (400°C) stability over 60 days, with much-improved performance. Forexample, mobility increases from 9.69 to 85 cm2/(V·s), the highest value for bottom-up transfer-free single crystal MoS2 FETs.This work provides a new avenue to solve reliability issues of 2D materials and devices, laying a foundation for their applicationsin the electronic industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715600,2021YFA0717700)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(22308268,22478318,62274127,62374128).
文摘Perovskite materials,with their outstanding optoelectronic properties,low cost,solution‐processability,and scalability,haveemerged as promising candidates in the field of sensors.Despite extensive exploration into the photoelectric properties andtraditional applications(e.g.,gas sensing)of perovskite sensors,there has been limited focus on the fabrication processes thatdominate their performance and emerging application directions.The flourishing development of perovskite sensors shouldcomprehend the challenges in fabrication processes(e.g.,stability,uniformity,and scale‐up production)of perovskite sensorsand further improve the sensing performance in conjunction with the working principles,extending their application fields.Herein,a comprehensive overview primarily focuses on the significant challenges faced by perovskite sensors in emergingapplication fields,including performance enhancement and process optimization.The key performance parameters andworking principles of perovskite sensor are analyzed first.Then we review the effective design strategies and solutions proposedin recent research,while providing insights into optimizing sensor design to enhance sensing performance for precise detection.Moreover,some emerging applications of perovskite sensors,such as smart biomedical diagnosis,wearable devices,andartificial intelligence,are explored.Current challenges and future trends are also addressed,emphasizing the growing potentialof perovskite sensors in advancing sensor technology innovation and interdisciplinary applications.
基金the Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Italiano(MUR)and the University of Calabria for supporting this project in the framework of the ex 60%budget grant.G.A.C.and A.B.acknowledge the financial support from MUR postdoctoral fellowship DM 737/2021-Grant b.(CUP H25F21001420001).
文摘Materials capable of tunable optical absorption and fluorescence properties in response to multiple external stimuli,while providing a readable signal,have garnered significant scientific interest.Such materials hold promise for applications in wearable electronics,anticounterfeiting technologies,self-powered light sources and displays,human-machine interfaces,and intelligent sensing systems.A highly effective approach to achieving multi-stimuli optical responsiveness is to integrate various functionalities into a single structure,such as reversible electrochemistry,ion and electronic charge transport,photoluminescence,and supramolecular organization(e.g.,mesomorphism).Here,we introduce a new class of thermotropic smectic ionic liquid crystals,composed of the bistriflimide salts ofπ-conjugated fluorenoviologen dications.The dications feature a central fluorene core functionalized in position 2,7 with two pyridine moieties,whose nitrogen atoms are alkylated with promesogenic alkyl chains of varying lengths.In their bulk liquid crystalline phases,these materials exhibit ON/OFF electrofluorochromism(under UV photoexcitation),with voltage-triggered fluorescence quenching and a shift from yellow to dark electrochromism.Additionally,they display thermofluorochromism,showing a striking fluorescence color change from green to blue on going from the crystalline solid phase at room temperature to the liquid crystalline phases at high temperatures.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT:2022R1A5A8023404)the 2024 Global Joint Research Program,funded by the Pukyong National University(202412210001)U.P.acknowledges VIEP,BUAP,for financial help extended through Grant(00262).
文摘MXenes,a unique class of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional chemical,mechanical,and electrical properties.While recent studies predominantly focus on MXenes'applications in catalysis,energy storage and harvesting,photocatalysis,and lightweight materials,their potential in biomedicine is comparatively understated.This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of MXenes in biomedical applications,specifically highlighting advanced uses such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment,as well as their roles in biomedical imaging and as contrast agents for tumor visualization.We examine the synthesis and chemical modifications of MXenes,including functionalization,etching,and exfoliation techniques that enable tailored properties for biomedicine.This article highlights MXenes'advantages,including high surface area,tunable surface chemistry,and biocompatibility,while also addressing challenges and future research directions to unlock their full biomedical potential.This focused exploration of MXenes in cutting-edge biomedicine sets this review apart,highlighting its significance in advancing MXenes'role in modern biomedical research.
