Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technolog...Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technologies are predominantly limited to dynamic control of a single band in visible(VIS)or infrared(IR)band.In this study,we propose an integrated platform that acheives decoupled,dynamic control of visible and infrared signatures under extreme ambient temperatures.This device features a thermochromic(TCM)layer on top,a multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)-based emissivity-electrochromic tri-layer structure in the middle,and a thermoelectric device(TED)at the bottom.The IR-transparent TCM layer enables a color conversion from green to yellow at 28°C,suitable for VIS camouflage in oasis and desert environments.Additionally,the device features an emissivity regulation from 0.44 to 0.84(8–14μm)and surface temperature adjustments between 10°C and 60°C,resulting in an impressive radiative temperature difference of 67.7°C(-21.6°C to 46.1°C).The outstanding performance of our VIS-IR adaptive camouflage device illustrates its feasibility in extreme environments with significant diurnal temperature variations.The proposed device provides a new strategy in VIS-IR adaptive camouflage,paving the way for further advancements in camouflage device design and expanding its applications.展开更多
Augmented reality(AR)displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly.However,they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eye...Augmented reality(AR)displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly.However,they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eyebox.The AR community is actively seeking lightweight,integrative optical elements to overcome these limitations.In this study,we demonstrate a three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for AR display.The meta-device is composed of three cascaded metasurfaces with Moiréand off-center Fresnel lens phase profiles designed to dynamically manipulate the focus point in three-dimensional space.The cascaded metasurfaces are designed and fabricated by the TiO_(2)nanopillars with varying diameters,which are polarizationinsensitive for light field manipulation.The focal point position is precisely controlled by the relative rotation between the metasurfaces.The meta-device achieves an effective focal length ranging from 3.7 mm to 33.2 mm and can adjust the lateral focal point within the same range.The dynamic eyebox size varies from 4.2 mm to 5.8 mm.This lightweight,integrated meta-device is well-suited for various imaging applications,including AR displays,as it simultaneously addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict and expands the eyebox.展开更多
Neurite outgrowth and synapse formation constitute the cellular basis for the establishment and plasticity of neural networks,crucially involved in cognitive functions.However,the techniques currently available to eff...Neurite outgrowth and synapse formation constitute the cellular basis for the establishment and plasticity of neural networks,crucially involved in cognitive functions.However,the techniques currently available to effectively and specifically modulate these processes remain limited.In this work,we propose a non-drug and non-thermal terahertz(THz)photon modulation approach that enhances neuronal growth and synaptogenesis.Frequency screening experiments show that 34.5 THz photon stimulation could effectively promote neurite elongation and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95)expression by 26.0%in rat hippocampal neurons.Subsequent cellular experiments reveal an upregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway and adenylyl cyclase type 1(AC1)activity after 34.5 THz photon irradiation.Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that 34.5 THz photons promote the binding between AC1 and ligand,accelerating cAMP generation.In vivo experiments further confirm an increase in hippocampal cAMP levels and dendritic spine density after THz photon stimulation,accompanied by a significant improvement in cognitive performance.Overall,our results suggest THz photon stimulation as an effective and specific method for neuromodulation,promising for future applications in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.展开更多
In the field of holographic 3D display,generating a three-dimensional(3D)computergenerated hologram(CGH)from a single two-dimensional(2D)image has been a significant challenge due to the high-dimensionality of the pro...In the field of holographic 3D display,generating a three-dimensional(3D)computergenerated hologram(CGH)from a single two-dimensional(2D)image has been a significant challenge due to the high-dimensionality of the problem.In this paper,we introduce an end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)framework,trained using a large dataset,which directly infers a full-color 3D CGH from a single 2D picture.The proposed method bypasses the need for depth or any other 3D information,facilitating the transformation of readily available 2D images into 3D holograms.We demonstrate that our end-to-end CNN can successfully convert either computer graphics(CG)generated 2D image or real-world captured 2D image into high-quality phase-only hologram,and experimentally achieving the effect of full-color 3D holographic display.Our work extends the horizons of lower-dimensional to higher-dimensional holographic wavefront information conversion,and therefore has potentials to advanced applications such as 3D display technology and metaverse development.展开更多
Broadband achromatic meta-devices have emerged as a transformative platform for dispersion-engineered wavefront manipulation,offering significant potential for full-color imaging,multi-band spectral sensing,and integr...Broadband achromatic meta-devices have emerged as a transformative platform for dispersion-engineered wavefront manipulation,offering significant potential for full-color imaging,multi-band spectral sensing,and integrated photonic systems.However,realizing spin-unlocked achromatic functionality remains fundamentally challenging due to the intrinsic dispersion correlations between orthogonal spin channels in conventional metasurface architectures.Here,we propose a hybrid-phase strategy that synergistically combines the distinct dispersion characteristics of Aharonov-Anandan and Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phases.This mechanism is implemented through a single-layer double-arc meta-structure that enables broadband achromatic wavefront control with complete spin-channel independence.As experimental validation,we demonstrate spin-unlocked achromatic meta-devices including dual-functionality beam deflectors and high-efficiency meta-lenses,both exhibiting broadband chromatic-aberration-free performances.This approach establishes a new paradigm for spin-unlocked achromatic metasurfaces and paves the way for multi-channel optical imaging,on-chip spectral detection,and other emerging spin-photonic applications.展开更多
The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),...The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new type of compact single-beam elliptically polarized atomic magnetometers(EPAMs).Employing the fabricated chiral beam splitter PGM with high cross-polarization transmittance,a new atomic spin chirality detection method was devised,enabling the ultra-high sensitivity for extremely weak magnetic field measurement and achieving a high sensitivity of 2.67 pT/Hz^(1/2)under an external magnetic field of approximately 10,000 nT.The new AMs combine the pumping and probing polarized light,achieving a compact design.The fabricated PGM has a size of only 3 mm×3 mm×0.7 mm,which is beneficial for the miniaturization and integration of AMs.This work effectively expands the application of metasurfaces in the field of quantum precision measurement,and also provides a new viewpoint for the design and development of high-sensitivity and miniaturized AMs.展开更多
