Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatme...Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatment,and opinion pieces.Malignancy Spectrum seeks to educate,inform,and promote collaboration among all stakeholders involved in cancer research.展开更多
Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatme...Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatment,and opinion pieces.Malignancy Spectrum seeks to educate,inform,and promote collaboration among all stakeholders involved in cancer research.展开更多
Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small noncoding molecules that play critical roles in cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,and metastasis,and they c...Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small noncoding molecules that play critical roles in cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,and metastasis,and they can target multiple genes at the mRNA level.Materials and methods:Some online tools like TargetScan,miRDIP,miRmap,and miRanda were used to evaluate the validated target genes.Before choosing target genes,we took advantage of some bioinformatics tools including STRING,Gene MANIA,and TRED to predict the target genes.Finally,the expression levels of the target genes were measured in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tumor and their adjacent normal tissues via SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results:According to bioinformatics tools,BCL2 and AKT3 were selected as target genes for miR-15/16,and BCL2 was shown to demonstrate a robust negative correlation with miR-15a in our previous analysis of NSCLC tumor samples.Furthermore,we found a significant correlation between BCL2 expression level and stageⅢ(p=0.04).PTEN was assumed as a validated target gene of miR-21 that presented a significant decrease in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.IRS1 was assigned as a target gene of miR-126/miR-128,and finally,HIF1A was selected as the target gene of miR-210.There was a significant negative association between IRS1 expression level and miR-126/miR-128,but a positive correlation was demonstrated between miR-210 and HIF1A at mRNA level.Conclusion:Restoration of miR-15/16,miR-126,and miR-128 in NSCLC might be therapeutic candidates to control cell proliferation and apoptosis.展开更多
Background:Chemotherapy is the mainstay to treat metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC).However,a sizeable proportion of patients do not respond to treatment,which leads to the recurrence of disease.This study was carried ...Background:Chemotherapy is the mainstay to treat metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC).However,a sizeable proportion of patients do not respond to treatment,which leads to the recurrence of disease.This study was carried out to identify reliable gene expression-based marker(s)to predict the response to chemotherapy and the risk of recurrence.Methods:This prospective study involved the collection of tumor tissues(n=100)and normal tissues(n=10)from CRC patients who primarily underwent surgical treatment.Global gene expression profiles were generated on microarray(Affymetrix;n=5)and the next-generation sequencing(NGS)(Illumina;n=20)platforms.Patients were classified as responders(n=13;complete response with no relapse)or non-responders(n=12;recurrence of disease leading to death).Common dysregulated genes identified from both platforms were replicated in an independent set(n=75;quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)).The area under the curve(AUC)was generated,and a combinatorial analysis was performed.Results:A total of 193 and 1351 genes were dysregulated in microarray and NGS datasets,respectively.Of the top common genes(PTGIS,LYVE1,C3,C7,CXCL12,CEACAM6,MUC13,and ST14)that were selected for replication,upregulation of five genes(PTGIS,C3,C7,LYVE1,and CXCL12)were associated with the non-responder group in validation set.Combinatorial analysis and comparison of AUC identified a significant increase(p=0.03)in AUC by 15.2%(95%confidence interval(CI):0.01-0.29)for two genes(PTGIS and LYVE1).Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)were88.9%,100%,100%,and 95.6%,respectively.Conclusion:Assessing upregulation of the PTGIS and LYVE1 genes enables identification of individuals who may not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy and the risk of recurrence.The addition of drugs targeting these genes may improve response and benefit the patients.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded motor imagery(GMI)on fear of movement,pain,and rehabilitation in patients with kinesiophobia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for lung cancer...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded motor imagery(GMI)on fear of movement,pain,and rehabilitation in patients with kinesiophobia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for lung cancer.Methods:Fifty-eight participants with kinesiophobia after VATS were randomly assigned into two groups:one receiving usual care(the control group)and the other receiving usual care plus GMI(the GMI group).The GMI was delivered in three stages:left/right limb identification,motor imagery,and mirror therapy delivered by two researchers every afternoon starting on the first postoperative day,once a day for about 40 min,at least twice.Level of fear of movement,pain-related patient-reported outcomes(PROs),rehabilitation exercise participation,and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were compared between the two groups.Results:Twenty-seven eligible participants were included in the GMI group and 29 in the control group.Compared to the reports on the first postoperative day,the participants who received GMI reported at discharge significant reductions in kinesiophobia,intensity of worst pain and least pain,and interference of pain with activities and emotions,and increases in rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF than those in the control group(p<0.05).An unexpected finding was a reduced surgery-to-discharge interval in the patients who received GMI(almost a day earlier than those in the control group).Conclusion:GMI can reduce fear of movement,improve pain-related PROs,and increase rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF for lung cancer patients with kinesiophobia after VATS.The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2300072612).展开更多
Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural onc...Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural oncolytic viruses,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has shown selective tumor cell infection.Materials and methods:In this study,we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.Results:Compared with the control group,the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21,P27,and P53 genes by 38%,46%,and 81%,respectively(p<0.05).In contrast,the expression levels of CD34,integrinα5,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)genes significantly decreased by 47%,45%,42%,and 23%,respectively(p<0.05).The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h(p<0.01).Furthermore,Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV-treated group decreased by 0.61%and 1.63%after 6 h and 12 h,respectively(p<0.05).After 12 days,tumor volume in the NDV-treated groups decreased by 72%-87%compared with a 48%increase in the control group,reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group(p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients.However,several other factors need to be considered.These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.展开更多
As a pivotal micro RNA(mi RNA),miR-4284 exhibits noteworthy aberrant expression levels across various cancers and diseases,exerting a crucial role in modulating cancer progression and prognosis.This article endeavors ...As a pivotal micro RNA(mi RNA),miR-4284 exhibits noteworthy aberrant expression levels across various cancers and diseases,exerting a crucial role in modulating cancer progression and prognosis.This article endeavors to comprehensively elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of miR-4284 in cancer,delving deeply into its impact on tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by intervening in key signaling pathways such as p65,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Moreover,this article examines the potential associations of miR-4284 with diverse current therapeutic strategies,such as cancer prediction models,synergistic effects of chemotherapeutic agents,mechanisms of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology,and enhancement of radiotherapy.However,despite the significant strides made in miR-4284 research,certain limitations persist.Looking ahead,we anticipate that larger-scale and more in-depth studies will further unveil the functional mechanisms of miR-4284 and elucidate its role in therapeutic drug efficacy,thus furnishing robust theoretical underpinnings for the clinical application of miR-4284.展开更多
Objective:Weight loss in colorectal cancer(CRC)surgical patients is widespread and often associated with increased morbidity and mortality.This study aimed to determine whether pre-surgery nutrition intervention in CR...Objective:Weight loss in colorectal cancer(CRC)surgical patients is widespread and often associated with increased morbidity and mortality.This study aimed to determine whether pre-surgery nutrition intervention in CRC patients can reduce post-surgery weight loss and improve nutritional status and quality of life(Qo L).Methods:Sixty CRC patients undergoing elective surgery from November2018 to February 2021 were recruited.They were compared to a control group of 60 CRC patients extracted retrospectively from 2014.The intervention group received pre-surgery nutrition counselling and was followed up at 1,2,and 3 months after surgery,where their weights were taken and nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment(SGA).Health-related Qo L was assessed using the 3-level Euro-Quality of Life5 Domain(EQ-5D-3L)questionnaire before surgery and at 3 months after surgery.The control group did not receive pre-surgery nutrition counselling.Results:At 3 months after surgery,the intervention group lost significantly less weight compared to the control group(p<0.001).Similar significant results were observed at 1 and 2 months after surgery(p<0.001).Fifty-two patients(91%)in the control group lost weight compared to 31 patients(53%)in the intervention group at 3 months after surgery(p<0.001).Within the intervention group,the post-surgery Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale improved significantly from baseline(80%versus 75%,p=0.043).The SGA score at 3 months after surgery was similar to that of baseline(p=0.109).Conclusion:Pre-surgery nutrition intervention in patients with CRC and elective surgery has resulted in a significant reduction in post-surgery weight loss,improvement in Qo L,and maintenance of nutritional status.展开更多
Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide.Chemotherapeutic and targeted agents,as important adjuvant therapy for breast cancer,can also cause cardiotoxicity,leading to c...Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide.Chemotherapeutic and targeted agents,as important adjuvant therapy for breast cancer,can also cause cardiotoxicity,leading to cardiac dysfunction.It is essential to recognize cardiotoxicity early,cease drug exposure when appropriate,and initiate heart failure therapy.Currently,echocardiography is routinely used to monitor cardiac function during treatment.However,normal left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)measured by echocardiography cannot exclude cardiotoxicity.Therefore,more sensitive cardiac monitoring tools are needed.Optical pumped magnetometer-magnetocardiography(OPM-MCG)has been proved to be a noninvasive and effective means to detect and monitor myocardial injury.Case description:In this case,we presented a patient diagnosed with early breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression,following adjuvant therapy with paclitaxel liposomes,trastuzumab,and pertuzumab.Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFr EF)occurred after five cycles of anti-HER2 therapy,which improved with chronic heart failure(CHF)treatment.The MCG scan of this patient was significantly abnormal when she developed symptomatic HFr EF,which improved gradually during CHF treatment.Conclusion:The patient's heart failure was most likely caused by HER2-targeted agents,which was reversible and could be improved with the administration of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor(ARNi)and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT2i).In the future,OPMMCG may act as a safe,accurate,and efficient evaluation tool for cardiotoxicity monitoring to detect early myocardial injury in cancer patients.展开更多