基金supported by ExxonMobil through the Singapore Energy Centerthe National University of Singapore and Ministry of Education(A-0009176-02-00 and A-0009176-03-00)+1 种基金A*STAR(Agency for Science,Technology and Research)under its LCERFI program(U2102d2002)the National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore under the NRF Fellowship(NRF-NRFF13-2021-0007).
文摘Electrocatalytic CO reduction(COR)offers a promising alternative approach for synthesizing valuable chemicals,potentially at a lower carbon intensity as compared to conventional chemical production.Cu-based catalysts have shown encouraging selectivity and activity toward multi-carbon(C^(2+))products,albeit typically in the form of a mixture.Steering COR selectivity toward specific types of C2+products,such as liquid products with high energy density,remains a challenge.In this study,we developed a Cu/Zn bimetallic catalyst composite and demonstrated enhanced selectivity toward liquid products as compared to reference CuO and Cu-based catalysts,approaching 60%at a high current density of 300 mA/cm^(2).Our investigation highlights that the introduction of Zn promoted the emergence of a Cu/Zn heterojunction interface during COR.Density functional theory simulations were used to rationalize the observed differences in selectivity,revealing that interface plays a crucial role in diminishing the oxygen adsorption at the Cu-sites and modifying the adsorption energy of COR reaction intermediates,consequently leading to enhanced selectivity toward liquid products.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301500)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32172325 and 22305252)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M743552 and 2023M733555)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230372)and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230771).
文摘Smart agriculture is an inevitable trend in the modernization of agriculture.Achieving efficient and precise monitoring of trace pesticides is an important research direction in smart agriculture,with significant implications for a safe food supply chain.However,highly sensitive and high-throughput determination of pesticides still faces formidable challenges.Herein,we demonstrate a kind of sensitive and highly selective organophosphorus pesticide device based on organic field-effect transistors(OFETs).The unique signal amplification capability of OFETs and acetylcholinesterase modification on the active channel layer enables the achievement of accurate analysis of chlorpyrifos,parathion-methyl,and omethoate at the ppb level.Moreover,the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples is realized via the preparation of multichannel devices.Additionally,a portable monitoring applet is developed,enabling real-time assessment of the pesticide contamination status of samples based on the current response.This work provides a new avenue for constructing highly sensitive,real-time,high-flux intelligent agriculture sensing technology.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(GHP/247/22GD).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)MXene structure,versatile surface reactivity,flexibility,wearability,and outstanding thermal attributes make them highly suitable for numerous applications.This comprehensive review based on MXenes delves into the potential uses of fewer assessed applications,such as materials,solar thermal desalination,energy harvesting,electrochemical sensing,environmental remediation,and removal of heavy metal ions.Several industries associated with the summarized applications include hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems,energy storage,energy conversion,soft electronics,and other industries.Further,the review underscores the importance and future guidance of continued research in the MXene field to harness the potential benefits of not only summarized applications but also diverse applications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFB3609000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A6002,and 62174105).
文摘Light-emitting transistors(LETs)as novel integrated optoelectronic devices demonstrate great potential applications in smart displays and visual intelligent perception.The construction of high-performance area-emission LETs with low power consumption and good reliability is urgently needed for advancing their applications,however,this integration has not been realized within a single device.Herein,we demonstrate a kind of planar-driven hybrid LET(PDHLET)that makes use of the unique advantages of high mobility and stability of inorganic and organic semiconductors in the same device.By incorporating an indium-zinc-gallium-oxide(InZnGeO)conducting layer and organic emissive layer,a high-performance stable blue-emissive PDHLET is constructed,giving a high I_(on)/I_(off) ratio approaching 6.1×10^(8) and a low V_(on) of 5.5 V along with maximum brightness of 1264 cd/m^(2) as well as small VTH shift of 0.5 V after 1000 s positive stress bias.Finally,a systematic simulation,including charge concentration and Langevin recombination rate,is carried out on PDHLET for the first time,demonstrating good consistency with experimental results.This confirms the uniformity of high redistributed charge concentration in the InZnGeO conducting layer which thus enables good area emission.This study provides a new avenue for constructing high-performance stable LETs to advance various field applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301131)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission(2023C041-3)+1 种基金the Science,Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Finance(JCSZ2023481-14)the Bethune Project of Jilin University(2023B27).