Miniaturized spectroscopy techniques show great potentials in on-site applications,with most progress focused on manipulating the spectral responses of either dispersion elements or detectors.Little attention was paid...Miniaturized spectroscopy techniques show great potentials in on-site applications,with most progress focused on manipulating the spectral responses of either dispersion elements or detectors.Little attention was paid on light sources,while light source and its optical collimation unit left unsaid in most miniaturized spectrometers actually dominate a majority of the footprint and the cost of the entire platform.Here,we demonstrate light-source engineering as a new paradigm for developing a miniaturized spectroscopic sensing platform in mid-infrared(MIR),where spectral information of the analyte is encoded in the MIR image of a chip-size thermal source.An array of angle-insensitive metasurface sub-emitters that operate at various wavelengths enables a straightforward sensing method by decoding an image of the radiation intensity distribution.Accurate and robust classification of organic solvents and drug sorting,as well as quantitative concentration measurement of mixed organic solutions,were experimentally demonstrated with an imaging angle tolerance up to 40o.Moreover,spectral imaging was explored using this device,achieving distinct images of a plastic covered steel ring.By integrating the functions of light source,dispersion element and collimation unit in conventional spectroscopy platforms into such a chip-size metasurface thermal emitter,the proposed miniaturized MIR spectral sensing technique shows promising potential for portable and on-site material analysis.展开更多
Increasingly complex electromagnetic environments and congested spectral resources demand the crucial frequency-selective filtering to suppress out-of-band interference during wave manipulation.Here,we present a stack...Increasingly complex electromagnetic environments and congested spectral resources demand the crucial frequency-selective filtering to suppress out-of-band interference during wave manipulation.Here,we present a stacked reconfigurable metasurface that achieves sharp frequency filtering together with multidimensional tunability across polarization and spectral domains.This stacking strategy decouples polarization channels and tailors near-field coupling to realize controllable frequency shifts.A transmission-line theory is analytically established to characterize and control the scattering poles and zeros under varying polarizations and bias voltages,thereby enabling the prediction of the metasurface’s tunable filtering behavior.Experiments validate dynamic polarization selection and continuous shifting of the filtering band.The measured bandpass response exhibits steep transition edges and strong out-ofband rejection,effectively isolating adjacent spectral channels.This design demonstrates the integration of tunability and selectivity across multiple wave dimensions,addressing critical demands for reconfigurability,multiplexing,and interference immunity in modern electromagnetic systems,with broad potential for smart sensing,secure communications,and radar technologies.展开更多
Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid respo...Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid responsiveness to dynamic environmental conditions,limiting their practical applicability.To overcome these challenges,we present an innovative approach combining ultrafast laser-induced non-volatile phase-change Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)voxel-crystallized units with electrically tunable volatile VO_(2)layers.This integration enables precise,continuous control of infrared emissivity across a wide range of 0.14 to 0.98,effectively encompassing the emissivity of most materials.A neural network-based closed-loop system is employed for sensing,intelligent decision-making,and execution,achieving real-time thermal radiation matching between the target and its environment with a response speed of 3°C/s and an accuracy of±1°C.This strategy significantly enhances the adaptability of thermal camouflage in complex environments,paving the way for practical,dynamic thermal stealth applications.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial water purification(SDIWP)has emerged as a green,cost-effective,and sustainable technology for waste/sea water treatment.However,at present,innovative smart water treatment systems that enable ...Solar-driven interfacial water purification(SDIWP)has emerged as a green,cost-effective,and sustainable technology for waste/sea water treatment.However,at present,innovative smart water treatment systems that enable high-efficiency water purification through multiform solar schemes are rare.Herein,we report a light-propelled photocatalytic evaporator based on semi-metallic reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/titanium carbide MXene-titanium dioxide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2))ternary hybrid foams for multischeme SDIWP.The RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam is prepared by freeze-drying induced selfassembly(FDISA)of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets by which an in-situ redox reaction between Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and GO nanosheets occurs and TiO_(2)nanoparticles are generated simultaneously.The synergistic effect leads to the formation of the semimetallic RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)framework with the Ti–O-C covalent bonding between RGO and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).Under light irradiation,the photogenerated carriers in RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)can occupy the quantum-confined graphene-like states in RGO with an average lifetime of 0.8 ps,this value is 2 orders of magnitude shorter than that of GO and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).As a result,the RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam shows photocatalytic degradation activity and photothermal conversion ability,enabling multi-scheme SDIWP.Owing to its excellent photothermal properties and quantum-confined superfluidic structures,the RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam exhibits superior vapor generation performance(1.72 kg m^(–2)h^(–1)).Furthermore,the photocatalytic evaporator can be remotely manipulated as a floating robot for water treatment through programmable light navigation via photothermal Marangoni propulsion.This work provides a new approach for developing robotic SDIWP systems.展开更多