Background:The Fn14 fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14(Fn14)can stimulate cell migration and promote cancer lessions.Progranulin(GP88)protein has been identified as an epidermal growth factor and participates in ma...Background:The Fn14 fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14(Fn14)can stimulate cell migration and promote cancer lessions.Progranulin(GP88)protein has been identified as an epidermal growth factor and participates in many biological processes.The aim of the present work was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Fn14 and GP88 proteins in relation to the clinical parameters in women's invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)and to explore their role as novel prognostic biomarkers.Methods:The qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression levels of Fn14 and GP88 in 100 fresh samples of Egyptian women who had breast lesions.They were divided into three groups:control healthy tissues(10 samples from woman lesions),benign group(30 cases),and IDC group(60 cases).Results:The histopathological results of 60 cases with IDC have been reported with 45 cases being gradeⅡand 15 cases being gradeⅢ.The immunohistochemical results showed that the degree of strong positive staining for both markers was increased in gradeⅢcompared to that in gradeⅡ.The integrated optical density was significantly increased in gradeⅢ(p<0.05).Also,the result revealed a highly significant correlation between the two markers and the tumor size,grades,and lymph node metastasis,as well as a correlation to normal and benign breast lesions.Conclusion:The quantitative immunohistochemistry of Fn14 and GP88 proteins revealed the correlation between the two markers and clinical parameters.Therefore,the two markers may be serviceable as prognostic and therapeutic markers in IDC patients.展开更多
Aims:Vanuatu is a lower-and middle-income country in the Pacific with a cervical cancer incidence of 100 per 100,000 women.An opportunistic screening program has existed since 2008,with continuous data collection rela...Aims:Vanuatu is a lower-and middle-income country in the Pacific with a cervical cancer incidence of 100 per 100,000 women.An opportunistic screening program has existed since 2008,with continuous data collection related to this since 2015.Methods:We analysed al cervical cancer screening data for Vanuatu over 6 years,and conducted a descriptive analysis of number of women screened,the results of screening,the treatment rates of human papil omavirus(HPV)positivity or cytological abnormalities detected through screening,and the incidence of cervical cancer.The chal enges encountered during the implementation of the screening program are also described.Results:Data were available from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2020.Based on census data,70,081 women were eligible for screening,and 15,696(22.4%)women underwent screening at least once.Screening coverage included 13.2%of individuals under 30 years,33.2%of individuals in the 30-50 age group,and 15.8%of people over 50 years.A total of 8910 HPV tests were conducted,of which 876(9.8%)were positive.Among the HPV-positive cases,316 received large loop excision of the transformation zone(LLETZ)treatment,156(49.4%)of which were high grade and 2(0.6%)of which were cancer.A total of 13,396 Pap smear tests were conducted,with 315(2.4%)showing high-grade results and 226(1.7%)indicating possible high-grade results.Overal,119 cancers were diagnosed from 15,696 women screened(0.8%),including 6/3297(0.2%)of<30 years,75/10,089(0.7%)of 30-50 years,38/2310(1.6%)of>50 years.Conclusion:One in five eligible Ni-Vanuatu women have undergone cervical cancer screening since 2015,with 7.6 per 1000 women having malignant results and 40.4 per 1000 women having high-grade or possible high-grade results.展开更多
Objective:Maintenance treatment with rituximab has been used in some nodal lymphomas,such as follicular and diffuse large cell lymphoma.The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of extra nodal lymphoma patien...Objective:Maintenance treatment with rituximab has been used in some nodal lymphomas,such as follicular and diffuse large cell lymphoma.The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of extra nodal lymphoma patients under maintenance treatment.Materials and methods:From July 2008 to December 2017,after induction treatment in patients with extra nodal lymphoma,if the patients consented and the drug was available,they were treated with rituximab every 3 months for 2 years.Results:A total of 112 patients with extra nodal lymphoma met the inclusion criteria.Among them,89 patients had high-grade lymphomas and 23 patients were in the group of low-grade lymphomas.The group of patients with high-grade lymphoma who received the rituximab-containing regimen as a maintenance treatment had lower rates of recurrence and death compared to the group that received rituximab only in the induction phase.In patients with low-grade lymphoma,the recurrence rate and mortality were also lower in the group receiving maintenance treatment compared to other groups,but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The use of rituximab in patients with extra nodal lymphoma as maintenance can increase the survival of the patients.展开更多