文摘Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.Unfortunately,inflammation remains poorly controlled and prone to relapse,even after removing the initial plaque biofilm.The unique metabolic properties of mitochondria in the periodontal microenvironment provide a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies against periodontitis.Here,we integrate meta-bolomics and network biology to elucidate the potential role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/mitochondrial transcription factor(Nrf2/TFAM)in regulating mitochondrial metabolism in periodontitis.Based on this discovery,it is crucial to develop an innovative nanomedicine capable of effectively modulating the mitochondrial metabolism in periodontitis.Recently,itaconate(ITA),a key metabolite linking mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation,has emerged as a powerhouse in regulating immunity through Nrf2;however,its limited permeability hinders its application in biological systems.Therefore,we synthesize ITA-based nano cocktail(INC)with cell permeability and improved biological functions.At the cellular level,INC activates Nrf2/TFAM to remodel mitochondrial metabolism and regulate macrophage immune homeostasis.In mouse models of peri-odontitis,INC successfully reprograms mitochondrial metabolism within the gingiva,leading to an improved inflammatory microenvironment.Our study elucidates the role of INC in modulating mitochondrial metabolism,thereby offering an inno-vative therapeutic strategy for the management of periodontitis and other clinical conditions resulting from mitochondrial abnormalities.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2201403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371508,32401265)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang A&F University(2019FR009)the Science Research and Technology Development Plan of Nanning(20231033).
文摘Electrocatalysis plays a central role in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems,providing a number of sustainable processes for future technologies.As a green,renewable,and abundant natural polymer material,the unique structure and physicochemical properties of wood and its derivatives provide a unique application advantage in the field of electrocatalysis,which has aroused intense attention from researchers.At present,researchers have developed many wood-based catalytic electrodes by taking advantage of the anisotropic hierarchical porous structure of wood and abundant active functional groups on the cell wall surface of wood.Here,a comprehensive review of recent progress in the design and synthesis of woodinspired electrodes for electrocatalytic reactions is summarized.Starting from the role and importance of the electrocatalytic process in the whole energy conversion system,this review highlights the composition and structure of wood,analyzes the mechanisms of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),urea oxidation reaction(UOR),and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and discusses the structure-activity relationship between the structural properties and electrochemical activity of wood-inspired electrodes.Finally,the opportunities,challenges,and future directions in the application of wood and its derivatives in the field of electrocatalysis are prospected.
基金supported by the City University of Hong Kong and funded by the Research Grants Council(RGC)partly supported by the InnoHK Project on Project 1.2-Novel Drug Delivery Systems to Achieve Precision Medicine for Acute CVD Patients(a closed-loop CVD control system)at the Hong Kong Center for Cerebrocardiovascular Health Engineering(COCHE).City University of Hong Kong(9610430,7006082,9678292,7020073,9609332,9609333),funded by the Research Grants Council(RGC)+2 种基金Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)(9667220)-Research Talent Hub(RTH)1-5University Grant Committee(UGC)Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global cause of mortality,underscoring the urgent need for intelligent diagnostic tools to enhance early detection,prediction,diagnosis,prevention,treatment,and recovery.This demand has spurred the advancement of wearable and flexible technologies,revolutionizing continuous,noninvasive,and remote heart sound(HS)monitoring—a vital avenue for assessing heart activity.The conventional stethoscope,used to listen to HSs,has limitations in terms of its physical structure,as it is inflexible and bulky,which restricts its prospective applications.Recently,mechanoacoustic sensors have made remarkable advancements,evolving from primitive forms to soft,flexible,and wearable designs.This article provides an in-depth review of the latest scientific and technological advancements by addressing various topics,including different types of sensors,sensing materials,design principles,denoising techniques,and clinical applications of flexible and wearable HS sensors.This transformative potential lies in the capacity for ongoing,remote,and personalized monitoring,promising enhanced patient outcomes,amplified remote monitoring capabilities,and timely diagnoses.Last,the article highlights current challenges and prospects for the future,suggesting techniques to advance HS sensing technologies for exciting real‐time applications.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ40547 and 2024JJ5031)the University of Defense Technology Research Project(ZK22-15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871060 and 51201022).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have garnered significant attention as artificial synapses due to their ability to emulate synaptic functionalities.While previous research has predominantly focused on modulating the physical properties of the channel materials to enhance synaptic performance,the role of ion dynamics in influencing device characteristics remains underexplored.Effective regulation of ion dynamics is crucial for improving state retention and achieving long-term plasticity(LTP)in these devices.In this study,we propose a strategy to modulate the interactions between polymer semiconductors and ions in solid-electrolyte-based artificial synapses.Our findings indicate that the interplay between semiconductors and doping counterions significantly influences ion transport dynamics,thereby affecting the electrochemical doping and dedoping pro-cesses in OECTs.Notably,by suppressing the dedoping process,we achieved enhanced synaptic performances,with devices retaining 64%of the peak current after a retention time of 1000 s.Through the judicious selection of anions and optimization of their interactions with polymer semiconductors,we effectively controlled the dedoping process in OECTs,leading to improved state retention.These insights provide a novel perspective on tuning ion-polymer semiconductor interactions for the development of high-performance synaptic devices,advancing neuromorphic computing applications.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450402)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715700)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22293044,22105194,and 92163130)the Major Basic Research Project of Anhui Province(2023z04020009)the New Cornerstone Investigator Program.