Highly efficient controlling the individual atomic migration is the basis of the modern atomic manufacturing.Although one-by-one atom migration can be realized precisely by STM technique,such a delicate operation is t...Highly efficient controlling the individual atomic migration is the basis of the modern atomic manufacturing.Although one-by-one atom migration can be realized precisely by STM technique,such a delicate operation is time consuming and restrictive conditions(e.g.,high-vacuum)needed to be satisfied.Here,we reported that individual metal atoms can be efficiently transferred from the nanoparticle surface to the underneath substrate via instantaneous laser irradiation under ambient conditions.By inserting self-assembled monolayer(SAM)molecules into nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPoM)structures,a pronounced resonance shift that depends on the dipole moments of the SAM molecules,was observed upon laser irradiation.Assisted by the in-situ measurement of Raman spectra,synchronously capturing dark-field(DF)scattering spectra and DF imaging,it is clarified that the laser-induced localized surface plasmons,which generates strong dipole–dipole interactions,play a critical role in triggering atomic migration.Our study opens an avenue for the highly efficient fabrication of atomic patterns.展开更多
High-resolution spectroscopy unveils the fundamental physics of quantum states,molecular dynamics,and energy transfers.Ideally,a higher spectral resolution over a broader bandwidth is the prerequisite,but traditional ...High-resolution spectroscopy unveils the fundamental physics of quantum states,molecular dynamics,and energy transfers.Ideally,a higher spectral resolution over a broader bandwidth is the prerequisite,but traditional spectroscopic techniques can only partially fulfill this requirement even with a bulky system.Here we report that a multi-frequency acousto-optic phase modulation at a chip-scale of soft polydimethylsiloxane can readily support a 200-times higher 0.5-MHz spectral resolution for the frequency-comb-based spectroscopy,while co-located plasmonic nanostructures mediate the strong light-matter interaction.These results suggest the potential of polydimethylsiloxane acousto-optic phase modulation for cost-effective,compact,multifunctional chip-scale tools in diverse applications such as quantum spectroscopy,high-finesse cavity analysis,and surface plasmonic spectroscopy.展开更多
InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)have been widely recognized as one of the critical technologies for high-resolution display applications.However,achieving high-efficiency,environmental-friendly,and ...InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)have been widely recognized as one of the critical technologies for high-resolution display applications.However,achieving high-efficiency,environmental-friendly,and small-size self-emitting InGaN-based red micro-LEDs present significant challenges that impede the progress of monolithically integrated III-nitride full-color micro-LED displays.Current limitations stem from insufficient control over carrier dynamics in InGaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs),where conventional structures exhibit severe efficiency degradation due to insufficient hole injection and defect-induced nonradiative recombination.Herein,spatially-resolved in-situ hyperspectral imaging and numerical simulations demonstrate that optimized V-pit promote the effectiveness of three-dimensional current pathways and facilitate localized electric field redistribution.This improvement enhances hole injection while suppressing nonradiative recombination,this work contributes to the microstructure design in InGaN-based red LEDs.展开更多
The increasing demand for dispersion engineering in various photonic applications necessitates spectrometry with both kilohertz resolution and several terahertz bandwidth.A laser with sufficiently large frequency tuni...The increasing demand for dispersion engineering in various photonic applications necessitates spectrometry with both kilohertz resolution and several terahertz bandwidth.A laser with sufficiently large frequency tuning range is required in traditional methods,Yielding bulky and expensive systems that are difficult to integrated on a chip.Compact,high-resolution,and broadband spectrometers are crucial,yet onchip integration,particularly of the optical source,remains challenging.Here,we propose a 5.2-THz-bandwidth miniaturized spectrometer utilizing a laser only in GHz tuning range.The laser’s tuning range is leveraged by integrated Si_(3)N_(4)soliton microcombs to achieve a 650-times larger measurement bandwidth,extending the measurement range from 1525.3 to 1566.8 nm and surpassing the optical C-band.The soliton microcomb is meticulously frequency-stabilized,achieving frequency fluctuations below 100 Hz,ensuring high frequency precision for our spectrometer.By combining optical asymmetrical double sideband modulation with soliton microcombs,we significantly enhance the spectrometer’s performance,offering higher resolution,larger dynamic range,and greater bandwidth.This optical spectrum measurement approach enabled by GHz-tunable laser opens a way to significantly simplify system complexity.展开更多
While machine learning holds remarkable potential for designing high-quality(Q)photonic crystal(PC)cavities,its effectiveness heavily relies on the availability of thousands of data samples.This requirement necessitat...While machine learning holds remarkable potential for designing high-quality(Q)photonic crystal(PC)cavities,its effectiveness heavily relies on the availability of thousands of data samples.This requirement necessitates substantial simulation resources and considerable time.To tackle the challenge of data scarcity in high-Q microcavity designs,we propose an innovative intelligent model for efficient data augmentation that entails merely a few hundred original samples.Notably,our novel structural reshaping strategy,involving the groundbreaking Euler-bend air-hole structure,significantly enhances the fabrication robustness,addressing the consistency difficulty associated with large-scale manufacturing of high-Q PC microcavity arrays.Silicon PC nanobeam cavities are experimentally demonstrated,featuring record-breaking loaded Q factors,large tolerance for the Euler-bend holes and extremely compact sizes of 6μm^(2).Importantly,to emphasize the on-chip high-resolution signal processing,the cavity-based microwave photonic filters(MPFs)offer unprecedented capabilities,including ultra-narrow bandwidths,an unlimited frequency tuning range and ultra-high rejection ratios using a micrometer-scale cavity.This breakthrough truly transcends the traditional limitations between the filter size,frequency resolution and tuning range.These exceptional characteristics position our MPFs with a cavity-based recordbreaking Q_(MPF)/S ratio(S:device size).展开更多
Axially-swept light-sheet microscopy(ASLM)has emerged as a distinguished tool for 3D imaging owing to its excellent spatial resolution.However,the acquisition time is significantly elongated due to the extra time cons...Axially-swept light-sheet microscopy(ASLM)has emerged as a distinguished tool for 3D imaging owing to its excellent spatial resolution.However,the acquisition time is significantly elongated due to the extra time consumed in axial scanning.Meanwhile,the spatial information provided in a single scan is fundamentally limited by the compromise between field-of-view and resolution.The overall inadequate optical throughput of current ASLM techniques impedes their widespread application in acquiring large samples.Here we demonstrate a spinning-disk-based ASLM(SDLM)approach that enables wide field-of-view(15×confocal range of the gaussian beam),isotropic 3D imaging of large organisms at 100 Hz full camera frame rate.In addition to the new optical design,we combine a recurrent neural network image restoration model to further improve the resolution of raw images.We demonstrate seconds scale stitching-free 3D imaging of the entire mouse brain(~9*8*5 mm size)at isotropic single-cell resolution(1.5μm voxel).With the high-quality data readily obtained by our approach,we also demonstrate the visualization of long projecting neurons and two genotypes of whole mouse brain cell profiling across the 3D space.Further transformation into in vivo research would broaden the application of SDLM.展开更多
