The current definition of health of the World Health Organization (WHO), formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or in...The current definition of health of the World Health Organization (WHO), formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.[1] Although, this formulation was been revolutionary because it overcame the negative definition of health as the absence of disease and included physical, mental and social domains, it has been partially criticized over the past 60 years. This definition is in fact referred to the disease acute pattern, which is transient and limited in the time. Today, the number of people living with chronic diseases for decades is increasing worldwide.展开更多
Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important health problem in Asia. We examined it using its clinical symptoms to predict DF. Methods: We extracted statistically significant features from 17 DF-related clinical symp...Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important health problem in Asia. We examined it using its clinical symptoms to predict DF. Methods: We extracted statistically significant features from 17 DF-related clinical symptoms in 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF) using the unweighted summation score and the non-parametric HT person fit statistic, which jointly combine the weighted score (yielded by logistic regression) to predict DF risk. Results: Six symptoms (Family History, Fever 39C, Skin Rash, Petechiae, Abdominal Pain, and Weakness) significantly predicted DF. When a cutoff point of 1.03 (p = 0.26) suggested combining the weighted score and the HT coefficient, the sensitivity was 0.91 and the specificity was 0.76. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88, which was a better predictor: specificity was 5.56% higher than for the traditional logistic regression. Conclusions: Six simple symptoms analyzed using logistic regression were useful and valid for early detection of DF risk in children. A better predictive specificity increased after combining the non-parametric HT coefficient to the weighted regression score. A self-assessment using patient smart phones is available to discriminate DF and may eliminate the need for a costly and time-consuming dengue laboratory test.展开更多
Background: Health behavior (HB) is an action taken by a person who pursues good health and prevents illness. Health behavior, thus, reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts, particularly, on published papers ...Background: Health behavior (HB) is an action taken by a person who pursues good health and prevents illness. Health behavior, thus, reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts, particularly, on published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author (MIA) with highly-cited papers on HB remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the authorship-weighted scheme (AWS) developed by authors to select the MIA on HB using the visual displays on Google Maps. Methods: We obtained 1,116 abstracts published between 2012 and 2016 from Medline based on the keywords of (health [Title]) and (behavior [Title] or behavior [Title]) on September 22, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and Pubmed paper IDs were recorded. The AWS was applied to (1) select the most productive authors (MPA) using social network analysis (SNA);(2) discover the MIA using h-indexes and author impact factors (AIF) dispersed on Google Maps, and (3) display the countries/areas distributed for the x-index in geography. Pajek software was performed to determine the partition categories of clusters. Results: We found that the MPA and MIA are Matthew K Nock (US) and Erika A Waters (US) for the MPA and MIA, respectively. All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential countries are the US (=19.03) and Australia (=6.46) with the highest x-indexes. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Many individual researchers achievements (IRA) were determined using h-index, AIF, x-index, or other bibliometric indices without quantifying author contributions. We demonstrated visualized representations on Google Maps using the AWS developed by authors to measure authors influences in a specific discipline. The research approach using the AWS to quantify the authors contributions can be applied to measure IRA in the future.展开更多
Central nervous system involvement in hydatidosis is rare compared to other somatic localizations: 1-5%. It is schematically divided into two major types: cerebral involvement and spinal involvement. The brain is a ra...Central nervous system involvement in hydatidosis is rare compared to other somatic localizations: 1-5%. It is schematically divided into two major types: cerebral involvement and spinal involvement. The brain is a rare localization of hydatid cyst accounting for only 2% of all hydatid disease. The psychiatric manifestations revealing cerebral hydatidosis remain exceptional and often unrecognized and neglected by practitioners despite their potential severity. We report two original observations of fatal cerebral hydatidosis revealed by behavior change (psychomotor agitation, aggressiveness, persecutory delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations) insufficiently explored in two women aged 45 and 17. The possibility of cerebral hydatidosis must always be evoked in front of any psychiatric symptomatology that remains unexplained in endemic areas for echinococcosis.展开更多
Background:Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts many published pap...Background:Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts many published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author (MIA) remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm of between centrality(BC) in social network analysis (SNA) to select the MIA on the topic of health behavior using the visual displays on Google Maps. Methods: We obtained 3,593 abstracts from Medline based on the keywords of (health [Title]) and (behavior [Title] or behaviour [Title]) on June 30, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and author-defined keywords were recorded. The BCs were applied to (1) select the MIA using SNA;(2) display the countries/areas distributed for the 1st author in geography,(3) discover the author clusters dispersed on Google Maps, and (4) investigate the keywords dispersed for the cluster related to the MIA on a dashboard. Pajek software was performed to yield the BC for each entity (or say node). Results: We found that the MIA is Spring, Bonnie (US). All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential country and the keywords are the US and health behavior. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships with the pattern of international author collaborations. If incorporated with Google Maps, the dashboard can release much more information regarding our interesting topics for us in academics. The research approach using the BC to identify the same author names can be applied to other bibliometric analyses in the future.展开更多
Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effect...Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual skills training on marital satisfaction. Methods: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test type along with a control group. The research samples included 14 couples (28 people) who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to evaluate the effect of sexual medicine intervention. Interventions were provided to the experimental group during 9 sessions. Control group did not receive any interventions during this time. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that sexual skills training increased marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Thus, based on the results obtained and the importance of sexual skills training in increasing marital satisfaction, psychotherapists and counselors are recommended to use this intervention to reduce marital problems and increase satisfaction in couples.展开更多
Despite the very high burden of malaria among children in Borno state, the proportion of those who receive standard treatment has been very low. This study aimed to determine malaria knowledge, attitude towards preven...Despite the very high burden of malaria among children in Borno state, the proportion of those who receive standard treatment has been very low. This study aimed to determine malaria knowledge, attitude towards prevention, and health care seeking behaviours of parents or caregivers of children presenting with fever at the paediatric clinic of a secondary-level hospital in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain information from the respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from the parents or caregivers of children presented to the Paediatric clinic with history of fever, and analysed in SPSS. A total of 331 respondents were finally recruited into the study. The ages of the children ranged from one to fourteen years. Some of them (15.3%) were internally displaced persons (IDPs). As many as 90.7% and 91.9% of the respondents believed that malaria is a life-threatening illness, and ITNs could prevent malaria, respectively. Less than a half of them (42.3%) had immediately brought their children to the hospital once they detected the fever. At the hospital, only 202 (60.7%) of the children had had malaria parasite test done on them, of which 89.1% tested positive. Permanent residents were more likely to promptly take their children to the hospital, one they detected fever, compared to IDPs ( 2=12.401, df =1, p=0.002). There is the need for promoting early presentation of febrile children to health centres, and also promoting routine malaria tests for febrile persons.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases...This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases among older people in China as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly related to lower risk of hypertension. Taking PA maybe an instructive factor to reduce the risk of being hypertensive. We randomly selected Beijing community residents aged 65 and above (n = 400), collected data comprising level of PA (low, moderate, high), blood pressure, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature. Five logistic regression models adjusted for different modifiers were used to estimate the association between hypertension and PA. The prevalence of hypertension was 96.88%, 78.57% and 73.66% among subjects with low, moderate and high level of PA respectively. Lower diastolic BP was observed for elder people with higher level of PA (p<0.01). We observed a strong and statistically significant association between moderate (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.74) or high (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.57) level of PA and lower risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). PA is a protective factor for hypertension among older Beijing people, which suggests elderly people be encouraged to actively engage in PA, if body conditions permit.展开更多
Self-compassion refers to a positive, kind attitude of a person toward oneself when confronted with difficulties. A self-compassionate coping style may buffer against the development of psychological problems. Aim was...Self-compassion refers to a positive, kind attitude of a person toward oneself when confronted with difficulties. A self-compassionate coping style may buffer against the development of psychological problems. Aim was to introduce a new, 4-item measure for Self-compassion and to test its psychometric properties. In addition, its relationships with Neff’s Self Compassion Scale (SCS) and with the HADS depression and anxiety scales were studied, in an adult general population sample. The results showed that the SCCM had a high reliability, confirming internal validity. In addition, the SCCM was strongly related to all subscales and total score of the SCS, suggesting construct validity. Finally, also strong relationships were found with symptoms of depression and anxiety, suggesting criterion validity. The SCCM might therefore be considered a valuable and reliable tool in the study of self-compassion associated with mental-health problems, while it also might provide us with targets for intervention.展开更多
With pharmaceutical companies’ repeated failures at finding effective interventions for Alzheimer’s disease, together with an increasing reliance on the growing Federal funding for research, there is an emergent opp...With pharmaceutical companies’ repeated failures at finding effective interventions for Alzheimer’s disease, together with an increasing reliance on the growing Federal funding for research, there is an emergent opportunity for financing alternate research through crowdfunding. Crowdfundingwhere funding is obtained from small donations from a large group of peoplehas become a new source of funding for medical research. By understanding how the research community has evolved to study Alzheimer’s disease the pitfalls of this strategy can be highlighted. Alzheimer’s disease research is complex. From its inception in the early 1900s, Alzheimer’s disease has been at the center of movement within psychiatry to define the disease on the basis of its biology. Recent emphasisthrough the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), RDoC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) as well as the more recent Framework from the U.S. National Institute on Aginghave supported an exclusive emphasis on biology. But by excluding other aspects of the disease, such as its clinical expression, this research approach will be shown to be faulty and contradictory. So far this approach has resulted in 100% failures. By examining the historical and financial circumstances of the industry centered on Alzheimer’s disease a strong warning is given to the public to mistrust crowdfunding Alzheimer’s disease research. A broader and more inclusive approach is likely to generate a better understanding of the disease and therefore hold better promise for understanding the disease in the long term. Such a nuance approach competes badly with the more binary search for a cure and is less receptive to public support through crowdfunding.展开更多
The health mobility is a right of the citizens that they can turn to any structure, without territorial restrictions, to look for an answer to their needs. Often produces inappropriateness and increases costs without ...The health mobility is a right of the citizens that they can turn to any structure, without territorial restrictions, to look for an answer to their needs. Often produces inappropriateness and increases costs without affecting the quality of care. The purpose of this work is to study in depth the phenomenon of passive hospital mobility of Calabrian citizens through detailed and comparative analysis relating to the years 2014 and 2015, and the analysis of inappropriateness.展开更多