Background:Juvenile xanthogranuloma(JXG)is a rare disorder that belongs to the broad group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.It is characterized by one or more nodules with predilection sites on the head,neck,and t...Background:Juvenile xanthogranuloma(JXG)is a rare disorder that belongs to the broad group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.It is characterized by one or more nodules with predilection sites on the head,neck,and trunk,and lesions that may be several millimeters in diameter.These are reddish or yellowish benign papules or nodules that usually resolve spontaneously.The involvement of organs other than the skin is termed systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma(SJXG).The eye is the most frequent extracutaneous location of the JXG.Case presentation:We report a case of SJXG in a male child,with onset in the second month of life.He presented with several nodules,approximately5 mm in diameter and tan-orange in color,located on the head,face,and trunk.The nodules enlarged to 10 mm in diameter,and new lesions were found in the right eye,which resulted in spontaneous hyphema and secondary glaucoma without treatment.The pathological findings suggested that the nodule was of histiocytic origin,and immunohistochemical analysis resulted in the diagnosis of JXG.Chemotherapy based on the Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)regimen resulted in a good prognosis.Conclusion:SJXG has low morbidity,but is unpredictable,and rare and self-limited.Treatment is required for patients with extracutaneous involvement,who may have increased morbidity.The LCH-Ⅲprotocol of the International Histiocyte Society is the most commonly used and effective chemotherapy regimen.展开更多
Objective:The incidence of primary tracheal neoplasm is extremely rare.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most prevalent histological type of tracheal malignancy.Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can be considered a...Objective:The incidence of primary tracheal neoplasm is extremely rare.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most prevalent histological type of tracheal malignancy.Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can be considered as a curative management option.However,there are limited data available on the use of radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for tracheal cancer,particularly intensity-modulated radiotherapy.Patient and methods:Herein,we present a case report of a young adult male diagnosed with primary SCC of the trachea who underwent postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy utilizing intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).The treatment included 50.4 Gy radiation in 28fractions and two cycles of chemotherapy.Results:The patient experienced gradeⅠdermatitis and gradeⅡgranulocytosis.Follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or significant adverse effects.The patient achieved 5-year long-term survival with good quality of life.Conclusion:Postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy using IMRT is effective for primary tracheal carcinoma,offering long-term survival and quality of life benefits.展开更多
During the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression,various molecular alternations occur in different omics levels.In recent years,multiomics approaches including genomics,epigenetics,transcriptomics,proteomics...During the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression,various molecular alternations occur in different omics levels.In recent years,multiomics approaches including genomics,epigenetics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,single-cell omics,and spatial omics have been applied in mapping diverse omics profiles of cancers.The development of high-throughput technologies such as sequencing and mass spectrometry has revealed different omics levels of tumor cells or tissues separately.While focusing on a single omics level results in a lack of accuracy,joining multiple omics approaches together undoubtedly benefits accurate molecular subtyping and precision medicine for cancer patients.With the deepening of tumor research in recent years,taking pathological classification as the only criterion of diagnosis and predicting prognosis and treatment response is found to be not accurate enough.Therefore,identifying precise molecular subtypes by exploring the molecular alternations during tumor occurrence and development is of vital importance.The review provides an overview of the advanced technologies and recent progress in multiomics applied in cancer molecular subtyping and detailedly explains the application of multiomics in identifying cancer driver genes and metastasis-related genes,exploring tumor microenvironment,and selecting liquid biopsy biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
Basic research on heavy ion cancer therapy such as radiobiology, medicalphysics, and therapeutic technique has been conducted at the Institute ofModern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1995. Based on t...Basic research on heavy ion cancer therapy such as radiobiology, medicalphysics, and therapeutic technique has been conducted at the Institute ofModern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1995. Based on theachievements acquired in the basic research and the requirements for a heavyion accelerator for radiotherapy purposes, a dedicated heavy ion therapy facilitynamed Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) was designed at IMP andconstructed in Wuwei, China. The HIMM facility consists of two electroncyclotron resonance ion sources, one cyclotron as the injector and onesynchrotron as the main accelerator, and four different treatment roomsequipped with passive or active beam delivery systems, and accelerates carbonions up to 400 MeV/u. After the performance inspection of HIMM organized bythe National Medical Device Inspection Center, preclinical tests like cell andanimal radiobiological experiments and dosimetric verification using anthropomorphicphantoms for elucidating the biophysical properties of the carbon ionbeams provided by HIMM were carried out. According to the Chinese medicaldevice regulations, a clinical trial in which 46 tumor patients were recruited andtwo hospitals participated was conducted in the HIMM facility, aiming atevaluating the treatment safety and short-term efficacy of the medical device.The success of the clinical trial helped the HIMM facility be authorized by theChinese government as a class III medical device. In this paper, all the aspectsmentioned above are introduced and discussed, and implications for futureimprovements are also given.展开更多