The pursuit of compact microscopy systems faces dual constraints from cascaded optical elements and sensor pixel limits.While the integration of metalens and sensor eliminates the bulky elements,the resolution remains...The pursuit of compact microscopy systems faces dual constraints from cascaded optical elements and sensor pixel limits.While the integration of metalens and sensor eliminates the bulky elements,the resolution remains confined by pixel-induced under-sampling.Here,we propose a computational imaging framework that synergizes a compact metalens microscope with a transformer-based neural network to achieve subpixel-resolution.To bridge the simulation-to-reality gap,we construct the first experimental dataset of metalens-acquired thyroid pathological sections images.The training strategy enables rapid(~0.2s for 110μm×110μm FOV),highfidelity(structural similarity up to 91%)reconstruction from single-frame inputs,achieving 3×spatial sampling density with a high resolution(close to the ground truth resolution of 0.87μm).We further demonstrate its scalability by implementing the trained network in a metalens array-based system,achieving wide-field(4 mm×6 mm)and high-resolution(close to the Olympus 10×/0.25NA objective)imaging,with a field of view approximately 14.5 times that of the Olympus objective.The proposed framework highlights the synergy between simplified optical hardware and computational reconstruction,paving the way for compact and intelligent microscopy.展开更多
Large-capacity data transmission is increasingly required to meet the growing demands of big data and artificial intelligence applications.Wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)technology is a reliable method of increa...Large-capacity data transmission is increasingly required to meet the growing demands of big data and artificial intelligence applications.Wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)technology is a reliable method of increasing link capacity by enabling multiple wavelength signals to be transmitted in a single channel.Here,for the first time,a large-capacity transmitter on thin-film lithium tantalate-on-insulator(LTOI)is demonstrated by monolithically integrating an 8-channel WDM and Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)electro-optic modulators(EOMs).The integrated 8-channel WDM,comprised of 8 cascaded waveguide Bragg grating optical filters,realizes channel spacing of 16.8 nm,1-dB bandwidth of 15.4 nm,and thermal sensitivity of 10 pm/oC.The MZI EOMs show low direct current drift and 3-dB bandwidth beyond 67 GHz.Finally,the WDM transmitter achieves a data rate of 100 Gbps OOK and 200 Gbps PAM4 for a single channel,indicating the demonstrated total capacity of 1.6 Tbps.Therefore,the demonstrated large-capacity WDM transmitter will find many applications,such as artificial intelligence and data centers.展开更多
Metasurfaces offer great potential to replace conventional optics by enabling multifunctionalities in compact form factors.However,their mass production remains at crossroads,as most materials compatible with scalable...Metasurfaces offer great potential to replace conventional optics by enabling multifunctionalities in compact form factors.However,their mass production remains at crossroads,as most materials compatible with scalable fabrication like nanoimprint lithography(NIL)exhibit relatively low refractive indices(~2),which limit metasurface performance and necessitate tall,high-aspect-ratio meta-atoms prone to bending and collapsing.To address these bottlenecks,we introduce a hybrid nanoparticle-embedded resin(nano-PER)structure that reduces meta-atom height and aspect ratio.By utilizing TiO2 nano-PER as the core material with thin TiO_(2)coatings,we can implement the optical properties of high refractive index with printable material,achieving a height reduction of over 27%and an aspect ratio reduction of more than 36%compared with conventional hybrid structures using nanoimprint resin.Despite the reduced dimensions,our meta-atoms exhibit high broadband properties,with an average conversion efficiency of over 72%across blue(450 nm),green(532 nm),and red(635 nm)wavelengths.Our design provides robustness in the fabrication process,demonstrated by producing a hyperbolic metalens via NIL and experimentally verifying its optical performance,with an average focusing efficiency of 51.23%.These findings mark an important advancement in scalable,highperformance metasurfaces,paving the way for their practical integration into optical applications.展开更多
Three-photon microscopy(3PM)enables high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging in deeply situated and highly scattering biological specimens,facilitating precise characterization of biological morphology and cellula...Three-photon microscopy(3PM)enables high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging in deeply situated and highly scattering biological specimens,facilitating precise characterization of biological morphology and cellular-level physiology in vivo.However,the use of fluorescent probes with relatively low three-photon absorption cross-sections necessitates high-peak-power lasers for excitation,which poses inherent risks of light-induced damage.Additionally,the low repetition frequency of these lasers prolongs scanning time per pixel,hampering imaging speed and exacerbating the potential for photodamage.Such limitations hinder the application of 3PM in studying vulnerable tissues,including muscle regeneration.To address this critical issue,we developed the Multi-Scale Attention Denoising Network(MSAD-Net),a precise and versatile denoising network suitable for diverse structures and varying noise levels.Our network enables the use of lower excitation power(1/4–1/2 of the common power:1.0–1.5 mW vs 4–6 mW)and shorter scanning time(1/6–1/4 of the common time:2–3μs/pixel vs 12μs/pixel)in 3PM while preserving image quality and tissue integrity.It achieves a structural similarity index(SSIM)of with an average of 0.9932 and a fast inference time of just 80 ms per frame which ensured both high fidelity and practicality for downstream applications.By utilizing MSAD-Net-assisted imaging,we characterize the biological morphology and functionality of muscle regeneration processes through deep in vivo five-channel imaging under low excitation power and short scanning time,while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and excellent axial spatial resolution.Furthermore,we conducted high axial-resolution dynamic imaging of vascular microcirculation,macrophages,and ghost fibers.Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying muscle regeneration at the cellular and tissue levels.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2024YFA1210500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.U2341225 and 62375242)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant no.GZB20240647)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2025T180236 and 2024M762817)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant no.2025YFHZ0297).
