Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique,this study identified lower brain network efficiency in children with anxiety and/or depression compared to healthy controls,with caregivers'evaluation of mood...Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique,this study identified lower brain network efficiency in children with anxiety and/or depression compared to healthy controls,with caregivers'evaluation of mood correlating with brain network efficiency.展开更多
The cognitive preparation of an operation without overt motor execution is referred to as imagery(of any kind).Over the last two decades of progress in brain timing studies,the timing of imagery has received little fo...The cognitive preparation of an operation without overt motor execution is referred to as imagery(of any kind).Over the last two decades of progress in brain timing studies,the timing of imagery has received little focus.This study compared the time perception of ten professional violinists’actual and imagery performances to see if such an analysis could offer a different model of timing in musicians’imagery skills.When comparing the timing profiles of the musicians between the two situations(actual and imagery),we found a significant correlation in overestimation of time in the imagery.In our fMRI analysis,we found high activation in the left cerebellum.This finding seems consistent with dedicated models of timing such as the cerebellar timing hypothesis,which assigns a“specialized clock”for tasks.In addition,the present findings might provide empirical data concerning imagery,creativity,and time.Maintaining imagery over time is one of the foundations of creativity,and understanding the underlying temporal neuronal mechanism might help us to apprehend the machinery of creativity per se.展开更多
On 22 April 2024,the 300-year birthday of the philosopher Immanuel Kant was celebrated.His thinking is still relevant today.Reasoning about“time”in philosophy,psychology,biology,and also in physics was given a new p...On 22 April 2024,the 300-year birthday of the philosopher Immanuel Kant was celebrated.His thinking is still relevant today.Reasoning about“time”in philosophy,psychology,biology,and also in physics was given a new perspective by Immanuel Kant.In the chapter“Metaphysical exposition of the concept of time”of his Critique of Pure Reason(1781/1787),he writes(in English translation):“Time is not an empirical concept that has been derived from any experience.For neither coexistence nor succession would ever come within our perception,if the representation of time were not presupposed as underlying them a priori.Only on the presupposition of time can we represent to ourselves a number of things as existing at one and the same time(simultaneously)or at different times(successively).Time is a necessary representation that underlies all intuitions.We cannot remove…time itself,though we can quite well think time as void of appearances.Time is,therefore,given a priori.Appearances may,one and all,vanish;but time cannot itself be removed.”展开更多
Most studies on stress have primarily focused on Western,educated,industrialized,rich,and democratic samples,which may differ from populations in non-Western countries in terms of how they think and respond to stress....Most studies on stress have primarily focused on Western,educated,industrialized,rich,and democratic samples,which may differ from populations in non-Western countries in terms of how they think and respond to stress.This study investigated the interplay of stress-related variables,including repetitive negative thinking(RNT),neuroticism,mindful awareness,cognitive control,academic or general stress,anxiety,and depression among Indonesian university undergraduates.Network analyses(as-sociation,graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(gLASSO),and relative importance network)were conducted to estimate associations between the aforementioned constructs in 474 undergraduate students in Indonesia.Consistent with the association network,the gLASSO network revealed that general stress and anxiety had the strongest partial association.The relative importance network further demonstrated that general stress and anxiety exhibited the most robust bidirectional pre-dictive relationships.Furthermore,general stress,RNT,and depression emerged as the strongest predictors within the network structure.The centrality indices from the gLASSO network(expected influence,strength,and closeness)identified general stress as the most central node in terms of expected influence and strength.Additionally,RNT and depression showed high strength and closeness values.Similarly,in the relative importance network,RNT,depression,and stress showed the highest outstrength and closeness centrality values.These findings suggest that general stress,anxiety,depression,and RNT are interconnected constructs that play crucial roles in the mental health of non-Western students.Further studies are required to investigate interventions for those constructs tailored to undergraduate students.展开更多
This study aims to explore the theory of mind(ToM)status in individuals with congenital visual impairment(CVI)and identify key predictive factors.For Study 1,the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in chi...This study aims to explore the theory of mind(ToM)status in individuals with congenital visual impairment(CVI)and identify key predictive factors.For Study 1,the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in children aged 7-10 years(60 with normal sight,33 with legal blindness,and 23 with total blindness).The results showed that children with total blindness had significantly lower false-belief scores than sighted children,with those with legal blindness performing in between.In the first-order false-belief task,verbal ability only moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children.Meanwhile,in the second-order false-belief task,verbal ability moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children and between children with legal blindness and sighted children.For Study 2,the faux pas task was used to examine the roles of age,residual vision,and verbal ability in ToM development among 166 adolescents aged 7-19 years with CVI.While age and verbal ability significantly predicted ToM development,residual vision had no significant predictive effect.In conclusion,compared with sighted children,those with CVI show delayed ToM development,though children with legal blindness perform better than those with total blindness.Age and verbal ability are key predictors of ToM development in children with CVI.Thus,in the early stages of ToM development,maximizing the use of residual vision and other senses is crucial.Further,enhancing verbal abilities,such as through using mental state terms in conversations and reading literary works,can mitigate the negative impact of CVI.Finally,intervention strategies should be tailored to age characteristics.展开更多