A mini-review is presented for the evidence of growth-inhibitory effects of several psychoneurotropic drugs and glucocorticoids on developing animals and humans, together with our own data obtained in experimental mod...A mini-review is presented for the evidence of growth-inhibitory effects of several psychoneurotropic drugs and glucocorticoids on developing animals and humans, together with our own data obtained in experimental models, as well as in epidemiologic studies confirming female predominance in morbidity caused by affective disorders and in consumption of some psychoneurotropic drugs. The emerging concepts of pharmacotoxicologic programming/imprinting and embedding are discussed, justifying the necessity of regional DOHaD centers.展开更多
Many studies have indicated a relationship between smoking cessation and a history of depression. However, few studies have examined the association between smoking cessation and current depression and even fewer evid...Many studies have indicated a relationship between smoking cessation and a history of depression. However, few studies have examined the association between smoking cessation and current depression and even fewer evidence come from China's Mainland. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking quitters, the correlates of successful smoking cessation, and its relationship with depressive symptoms in Northwest China. Methods: A total of 7,644 subjects who met the study’s entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban areas of three provinces in Northwest China and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including basic characteristics of households and detailed information on family members. All respondents provided informed consent. Results: people with depression symptom have a more than 1.5-fold risk of abstinence from smoking than those without depression (OR=1.54;95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models reach statistical significance (x2=13.2, p<0.001). Smoking quitters have a more than 1.5-fold risk of having depressive symptoms than current smokers (OR=1.54;95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models is also statistically significant (x2=6449.85, p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking quitters in urban areas of Northwest China is very low. After controlling certain confounders, smoking cessation is associated with current depressive symptoms. More rigorous surveys are needed to elucidate the barriers to smoking cessation in China. Government bodies in China should implement appropriate strategies and execute effective measures to mitigate its harmful consequences.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals across their life cycle—from productionto disposal—in the context of increasing concerns about sustainability in healthcare systems.Utilizin...This study aims to investigate the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals across their life cycle—from productionto disposal—in the context of increasing concerns about sustainability in healthcare systems.Utilizing a narrativereview approach,data from recent scientific literature and policy documents were analyzed to assess the extentof pharmaceutical pollution,its ecological consequences,and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies.Theanalysis revealed that pharmaceutical residues,particularly non-metabolized active pharmaceutical ingredients,have been shown to contribute to aquatic pollution and biodiversity loss in multiple studies,with evidence of effectson certain species and ecosystems.Emissions from pharmaceutical production account for approximately 4.4%of global carbon emissions,while inadequate disposal practices exacerbate environmental contamination.Moreover,specific drug classes,such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,hormones,and anticancer agents,pose heightened ecotoxicological risks,including endocrine disruption and antimicrobial resistance.The studyhighlights promising mitigation strategies,including solvent recovery technologies,green packaging,advancedwastewater treatments,and innovations such as biodegradable drugs and AI-driven telemedicine.Case studiesfrom companies such as Merck,Sanofi,and AstraZeneca demonstrate the feasibility of integrating sustainabilityinto pharmaceutical operations.The findings underscore the urgent need for regulatory frameworks that incorporateenvironmental criteria into health technology assessments,in alignment with the EU Green Deal and Agenda 2030.These insights contribute to the One Health perspective,emphasizing the interdependence between environmentalprotection,public health,and pharmaceutical innovation.展开更多
This study aimed to monitor clinical isolate susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in 31 provinces or cities of China in 2024.Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from 74 hospita...This study aimed to monitor clinical isolate susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in 31 provinces or cities of China in 2024.Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from 74 hospitals was tested using disc diffusion automated systems.The data were interpreted using the 2024 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints.A total of 458,271 clinical isolates were collected,of which 28.3%were Gram-positive and 71.7%were Gram-negative.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,S.epidermidis,and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strain prevalence was 28.4%,76.5%,and 70.2%,respectively.No vancomycin-resistant clinical Staphylococcus spp.were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than E.faecium,with a few vancomycin-resistant strains of both identified.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 97.5%in isolates from children and 96.1%in those from adults.The carbapenem resistance rate was<15.0%for most Enterobacterales species except Klebsiella;22.6%and 23.4%of Klebsiella were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Most Enterobacterales were highly susceptible to tigecycline(≤3.1%)and colistin(≤4.2%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa imipenem and meropenem resistance rates were 21.3%and 17.3%,respectively;those of Acinetobacter baumannii were 64.5%and 64.7%,respectively.In 2024,antimicrobial resistance in clinically isolated bacteria in major regions of China remained high.Antimicrobial agents must be rationally selected based on monitoring to effectively control the development of bacterial resistance.展开更多
One Health still suffers from the lack of commitment of environmental sectors and disciplines,but benefits from internationalrecognition and the capacity to mobilize intersectoral collaboration,while planetary health ...One Health still suffers from the lack of commitment of environmental sectors and disciplines,but benefits from internationalrecognition and the capacity to mobilize intersectoral collaboration,while planetary health demonstrates itscapacity to integrate environmental factors and to foster communities of practice that link global health,environmentaljustice and planetary drivers.Planetary Health has the potential to revitalize One Health by ensuring deeper environmentalintegration and fostering the transformative ecological and societal changes,based on scientific evidences,needed to address today’s interconnected environmental and health crises.展开更多