文摘Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technologies are predominantly limited to dynamic control of a single band in visible(VIS)or infrared(IR)band.In this study,we propose an integrated platform that acheives decoupled,dynamic control of visible and infrared signatures under extreme ambient temperatures.This device features a thermochromic(TCM)layer on top,a multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)-based emissivity-electrochromic tri-layer structure in the middle,and a thermoelectric device(TED)at the bottom.The IR-transparent TCM layer enables a color conversion from green to yellow at 28°C,suitable for VIS camouflage in oasis and desert environments.Additionally,the device features an emissivity regulation from 0.44 to 0.84(8–14μm)and surface temperature adjustments between 10°C and 60°C,resulting in an impressive radiative temperature difference of 67.7°C(-21.6°C to 46.1°C).The outstanding performance of our VIS-IR adaptive camouflage device illustrates its feasibility in extreme environments with significant diurnal temperature variations.The proposed device provides a new strategy in VIS-IR adaptive camouflage,paving the way for further advancements in camouflage device design and expanding its applications.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404700)the Major Key Project of PCL(PCL2024A01)+7 种基金Shenzhen Municipal Basic Research(Key Project)(JCY20241202123919027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305184)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012932)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(WDZC20220818100259004)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China[Project No.C5031-22GCityU11310522CityU11300123]City University of Hong Kong[Project No.9610628].
文摘Augmented reality(AR)displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly.However,they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eyebox.The AR community is actively seeking lightweight,integrative optical elements to overcome these limitations.In this study,we demonstrate a three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for AR display.The meta-device is composed of three cascaded metasurfaces with Moiréand off-center Fresnel lens phase profiles designed to dynamically manipulate the focus point in three-dimensional space.The cascaded metasurfaces are designed and fabricated by the TiO_(2)nanopillars with varying diameters,which are polarizationinsensitive for light field manipulation.The focal point position is precisely controlled by the relative rotation between the metasurfaces.The meta-device achieves an effective focal length ranging from 3.7 mm to 33.2 mm and can adjust the lateral focal point within the same range.The dynamic eyebox size varies from 4.2 mm to 5.8 mm.This lightweight,integrated meta-device is well-suited for various imaging applications,including AR displays,as it simultaneously addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict and expands the eyebox.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Program No.T2241002National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars No.12225511New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplore Prize No.2020–1023.
文摘Neurite outgrowth and synapse formation constitute the cellular basis for the establishment and plasticity of neural networks,crucially involved in cognitive functions.However,the techniques currently available to effectively and specifically modulate these processes remain limited.In this work,we propose a non-drug and non-thermal terahertz(THz)photon modulation approach that enhances neuronal growth and synaptogenesis.Frequency screening experiments show that 34.5 THz photon stimulation could effectively promote neurite elongation and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95)expression by 26.0%in rat hippocampal neurons.Subsequent cellular experiments reveal an upregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway and adenylyl cyclase type 1(AC1)activity after 34.5 THz photon irradiation.Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that 34.5 THz photons promote the binding between AC1 and ligand,accelerating cAMP generation.In vivo experiments further confirm an increase in hippocampal cAMP levels and dendritic spine density after THz photon stimulation,accompanied by a significant improvement in cognitive performance.Overall,our results suggest THz photon stimulation as an effective and specific method for neuromodulation,promising for future applications in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
基金supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(24511106500)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022232)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075040)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0701100).
文摘In the field of holographic 3D display,generating a three-dimensional(3D)computergenerated hologram(CGH)from a single two-dimensional(2D)image has been a significant challenge due to the high-dimensionality of the problem.In this paper,we introduce an end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)framework,trained using a large dataset,which directly infers a full-color 3D CGH from a single 2D picture.The proposed method bypasses the need for depth or any other 3D information,facilitating the transformation of readily available 2D images into 3D holograms.We demonstrate that our end-to-end CNN can successfully convert either computer graphics(CG)generated 2D image or real-world captured 2D image into high-quality phase-only hologram,and experimentally achieving the effect of full-color 3D holographic display.Our work extends the horizons of lower-dimensional to higher-dimensional holographic wavefront information conversion,and therefore has potentials to advanced applications such as 3D display technology and metaverse development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62471216,62271243,62071215,U2341264)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2023084)the Xiaomi Foundation,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manipulating Technique of Electromagnetic Wave.
文摘Broadband achromatic meta-devices have emerged as a transformative platform for dispersion-engineered wavefront manipulation,offering significant potential for full-color imaging,multi-band spectral sensing,and integrated photonic systems.However,realizing spin-unlocked achromatic functionality remains fundamentally challenging due to the intrinsic dispersion correlations between orthogonal spin channels in conventional metasurface architectures.Here,we propose a hybrid-phase strategy that synergistically combines the distinct dispersion characteristics of Aharonov-Anandan and Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phases.This mechanism is implemented through a single-layer double-arc meta-structure that enables broadband achromatic wavefront control with complete spin-channel independence.As experimental validation,we demonstrate spin-unlocked achromatic meta-devices including dual-functionality beam deflectors and high-efficiency meta-lenses,both exhibiting broadband chromatic-aberration-free performances.This approach establishes a new paradigm for spin-unlocked achromatic metasurfaces and paves the way for multi-channel optical imaging,on-chip spectral detection,and other emerging spin-photonic applications.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan(“Jianbing and Lingyan”)project(Grant No.2024C01099)Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Non-Consensus Innovation Project(Grant No.F251046)+1 种基金National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Grant No.KZ37124001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42388101).