Objective:This single-center,prospective,observational study was designed to investigate the toxicities,patient-reported outcome(PRO),and dosimetric analysis of whole breast ultrafractionation radiotherapy(RT)after br...Objective:This single-center,prospective,observational study was designed to investigate the toxicities,patient-reported outcome(PRO),and dosimetric analysis of whole breast ultrafractionation radiotherapy(RT)after breast-conserving surgery(BCS)in early breast cancer(BC).Patients and methods:Patients diagnosed with BC stage I,II and treated with BCS were enrolled.A dose of 26 Gray(Gy)in five fractions was prescribed to the whole breast and tumor bed.Clinical endpoints included toxicities,PRO,and dosimetric analysis.PRO was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer general quality of life questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30)and the BC-specific questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-BR23)questionnaires.Results:Between January 2022 and June 2023,62 female patients were enrolled.The median age was 45 years.Most patients(83.9%)were diagnosed with pathological stage I disease.The median planning target volume(PTV)was 456.4 mL.The minimum,maximum,and mean doses,and D95(dose of PTV irradiated volume more than 95%)to PTV were 20.2,28.8,27.2,and 26.3 Gy,respectively.The median mean lung dose and percentage lung volume receiving 8 Gy(V8)were 3.6 Gy and 13.4%,respectively.The median mean heart dose,V1.5(percentage of organ volume irradiated with 1.5 Gy or higher),and V7(percentage of organ volume irradiated with 7 Gy or higher)were 0.6 Gy,6.8%,and 0.4%,respectively.Cosmetic effects before RT showed no obvious differences compared to that post RT.No toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred.Five patients had asymptomatic radiation pneumonia(grade 1),and 12 patients had radiation dermatitis(grade 1).No factor was significantly related to radiation dermatitis or radiation pneumonia.For the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires,all function and symptom scores before RT had no significant differences compared with that after RT,1−2 months after RT,and 3−4 months after RT.Ultrafractionation RT did not worsen PRO.The 1-year crude local control was 100%.Conclusion:Whole breast ultrafractionation RT after BCS in early BC has no severe toxicities and does not affect PRO.These results need to be further validated with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size.展开更多
As a major kind of cell surface adhesion molecules with signal transduction function,integrins play a major role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.The role of integrins in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironme...As a major kind of cell surface adhesion molecules with signal transduction function,integrins play a major role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.The role of integrins in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment has been extensively revealed.Among the integrin family,integrinαvβ3 is the most studied integrin in the past 20 years.Plenty of preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted,which showed clinical benefits of targeting integrinαvβ3 in tumor imaging and treatment.Currently,the focus of interest is gradually shifting from integrinαvβ3 toward other integrin subtypes.Integrinα6 is expressed in many malignant tumors,such as colorectal cancer,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer,and its expression is correlated with poor survival of the patients.Recent studies have shown that tumor molecular imaging agents and therapeutic drugs targeting integrinα6 have excellent safety and efficacy in preclinical mouse models,encouraging clinical translation of this promising target.In this review,we briefly overview the physiological and pathological function of integrinα6 and highlight the recent advances in integrinα6-targeted imaging and therapeutics in tumors.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies,with limited effectiveness of standard therapies,resulting in little improvement in the 5-year survival rate over the past few decades.However,advanced radiothera...Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies,with limited effectiveness of standard therapies,resulting in little improvement in the 5-year survival rate over the past few decades.However,advanced radiotherapy techniques and emerging treatment modalities,such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy,are showing tremendous potential as effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients who were previously considered incurable.This review summarizes the current advances and challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment strategies and proposes further optimization directions,aiming to provide insights into the cure of incurable pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide.However,very few established diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC have been universally applied in clinical practice.Recentl...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide.However,very few established diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC have been universally applied in clinical practice.Recently,much attention has been paid to extracellular vesicles(EVs)regarding their roles as cancer biomarkers because EVs carry plentiful cargoes,including lipids,proteins,nucleic acids,and metabolites.In HNSCC,several molecules carried by EVs,which are derived from peripheral blood and saliva,have been implicated to be effective in cancer detection,staging,treatment planning,response monitoring,and prognosis prediction.Although several EV molecules have been identified to be significantly correlated with a set of clinicalpathological parameters of HNSCC,several key limitations need to be resolved before the clinical application of EVs as carriers of biomarkers in HNSCC.In this review,we discuss current knowledge in the literature regarding EV-based biomarkers in HNSCC,emphasizing current limitations of their clinical applications.展开更多
文摘Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatment,and opinion pieces.Malignancy Spectrum seeks to educate,inform,and promote collaboration among all stakeholders involved in cancer research.
文摘Aims and Scope The overarching aim of Malignancy Spectrum is to publish original articles from cancer researchers around the globe.The journal will also publish reviews on emerging areas of cancer research and treatment,and opinion pieces.Malignancy Spectrum seeks to educate,inform,and promote collaboration among all stakeholders involved in cancer research.