Creative cognitive reappraisal is an emerging emotion regulation strategy,but existing experimental studies often lack ecological validity due to two key limitations:the challenge of spontaneously generating creative ...Creative cognitive reappraisal is an emerging emotion regulation strategy,but existing experimental studies often lack ecological validity due to two key limitations:the challenge of spontaneously generating creative cognitive reappraisal and the passive pres-entation of materials,which resembles comprehension rather than active application.This study addresses these gaps by inves-tigating the teachability and effectiveness of creative cognitive reappraisal in real-world contexts.Using a 3×2 mixed-factorial design,82 teachers provided two personal negative events at baseline and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions(creative cognitive reappraisal,ordinary cognitive reappraisal,and positive emotional picture).Participants were trained in their assigned emotion regulation strategy based on a learning-test paradigm,using materials from the International Affective Picture System and Teachers'Negative Emotional Scenarios System.Pleasure was measured at two time points:immediately after the learning phase and 3 days later,using 20 common and two personal negative teacher-related scenarios.Qualitative data on insights gained from the learning phase were also collected.For common negative events,creative cognitive reappraisal demonstrated a meaningful,delayed,and significant effect after 3 days.The creative cognitive reappraisal group also generated the most creative reappraisal interpretations,highlighting its unique efficacy.These findings suggest that creative cognitive reappraisal is a teachable and enduring skill with delayed benefit for regulating negative emotions in real-world contexts.It highlighted the importance of allowing time for emotional processing-rather than attempting immediate regulation-which could create a pathway for more effective regulation later.展开更多
In today’s fast-paced society,escalating work and academic pressures have led to rising stress levels.While numerous studies have explored adolescent mental health,there has been a lack of focus on“educational stres...In today’s fast-paced society,escalating work and academic pressures have led to rising stress levels.While numerous studies have explored adolescent mental health,there has been a lack of focus on“educational stress”among Chinese students.This study sought to understand the psychological and physiological effects of educational stress in Chinese university students.We studied the impact of a 5-min nature photography session on campus compared with a control activity of photographing urban settings near campus.Data were collected using blood pressure measurements,electroencephalography(EEG),the Semantic Differential Method(SDM),and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)in order to understand psychophysiological reactions.The findings from the SDM and STAI assessments indicated that students felt slightly more at ease and considerably more relaxed,had a heightened sense of naturalness,and experienced reduced anxiety after engaging in nature photography compared with urban photography.Notably,we observed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped by many values and there were noticeable EEG changes among participants.The results suggest that a brief 5-min nature photography activity can effectively reduce mental stress in Chinese university students.展开更多
Mental health is one of the main challenges in the 21st century.It is especially important for adolescents and young people.Maintaining positive mental health is critical during this period as people navigate developm...Mental health is one of the main challenges in the 21st century.It is especially important for adolescents and young people.Maintaining positive mental health is critical during this period as people navigate developmental milestones to transition to adulthood.展开更多
Mutual support groups are increasingly implemented in higher education settings across high-income countries to promote peer-based support,with demonstrated benefits for emotional well-being and social connectedness.H...Mutual support groups are increasingly implemented in higher education settings across high-income countries to promote peer-based support,with demonstrated benefits for emotional well-being and social connectedness.However,their impact on other domains of students'lives remains underexplored,particularly in low-and middle-income contexts.This study investigates the outcomes of mutual support groups by examining students'perceived changes in mental well-being,academic skills,career certainty,social support attitudes,interpersonal functioning,and attitudes toward seeking psychological help.Using a qualitative retrospective approach,open-ended responses were collected from 20 Kosovar students(aged 18-25 years)at a major public university after a 5-week support group program.Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive approach based on predefined themes aligned with the study's objectives.Findings revealed that participating in mutual support groups contributed to reduced stress,lower anxiety,and improved mood,as students felt heard and emotionally supported by peers facing similar challenges.Students adopted more effective study habits and time management techniques through the sharing of practical strategies and encouragement.Open discussions about career uncertainty fostered clarity and confidence in students'academic and professional goals.Hearing from the perspectives of others on mental health reduced internalized stigma and increased willingness to seek psychological support.The group setting also enabled students to develop stronger interpersonal skills,including empathy,emotional expression,and a sense of connection and belonging.This study highlights the potential of mutual support groups as effective peer-led supplements in higher education by emphasizing improvements in student well-being,academic development,and mental health attitudes.展开更多
To assess the efficacy of prehabilitation programs in improving quality of life and alleviating anxiety and depression among adults undergoing surgery,a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching s...To assess the efficacy of prehabilitation programs in improving quality of life and alleviating anxiety and depression among adults undergoing surgery,a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching seven major biomedical databases(CNKI,Wanfang,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Sinomed)from inception to October 30,2025.Randomized controlled trials evaluating prehabilitation interventions in surgical patients were included.Eleven studies met inclusion criteria.Prehabilitation significantly improved postoperative quality of life(effect size=4.68,95%CI[1.18,8.18],p<0.05)and reduced depressive symptoms(effect size=−0.13,95%CI[−0.26,−0.01],p<0.03),whereas its effect on anxiety was not significant(effect size=0.01,95%CI[−0.13,0.14],p=0.92).Subgroup analyses indicated that benefits were most evident in the medium-term period,while long-term effects were minimal.No publication bias was observed,and the overall quality of evidence was moderate.Prehabilitation is effective in enhancing quality of life and reducing depression in surgical patients;however,its impact on anxiety remains inconclusive.Optimal effects may be associated with structured,multimodal prehabilitation programs and medium-term follow-up.Future randomized trials should examine program components,delivery modes,and long-term outcomes to refine clinical implementation.展开更多
Beyond the specific cognitive capacities like numerical or verbal intelligence and cognitive speed,the so-called soft skills,namely,psychological capacities,have become highly important in modern life.This is the firs...Beyond the specific cognitive capacities like numerical or verbal intelligence and cognitive speed,the so-called soft skills,namely,psychological capacities,have become highly important in modern life.This is the first representative study on the distribution of work-relevant psychological capacities in the general population.We investigate capacities in different age groups,gender,and their relation with basic sociodemographics.A representative sample of 2531 people aged 14–95 years was investigated concerning workrelevant psychological capacities with the mini self-rating for psychological activities and participation(Mini-ICF-APP-S).The strongest capacities in young people were mobility,flexibility,proactivity,contact to thirds,and group interaction.Other capacities were stronger in midlife(30–59 years),such as adjustment to rules and routines,planning and structuring,decision making and judgement,application of competence and knowledge,assertiveness,dyadic relationships,endurance,and self-care.Women reported better dyadic relationship capacities,and men felt more assertive.The study provides,for the first time,representative data on a broad range of psychological capacities according to an internationally validated capacity concept.Good psychological capacities occur not primarily in youth,but especially in midlife and older age.Regarding demographic change,this implies older people are highly competent in the working world.展开更多