文摘The powerful light field manipulation capability of metasurfaces offers a novel development perspective for the quantum precision measurement.By applying the phasegradient metasurface(PGM)to atomic magnetometers(AMs),we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new type of compact single-beam elliptically polarized atomic magnetometers(EPAMs).Employing the fabricated chiral beam splitter PGM with high cross-polarization transmittance,a new atomic spin chirality detection method was devised,enabling the ultra-high sensitivity for extremely weak magnetic field measurement and achieving a high sensitivity of 2.67 pT/Hz^(1/2)under an external magnetic field of approximately 10,000 nT.The new AMs combine the pumping and probing polarized light,achieving a compact design.The fabricated PGM has a size of only 3 mm×3 mm×0.7 mm,which is beneficial for the miniaturization and integration of AMs.This work effectively expands the application of metasurfaces in the field of quantum precision measurement,and also provides a new viewpoint for the design and development of high-sensitivity and miniaturized AMs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,62220106001,Qin Chen,12374351,Long Wen,Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,2023B1515020046,Jiahao Yan,2022B1515020069,Long Wen。
文摘Miniaturized spectroscopy techniques show great potentials in on-site applications,with most progress focused on manipulating the spectral responses of either dispersion elements or detectors.Little attention was paid on light sources,while light source and its optical collimation unit left unsaid in most miniaturized spectrometers actually dominate a majority of the footprint and the cost of the entire platform.Here,we demonstrate light-source engineering as a new paradigm for developing a miniaturized spectroscopic sensing platform in mid-infrared(MIR),where spectral information of the analyte is encoded in the MIR image of a chip-size thermal source.An array of angle-insensitive metasurface sub-emitters that operate at various wavelengths enables a straightforward sensing method by decoding an image of the radiation intensity distribution.Accurate and robust classification of organic solvents and drug sorting,as well as quantitative concentration measurement of mixed organic solutions,were experimentally demonstrated with an imaging angle tolerance up to 40o.Moreover,spectral imaging was explored using this device,achieving distinct images of a plastic covered steel ring.By integrating the functions of light source,dispersion element and collimation unit in conventional spectroscopy platforms into such a chip-size metasurface thermal emitter,the proposed miniaturized MIR spectral sensing technique shows promising potential for portable and on-site material analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62071291,62271317)the State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration(Independent Scientific Research Program No.2025021)+4 种基金G.Hu acknowledges the Nanyang Assistant Professorship Start-up Grant,Ministry of Education(Singapore)under AcRF TIER1(RG61/23)A*STAR under its MTC YIRG Grant(Project No.M23M7c0119)NSTIC White Space Fund(M25W2NS001)Infocomm Media Development Authority under its Future Communications Research&Development Programme(Grant Number:FCP-NTU-RG-2024-025)C.Yuen acknowledges the Ministry of Education Singapore MOE Tier 2(Award number T2EP50124-0032).
文摘Increasingly complex electromagnetic environments and congested spectral resources demand the crucial frequency-selective filtering to suppress out-of-band interference during wave manipulation.Here,we present a stacked reconfigurable metasurface that achieves sharp frequency filtering together with multidimensional tunability across polarization and spectral domains.This stacking strategy decouples polarization channels and tailors near-field coupling to realize controllable frequency shifts.A transmission-line theory is analytically established to characterize and control the scattering poles and zeros under varying polarizations and bias voltages,thereby enabling the prediction of the metasurface’s tunable filtering behavior.Experiments validate dynamic polarization selection and continuous shifting of the filtering band.The measured bandpass response exhibits steep transition edges and strong out-ofband rejection,effectively isolating adjacent spectral channels.This design demonstrates the integration of tunability and selectivity across multiple wave dimensions,addressing critical demands for reconfigurability,multiplexing,and interference immunity in modern electromagnetic systems,with broad potential for smart sensing,secure communications,and radar technologies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant 52375401,52350362,52235009,and 22379012)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4609100)+1 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of China(grants cstc2021jcyj-cxttX0003)State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing(grant HPMKF202411).
文摘Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid responsiveness to dynamic environmental conditions,limiting their practical applicability.To overcome these challenges,we present an innovative approach combining ultrafast laser-induced non-volatile phase-change Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)voxel-crystallized units with electrically tunable volatile VO_(2)layers.This integration enables precise,continuous control of infrared emissivity across a wide range of 0.14 to 0.98,effectively encompassing the emissivity of most materials.A neural network-based closed-loop system is employed for sensing,intelligent decision-making,and execution,achieving real-time thermal radiation matching between the target and its environment with a response speed of 3°C/s and an accuracy of±1°C.This strategy significantly enhances the adaptability of thermal camouflage in complex environments,paving the way for practical,dynamic thermal stealth applications.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB4600400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62275100 and T2325014+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province under Grant No.20230101350JC and YDZJ202402001CXJDthe National Ten Thousand Talent Program for Young Top-notch Talentsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Solar-driven interfacial water purification(SDIWP)has emerged as a green,cost-effective,and sustainable technology for waste/sea water treatment.However,at present,innovative smart water treatment systems that enable high-efficiency water purification through multiform solar schemes are rare.Herein,we report a light-propelled photocatalytic evaporator based on semi-metallic reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/titanium carbide MXene-titanium dioxide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2))ternary hybrid foams for multischeme SDIWP.The RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam is prepared by freeze-drying induced selfassembly(FDISA)of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets by which an in-situ redox reaction between Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and GO nanosheets occurs and TiO_(2)nanoparticles are generated simultaneously.The synergistic effect leads to the formation of the semimetallic RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)framework with the Ti–O-C covalent bonding between RGO and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).Under light irradiation,the photogenerated carriers in RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)can occupy the quantum-confined graphene-like states in RGO with an average lifetime of 0.8 ps,this value is 2 orders of magnitude shorter than that of GO and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).As a result,the RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam shows photocatalytic degradation activity and photothermal conversion ability,enabling multi-scheme SDIWP.Owing to its excellent photothermal properties and quantum-confined superfluidic structures,the RGO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiO_(2)foam exhibits superior vapor generation performance(1.72 kg m^(–2)h^(–1)).Furthermore,the photocatalytic evaporator can be remotely manipulated as a floating robot for water treatment through programmable light navigation via photothermal Marangoni propulsion.This work provides a new approach for developing robotic SDIWP systems.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1200103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22273041,12174201)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(19JCZDJC31000,19JCJQJC60900,22JCYBJC01310).
文摘Highly efficient controlling the individual atomic migration is the basis of the modern atomic manufacturing.Although one-by-one atom migration can be realized precisely by STM technique,such a delicate operation is time consuming and restrictive conditions(e.g.,high-vacuum)needed to be satisfied.Here,we reported that individual metal atoms can be efficiently transferred from the nanoparticle surface to the underneath substrate via instantaneous laser irradiation under ambient conditions.By inserting self-assembled monolayer(SAM)molecules into nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPoM)structures,a pronounced resonance shift that depends on the dipole moments of the SAM molecules,was observed upon laser irradiation.Assisted by the in-situ measurement of Raman spectra,synchronously capturing dark-field(DF)scattering spectra and DF imaging,it is clarified that the laser-induced localized surface plasmons,which generates strong dipole–dipole interactions,play a critical role in triggering atomic migration.Our study opens an avenue for the highly efficient fabrication of atomic patterns.