文摘With the demand for sustainable preparation of nanocellulose,the extraction of holocellulose nanofibers with surface-coated hemicellulose from various biomass is drawing more and more attention.However,detailed preparation processes and some fundamental properties of holocellulose nanofibers,such as rheological behavior and redispersibility,still need systematic investigation.An in-depth understanding of these processes and properties plays a crucial role in guiding the preparation and subsequent material design of holocellulose nanofibers.Herein,a concise method is reported to prepare bamboo-derived holocellulose nanofibers(BHCNFs)from bamboo residue and has been characterized in detail.To facilitate subsequent application,comprehensive exploration and understanding of the rheological behavior of BHCNF were conducted,along with an investigation into the redispersibility after freeze-drying.The presence of hemicellulose significantly affects the rheological behavior and gives BHCNF a certain redispersibility.To achieve better redispersibility,aerogel powder was prepared via spray freeze-drying,offering new insights into the drying and practical application of BHCNF.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0978)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807405)+1 种基金Startup Foundation of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Zongkai Yan and Panfeng Zhao)the Project of Pangang Group Company Limited.
文摘For aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),Zn dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)usually result in the severe degradation of bare Zn anodes.Although the alloy-modified anodes can improve the reversibility of the Zn plating/stripping process,the regulation of alloy components is too complex to meet the requirements for large-scale fabrication.Herein,a Ni-Ag bimetallic coating on Zn foils(Ni-Ag@Zn)is prepared by magnetron co-sputtering.Owing to this bimetallic coating with the ultrathin thickness of 200 nm,the cycling life of Ni-Ag@Zn-based symmetric cells attains more than 5000 h at current density of 1 mA/cm^(2) and areal capacity of 1mA h/cm^(2),exceeding most of the reported binary/ternary-alloy-based symmetric cells.To the suppression of dendrite growth and HER,the regulation mechanism of the bimetallic coating on Zn deposition is assigned to the synergistic effect,the suppressed HER by the strong adsorption of Ag with H ions and the flatted Zn deposition via the strong adsorption of Ni/Ag with Zn ions.To our knowledge,both the bimetallic and ultrathin features have not been reported to optimize the anodes for AZIBs.The present bimetallic coating strategy renders the diversification of anode modification for the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023009)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(2022NSCQ-MSX2366)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education,Southeast Universitysupported by Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)technology plays a pivotal role in energy transformation processes,especially for sustainable energy systems.However,the conversion efficiency of the PV cells is adversely affected by increasing temperature,leading to a reduction in their overall performance.In this study,a self-hygroscopic polyvinyl alcohol/graphene(SPG)cooling film,comprising a graphene layer and a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel layer with lithium bromide(LiBr),is introduced to passively reduce the working temperature of the PV cells.The graphene layer,as a heat-conducting layer,can efficiently conduct heat from the heat source to the self-hygroscopic PVA hydrogel layer used as an evaporation cooling layer.In addition,the introduction of LiBr endows the PVA hydrogel with an excellent self-hygroscopic property.The SPG cooling film demonstrates an outstanding cooling performance under the synergistic effect of the graphene film and the self-hygroscopic PVA hydrogel.In the outdoor experiments,the SPG cooling film can reduce the temperature of the PV cells by 20.6℃and increase its average output power from 74 to 93 W/m^(2),about a 25.7%increase.This cooling film demonstrates significant potential for enhancing cooling performance in electronic devices and could be widely used in the thermal management of PV cells.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1202802)the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R019-D1+3 种基金R.S.R.)the Natural Science Foundation of China(12102098)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2020M680479,2021M690801)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.