Children's externalizing problem behavior is one of the most explored topics among parents,educators,and research scholars.The purpose of this study is to examine the developmental changes of externalizing problem...Children's externalizing problem behavior is one of the most explored topics among parents,educators,and research scholars.The purpose of this study is to examine the developmental changes of externalizing problem behavior in the early years of poor children and adolescents and the influence of family factors such as family functioning and parental marital quality on the de-velopmental changes.Seven hundred and seventy-eight early adolescents(M_(age)=13.7,SD=2.53)from poor families were studied longitudinally for 14 months.The results showed that three potential characteristics of externalizing problem behavior patterns were identified through Latent Profile Analysis(LPA):well-adjusted group,attention disorder group,and conduct problem group.Latent Transition Analysis(LTA)revealed a tendency for the conduct problem group to transition to the well-adjusted group over two traces(OR=0.40).There were gender differences in the results:boys in the conduct problem group were more likely to transition to the well-adjusted group(OR=0.55),while girls in the attention disorder group were more likely to transition to the well-adjusted group(OR=2.63).Research has found that a supportive family environment is a positive factor in mitigating externalizing problem behaviors of the early adolescents in their transition to adolescence.展开更多
Nomophobia,social networking site(SNS)addiction,and fear of missing out(FoMO)are increasingly recognized as interrelated digital-age phenomena that pose risks to young people's mental health.However,limited resear...Nomophobia,social networking site(SNS)addiction,and fear of missing out(FoMO)are increasingly recognized as interrelated digital-age phenomena that pose risks to young people's mental health.However,limited research has examined how specific symptoms across these domains interact and contribute to anxiety and depression.This study aims to make a novel contribution by applying network and flow analysis to uncover the symptom-level interconnections among nomophobia,SNS addiction,FoMO,and their links to mental health outcomes.A total of 3108 college students completed validated scales measuring SNS addiction,FoMO,nomophobia,anxiety,and depression.Gaussian graphical models and centrality indices were used to estimate symptom networks.Flow networks were constructed to identify pathways connecting symptoms to mental health outcomes.Strong intranetwork associations were found within all three domains.“FoMO on information”emerged as the most central and influential bridge symptom,connecting nomophobia and SNS addiction.Flow network analysis revealed that“FoMO on information”was also the strongest individual predictor of both anxiety and depression.Other symptoms,such as“fear of losing internet connection”and“SNS-related insomnia,”also showed notable associations with mental health outcomes.These findings highlight the potential of network and flow analysis to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms across digital behavioral addictions.“FoMO on information”appears to be a key symptom linking nomophobia and SNS addiction and may represent a promising target for interventions aimed at reducing comorbid anxiety and depression among adolescents.展开更多
Proactive career behaviors facilitate the transition from student to employee,and understanding the mechanisms behind their development is crucial for informing strategies that promote these behaviors.The literature i...Proactive career behaviors facilitate the transition from student to employee,and understanding the mechanisms behind their development is crucial for informing strategies that promote these behaviors.The literature indicates that the development of proactive career behaviors has been investigated in several studies;however,most of these studies employed a cross-sectional research methodology,thereby limiting the ability to draw robust causal inferences.This study is to investigate the mediating function of students'career adaptability in the relationship between psychological flexibility and proactive career behaviors throughout a longitudinal framework.The research involved 310 Turkish university students using convenience sampling.A two-wave cross-lagged panel model was tested within a structural equation modeling framework to examine cross-lagged effect among the variables over time.The findings indicated that students'career adaptability significantly mediated the longitudinal relationship between proactive career behaviors and psychological flexibility.It shows that interventions designed to enhance psychological flexibility and career adaptation within career counseling services can effectively boost students'proactive career behaviors.When assessed by human resources specialists,graduates with high psychological flexibility and career adaptability may exhibit more proactive and adaptable career behaviors,emphasizing the importance of including these attributes in recruitment processes.展开更多
Adolescents academic success is shaped by resilience,emotion regulation,and social support,yet cross-cultural differences in these processes remain underexplored.This study investigated the latent mediating effect amo...Adolescents academic success is shaped by resilience,emotion regulation,and social support,yet cross-cultural differences in these processes remain underexplored.This study investigated the latent mediating effect among psychological resilience,emotion regulation,academic self-efficacy,and perceived social support in Chinese and Ghanaian adolescents.Using multigroup structural equation modeling(MSEM)with a sample of 2000 participants,the study tested hypotheses on measurement invari-ance,structural associations,mediation,and moderated mediation.Results from measurement invariance tests confirmed that the constructs were comparable across groups,with good fit indices(CFI≥0.90,RMSEA≤0.07)supporting configural,metric,and scalar invariance.Structural path analyses revealed significant positive associations among all constructs,with effects generally stronger among Chinese adolescents.It was found that the relationship between resilience and emotion regulation was higher in China than in Ghana.Mediation analyses further indicated that emotion regulation and social support transmitted the influence of resilience on academic self-efficacy,with single mediators explaining 20%-28%of the variance and the total in-direct effect accounting for 48%.Emotion regulation emerged as the strongest mediator.Moderated mediation analyses showed that these pathways were more pronounced in China(total indirect effect:B=0.37 vs.0.20;index=0.17,95%CI=[0.07,0.29],p<0.01),reflecting cultural emphases on emotional control,academic diligence,and structured social networks.Findings highlight the importance of considering cultural context in adolescent development research.Contextually relevant psychological and educational interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience,emotion regulation,and support systems in both China and Ghana.展开更多