基金supported by BrainLink program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2023-00236798)BK21 FOUR Program by Pusan National University Research Grant,2021+1 种基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(RS-2024-00336583)the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00406152).
文摘High-resolution spectroscopy unveils the fundamental physics of quantum states,molecular dynamics,and energy transfers.Ideally,a higher spectral resolution over a broader bandwidth is the prerequisite,but traditional spectroscopic techniques can only partially fulfill this requirement even with a bulky system.Here we report that a multi-frequency acousto-optic phase modulation at a chip-scale of soft polydimethylsiloxane can readily support a 200-times higher 0.5-MHz spectral resolution for the frequency-comb-based spectroscopy,while co-located plasmonic nanostructures mediate the strong light-matter interaction.These results suggest the potential of polydimethylsiloxane acousto-optic phase modulation for cost-effective,compact,multifunctional chip-scale tools in diverse applications such as quantum spectroscopy,high-finesse cavity analysis,and surface plasmonic spectroscopy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62474149the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province under Grant 2023H6038+2 种基金the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2024J01052the Suzhou Integrated Circuit Advanced Packaging Substrate Technology Innovation Consortium under Grant LHT202329the Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant 3502Z20241021.
文摘InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)have been widely recognized as one of the critical technologies for high-resolution display applications.However,achieving high-efficiency,environmental-friendly,and small-size self-emitting InGaN-based red micro-LEDs present significant challenges that impede the progress of monolithically integrated III-nitride full-color micro-LED displays.Current limitations stem from insufficient control over carrier dynamics in InGaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs),where conventional structures exhibit severe efficiency degradation due to insufficient hole injection and defect-induced nonradiative recombination.Herein,spatially-resolved in-situ hyperspectral imaging and numerical simulations demonstrate that optimized V-pit promote the effectiveness of three-dimensional current pathways and facilitate localized electric field redistribution.This improvement enhances hole injection while suppressing nonradiative recombination,this work contributes to the microstructure design in InGaN-based red LEDs.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2802700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205145,62271249)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220887)Leading-Edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20232001).
文摘The increasing demand for dispersion engineering in various photonic applications necessitates spectrometry with both kilohertz resolution and several terahertz bandwidth.A laser with sufficiently large frequency tuning range is required in traditional methods,Yielding bulky and expensive systems that are difficult to integrated on a chip.Compact,high-resolution,and broadband spectrometers are crucial,yet onchip integration,particularly of the optical source,remains challenging.Here,we propose a 5.2-THz-bandwidth miniaturized spectrometer utilizing a laser only in GHz tuning range.The laser’s tuning range is leveraged by integrated Si_(3)N_(4)soliton microcombs to achieve a 650-times larger measurement bandwidth,extending the measurement range from 1525.3 to 1566.8 nm and surpassing the optical C-band.The soliton microcomb is meticulously frequency-stabilized,achieving frequency fluctuations below 100 Hz,ensuring high frequency precision for our spectrometer.By combining optical asymmetrical double sideband modulation with soliton microcombs,we significantly enhance the spectrometer’s performance,offering higher resolution,larger dynamic range,and greater bandwidth.This optical spectrum measurement approach enabled by GHz-tunable laser opens a way to significantly simplify system complexity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62175220)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(Grant No.SKLJC-K2025-07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.G1323525012).
文摘While machine learning holds remarkable potential for designing high-quality(Q)photonic crystal(PC)cavities,its effectiveness heavily relies on the availability of thousands of data samples.This requirement necessitates substantial simulation resources and considerable time.To tackle the challenge of data scarcity in high-Q microcavity designs,we propose an innovative intelligent model for efficient data augmentation that entails merely a few hundred original samples.Notably,our novel structural reshaping strategy,involving the groundbreaking Euler-bend air-hole structure,significantly enhances the fabrication robustness,addressing the consistency difficulty associated with large-scale manufacturing of high-Q PC microcavity arrays.Silicon PC nanobeam cavities are experimentally demonstrated,featuring record-breaking loaded Q factors,large tolerance for the Euler-bend holes and extremely compact sizes of 6μm^(2).Importantly,to emphasize the on-chip high-resolution signal processing,the cavity-based microwave photonic filters(MPFs)offer unprecedented capabilities,including ultra-narrow bandwidths,an unlimited frequency tuning range and ultra-high rejection ratios using a micrometer-scale cavity.This breakthrough truly transcends the traditional limitations between the filter size,frequency resolution and tuning range.These exceptional characteristics position our MPFs with a cavity-based recordbreaking Q_(MPF)/S ratio(S:device size).
基金supported by the funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225014,82270238,21927802,22404065,62405099)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3401102,2023ZD0519900)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170296,2023M741258,2024M750994)Postdoctor Project of Hubei Province under Grant Number(2024HBBHCXA015).
文摘Axially-swept light-sheet microscopy(ASLM)has emerged as a distinguished tool for 3D imaging owing to its excellent spatial resolution.However,the acquisition time is significantly elongated due to the extra time consumed in axial scanning.Meanwhile,the spatial information provided in a single scan is fundamentally limited by the compromise between field-of-view and resolution.The overall inadequate optical throughput of current ASLM techniques impedes their widespread application in acquiring large samples.Here we demonstrate a spinning-disk-based ASLM(SDLM)approach that enables wide field-of-view(15×confocal range of the gaussian beam),isotropic 3D imaging of large organisms at 100 Hz full camera frame rate.In addition to the new optical design,we combine a recurrent neural network image restoration model to further improve the resolution of raw images.We demonstrate seconds scale stitching-free 3D imaging of the entire mouse brain(~9*8*5 mm size)at isotropic single-cell resolution(1.5μm voxel).With the high-quality data readily obtained by our approach,we also demonstrate the visualization of long projecting neurons and two genotypes of whole mouse brain cell profiling across the 3D space.Further transformation into in vivo research would broaden the application of SDLM.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404301,2024YFA1012600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62325504,62305149,92250304,62288101)Dengfeng Project B of Nanjing University.The authors acknowledge the micro-fabrication center of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures(NLSSM)for technique support.