Globally,the livestock sector plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and nutrition while supporting livelihoods of millions.However,antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a serious threat to the availability,acces...Globally,the livestock sector plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and nutrition while supporting livelihoods of millions.However,antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a serious threat to the availability,accessibility,and safety of livestock-derived products.AMR has significant impacts on society in the form of increased mortality,rising healthcare costs,loss in Gross Domestic Product,and driving large populations into poverty by Rendering Many treatment options ineffective.The impact of AMR is projected to rise globally,with over ten million related deaths predicted annually by 2050—equivalent to the current global annual death toll from cancer.The challenge with AMR is its rapid evolution,outpacing our capacity to manage it.Livestock farming systems are a major source of AMR transmission,driven by the rising global demand for protein alongside stagnation in cereal production.In this review,we provide a concise overview of the development of AMR in livestock,the modes of transmission,mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance gene transfer,along with One Health approaches and other control strategies.Furthermore,we highlight the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to process extensive data from diverse sources,utilize historical data to forecast potential AMR outbreaks,swiftly examine bacterial genomes to detect AMR genes,and predict dissemination,providing a basis for choosing the optimal antibiotics for individual patients based on unique infection and resistance profiles.展开更多
The broad trans-sectoral(humans,animals,environment)dissemination potential of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli(OXA-48-Ec)and OXA-48-harboring plasmids represent a major One-Health concern.A wholegenome...The broad trans-sectoral(humans,animals,environment)dissemination potential of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli(OXA-48-Ec)and OXA-48-harboring plasmids represent a major One-Health concern.A wholegenome sequence analysis was conducted with 75 OXA-48-Ec isolated between 2018 and 2022 from dogs(n=13)and cats(n=4)hospitalized in a veterinary clinic,the environment of another veterinary clinic(n=2),humans(n=55),and river water(n=1).Strain sequence types(ST),core-genome MLST-based complex type(CT),antimicrobial resistance genes,plasmid incompatibility(Inc)groups were determined by Illumina sequence analysis.Animal OXA-48-Ec and their respective plasmids as well as representative human strains harboring similar OXA-48 plasmids as those from animals were also sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies for comparative analysis of complete plasmids.The 19 veterinary strains belonged to 13 STs,and the 55 human strains to 25 different STs.Only two animal strains shared the same ST as the human strains(ST58,ST405),but with different CTs.Strains carried bla_(OXA-48)mainly on IncL-type plasmids(n=35),except some non-veterinary strains,where the gene was located on Col156-like plasmids(human,n=14;water,n=1),on the chromosome(n=7)or onto yet-uncharacterized elements(n=18)(humans).Two ST58 animal strains harbored bla_(OXA-48)onto a novel 76-kb IncL-type plasmid also harboring the sul1 and blaDHA-1 resistance genes.Our analysis showed a high genetic diversity between OXA-48-Ec deriving from the human and small animal clinical settings.However,diverse strains from all isolation sources harbored highly similar bla_(OXA-48)-carrying IncL plasmids,underscoring the potential contribution of shared ecological niches in the spread of this hyperepidemic plasmid.展开更多
RE-CmeABC is a variant of the efflux pump CmeABC in the major zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter,which is much more potent in conferring resistance to various antibiotics for the treatment of Campylobacter infections in ...RE-CmeABC is a variant of the efflux pump CmeABC in the major zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter,which is much more potent in conferring resistance to various antibiotics for the treatment of Campylobacter infections in both veterinary and medical clinics.This potent multidrug efflux pump RE-CmeABC is widely distributed and disseminated around the world,posing a serious threat to public health.In this study,we targeted the key efflux protein RE-CmeB of RE-CmeABC to explore promising efflux pump inhibitors derived from natural products to improve the multidrug resistance of Campylobacter.We constructed a protein screening model and utilized virtual screening techniques,such as molecular docking,to identify potential efflux pump inhibitors from natural product databases.The activity and safety of these candidates were subsequently evaluated,and ZINC338037 was shown to inhibit antibiotic extrusion and restore the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter.In summary,a potential multidrug efflux pump inhibitor was identified and is expected to be developed as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant Campylobacter.展开更多
Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)and brucellosis are significant zoonoses that pose serious challenges to the cattle industry and present risks to human health.This study focused on dairy and beef cattle farms in Hubei Provinc...Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)and brucellosis are significant zoonoses that pose serious challenges to the cattle industry and present risks to human health.This study focused on dairy and beef cattle farms in Hubei Province,China,with the aim of assessing the current seroprevalence and identifying risk factors associated with these diseases.A comprehensive serological survey was conducted in Hubei Province from May 2023 to January 2024.Using a stratified systematic sampling approach,we collected 5889 samples from 160 cattle farms across the province to evaluate the prevalence of bTB and brucellosis.The results indicated an overall individual seroprevalence of 1.9%for bTB,with notable regional variations,whereas brucellosis had a higher individual seroprevalence of 2.9%.At the herd level,the prevalence of bTB was 17.5%,whereas it was 8.1%for brucellosis.Notably,the highest individual prevalence of both diseases was recorded in southwestern Hubei.The analysis also revealed that dairy cattle were more frequently positive for both bTB(Odds ratio(OR)=4.9,95%CI:3.3,7.3)and brucellosis(OR=11.8,95%CI:8.6,16.1)than beef cattle were.Generalized linear mixed models also revealed that dairy cattle had greater odds of infection than beef cattle did for both bTB(OR=6.01,95%CI:1.4,25.9,p=0.017)and brucellosis(OR=8.11,95%CI:1.7,38.1,p=0.008)at the herd level.The herd size did not significantly affect disease incidence.These results highlight the critical need for focused intervention tactics,strengthened biosecurity protocols,and enhanced surveillance programs to protect public health and improve animal welfare.展开更多
文摘The current definition of health of the World Health Organization (WHO), formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.[1] Although, this formulation was been revolutionary because it overcame the negative definition of health as the absence of disease and included physical, mental and social domains, it has been partially criticized over the past 60 years. This definition is in fact referred to the disease acute pattern, which is transient and limited in the time. Today, the number of people living with chronic diseases for decades is increasing worldwide.
