With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from ...With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migrati...Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.展开更多
Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled subs...Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled substances.展开更多
African drylands occupied 19.6 million km~2(46%of the total global area)and 525 million people.Soil erosion models are useful for assessing the impact of soil erosion in the dryland areas.This review provides an asses...African drylands occupied 19.6 million km~2(46%of the total global area)and 525 million people.Soil erosion models are useful for assessing the impact of soil erosion in the dryland areas.This review provides an assessment of soil erosion/deposition models and soil conservation practices,which are supportive for mitigating the impact of soil erosion and maintaining soil health and soil functional services for food security in African drylands.The theories of soil erosion models and soil conservation practices provide advanced ways to understand the detailed impact of soil erosion and management solutions.The paper reviews a set of useful soil erosion models and traditional conservation practices,which can control soil erosion and enhance dryland farming systems in Africa.Soil erosion models are classified into three categories:empirical,conceptual,and physical.Soil conservation practices include reduced tillage,advanced cover crops,mechanical structures(barriers made of stones/gravel/vegetation),advanced mechanical roller-crimper technique,mixed cropping,intercropping,crop rotation systems,terracing techniques,and land modification techniques.These conservation practices are effective in controlling soil erosion,reducing soil damage,improving soil health and quality,enhancing soil fertility,and ensuring food security.The existing assessment suggests that understanding the theories of soil erosion models and soil conservation practices is a first step towards addressing soil erosion problems in African drylands.展开更多
Soil science has remained basically an agricultural science since its establishment more than a century ago.However,given its multi-dimensional connections with human society and multi-functions and services to be uti...Soil science has remained basically an agricultural science since its establishment more than a century ago.However,given its multi-dimensional connections with human society and multi-functions and services to be utilized in the future,the theoretical and technological boundary of soil science is expanding from agricultural science to newly emerged soil science sectors,which can be termed as nontraditional soil science.To build a more comprehensive and up-to-date soil science system,new description methods,recommendation standards,interpretation principles,and criteria for non-agricultural applications should be developed.展开更多
Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the acc...Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic C.However,the overall distribution patterns and underlying drivers of microbial CUE at the national scale remain unclear.Herein,data from 209 paired samples from 55 studies were analyzed to assess the distribution patterns and influencing factors of microbial CUE based on enzyme stoichiometry(CUE_(ST))in agricultural ecosystems across China.Results revealed that farmlands exhibited the highest CUE_(ST)value(mean=0.51),exceeding those of grasslands(0.46)and forests(0.44).Contrasting patterns of CUE_(ST)regulation were observed across land-use types,with farmlands showing significant(P<0.001)positive relationships of CUE_(ST)with phosphorus vs.nitrogen(N/P)limitation index,while grasslands and forests demonstrated inverse(P<0.05)relationships of CUE_(ST)with C limitation index.Nutrient stoichiometry emerged as the dominant driver of CUE_(ST),with enzyme ratios and mean annual precipitation playing secondary roles.Moreover,land management practices,including fertilization,grazing,and tillage,as well as land-use transition,significantly influenced microbial CUE_(ST)by potentially altering nutrient availability and soil properties;notably,water addition in grasslands had particularly positive effects.These findings provide a critical foundation for harnessing microbial CUE in agriculture and may inform scalable strategies to enhance soil C sequestration and climate-smart land management.展开更多
Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,201...Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,2014).Urea in soils is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium by urease secreted from ureolytic microorganisms,and then assimilated by plants and microbes or involved in other N cycling pathways,including aerobic and anaerobic ammoxidation(Mobley et al.,1995;Pajares and Bohannan,2016).展开更多
Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and s...Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).展开更多