The psychological distress among manufacturing workers is an increasingly important issue and has attracted extensive atention.However,the mental health of this subgroup of the Chinese population is underexplored.This...The psychological distress among manufacturing workers is an increasingly important issue and has attracted extensive atention.However,the mental health of this subgroup of the Chinese population is underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress in Chinese manufacturing employees and identify central symptoms,important bridge symptoms,and associations between symptoms using network analysis.The participants were 4934 employees recruited from a Chinese manufacturing company.The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS),the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)were used to assess job burnout,anxiety,depression,compulsive symptom,somatization,psychoticism,paranoid,phobic,hostility,and interpersonal sensitivity,respectively.In total,29.77%,21.14%,and 26.53%of all participants experienced burnout,anxiety,and depression,respectively.Compared to normative data of the Chinese population,the seven symptoms of the SCL-90 among participants were significantly higher.The network analysis revealed that interpersonal sensitivity had the greatest strength and somatization had the greatest betweenness and closeness.Anxiety had the highest bridge expected influence.These results demonstrate that the mental health of Chinese manufacturing employees is a cause for concern.Interpersonal sensitivity and somatization emerged as the core symptoms,and anxiety was an important bridge symptom.Interventions aimed at these conditions may promote and enhance the overall mental health of Chinese manufacturing employees.展开更多
This study integrates emotion and decision-making theories in consumer finance to examine how integral emotions(emotions induced by the decision-making process)shape risky choices.The purpose of the study is to invest...This study integrates emotion and decision-making theories in consumer finance to examine how integral emotions(emotions induced by the decision-making process)shape risky choices.The purpose of the study is to investigate how integral emotions,specifically anticipatory(felt before deciding)and anticipated(predicted post-outcome)emotions,work in parallel to influence risky behavior.Unlike prior work that isolated a single emotional pathway,this research offers novelty by modeling both emotional pathways as parallel mechanisms induced by anticipated outcomes,and by quantifying their direct and indirect effects within the same model across two financial contexts.A sample of 640 Indonesians(aged 21-35;61%female)viewed audiovisual vignettes for“Buy Now Pay Later”(BNPL)and“Online Loan,”then rated perceived future gain/loss(anticipated outcome),the intensity of anticipated and anticipatory emotions,risk perception,intention to use the financial schemes,and completed the risk propensity scale.Path analyses showed that anticipated outcomes robustly elicited both emotion types,and that direct effects of both emotions on risky intention exceeded indirect effects in both contexts.These findings demonstrate that integral emotions influence risky financial intention directly and in parallel,underscore the value of jointly modeling anticipatory and anticipated emotions in risky decision-making.展开更多
Available evidence demonstrates that individuals with body-image disturbance(BID)are prone to suffer from depression.This systematic review provides,to our knowledge,the first synthesis of the psychological mechanism ...Available evidence demonstrates that individuals with body-image disturbance(BID)are prone to suffer from depression.This systematic review provides,to our knowledge,the first synthesis of the psychological mechanism of the association between BID and depression.We conducted a thorough search of online databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,and PsycINFO,for articles published up until February 2024.The final analysis comprised a total of 23 studies that focused on the mediating or moderating effects of psychological factors between depression and BID.This review identifies self-esteem and social support as both mediators and moderators of the relationship between BID and depression,while perceived stress acted only as a mediator.High self-esteem and strong social support as well as low levels of perceived stress may help individuals experience lower levels of BID,thereby contributing to a decreased likelihood of depression.Interventions aimed at increasing self-esteem,developing strong support,and decreasing perceived stress may hold promise to reduce the risk of depression in those with BID.展开更多
Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and c...Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and cultures can diversify their evaluations.This study conducted Web experiments using the facial images of Japanese and American participants to examine the effects of raters'gender,age,and culture on facial attractiveness.Experiment 1 examined the impact of gender and age on Japanese raters.Experiment 2 explored the effects of culture on Japanese and American raters.Statistical and morphometric analyses were conducted on the obtained data.The results showed significant positive correlations between attractiveness ratings across gender,age,and culture.However,the results of the geometric morphometrics revealed that several differences in preferences regarding facial contours were observed among participants by gender.Additionally,Japanese raters were more likely than American raters to emphasize raised eyebrows for faces in attractive male images,and smaller mouths for faces in attractive female images.These results suggest that the facial features driving attractiveness evaluations differ depending on gender and culture,offering detailed insights into the culturally diverse standards of facial attractiveness.This study adds to the growing understanding of how cultural and individual factors shape aesthetic preferences,questioning the notion of universal beauty,and offering a clearer framework for future cross-cultural research on facial attractiveness.展开更多
The literature suggests that expressed gratitude improves the interpersonal relationship between a beneficiary and a benefactor.However,there is little research that has explored why thanking provides these positive e...The literature suggests that expressed gratitude improves the interpersonal relationship between a beneficiary and a benefactor.However,there is little research that has explored why thanking provides these positive effects,so this study investigated thanking mechanisms to explain reasons why people feel close to a beneficiary who expresses gratitude.This study also examines the effects of apologies,which are sometimes used to show gratitude in Japan.In this experimental study,671 Japanese participants reported their perceived closeness,warmth,conscientiousness,and agreeableness to a hypothetical beneficiary who expressed gratitude,apologies,or both after a benefit was provided.The results revealed that benefactors who received a message indicating gratitude and both gratitude and apologies reported higher levels of closeness toward a beneficiary than those who received a message with only apologies and a message without either gratitude or apologies.A structural equation model further indicated that warmth and conscientiousness mediated the link between expressed gratitude/apologies and perceived closeness.展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030—Major Projects(2022ZD0209100),Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Mental Health Center(CRC2019ZD04)Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology(20Y11906700)+2 种基金Joint Research Project on Important Diseases by the Shanghai Xuhui District Health and Wellness Committee(XHLHGG202106)Shanghai Public Health System Enhancement Three-Year Action Plan(2023—2025)Project on Key Discipline Construction(GWVI-11.1-33)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62007002).