文摘Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important health problem in Asia. We examined it using its clinical symptoms to predict DF. Methods: We extracted statistically significant features from 17 DF-related clinical symptoms in 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF) using the unweighted summation score and the non-parametric HT person fit statistic, which jointly combine the weighted score (yielded by logistic regression) to predict DF risk. Results: Six symptoms (Family History, Fever 39C, Skin Rash, Petechiae, Abdominal Pain, and Weakness) significantly predicted DF. When a cutoff point of 1.03 (p = 0.26) suggested combining the weighted score and the HT coefficient, the sensitivity was 0.91 and the specificity was 0.76. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88, which was a better predictor: specificity was 5.56% higher than for the traditional logistic regression. Conclusions: Six simple symptoms analyzed using logistic regression were useful and valid for early detection of DF risk in children. A better predictive specificity increased after combining the non-parametric HT coefficient to the weighted regression score. A self-assessment using patient smart phones is available to discriminate DF and may eliminate the need for a costly and time-consuming dengue laboratory test.
文摘Background: Health behavior (HB) is an action taken by a person who pursues good health and prevents illness. Health behavior, thus, reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts, particularly, on published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author (MIA) with highly-cited papers on HB remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the authorship-weighted scheme (AWS) developed by authors to select the MIA on HB using the visual displays on Google Maps. Methods: We obtained 1,116 abstracts published between 2012 and 2016 from Medline based on the keywords of (health [Title]) and (behavior [Title] or behavior [Title]) on September 22, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and Pubmed paper IDs were recorded. The AWS was applied to (1) select the most productive authors (MPA) using social network analysis (SNA);(2) discover the MIA using h-indexes and author impact factors (AIF) dispersed on Google Maps, and (3) display the countries/areas distributed for the x-index in geography. Pajek software was performed to determine the partition categories of clusters. Results: We found that the MPA and MIA are Matthew K Nock (US) and Erika A Waters (US) for the MPA and MIA, respectively. All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential countries are the US (=19.03) and Australia (=6.46) with the highest x-indexes. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Many individual researchers achievements (IRA) were determined using h-index, AIF, x-index, or other bibliometric indices without quantifying author contributions. We demonstrated visualized representations on Google Maps using the AWS developed by authors to measure authors influences in a specific discipline. The research approach using the AWS to quantify the authors contributions can be applied to measure IRA in the future.
文摘Central nervous system involvement in hydatidosis is rare compared to other somatic localizations: 1-5%. It is schematically divided into two major types: cerebral involvement and spinal involvement. The brain is a rare localization of hydatid cyst accounting for only 2% of all hydatid disease. The psychiatric manifestations revealing cerebral hydatidosis remain exceptional and often unrecognized and neglected by practitioners despite their potential severity. We report two original observations of fatal cerebral hydatidosis revealed by behavior change (psychomotor agitation, aggressiveness, persecutory delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations) insufficiently explored in two women aged 45 and 17. The possibility of cerebral hydatidosis must always be evoked in front of any psychiatric symptomatology that remains unexplained in endemic areas for echinococcosis.
文摘Background:Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts many published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author (MIA) remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm of between centrality(BC) in social network analysis (SNA) to select the MIA on the topic of health behavior using the visual displays on Google Maps. Methods: We obtained 3,593 abstracts from Medline based on the keywords of (health [Title]) and (behavior [Title] or behaviour [Title]) on June 30, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and author-defined keywords were recorded. The BCs were applied to (1) select the MIA using SNA;(2) display the countries/areas distributed for the 1st author in geography,(3) discover the author clusters dispersed on Google Maps, and (4) investigate the keywords dispersed for the cluster related to the MIA on a dashboard. Pajek software was performed to yield the BC for each entity (or say node). Results: We found that the MIA is Spring, Bonnie (US). All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential country and the keywords are the US and health behavior. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships with the pattern of international author collaborations. If incorporated with Google Maps, the dashboard can release much more information regarding our interesting topics for us in academics. The research approach using the BC to identify the same author names can be applied to other bibliometric analyses in the future.