文摘The pursuit of compact microscopy systems faces dual constraints from cascaded optical elements and sensor pixel limits.While the integration of metalens and sensor eliminates the bulky elements,the resolution remains confined by pixel-induced under-sampling.Here,we propose a computational imaging framework that synergizes a compact metalens microscope with a transformer-based neural network to achieve subpixel-resolution.To bridge the simulation-to-reality gap,we construct the first experimental dataset of metalens-acquired thyroid pathological sections images.The training strategy enables rapid(~0.2s for 110μm×110μm FOV),highfidelity(structural similarity up to 91%)reconstruction from single-frame inputs,achieving 3×spatial sampling density with a high resolution(close to the ground truth resolution of 0.87μm).We further demonstrate its scalability by implementing the trained network in a metalens array-based system,achieving wide-field(4 mm×6 mm)and high-resolution(close to the Olympus 10×/0.25NA objective)imaging,with a field of view approximately 14.5 times that of the Olympus objective.The proposed framework highlights the synergy between simplified optical hardware and computational reconstruction,paving the way for compact and intelligent microscopy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2803800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B2047)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDT23F04012F05).
文摘Large-capacity data transmission is increasingly required to meet the growing demands of big data and artificial intelligence applications.Wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)technology is a reliable method of increasing link capacity by enabling multiple wavelength signals to be transmitted in a single channel.Here,for the first time,a large-capacity transmitter on thin-film lithium tantalate-on-insulator(LTOI)is demonstrated by monolithically integrating an 8-channel WDM and Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)electro-optic modulators(EOMs).The integrated 8-channel WDM,comprised of 8 cascaded waveguide Bragg grating optical filters,realizes channel spacing of 16.8 nm,1-dB bandwidth of 15.4 nm,and thermal sensitivity of 10 pm/oC.The MZI EOMs show low direct current drift and 3-dB bandwidth beyond 67 GHz.Finally,the WDM transmitter achieves a data rate of 100 Gbps OOK and 200 Gbps PAM4 for a single channel,indicating the demonstrated total capacity of 1.6 Tbps.Therefore,the demonstrated large-capacity WDM transmitter will find many applications,such as artificial intelligence and data centers.
基金financially supported by the POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOthe Samsung Research Funding and Incubation Center for Future Technology grant(SRFC-IT1901-52)funded by Samsung Electronics+1 种基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant(RS-2024-00462912)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Korean government.H.J.K.acknowledges the NRF Ph.D.fellowship(RS-2024-00407755)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)of the Korean government.J.K.and H.Y.K.acknowledges the Asan Foundation Biomedical Science fellowship.M.C.H.J.K.,J.K.and H.Y.K.acknowledges the Presidential Science fellowship funded by the MSIT of the Korean government.J.S.acknowledges the 3·1 Foundation fellowship.
文摘Metasurfaces offer great potential to replace conventional optics by enabling multifunctionalities in compact form factors.However,their mass production remains at crossroads,as most materials compatible with scalable fabrication like nanoimprint lithography(NIL)exhibit relatively low refractive indices(~2),which limit metasurface performance and necessitate tall,high-aspect-ratio meta-atoms prone to bending and collapsing.To address these bottlenecks,we introduce a hybrid nanoparticle-embedded resin(nano-PER)structure that reduces meta-atom height and aspect ratio.By utilizing TiO2 nano-PER as the core material with thin TiO_(2)coatings,we can implement the optical properties of high refractive index with printable material,achieving a height reduction of over 27%and an aspect ratio reduction of more than 36%compared with conventional hybrid structures using nanoimprint resin.Despite the reduced dimensions,our meta-atoms exhibit high broadband properties,with an average conversion efficiency of over 72%across blue(450 nm),green(532 nm),and red(635 nm)wavelengths.Our design provides robustness in the fabrication process,demonstrated by producing a hyperbolic metalens via NIL and experimentally verifying its optical performance,with an average focusing efficiency of 51.23%.These findings mark an important advancement in scalable,highperformance metasurfaces,paving the way for their practical integration into optical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3206000)Dr.Li Dak Sum&Yip Yio Chin Development Fund for Regenerative Medicine,Zhejiang University,National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975172)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20240646.
文摘Three-photon microscopy(3PM)enables high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging in deeply situated and highly scattering biological specimens,facilitating precise characterization of biological morphology and cellular-level physiology in vivo.However,the use of fluorescent probes with relatively low three-photon absorption cross-sections necessitates high-peak-power lasers for excitation,which poses inherent risks of light-induced damage.Additionally,the low repetition frequency of these lasers prolongs scanning time per pixel,hampering imaging speed and exacerbating the potential for photodamage.Such limitations hinder the application of 3PM in studying vulnerable tissues,including muscle regeneration.To address this critical issue,we developed the Multi-Scale Attention Denoising Network(MSAD-Net),a precise and versatile denoising network suitable for diverse structures and varying noise levels.Our network enables the use of lower excitation power(1/4–1/2 of the common power:1.0–1.5 mW vs 4–6 mW)and shorter scanning time(1/6–1/4 of the common time:2–3μs/pixel vs 12μs/pixel)in 3PM while preserving image quality and tissue integrity.It achieves a structural similarity index(SSIM)of with an average of 0.9932 and a fast inference time of just 80 ms per frame which ensured both high fidelity and practicality for downstream applications.By utilizing MSAD-Net-assisted imaging,we characterize the biological morphology and functionality of muscle regeneration processes through deep in vivo five-channel imaging under low excitation power and short scanning time,while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and excellent axial spatial resolution.Furthermore,we conducted high axial-resolution dynamic imaging of vascular microcirculation,macrophages,and ghost fibers.Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying muscle regeneration at the cellular and tissue levels.