The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-...The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for improving soil fertility and plant growth.Beneficial microorganisms,including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),mycorrhizal fungi,and other soil organisms,play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling,organic matter decomposition,and nutrient availability improvement.This review explores the potential of leveraging microbial resources for sustainable soil nutrient management and resilient crop production.It delves into the intricate interactions between host plants and PGPR,particularly under nutrient-limited and fluctuating environmental conditions,with a focus on the molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating these relationships.Furthermore,it emphasizes the role of advanced techniques and PGPR-responsive microRNAs to uncover the functional capabilities of microbial communities and their dynamic interactions with plants.These approaches pave the way for developing innovative,microbe-based strategies to optimize nutrient use efficiency,reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizers,and support sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such a...Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such as carbamates and organophosphates,due to their presumed limited impact on the environment and human health.However,neonicotinoids have since been detected in soils,surface waters,groundwater,food,and various human biological samples.Moreover,they have been shown to negatively affect aquatic organisms,including aquatic insects,crustaceans,mollusks,fish,algae/macrophytes,and amphibians.Epidemiological studies and human biomonitoring research have revealed both acute and chronic health effects,ranging from respiratory,cardiovascular,and neurological symptoms to congenital abnormalities.This review examines the effects of neonicotinoids,their ecological consequences,and the potential risks associated with human exposure.展开更多
Agriculture,which serves as the foundation of human civilization,faces threats from multiple sources,including pests,soil erosion,and unpredictable weather patterns.These challenges can affect agricultural productivit...Agriculture,which serves as the foundation of human civilization,faces threats from multiple sources,including pests,soil erosion,and unpredictable weather patterns.These challenges can affect agricultural productivity,food security,and environmental sustainability.Among the solutions,microbial metabolites can provide hope.These secondary metabolites are naturally produced by microorganisms during metabolism and consist of a broad range of compounds with varied roles,acting as biofertilizers,biopesticides,and plant growth promoters and thereby assuring sustainable agriculture.These metabolites help to liberate nutrients and improve soil structure.They are also important biocontrol agents for reducing plant pathogens and pests.These metabolites are essential for nutrient cycling,soil fertility,and crop productivity.There are many advantages to using microbial metabolites in agriculture,such as low dependence on chemical pesticides and fertilizers,increased crop productivity,and improved crop health.The challenges of production,formulation,consistency,and regulatory framework must be resolved before the microbial metabolites can be widely accepted.The future of agriculture will be shaped by advancements in microbial metabolite research,integrated with cutting-edge agricultural technologies and supported by aligned administrative policies.In summary,it is well established that microbial metabolites possess the capacity that significantly transform agriculture.Integrating the inherent potential of natural solutions can help create more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems that can protect food security,promote environmental sustainability,and ensure the future of future generations.展开更多
Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interaction...Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
The 23rd World Congress of Soil Science(23rd WCSS),to be held on June 7-12,2026 in Nanjing,China,marks a historic coming of this century-old scientific gathering to one of the world's ancient agricultural civiliza...The 23rd World Congress of Soil Science(23rd WCSS),to be held on June 7-12,2026 in Nanjing,China,marks a historic coming of this century-old scientific gathering to one of the world's ancient agricultural civilizations.Since its inception in1927,this will be the first time the Congress is hosted in China,a land whose agricultural resilience has been nurtured by millennia of soil stewardship.展开更多
Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from co...Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from coal mining activities cause significant concerns worldwide,posing serious risks to ecosystems,human health,and vegetation.Restoration of quality of soil contaminated by toxic metals from coal mining is challenging due to the continuous increase in the concentration of toxic metals such as lead,copper,chromium,cadmium,and arsenic within the soil matrix.Conventional approaches utilized for the remediation of soil are often time-consuming and labour-intensive.In addition,they may lead to secondary pollution,particularly when applied at a large scale.Phytoremediation,a technique that utilizes plants with high metal accumulation capacity,has surfaced as a promising,eco-friendly strategy for remediating soil contaminated with toxic metals.These plants can absorb and sequester metals into above-and belowground tissues or stabilize them into less bioavailable forms within the rhizosphere.Species from families such as Brassicaceae and Asteraceae have demonstrated notable effectiveness in phytoremediation applications.The efficiency of phytoremediation can be further enhanced by applying organic and inorganic soil amendments to increase metal bioavailability and plant uptake.Moreover,genetic engineering has enabled the development of plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation capacities.Complementing these approaches,microbial phytoremediation employs plant-associated microbes to facilitate metal uptake and transformation,increasing the overall remediation efficiency.Following remediation,biomass is proposed for value-added applications,including biochar,biogas,and recovery of metals for industrial reuse.This review summarizes the current progress,emerging strategies,and future prospects of phytoremediation for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining-affected soils.Altogether,these approaches illustrate the potential of integrating circular bioeconomy principles in transforming phytoremediation as a sustainable strategy for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining regions.展开更多
Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global preva...Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics i...Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.展开更多
Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and...Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and weakens agricultural resilience.Studies indicate that contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants,radioactive elements,dyes,and potentially toxic elements,particularly from mining and industrial activities,significantly degrade soil fertility,impair plant health,and introduce harmful residues into the food chain.This contamination compromises food safety and diminishes agricultural productivity,posing a serious challenge to sustainability.Addressing these impacts requires sustainable industrial practices,advanced technologies,and eco-friendly remediation techniques.Solutions like biochar applications,precision farming,and artificial intelligence(AI)-driven pollution detection provide effective measures for restoring soil health,protecting crop integrity,and ensuring the resilience of rice farming.These approaches align rice cultivation with global sustainability goals by integrating sustainable soil and water management,adaptive crop selection,and AI innovations.Protecting rice cultivation upholds farmer livelihoods and strengthens global commitments to SDGs Zero Hunger and a resilient,safe food supply,underscoring the essential balance between industrial progress and sustainable rice cultivation.展开更多
With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pes...With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields.However,their continuous and excessive use has caused significant harm to non-target organisms,including humans,while also leading to a severe decline in soil health due to their indiscriminate and unbalanced application.Hence,serious efforts are needed to control this mounting problem of soil and environmental pollution.One effective strategy involves using microorganisms capable of solubilizing nutrients and breaking down pesticides.These microorganisms improve crop nutrient absorption by solubilizing essential nutrients and simultaneously degrade pesticide residues in soil.Utilizing this ability of microorganisms to degrade agrochemicals,microbial remediation offers a dependable and economical method for reducing the effects of such unwarranted contaminants.This review presents an extensive overview of pesticide use as well as microorganisms in soil as pesticide degraders,nutrient mobilizers(phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P),potassium(K),and zinc(Zn)),and plant growth promoters for preventing the unsustainable exploitation of natural reserves.This review aims to highlight the diverse benefits these microorganisms offer across various domains while presenting an exciting opportunity to advance sustainable agriculture and firstly establishes a connection between nutrient solubilization and pesticide degradation mediated by microorganisms.It also offers a comprehensive bibliographic review of the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for solubilizing nutrients,such as P,K,and Zn,and degrading pesticides as well.展开更多
Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development...Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development,and reproduction.For instance,under high temperature stress,plant photosynthetic efficiency is reduced due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species,denaturation of heat shock proteins,and alterations in various enzyme activities.Unlike drought stress,plants have developed only a few mechanisms to mitigate heat stress.Utilization of S is one of the efficient strategies to enhance plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses.Plant-derived S-containing secondary metabolites play a vital role in plant-pest and plant-disease interactions in various plants.However,little is known about the roles of S and its management strategies in response to disease attack in wheat and barley under climate change.A deeper understanding of S-based strategies could contribute to sustaining plant health and productivity,thereby supporting global wheat and barley yields in the face of increasing climate change challenges.This review therefore focuses on the roles of S and associated management strategies utilized to support plant growth,development,and reproduction and enhance disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses in wheat and barley under climate change.展开更多
Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosph...Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.展开更多
基金University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.220520018204)for completion of this work。
文摘With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1500304)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,China(No.GZC20232641)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2024M753215)。
文摘Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled substances.