文摘Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual skills training on marital satisfaction. Methods: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test type along with a control group. The research samples included 14 couples (28 people) who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to evaluate the effect of sexual medicine intervention. Interventions were provided to the experimental group during 9 sessions. Control group did not receive any interventions during this time. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that sexual skills training increased marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Thus, based on the results obtained and the importance of sexual skills training in increasing marital satisfaction, psychotherapists and counselors are recommended to use this intervention to reduce marital problems and increase satisfaction in couples.
文摘Despite the very high burden of malaria among children in Borno state, the proportion of those who receive standard treatment has been very low. This study aimed to determine malaria knowledge, attitude towards prevention, and health care seeking behaviours of parents or caregivers of children presenting with fever at the paediatric clinic of a secondary-level hospital in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain information from the respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from the parents or caregivers of children presented to the Paediatric clinic with history of fever, and analysed in SPSS. A total of 331 respondents were finally recruited into the study. The ages of the children ranged from one to fourteen years. Some of them (15.3%) were internally displaced persons (IDPs). As many as 90.7% and 91.9% of the respondents believed that malaria is a life-threatening illness, and ITNs could prevent malaria, respectively. Less than a half of them (42.3%) had immediately brought their children to the hospital once they detected the fever. At the hospital, only 202 (60.7%) of the children had had malaria parasite test done on them, of which 89.1% tested positive. Permanent residents were more likely to promptly take their children to the hospital, one they detected fever, compared to IDPs ( 2=12.401, df =1, p=0.002). There is the need for promoting early presentation of febrile children to health centres, and also promoting routine malaria tests for febrile persons.
文摘This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases among older people in China as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly related to lower risk of hypertension. Taking PA maybe an instructive factor to reduce the risk of being hypertensive. We randomly selected Beijing community residents aged 65 and above (n = 400), collected data comprising level of PA (low, moderate, high), blood pressure, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature. Five logistic regression models adjusted for different modifiers were used to estimate the association between hypertension and PA. The prevalence of hypertension was 96.88%, 78.57% and 73.66% among subjects with low, moderate and high level of PA respectively. Lower diastolic BP was observed for elder people with higher level of PA (p<0.01). We observed a strong and statistically significant association between moderate (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.74) or high (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.57) level of PA and lower risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). PA is a protective factor for hypertension among older Beijing people, which suggests elderly people be encouraged to actively engage in PA, if body conditions permit.
文摘Self-compassion refers to a positive, kind attitude of a person toward oneself when confronted with difficulties. A self-compassionate coping style may buffer against the development of psychological problems. Aim was to introduce a new, 4-item measure for Self-compassion and to test its psychometric properties. In addition, its relationships with Neff’s Self Compassion Scale (SCS) and with the HADS depression and anxiety scales were studied, in an adult general population sample. The results showed that the SCCM had a high reliability, confirming internal validity. In addition, the SCCM was strongly related to all subscales and total score of the SCS, suggesting construct validity. Finally, also strong relationships were found with symptoms of depression and anxiety, suggesting criterion validity. The SCCM might therefore be considered a valuable and reliable tool in the study of self-compassion associated with mental-health problems, while it also might provide us with targets for intervention.
文摘With pharmaceutical companies’ repeated failures at finding effective interventions for Alzheimer’s disease, together with an increasing reliance on the growing Federal funding for research, there is an emergent opportunity for financing alternate research through crowdfunding. Crowdfundingwhere funding is obtained from small donations from a large group of peoplehas become a new source of funding for medical research. By understanding how the research community has evolved to study Alzheimer’s disease the pitfalls of this strategy can be highlighted. Alzheimer’s disease research is complex. From its inception in the early 1900s, Alzheimer’s disease has been at the center of movement within psychiatry to define the disease on the basis of its biology. Recent emphasisthrough the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), RDoC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) as well as the more recent Framework from the U.S. National Institute on Aginghave supported an exclusive emphasis on biology. But by excluding other aspects of the disease, such as its clinical expression, this research approach will be shown to be faulty and contradictory. So far this approach has resulted in 100% failures. By examining the historical and financial circumstances of the industry centered on Alzheimer’s disease a strong warning is given to the public to mistrust crowdfunding Alzheimer’s disease research. A broader and more inclusive approach is likely to generate a better understanding of the disease and therefore hold better promise for understanding the disease in the long term. Such a nuance approach competes badly with the more binary search for a cure and is less receptive to public support through crowdfunding.
文摘The health mobility is a right of the citizens that they can turn to any structure, without territorial restrictions, to look for an answer to their needs. Often produces inappropriateness and increases costs without affecting the quality of care. The purpose of this work is to study in depth the phenomenon of passive hospital mobility of Calabrian citizens through detailed and comparative analysis relating to the years 2014 and 2015, and the analysis of inappropriateness.
文摘A mini-review is presented for the evidence of growth-inhibitory effects of several psychoneurotropic drugs and glucocorticoids on developing animals and humans, together with our own data obtained in experimental models, as well as in epidemiologic studies confirming female predominance in morbidity caused by affective disorders and in consumption of some psychoneurotropic drugs. The emerging concepts of pharmacotoxicologic programming/imprinting and embedding are discussed, justifying the necessity of regional DOHaD centers.