文摘The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is brittle.PLA-based composites reinforced by indium selenide(InSe)particles or flakes are prepared;each is found to have outstanding plasticity.InSe nanosheets are prepared by sonication of solid InSe in N-methyl pyrrolidone,followed by washing/dispersion in ethanol,and subsequent drying.These InSe nanosheets,or in separate studies InSe particles,are mixed with PLA to make composite materials.The PLA composite materials are 3D-printed into“dogbone”samples that are tensile-loaded.The optimum dogbone specimen is 1.5 times stronger and 5.5 times tougher than neat PLA specimens prepared in the same way.To the best of our knowledge,this concurrent improvement in tensile strength and toughness has not been achieved before in PLA with any filler type.Finite element analysis,together with experimental analysis of(i)fracture surfaces,(ii)the PLA crystal structure,and(iii)the internal structure by micro-CT scanning,suggests that the exceptional mechanical performance is due to the intrinsic properties of InSe and,particularly,the emergence of crack shielding and crack deflection at the interfaces of PLA and InSe flakes.These findings indicate that PLA-InSe composites may offer opportunities to broaden the applications of PLA composites,including as load-bearing materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1401103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61825403,61921005,and 82370520).
文摘In human interactions,social touch communication is widely used to convey emotions,emphasizing its critical role in advancing human–robot interactions by enabling robots to understand and respond to human emotions,thereby significantly enhancing their service capabilities.However,the challenge is to dynamically capture social touch with sufficient spatiotemporal and mechanical resolution for deep haptic data analysis.This study presents a robotic system with flexible electronic skin and a high-frequency signal circuit,utilizing deep neural networks to recognize social touch emotions.The electronic skin,made from double cross-linked ionogels and microstructured arrays,has a low force detection threshold(8 Pa)and a wide perception range(0-150 kPa),enhancing the mechanical resolution of touch signals.By incorporating a high-speed readout circuit capable of capturing spatiotemporal features of social touch gesture information at 30 Hz,the system facilitates precise analysis of touch interactions.A 3D convolutional neural network with a Squeeze-and-Excitation Attention module achieves 87.12% accuracy in recognizing social touch gestures,improving the understanding of emotions conveyed through touch.The effectiveness of the system is validated through interactive demonstrations with robotic dogs and humanoid robots,demonstrating its potential to enhance the emotional intelligence of robots.
基金Financial support was provided by the European Union-Next Generation EU-NRRP M4.C2-Investment 1.5 Establishing and Strengthening of Innovation Ecosystems for Sustainability(Rome Technopole)under Project ECS00000024.
文摘Integrating extrusion-based fused deposition modeling(FDM)with advancements in conductive thermoplastic materials is fostering innovation in the fabrication of sensors,electrodes,and printable electronics.This review presents an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of FDM compared to other additive manufacturing(AM)techniques,focusing on its unique capacity to create functional components.Various materials,including host materials and conductive filaments,both commercial and custom-made,are examined for their suitability in conductive component fabrication.The impact of key process parameters,such as pre-printing settings,printing parameters(e.g.,layer thickness,infill density and pattern,print speed,extrusion width,raster angle and orientation,and bed temperature),and post-printing settings on the performance of conductive filaments is also discussed.The review highlights the working principles and applications of different types of sensors printed using FDM,including strain,pressure,temperature,and acceleration sensors,the fabrication of electrodes for physiological and electrochemical monitoring,showcasing the potential of FDM to integrate multifunctional sensing capabil-ities in a single build.Finally,the review explores the future prospects of FDM in sensor and electrode manufacturing,identifying key challenges that need to be overcome to further enhance the technology's potential in advanced applications.