基金supported by the grants from the Pasteur Institute of Iran(Grant No.#592)the Tracheal Diseases Research Center,NRITLD of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
文摘Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small noncoding molecules that play critical roles in cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,and metastasis,and they can target multiple genes at the mRNA level.Materials and methods:Some online tools like TargetScan,miRDIP,miRmap,and miRanda were used to evaluate the validated target genes.Before choosing target genes,we took advantage of some bioinformatics tools including STRING,Gene MANIA,and TRED to predict the target genes.Finally,the expression levels of the target genes were measured in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tumor and their adjacent normal tissues via SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results:According to bioinformatics tools,BCL2 and AKT3 were selected as target genes for miR-15/16,and BCL2 was shown to demonstrate a robust negative correlation with miR-15a in our previous analysis of NSCLC tumor samples.Furthermore,we found a significant correlation between BCL2 expression level and stageⅢ(p=0.04).PTEN was assumed as a validated target gene of miR-21 that presented a significant decrease in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.IRS1 was assigned as a target gene of miR-126/miR-128,and finally,HIF1A was selected as the target gene of miR-210.There was a significant negative association between IRS1 expression level and miR-126/miR-128,but a positive correlation was demonstrated between miR-210 and HIF1A at mRNA level.Conclusion:Restoration of miR-15/16,miR-126,and miR-128 in NSCLC might be therapeutic candidates to control cell proliferation and apoptosis.
基金supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),wide file no 54/04/2019-HUM/BMS(IRIS No.-IRIS Cell No–2019-0441)to Dr.Ravikanth Vishnubhotla(Principal Investigator)and Dr.Pradeep Rebala.Dr.Sanjeev M.Patil(Co-Investigators)
文摘Background:Chemotherapy is the mainstay to treat metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC).However,a sizeable proportion of patients do not respond to treatment,which leads to the recurrence of disease.This study was carried out to identify reliable gene expression-based marker(s)to predict the response to chemotherapy and the risk of recurrence.Methods:This prospective study involved the collection of tumor tissues(n=100)and normal tissues(n=10)from CRC patients who primarily underwent surgical treatment.Global gene expression profiles were generated on microarray(Affymetrix;n=5)and the next-generation sequencing(NGS)(Illumina;n=20)platforms.Patients were classified as responders(n=13;complete response with no relapse)or non-responders(n=12;recurrence of disease leading to death).Common dysregulated genes identified from both platforms were replicated in an independent set(n=75;quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)).The area under the curve(AUC)was generated,and a combinatorial analysis was performed.Results:A total of 193 and 1351 genes were dysregulated in microarray and NGS datasets,respectively.Of the top common genes(PTGIS,LYVE1,C3,C7,CXCL12,CEACAM6,MUC13,and ST14)that were selected for replication,upregulation of five genes(PTGIS,C3,C7,LYVE1,and CXCL12)were associated with the non-responder group in validation set.Combinatorial analysis and comparison of AUC identified a significant increase(p=0.03)in AUC by 15.2%(95%confidence interval(CI):0.01-0.29)for two genes(PTGIS and LYVE1).Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)were88.9%,100%,100%,and 95.6%,respectively.Conclusion:Assessing upregulation of the PTGIS and LYVE1 genes enables identification of individuals who may not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy and the risk of recurrence.The addition of drugs targeting these genes may improve response and benefit the patients.
基金supported by the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(B2022093)
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded motor imagery(GMI)on fear of movement,pain,and rehabilitation in patients with kinesiophobia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for lung cancer.Methods:Fifty-eight participants with kinesiophobia after VATS were randomly assigned into two groups:one receiving usual care(the control group)and the other receiving usual care plus GMI(the GMI group).The GMI was delivered in three stages:left/right limb identification,motor imagery,and mirror therapy delivered by two researchers every afternoon starting on the first postoperative day,once a day for about 40 min,at least twice.Level of fear of movement,pain-related patient-reported outcomes(PROs),rehabilitation exercise participation,and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were compared between the two groups.Results:Twenty-seven eligible participants were included in the GMI group and 29 in the control group.Compared to the reports on the first postoperative day,the participants who received GMI reported at discharge significant reductions in kinesiophobia,intensity of worst pain and least pain,and interference of pain with activities and emotions,and increases in rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF than those in the control group(p<0.05).An unexpected finding was a reduced surgery-to-discharge interval in the patients who received GMI(almost a day earlier than those in the control group).Conclusion:GMI can reduce fear of movement,improve pain-related PROs,and increase rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF for lung cancer patients with kinesiophobia after VATS.The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2300072612).
文摘Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural oncolytic viruses,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has shown selective tumor cell infection.Materials and methods:In this study,we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.Results:Compared with the control group,the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21,P27,and P53 genes by 38%,46%,and 81%,respectively(p<0.05).In contrast,the expression levels of CD34,integrinα5,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)genes significantly decreased by 47%,45%,42%,and 23%,respectively(p<0.05).The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h(p<0.01).Furthermore,Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV-treated group decreased by 0.61%and 1.63%after 6 h and 12 h,respectively(p<0.05).After 12 days,tumor volume in the NDV-treated groups decreased by 72%-87%compared with a 48%increase in the control group,reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group(p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients.However,several other factors need to be considered.These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.