文摘Many studies have indicated a relationship between smoking cessation and a history of depression. However, few studies have examined the association between smoking cessation and current depression and even fewer evidence come from China's Mainland. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking quitters, the correlates of successful smoking cessation, and its relationship with depressive symptoms in Northwest China. Methods: A total of 7,644 subjects who met the study’s entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban areas of three provinces in Northwest China and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including basic characteristics of households and detailed information on family members. All respondents provided informed consent. Results: people with depression symptom have a more than 1.5-fold risk of abstinence from smoking than those without depression (OR=1.54;95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models reach statistical significance (x2=13.2, p<0.001). Smoking quitters have a more than 1.5-fold risk of having depressive symptoms than current smokers (OR=1.54;95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models is also statistically significant (x2=6449.85, p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking quitters in urban areas of Northwest China is very low. After controlling certain confounders, smoking cessation is associated with current depressive symptoms. More rigorous surveys are needed to elucidate the barriers to smoking cessation in China. Government bodies in China should implement appropriate strategies and execute effective measures to mitigate its harmful consequences.
文摘This study aims to investigate the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals across their life cycle—from productionto disposal—in the context of increasing concerns about sustainability in healthcare systems.Utilizing a narrativereview approach,data from recent scientific literature and policy documents were analyzed to assess the extentof pharmaceutical pollution,its ecological consequences,and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies.Theanalysis revealed that pharmaceutical residues,particularly non-metabolized active pharmaceutical ingredients,have been shown to contribute to aquatic pollution and biodiversity loss in multiple studies,with evidence of effectson certain species and ecosystems.Emissions from pharmaceutical production account for approximately 4.4%of global carbon emissions,while inadequate disposal practices exacerbate environmental contamination.Moreover,specific drug classes,such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,hormones,and anticancer agents,pose heightened ecotoxicological risks,including endocrine disruption and antimicrobial resistance.The studyhighlights promising mitigation strategies,including solvent recovery technologies,green packaging,advancedwastewater treatments,and innovations such as biodegradable drugs and AI-driven telemedicine.Case studiesfrom companies such as Merck,Sanofi,and AstraZeneca demonstrate the feasibility of integrating sustainabilityinto pharmaceutical operations.The findings underscore the urgent need for regulatory frameworks that incorporateenvironmental criteria into health technology assessments,in alignment with the EU Green Deal and Agenda 2030.These insights contribute to the One Health perspective,emphasizing the interdependence between environmentalprotection,public health,and pharmaceutical innovation.
基金funded by the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network(independent medical grants from Pfizer,2023QD020)the Shanghai Antimicrobial Surveillance Network(3030231003).
文摘This study aimed to monitor clinical isolate susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in 31 provinces or cities of China in 2024.Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from 74 hospitals was tested using disc diffusion automated systems.The data were interpreted using the 2024 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints.A total of 458,271 clinical isolates were collected,of which 28.3%were Gram-positive and 71.7%were Gram-negative.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,S.epidermidis,and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strain prevalence was 28.4%,76.5%,and 70.2%,respectively.No vancomycin-resistant clinical Staphylococcus spp.were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than E.faecium,with a few vancomycin-resistant strains of both identified.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 97.5%in isolates from children and 96.1%in those from adults.The carbapenem resistance rate was<15.0%for most Enterobacterales species except Klebsiella;22.6%and 23.4%of Klebsiella were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Most Enterobacterales were highly susceptible to tigecycline(≤3.1%)and colistin(≤4.2%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa imipenem and meropenem resistance rates were 21.3%and 17.3%,respectively;those of Acinetobacter baumannii were 64.5%and 64.7%,respectively.In 2024,antimicrobial resistance in clinically isolated bacteria in major regions of China remained high.Antimicrobial agents must be rationally selected based on monitoring to effectively control the development of bacterial resistance.
文摘One Health still suffers from the lack of commitment of environmental sectors and disciplines,but benefits from internationalrecognition and the capacity to mobilize intersectoral collaboration,while planetary health demonstrates itscapacity to integrate environmental factors and to foster communities of practice that link global health,environmentaljustice and planetary drivers.Planetary Health has the potential to revitalize One Health by ensuring deeper environmentalintegration and fostering the transformative ecological and societal changes,based on scientific evidences,needed to address today’s interconnected environmental and health crises.
基金supported by internal funding from the Centre for Internet Studies and Artificial Intelligence(CISAI)and in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from JSPS for H.N.(25K15935),a grant from the WNI WxBunka Foundation for H.Nsupport from SDGs Project&Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shimane University,JapanShimane University,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,25K15935,WNI WxBunka Foundation.