基金part of the project on soil and water management approved and supported by the Department of Agronomy,Nasarawa State University,Keffi(NSUK),Nigeria。
文摘African drylands occupied 19.6 million km~2(46%of the total global area)and 525 million people.Soil erosion models are useful for assessing the impact of soil erosion in the dryland areas.This review provides an assessment of soil erosion/deposition models and soil conservation practices,which are supportive for mitigating the impact of soil erosion and maintaining soil health and soil functional services for food security in African drylands.The theories of soil erosion models and soil conservation practices provide advanced ways to understand the detailed impact of soil erosion and management solutions.The paper reviews a set of useful soil erosion models and traditional conservation practices,which can control soil erosion and enhance dryland farming systems in Africa.Soil erosion models are classified into three categories:empirical,conceptual,and physical.Soil conservation practices include reduced tillage,advanced cover crops,mechanical structures(barriers made of stones/gravel/vegetation),advanced mechanical roller-crimper technique,mixed cropping,intercropping,crop rotation systems,terracing techniques,and land modification techniques.These conservation practices are effective in controlling soil erosion,reducing soil damage,improving soil health and quality,enhancing soil fertility,and ensuring food security.The existing assessment suggests that understanding the theories of soil erosion models and soil conservation practices is a first step towards addressing soil erosion problems in African drylands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130715)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD1500101)。
文摘Soil science has remained basically an agricultural science since its establishment more than a century ago.However,given its multi-dimensional connections with human society and multi-functions and services to be utilized in the future,the theoretical and technological boundary of soil science is expanding from agricultural science to newly emerged soil science sectors,which can be termed as nontraditional soil science.To build a more comprehensive and up-to-date soil science system,new description methods,recommendation standards,interpretation principles,and criteria for non-agricultural applications should be developed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42225706,42377297,42407408,42177283)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2662023PY010)the support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZB20230246)。
文摘Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic C.However,the overall distribution patterns and underlying drivers of microbial CUE at the national scale remain unclear.Herein,data from 209 paired samples from 55 studies were analyzed to assess the distribution patterns and influencing factors of microbial CUE based on enzyme stoichiometry(CUE_(ST))in agricultural ecosystems across China.Results revealed that farmlands exhibited the highest CUE_(ST)value(mean=0.51),exceeding those of grasslands(0.46)and forests(0.44).Contrasting patterns of CUE_(ST)regulation were observed across land-use types,with farmlands showing significant(P<0.001)positive relationships of CUE_(ST)with phosphorus vs.nitrogen(N/P)limitation index,while grasslands and forests demonstrated inverse(P<0.05)relationships of CUE_(ST)with C limitation index.Nutrient stoichiometry emerged as the dominant driver of CUE_(ST),with enzyme ratios and mean annual precipitation playing secondary roles.Moreover,land management practices,including fertilization,grazing,and tillage,as well as land-use transition,significantly influenced microbial CUE_(ST)by potentially altering nutrient availability and soil properties;notably,water addition in grasslands had particularly positive effects.These findings provide a critical foundation for harnessing microbial CUE in agriculture and may inform scalable strategies to enhance soil C sequestration and climate-smart land management.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42020104003)。
文摘Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,2014).Urea in soils is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium by urease secreted from ureolytic microorganisms,and then assimilated by plants and microbes or involved in other N cycling pathways,including aerobic and anaerobic ammoxidation(Mobley et al.,1995;Pajares and Bohannan,2016).
基金financially supported by the Bordeaux Wine Interprofessional Council(French acronym CIVB)in the framework of the EXTRACUIVRE projectby the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)in the framework of the COPOFTEA projectpartially supported by the TSU Program Priority 2030,Russia。
文摘Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).
基金supported by project OLP116.CSIR-NBRI allotted the manuscript number CSIR-NBRI_MS/2025/06/15。
文摘The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for improving soil fertility and plant growth.Beneficial microorganisms,including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),mycorrhizal fungi,and other soil organisms,play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling,organic matter decomposition,and nutrient availability improvement.This review explores the potential of leveraging microbial resources for sustainable soil nutrient management and resilient crop production.It delves into the intricate interactions between host plants and PGPR,particularly under nutrient-limited and fluctuating environmental conditions,with a focus on the molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating these relationships.Furthermore,it emphasizes the role of advanced techniques and PGPR-responsive microRNAs to uncover the functional capabilities of microbial communities and their dynamic interactions with plants.These approaches pave the way for developing innovative,microbe-based strategies to optimize nutrient use efficiency,reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizers,and support sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such as carbamates and organophosphates,due to their presumed limited impact on the environment and human health.However,neonicotinoids have since been detected in soils,surface waters,groundwater,food,and various human biological samples.Moreover,they have been shown to negatively affect aquatic organisms,including aquatic insects,crustaceans,mollusks,fish,algae/macrophytes,and amphibians.Epidemiological studies and human biomonitoring research have revealed both acute and chronic health effects,ranging from respiratory,cardiovascular,and neurological symptoms to congenital abnormalities.This review examines the effects of neonicotinoids,their ecological consequences,and the potential risks associated with human exposure.