基金supported by the Qiantang Scholars Fund in Hangzhou City University(No.210000-581835)
文摘As a pivotal micro RNA(mi RNA),miR-4284 exhibits noteworthy aberrant expression levels across various cancers and diseases,exerting a crucial role in modulating cancer progression and prognosis.This article endeavors to comprehensively elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of miR-4284 in cancer,delving deeply into its impact on tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by intervening in key signaling pathways such as p65,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Moreover,this article examines the potential associations of miR-4284 with diverse current therapeutic strategies,such as cancer prediction models,synergistic effects of chemotherapeutic agents,mechanisms of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology,and enhancement of radiotherapy.However,despite the significant strides made in miR-4284 research,certain limitations persist.Looking ahead,we anticipate that larger-scale and more in-depth studies will further unveil the functional mechanisms of miR-4284 and elucidate its role in therapeutic drug efficacy,thus furnishing robust theoretical underpinnings for the clinical application of miR-4284.
基金funded by the National University Health System(NUHS)Allied Health and Nursing Grant(NR17MRF1990M)
文摘Objective:Weight loss in colorectal cancer(CRC)surgical patients is widespread and often associated with increased morbidity and mortality.This study aimed to determine whether pre-surgery nutrition intervention in CRC patients can reduce post-surgery weight loss and improve nutritional status and quality of life(Qo L).Methods:Sixty CRC patients undergoing elective surgery from November2018 to February 2021 were recruited.They were compared to a control group of 60 CRC patients extracted retrospectively from 2014.The intervention group received pre-surgery nutrition counselling and was followed up at 1,2,and 3 months after surgery,where their weights were taken and nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment(SGA).Health-related Qo L was assessed using the 3-level Euro-Quality of Life5 Domain(EQ-5D-3L)questionnaire before surgery and at 3 months after surgery.The control group did not receive pre-surgery nutrition counselling.Results:At 3 months after surgery,the intervention group lost significantly less weight compared to the control group(p<0.001).Similar significant results were observed at 1 and 2 months after surgery(p<0.001).Fifty-two patients(91%)in the control group lost weight compared to 31 patients(53%)in the intervention group at 3 months after surgery(p<0.001).Within the intervention group,the post-surgery Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale improved significantly from baseline(80%versus 75%,p=0.043).The SGA score at 3 months after surgery was similar to that of baseline(p=0.109).Conclusion:Pre-surgery nutrition intervention in patients with CRC and elective surgery has resulted in a significant reduction in post-surgery weight loss,improvement in Qo L,and maintenance of nutritional status.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-2-2066)the Beijing Hospitals Authority“sailing”Program(YGLX202323)+4 种基金the Beijing Nova Program(grant number 20220484222)the Coordinated Innovation of Scientific and Technological in Beijing-TianjinHebei Region(grant number Z231100003923008)the Beijing Hospitals Authority's Ascent Plan(grant number DFL20220603)the Project of The Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine(grant number PXM2018_014226_000013)the High-level Public Health Technical Talent Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(Leading Talent-02-01)
文摘Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide.Chemotherapeutic and targeted agents,as important adjuvant therapy for breast cancer,can also cause cardiotoxicity,leading to cardiac dysfunction.It is essential to recognize cardiotoxicity early,cease drug exposure when appropriate,and initiate heart failure therapy.Currently,echocardiography is routinely used to monitor cardiac function during treatment.However,normal left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)measured by echocardiography cannot exclude cardiotoxicity.Therefore,more sensitive cardiac monitoring tools are needed.Optical pumped magnetometer-magnetocardiography(OPM-MCG)has been proved to be a noninvasive and effective means to detect and monitor myocardial injury.Case description:In this case,we presented a patient diagnosed with early breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression,following adjuvant therapy with paclitaxel liposomes,trastuzumab,and pertuzumab.Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFr EF)occurred after five cycles of anti-HER2 therapy,which improved with chronic heart failure(CHF)treatment.The MCG scan of this patient was significantly abnormal when she developed symptomatic HFr EF,which improved gradually during CHF treatment.Conclusion:The patient's heart failure was most likely caused by HER2-targeted agents,which was reversible and could be improved with the administration of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor(ARNi)and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT2i).In the future,OPMMCG may act as a safe,accurate,and efficient evaluation tool for cardiotoxicity monitoring to detect early myocardial injury in cancer patients.