文摘Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique,this study identified lower brain network efficiency in children with anxiety and/or depression compared to healthy controls,with caregivers'evaluation of mood correlating with brain network efficiency.
基金Financial support for this study was obtained from the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung,Munich,Germany(Morteza Izadifar)the Zonta-ClubⅡ,Munich,Germany(Arusu Formuli),and is gratefully acknowledgedfunding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘The cognitive preparation of an operation without overt motor execution is referred to as imagery(of any kind).Over the last two decades of progress in brain timing studies,the timing of imagery has received little focus.This study compared the time perception of ten professional violinists’actual and imagery performances to see if such an analysis could offer a different model of timing in musicians’imagery skills.When comparing the timing profiles of the musicians between the two situations(actual and imagery),we found a significant correlation in overestimation of time in the imagery.In our fMRI analysis,we found high activation in the left cerebellum.This finding seems consistent with dedicated models of timing such as the cerebellar timing hypothesis,which assigns a“specialized clock”for tasks.In addition,the present findings might provide empirical data concerning imagery,creativity,and time.Maintaining imagery over time is one of the foundations of creativity,and understanding the underlying temporal neuronal mechanism might help us to apprehend the machinery of creativity per se.
文摘On 22 April 2024,the 300-year birthday of the philosopher Immanuel Kant was celebrated.His thinking is still relevant today.Reasoning about“time”in philosophy,psychology,biology,and also in physics was given a new perspective by Immanuel Kant.In the chapter“Metaphysical exposition of the concept of time”of his Critique of Pure Reason(1781/1787),he writes(in English translation):“Time is not an empirical concept that has been derived from any experience.For neither coexistence nor succession would ever come within our perception,if the representation of time were not presupposed as underlying them a priori.Only on the presupposition of time can we represent to ourselves a number of things as existing at one and the same time(simultaneously)or at different times(successively).Time is a necessary representation that underlies all intuitions.We cannot remove…time itself,though we can quite well think time as void of appearances.Time is,therefore,given a priori.Appearances may,one and all,vanish;but time cannot itself be removed.”
基金supported by Universitas Kristen Maranatha,020/PEG-PRJ/SL-YPTKM/UKM/X-2021.
文摘Most studies on stress have primarily focused on Western,educated,industrialized,rich,and democratic samples,which may differ from populations in non-Western countries in terms of how they think and respond to stress.This study investigated the interplay of stress-related variables,including repetitive negative thinking(RNT),neuroticism,mindful awareness,cognitive control,academic or general stress,anxiety,and depression among Indonesian university undergraduates.Network analyses(as-sociation,graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(gLASSO),and relative importance network)were conducted to estimate associations between the aforementioned constructs in 474 undergraduate students in Indonesia.Consistent with the association network,the gLASSO network revealed that general stress and anxiety had the strongest partial association.The relative importance network further demonstrated that general stress and anxiety exhibited the most robust bidirectional pre-dictive relationships.Furthermore,general stress,RNT,and depression emerged as the strongest predictors within the network structure.The centrality indices from the gLASSO network(expected influence,strength,and closeness)identified general stress as the most central node in terms of expected influence and strength.Additionally,RNT and depression showed high strength and closeness values.Similarly,in the relative importance network,RNT,depression,and stress showed the highest outstrength and closeness centrality values.These findings suggest that general stress,anxiety,depression,and RNT are interconnected constructs that play crucial roles in the mental health of non-Western students.Further studies are required to investigate interventions for those constructs tailored to undergraduate students.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund of China(20VYJ041).