基金the Graphic Era(deemed to be University),Indiathe Invertis University,India+4 种基金the NIMS University,Indiathe Dayalbagh Educational Institute,Indiathe Teerthankar Mahaveer University,Indiathe Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(deemed to be University),Indiathe Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora,Mexico for their support。
文摘Agriculture,which serves as the foundation of human civilization,faces threats from multiple sources,including pests,soil erosion,and unpredictable weather patterns.These challenges can affect agricultural productivity,food security,and environmental sustainability.Among the solutions,microbial metabolites can provide hope.These secondary metabolites are naturally produced by microorganisms during metabolism and consist of a broad range of compounds with varied roles,acting as biofertilizers,biopesticides,and plant growth promoters and thereby assuring sustainable agriculture.These metabolites help to liberate nutrients and improve soil structure.They are also important biocontrol agents for reducing plant pathogens and pests.These metabolites are essential for nutrient cycling,soil fertility,and crop productivity.There are many advantages to using microbial metabolites in agriculture,such as low dependence on chemical pesticides and fertilizers,increased crop productivity,and improved crop health.The challenges of production,formulation,consistency,and regulatory framework must be resolved before the microbial metabolites can be widely accepted.The future of agriculture will be shaped by advancements in microbial metabolite research,integrated with cutting-edge agricultural technologies and supported by aligned administrative policies.In summary,it is well established that microbial metabolites possess the capacity that significantly transform agriculture.Integrating the inherent potential of natural solutions can help create more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems that can protect food security,promote environmental sustainability,and ensure the future of future generations.
基金supported by the Construction of High Quality and Efficient Mechanized Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Team of Characteristic Coarse Cereals in Guizhou Province,China(No.BQW[2024]009)the Research and Integrated Application of Key Technologies of Green and High Yield in Characteristic Mountain Agriculture,China(No.[2023]07)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(No.[2022]091)。
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.
文摘The 23rd World Congress of Soil Science(23rd WCSS),to be held on June 7-12,2026 in Nanjing,China,marks a historic coming of this century-old scientific gathering to one of the world's ancient agricultural civilizations.Since its inception in1927,this will be the first time the Congress is hosted in China,a land whose agricultural resilience has been nurtured by millennia of soil stewardship.
基金Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University,Andhra Pradesh,India for providing fellowship。
文摘Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from coal mining activities cause significant concerns worldwide,posing serious risks to ecosystems,human health,and vegetation.Restoration of quality of soil contaminated by toxic metals from coal mining is challenging due to the continuous increase in the concentration of toxic metals such as lead,copper,chromium,cadmium,and arsenic within the soil matrix.Conventional approaches utilized for the remediation of soil are often time-consuming and labour-intensive.In addition,they may lead to secondary pollution,particularly when applied at a large scale.Phytoremediation,a technique that utilizes plants with high metal accumulation capacity,has surfaced as a promising,eco-friendly strategy for remediating soil contaminated with toxic metals.These plants can absorb and sequester metals into above-and belowground tissues or stabilize them into less bioavailable forms within the rhizosphere.Species from families such as Brassicaceae and Asteraceae have demonstrated notable effectiveness in phytoremediation applications.The efficiency of phytoremediation can be further enhanced by applying organic and inorganic soil amendments to increase metal bioavailability and plant uptake.Moreover,genetic engineering has enabled the development of plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation capacities.Complementing these approaches,microbial phytoremediation employs plant-associated microbes to facilitate metal uptake and transformation,increasing the overall remediation efficiency.Following remediation,biomass is proposed for value-added applications,including biochar,biogas,and recovery of metals for industrial reuse.This review summarizes the current progress,emerging strategies,and future prospects of phytoremediation for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining-affected soils.Altogether,these approaches illustrate the potential of integrating circular bioeconomy principles in transforming phytoremediation as a sustainable strategy for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining regions.