文摘Globally,the livestock sector plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and nutrition while supporting livelihoods of millions.However,antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a serious threat to the availability,accessibility,and safety of livestock-derived products.AMR has significant impacts on society in the form of increased mortality,rising healthcare costs,loss in Gross Domestic Product,and driving large populations into poverty by Rendering Many treatment options ineffective.The impact of AMR is projected to rise globally,with over ten million related deaths predicted annually by 2050—equivalent to the current global annual death toll from cancer.The challenge with AMR is its rapid evolution,outpacing our capacity to manage it.Livestock farming systems are a major source of AMR transmission,driven by the rising global demand for protein alongside stagnation in cereal production.In this review,we provide a concise overview of the development of AMR in livestock,the modes of transmission,mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance gene transfer,along with One Health approaches and other control strategies.Furthermore,we highlight the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to process extensive data from diverse sources,utilize historical data to forecast potential AMR outbreaks,swiftly examine bacterial genomes to detect AMR genes,and predict dissemination,providing a basis for choosing the optimal antibiotics for individual patients based on unique infection and resistance profiles.
基金funded by Grant no.1.21.07 of the Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO"Whole-genome-sequencing of cephalosporinaseand carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from animals:a baseline for a One health molecular epidemiology"to V.P.
文摘The broad trans-sectoral(humans,animals,environment)dissemination potential of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli(OXA-48-Ec)and OXA-48-harboring plasmids represent a major One-Health concern.A wholegenome sequence analysis was conducted with 75 OXA-48-Ec isolated between 2018 and 2022 from dogs(n=13)and cats(n=4)hospitalized in a veterinary clinic,the environment of another veterinary clinic(n=2),humans(n=55),and river water(n=1).Strain sequence types(ST),core-genome MLST-based complex type(CT),antimicrobial resistance genes,plasmid incompatibility(Inc)groups were determined by Illumina sequence analysis.Animal OXA-48-Ec and their respective plasmids as well as representative human strains harboring similar OXA-48 plasmids as those from animals were also sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies for comparative analysis of complete plasmids.The 19 veterinary strains belonged to 13 STs,and the 55 human strains to 25 different STs.Only two animal strains shared the same ST as the human strains(ST58,ST405),but with different CTs.Strains carried bla_(OXA-48)mainly on IncL-type plasmids(n=35),except some non-veterinary strains,where the gene was located on Col156-like plasmids(human,n=14;water,n=1),on the chromosome(n=7)or onto yet-uncharacterized elements(n=18)(humans).Two ST58 animal strains harbored bla_(OXA-48)onto a novel 76-kb IncL-type plasmid also harboring the sul1 and blaDHA-1 resistance genes.Our analysis showed a high genetic diversity between OXA-48-Ec deriving from the human and small animal clinical settings.However,diverse strains from all isolation sources harbored highly similar bla_(OXA-48)-carrying IncL plasmids,underscoring the potential contribution of shared ecological niches in the spread of this hyperepidemic plasmid.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2023YFD1801000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32473090)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(no.232300421037)the Henan Province University Young Backbone Teachers Training Program(no.2023GGJS031)Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Agricultural University(no.NDYJS2023-26).
文摘RE-CmeABC is a variant of the efflux pump CmeABC in the major zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter,which is much more potent in conferring resistance to various antibiotics for the treatment of Campylobacter infections in both veterinary and medical clinics.This potent multidrug efflux pump RE-CmeABC is widely distributed and disseminated around the world,posing a serious threat to public health.In this study,we targeted the key efflux protein RE-CmeB of RE-CmeABC to explore promising efflux pump inhibitors derived from natural products to improve the multidrug resistance of Campylobacter.We constructed a protein screening model and utilized virtual screening techniques,such as molecular docking,to identify potential efflux pump inhibitors from natural product databases.The activity and safety of these candidates were subsequently evaluated,and ZINC338037 was shown to inhibit antibiotic extrusion and restore the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter.In summary,a potential multidrug efflux pump inhibitor was identified and is expected to be developed as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant Campylobacter.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20259).
文摘Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)and brucellosis are significant zoonoses that pose serious challenges to the cattle industry and present risks to human health.This study focused on dairy and beef cattle farms in Hubei Province,China,with the aim of assessing the current seroprevalence and identifying risk factors associated with these diseases.A comprehensive serological survey was conducted in Hubei Province from May 2023 to January 2024.Using a stratified systematic sampling approach,we collected 5889 samples from 160 cattle farms across the province to evaluate the prevalence of bTB and brucellosis.The results indicated an overall individual seroprevalence of 1.9%for bTB,with notable regional variations,whereas brucellosis had a higher individual seroprevalence of 2.9%.At the herd level,the prevalence of bTB was 17.5%,whereas it was 8.1%for brucellosis.Notably,the highest individual prevalence of both diseases was recorded in southwestern Hubei.The analysis also revealed that dairy cattle were more frequently positive for both bTB(Odds ratio(OR)=4.9,95%CI:3.3,7.3)and brucellosis(OR=11.8,95%CI:8.6,16.1)than beef cattle were.Generalized linear mixed models also revealed that dairy cattle had greater odds of infection than beef cattle did for both bTB(OR=6.01,95%CI:1.4,25.9,p=0.017)and brucellosis(OR=8.11,95%CI:1.7,38.1,p=0.008)at the herd level.The herd size did not significantly affect disease incidence.These results highlight the critical need for focused intervention tactics,strengthened biosecurity protocols,and enhanced surveillance programs to protect public health and improve animal welfare.