文摘This study aims to explore the theory of mind(ToM)status in individuals with congenital visual impairment(CVI)and identify key predictive factors.For Study 1,the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in children aged 7-10 years(60 with normal sight,33 with legal blindness,and 23 with total blindness).The results showed that children with total blindness had significantly lower false-belief scores than sighted children,with those with legal blindness performing in between.In the first-order false-belief task,verbal ability only moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children.Meanwhile,in the second-order false-belief task,verbal ability moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children and between children with legal blindness and sighted children.For Study 2,the faux pas task was used to examine the roles of age,residual vision,and verbal ability in ToM development among 166 adolescents aged 7-19 years with CVI.While age and verbal ability significantly predicted ToM development,residual vision had no significant predictive effect.In conclusion,compared with sighted children,those with CVI show delayed ToM development,though children with legal blindness perform better than those with total blindness.Age and verbal ability are key predictors of ToM development in children with CVI.Thus,in the early stages of ToM development,maximizing the use of residual vision and other senses is crucial.Further,enhancing verbal abilities,such as through using mental state terms in conversations and reading literary works,can mitigate the negative impact of CVI.Finally,intervention strategies should be tailored to age characteristics.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,LQ22C090001National Natural Science Foundation of China,32100836。
文摘Creative cognitive reappraisal is an emerging emotion regulation strategy,but existing experimental studies often lack ecological validity due to two key limitations:the challenge of spontaneously generating creative cognitive reappraisal and the passive pres-entation of materials,which resembles comprehension rather than active application.This study addresses these gaps by inves-tigating the teachability and effectiveness of creative cognitive reappraisal in real-world contexts.Using a 3×2 mixed-factorial design,82 teachers provided two personal negative events at baseline and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions(creative cognitive reappraisal,ordinary cognitive reappraisal,and positive emotional picture).Participants were trained in their assigned emotion regulation strategy based on a learning-test paradigm,using materials from the International Affective Picture System and Teachers'Negative Emotional Scenarios System.Pleasure was measured at two time points:immediately after the learning phase and 3 days later,using 20 common and two personal negative teacher-related scenarios.Qualitative data on insights gained from the learning phase were also collected.For common negative events,creative cognitive reappraisal demonstrated a meaningful,delayed,and significant effect after 3 days.The creative cognitive reappraisal group also generated the most creative reappraisal interpretations,highlighting its unique efficacy.These findings suggest that creative cognitive reappraisal is a teachable and enduring skill with delayed benefit for regulating negative emotions in real-world contexts.It highlighted the importance of allowing time for emotional processing-rather than attempting immediate regulation-which could create a pathway for more effective regulation later.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32071824National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071824)。
文摘In today’s fast-paced society,escalating work and academic pressures have led to rising stress levels.While numerous studies have explored adolescent mental health,there has been a lack of focus on“educational stress”among Chinese students.This study sought to understand the psychological and physiological effects of educational stress in Chinese university students.We studied the impact of a 5-min nature photography session on campus compared with a control activity of photographing urban settings near campus.Data were collected using blood pressure measurements,electroencephalography(EEG),the Semantic Differential Method(SDM),and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)in order to understand psychophysiological reactions.The findings from the SDM and STAI assessments indicated that students felt slightly more at ease and considerably more relaxed,had a heightened sense of naturalness,and experienced reduced anxiety after engaging in nature photography compared with urban photography.Notably,we observed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped by many values and there were noticeable EEG changes among participants.The results suggest that a brief 5-min nature photography activity can effectively reduce mental stress in Chinese university students.
文摘Mental health is one of the main challenges in the 21st century.It is especially important for adolescents and young people.Maintaining positive mental health is critical during this period as people navigate developmental milestones to transition to adulthood.
文摘Mutual support groups are increasingly implemented in higher education settings across high-income countries to promote peer-based support,with demonstrated benefits for emotional well-being and social connectedness.However,their impact on other domains of students'lives remains underexplored,particularly in low-and middle-income contexts.This study investigates the outcomes of mutual support groups by examining students'perceived changes in mental well-being,academic skills,career certainty,social support attitudes,interpersonal functioning,and attitudes toward seeking psychological help.Using a qualitative retrospective approach,open-ended responses were collected from 20 Kosovar students(aged 18-25 years)at a major public university after a 5-week support group program.Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive approach based on predefined themes aligned with the study's objectives.Findings revealed that participating in mutual support groups contributed to reduced stress,lower anxiety,and improved mood,as students felt heard and emotionally supported by peers facing similar challenges.Students adopted more effective study habits and time management techniques through the sharing of practical strategies and encouragement.Open discussions about career uncertainty fostered clarity and confidence in students'academic and professional goals.Hearing from the perspectives of others on mental health reduced internalized stigma and increased willingness to seek psychological support.The group setting also enabled students to develop stronger interpersonal skills,including empathy,emotional expression,and a sense of connection and belonging.This study highlights the potential of mutual support groups as effective peer-led supplements in higher education by emphasizing improvements in student well-being,academic development,and mental health attitudes.
基金supported by the 2024 Nursing Research Fund(General Project)of Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2024D50.
文摘To assess the efficacy of prehabilitation programs in improving quality of life and alleviating anxiety and depression among adults undergoing surgery,a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching seven major biomedical databases(CNKI,Wanfang,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Sinomed)from inception to October 30,2025.Randomized controlled trials evaluating prehabilitation interventions in surgical patients were included.Eleven studies met inclusion criteria.Prehabilitation significantly improved postoperative quality of life(effect size=4.68,95%CI[1.18,8.18],p<0.05)and reduced depressive symptoms(effect size=−0.13,95%CI[−0.26,−0.01],p<0.03),whereas its effect on anxiety was not significant(effect size=0.01,95%CI[−0.13,0.14],p=0.92).Subgroup analyses indicated that benefits were most evident in the medium-term period,while long-term effects were minimal.No publication bias was observed,and the overall quality of evidence was moderate.Prehabilitation is effective in enhancing quality of life and reducing depression in surgical patients;however,its impact on anxiety remains inconclusive.Optimal effects may be associated with structured,multimodal prehabilitation programs and medium-term follow-up.Future randomized trials should examine program components,delivery modes,and long-term outcomes to refine clinical implementation.
基金supported by the German Pension Fund.0421/40-64-50-01.
文摘Beyond the specific cognitive capacities like numerical or verbal intelligence and cognitive speed,the so-called soft skills,namely,psychological capacities,have become highly important in modern life.This is the first representative study on the distribution of work-relevant psychological capacities in the general population.We investigate capacities in different age groups,gender,and their relation with basic sociodemographics.A representative sample of 2531 people aged 14–95 years was investigated concerning workrelevant psychological capacities with the mini self-rating for psychological activities and participation(Mini-ICF-APP-S).The strongest capacities in young people were mobility,flexibility,proactivity,contact to thirds,and group interaction.Other capacities were stronger in midlife(30–59 years),such as adjustment to rules and routines,planning and structuring,decision making and judgement,application of competence and knowledge,assertiveness,dyadic relationships,endurance,and self-care.Women reported better dyadic relationship capacities,and men felt more assertive.The study provides,for the first time,representative data on a broad range of psychological capacities according to an internationally validated capacity concept.Good psychological capacities occur not primarily in youth,but especially in midlife and older age.Regarding demographic change,this implies older people are highly competent in the working world.