基金the University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.191620133242)。
文摘Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.
基金the National Research Foundation of South Africa(No.PMDS230608115010)the University of Fort Hare Postgraduate Office for their financial support awarded to Vuyo Qasha。
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.
文摘Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and weakens agricultural resilience.Studies indicate that contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants,radioactive elements,dyes,and potentially toxic elements,particularly from mining and industrial activities,significantly degrade soil fertility,impair plant health,and introduce harmful residues into the food chain.This contamination compromises food safety and diminishes agricultural productivity,posing a serious challenge to sustainability.Addressing these impacts requires sustainable industrial practices,advanced technologies,and eco-friendly remediation techniques.Solutions like biochar applications,precision farming,and artificial intelligence(AI)-driven pollution detection provide effective measures for restoring soil health,protecting crop integrity,and ensuring the resilience of rice farming.These approaches align rice cultivation with global sustainability goals by integrating sustainable soil and water management,adaptive crop selection,and AI innovations.Protecting rice cultivation upholds farmer livelihoods and strengthens global commitments to SDGs Zero Hunger and a resilient,safe food supply,underscoring the essential balance between industrial progress and sustainable rice cultivation.
基金the University Grant Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India,for supporting this work by providing a fellowship under the scheme of National Eligibility Test for Junior Research Fellowship(NET-JRF),India(No.210510284434)Financial support from the Core Research Grant by Science and Engineering Research Board,India(No.SERB-CRG/2022/002534)is appreciated。
文摘With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields.However,their continuous and excessive use has caused significant harm to non-target organisms,including humans,while also leading to a severe decline in soil health due to their indiscriminate and unbalanced application.Hence,serious efforts are needed to control this mounting problem of soil and environmental pollution.One effective strategy involves using microorganisms capable of solubilizing nutrients and breaking down pesticides.These microorganisms improve crop nutrient absorption by solubilizing essential nutrients and simultaneously degrade pesticide residues in soil.Utilizing this ability of microorganisms to degrade agrochemicals,microbial remediation offers a dependable and economical method for reducing the effects of such unwarranted contaminants.This review presents an extensive overview of pesticide use as well as microorganisms in soil as pesticide degraders,nutrient mobilizers(phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P),potassium(K),and zinc(Zn)),and plant growth promoters for preventing the unsustainable exploitation of natural reserves.This review aims to highlight the diverse benefits these microorganisms offer across various domains while presenting an exciting opportunity to advance sustainable agriculture and firstly establishes a connection between nutrient solubilization and pesticide degradation mediated by microorganisms.It also offers a comprehensive bibliographic review of the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for solubilizing nutrients,such as P,K,and Zn,and degrading pesticides as well.
基金supported by the Kadyrov Chechen State University Development Program,Russia。
文摘Climate change profoundly influences sulfur(S)nutrition,which plays a crucial role in plant growth,development,and responses to diseases.Climate-induced stress may impair plant growth,photosynthesis,pollen development,and reproduction.For instance,under high temperature stress,plant photosynthetic efficiency is reduced due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species,denaturation of heat shock proteins,and alterations in various enzyme activities.Unlike drought stress,plants have developed only a few mechanisms to mitigate heat stress.Utilization of S is one of the efficient strategies to enhance plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses.Plant-derived S-containing secondary metabolites play a vital role in plant-pest and plant-disease interactions in various plants.However,little is known about the roles of S and its management strategies in response to disease attack in wheat and barley under climate change.A deeper understanding of S-based strategies could contribute to sustaining plant health and productivity,thereby supporting global wheat and barley yields in the face of increasing climate change challenges.This review therefore focuses on the roles of S and associated management strategies utilized to support plant growth,development,and reproduction and enhance disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses in wheat and barley under climate change.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207148)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Quanzhou,China(Nos.2025QZNS002 and 2022N030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2022J01573)the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province,China(No.JAT210042)the Open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(Nos.HY202201 and HY202202)。
文摘Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.