基金supported by the Education Science“14th Five Year Plan”Project in Hunan Province,China(XJK22AXL002)。
文摘Children's externalizing problem behavior is one of the most explored topics among parents,educators,and research scholars.The purpose of this study is to examine the developmental changes of externalizing problem behavior in the early years of poor children and adolescents and the influence of family factors such as family functioning and parental marital quality on the de-velopmental changes.Seven hundred and seventy-eight early adolescents(M_(age)=13.7,SD=2.53)from poor families were studied longitudinally for 14 months.The results showed that three potential characteristics of externalizing problem behavior patterns were identified through Latent Profile Analysis(LPA):well-adjusted group,attention disorder group,and conduct problem group.Latent Transition Analysis(LTA)revealed a tendency for the conduct problem group to transition to the well-adjusted group over two traces(OR=0.40).There were gender differences in the results:boys in the conduct problem group were more likely to transition to the well-adjusted group(OR=0.55),while girls in the attention disorder group were more likely to transition to the well-adjusted group(OR=2.63).Research has found that a supportive family environment is a positive factor in mitigating externalizing problem behaviors of the early adolescents in their transition to adolescence.
基金supported by the 2025 Annual Project of the Tao Fen Foundation:Embodied Intelligence Empowering Nationwide Reading:Integrated Pathways of Technological Innovation and Reading Promotion(TF2025170).
文摘Nomophobia,social networking site(SNS)addiction,and fear of missing out(FoMO)are increasingly recognized as interrelated digital-age phenomena that pose risks to young people's mental health.However,limited research has examined how specific symptoms across these domains interact and contribute to anxiety and depression.This study aims to make a novel contribution by applying network and flow analysis to uncover the symptom-level interconnections among nomophobia,SNS addiction,FoMO,and their links to mental health outcomes.A total of 3108 college students completed validated scales measuring SNS addiction,FoMO,nomophobia,anxiety,and depression.Gaussian graphical models and centrality indices were used to estimate symptom networks.Flow networks were constructed to identify pathways connecting symptoms to mental health outcomes.Strong intranetwork associations were found within all three domains.“FoMO on information”emerged as the most central and influential bridge symptom,connecting nomophobia and SNS addiction.Flow network analysis revealed that“FoMO on information”was also the strongest individual predictor of both anxiety and depression.Other symptoms,such as“fear of losing internet connection”and“SNS-related insomnia,”also showed notable associations with mental health outcomes.These findings highlight the potential of network and flow analysis to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms across digital behavioral addictions.“FoMO on information”appears to be a key symptom linking nomophobia and SNS addiction and may represent a promising target for interventions aimed at reducing comorbid anxiety and depression among adolescents.
文摘Proactive career behaviors facilitate the transition from student to employee,and understanding the mechanisms behind their development is crucial for informing strategies that promote these behaviors.The literature indicates that the development of proactive career behaviors has been investigated in several studies;however,most of these studies employed a cross-sectional research methodology,thereby limiting the ability to draw robust causal inferences.This study is to investigate the mediating function of students'career adaptability in the relationship between psychological flexibility and proactive career behaviors throughout a longitudinal framework.The research involved 310 Turkish university students using convenience sampling.A two-wave cross-lagged panel model was tested within a structural equation modeling framework to examine cross-lagged effect among the variables over time.The findings indicated that students'career adaptability significantly mediated the longitudinal relationship between proactive career behaviors and psychological flexibility.It shows that interventions designed to enhance psychological flexibility and career adaptation within career counseling services can effectively boost students'proactive career behaviors.When assessed by human resources specialists,graduates with high psychological flexibility and career adaptability may exhibit more proactive and adaptable career behaviors,emphasizing the importance of including these attributes in recruitment processes.
文摘Adolescents academic success is shaped by resilience,emotion regulation,and social support,yet cross-cultural differences in these processes remain underexplored.This study investigated the latent mediating effect among psychological resilience,emotion regulation,academic self-efficacy,and perceived social support in Chinese and Ghanaian adolescents.Using multigroup structural equation modeling(MSEM)with a sample of 2000 participants,the study tested hypotheses on measurement invari-ance,structural associations,mediation,and moderated mediation.Results from measurement invariance tests confirmed that the constructs were comparable across groups,with good fit indices(CFI≥0.90,RMSEA≤0.07)supporting configural,metric,and scalar invariance.Structural path analyses revealed significant positive associations among all constructs,with effects generally stronger among Chinese adolescents.It was found that the relationship between resilience and emotion regulation was higher in China than in Ghana.Mediation analyses further indicated that emotion regulation and social support transmitted the influence of resilience on academic self-efficacy,with single mediators explaining 20%-28%of the variance and the total in-direct effect accounting for 48%.Emotion regulation emerged as the strongest mediator.Moderated mediation analyses showed that these pathways were more pronounced in China(total indirect effect:B=0.37 vs.0.20;index=0.17,95%CI=[0.07,0.29],p<0.01),reflecting cultural emphases on emotional control,academic diligence,and structured social networks.Findings highlight the importance of considering cultural context in adolescent development research.Contextually relevant psychological and educational interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience,emotion regulation,and support systems in both China and Ghana.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2023GXNSFBA026200)Guangxi Higher Education Institutions‘Young and Middle-aged Teachers’Fundamental Research Ability Enhancement Project(2023KY0036).
文摘The psychological distress among manufacturing workers is an increasingly important issue and has attracted extensive atention.However,the mental health of this subgroup of the Chinese population is underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress in Chinese manufacturing employees and identify central symptoms,important bridge symptoms,and associations between symptoms using network analysis.The participants were 4934 employees recruited from a Chinese manufacturing company.The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS),the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)were used to assess job burnout,anxiety,depression,compulsive symptom,somatization,psychoticism,paranoid,phobic,hostility,and interpersonal sensitivity,respectively.In total,29.77%,21.14%,and 26.53%of all participants experienced burnout,anxiety,and depression,respectively.Compared to normative data of the Chinese population,the seven symptoms of the SCL-90 among participants were significantly higher.The network analysis revealed that interpersonal sensitivity had the greatest strength and somatization had the greatest betweenness and closeness.Anxiety had the highest bridge expected influence.These results demonstrate that the mental health of Chinese manufacturing employees is a cause for concern.Interpersonal sensitivity and somatization emerged as the core symptoms,and anxiety was an important bridge symptom.Interventions aimed at these conditions may promote and enhance the overall mental health of Chinese manufacturing employees.
文摘This study integrates emotion and decision-making theories in consumer finance to examine how integral emotions(emotions induced by the decision-making process)shape risky choices.The purpose of the study is to investigate how integral emotions,specifically anticipatory(felt before deciding)and anticipated(predicted post-outcome)emotions,work in parallel to influence risky behavior.Unlike prior work that isolated a single emotional pathway,this research offers novelty by modeling both emotional pathways as parallel mechanisms induced by anticipated outcomes,and by quantifying their direct and indirect effects within the same model across two financial contexts.A sample of 640 Indonesians(aged 21-35;61%female)viewed audiovisual vignettes for“Buy Now Pay Later”(BNPL)and“Online Loan,”then rated perceived future gain/loss(anticipated outcome),the intensity of anticipated and anticipatory emotions,risk perception,intention to use the financial schemes,and completed the risk propensity scale.Path analyses showed that anticipated outcomes robustly elicited both emotion types,and that direct effects of both emotions on risky intention exceeded indirect effects in both contexts.These findings demonstrate that integral emotions influence risky financial intention directly and in parallel,underscore the value of jointly modeling anticipatory and anticipated emotions in risky decision-making.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-State Grid Corporation Joint Fund for Smart Grid,Grant/Award Number:32300926MOE(Ministryof Education in China)Project of Humanities andSocial Sciences,Grant/Award Number:21YJCZH004。
文摘Available evidence demonstrates that individuals with body-image disturbance(BID)are prone to suffer from depression.This systematic review provides,to our knowledge,the first synthesis of the psychological mechanism of the association between BID and depression.We conducted a thorough search of online databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,and PsycINFO,for articles published up until February 2024.The final analysis comprised a total of 23 studies that focused on the mediating or moderating effects of psychological factors between depression and BID.This review identifies self-esteem and social support as both mediators and moderators of the relationship between BID and depression,while perceived stress acted only as a mediator.High self-esteem and strong social support as well as low levels of perceived stress may help individuals experience lower levels of BID,thereby contributing to a decreased likelihood of depression.Interventions aimed at increasing self-esteem,developing strong support,and decreasing perceived stress may hold promise to reduce the risk of depression in those with BID.
基金supported by JST SPRING,JPMJSP2123The Keio University Doctorate Student Grant-in-Aid Program from Ushioda Memorial Fund(Graduate School Recommendation)+1 种基金JSPS KAKENHI,25KJ0044 and 24K21502MEXT KAKENHI,24H02199.
文摘Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and cultures can diversify their evaluations.This study conducted Web experiments using the facial images of Japanese and American participants to examine the effects of raters'gender,age,and culture on facial attractiveness.Experiment 1 examined the impact of gender and age on Japanese raters.Experiment 2 explored the effects of culture on Japanese and American raters.Statistical and morphometric analyses were conducted on the obtained data.The results showed significant positive correlations between attractiveness ratings across gender,age,and culture.However,the results of the geometric morphometrics revealed that several differences in preferences regarding facial contours were observed among participants by gender.Additionally,Japanese raters were more likely than American raters to emphasize raised eyebrows for faces in attractive male images,and smaller mouths for faces in attractive female images.These results suggest that the facial features driving attractiveness evaluations differ depending on gender and culture,offering detailed insights into the culturally diverse standards of facial attractiveness.This study adds to the growing understanding of how cultural and individual factors shape aesthetic preferences,questioning the notion of universal beauty,and offering a clearer framework for future cross-cultural research on facial attractiveness.
文摘The literature suggests that expressed gratitude improves the interpersonal relationship between a beneficiary and a benefactor.However,there is little research that has explored why thanking provides these positive effects,so this study investigated thanking mechanisms to explain reasons why people feel close to a beneficiary who expresses gratitude.This study also examines the effects of apologies,which are sometimes used to show gratitude in Japan.In this experimental study,671 Japanese participants reported their perceived closeness,warmth,conscientiousness,and agreeableness to a hypothetical beneficiary who expressed gratitude,apologies,or both after a benefit was provided.The results revealed that benefactors who received a message indicating gratitude and both gratitude and apologies reported higher levels of closeness toward a beneficiary than those who received a message with only apologies and a message without either gratitude or apologies.A structural equation model further indicated that warmth and conscientiousness mediated the link between expressed gratitude/apologies and perceived closeness.