文摘Background:The Fn14 fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14(Fn14)can stimulate cell migration and promote cancer lessions.Progranulin(GP88)protein has been identified as an epidermal growth factor and participates in many biological processes.The aim of the present work was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Fn14 and GP88 proteins in relation to the clinical parameters in women's invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)and to explore their role as novel prognostic biomarkers.Methods:The qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression levels of Fn14 and GP88 in 100 fresh samples of Egyptian women who had breast lesions.They were divided into three groups:control healthy tissues(10 samples from woman lesions),benign group(30 cases),and IDC group(60 cases).Results:The histopathological results of 60 cases with IDC have been reported with 45 cases being gradeⅡand 15 cases being gradeⅢ.The immunohistochemical results showed that the degree of strong positive staining for both markers was increased in gradeⅢcompared to that in gradeⅡ.The integrated optical density was significantly increased in gradeⅢ(p<0.05).Also,the result revealed a highly significant correlation between the two markers and the tumor size,grades,and lymph node metastasis,as well as a correlation to normal and benign breast lesions.Conclusion:The quantitative immunohistochemistry of Fn14 and GP88 proteins revealed the correlation between the two markers and clinical parameters.Therefore,the two markers may be serviceable as prognostic and therapeutic markers in IDC patients.
文摘Aims:Vanuatu is a lower-and middle-income country in the Pacific with a cervical cancer incidence of 100 per 100,000 women.An opportunistic screening program has existed since 2008,with continuous data collection related to this since 2015.Methods:We analysed al cervical cancer screening data for Vanuatu over 6 years,and conducted a descriptive analysis of number of women screened,the results of screening,the treatment rates of human papil omavirus(HPV)positivity or cytological abnormalities detected through screening,and the incidence of cervical cancer.The chal enges encountered during the implementation of the screening program are also described.Results:Data were available from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2020.Based on census data,70,081 women were eligible for screening,and 15,696(22.4%)women underwent screening at least once.Screening coverage included 13.2%of individuals under 30 years,33.2%of individuals in the 30-50 age group,and 15.8%of people over 50 years.A total of 8910 HPV tests were conducted,of which 876(9.8%)were positive.Among the HPV-positive cases,316 received large loop excision of the transformation zone(LLETZ)treatment,156(49.4%)of which were high grade and 2(0.6%)of which were cancer.A total of 13,396 Pap smear tests were conducted,with 315(2.4%)showing high-grade results and 226(1.7%)indicating possible high-grade results.Overal,119 cancers were diagnosed from 15,696 women screened(0.8%),including 6/3297(0.2%)of<30 years,75/10,089(0.7%)of 30-50 years,38/2310(1.6%)of>50 years.Conclusion:One in five eligible Ni-Vanuatu women have undergone cervical cancer screening since 2015,with 7.6 per 1000 women having malignant results and 40.4 per 1000 women having high-grade or possible high-grade results.
文摘Objective:Maintenance treatment with rituximab has been used in some nodal lymphomas,such as follicular and diffuse large cell lymphoma.The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of extra nodal lymphoma patients under maintenance treatment.Materials and methods:From July 2008 to December 2017,after induction treatment in patients with extra nodal lymphoma,if the patients consented and the drug was available,they were treated with rituximab every 3 months for 2 years.Results:A total of 112 patients with extra nodal lymphoma met the inclusion criteria.Among them,89 patients had high-grade lymphomas and 23 patients were in the group of low-grade lymphomas.The group of patients with high-grade lymphoma who received the rituximab-containing regimen as a maintenance treatment had lower rates of recurrence and death compared to the group that received rituximab only in the induction phase.In patients with low-grade lymphoma,the recurrence rate and mortality were also lower in the group receiving maintenance treatment compared to other groups,but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The use of rituximab in patients with extra nodal lymphoma as maintenance can increase the survival of the patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2024YFC2309803 and 2023YFC2706100)the Capital Clinical Characteristic Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research and Transformation(No.Z221100007422054)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82200203 and 82370189)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7234367)
文摘Background:Juvenile xanthogranuloma(JXG)is a rare disorder that belongs to the broad group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.It is characterized by one or more nodules with predilection sites on the head,neck,and trunk,and lesions that may be several millimeters in diameter.These are reddish or yellowish benign papules or nodules that usually resolve spontaneously.The involvement of organs other than the skin is termed systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma(SJXG).The eye is the most frequent extracutaneous location of the JXG.Case presentation:We report a case of SJXG in a male child,with onset in the second month of life.He presented with several nodules,approximately5 mm in diameter and tan-orange in color,located on the head,face,and trunk.The nodules enlarged to 10 mm in diameter,and new lesions were found in the right eye,which resulted in spontaneous hyphema and secondary glaucoma without treatment.The pathological findings suggested that the nodule was of histiocytic origin,and immunohistochemical analysis resulted in the diagnosis of JXG.Chemotherapy based on the Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)regimen resulted in a good prognosis.Conclusion:SJXG has low morbidity,but is unpredictable,and rare and self-limited.Treatment is required for patients with extracutaneous involvement,who may have increased morbidity.The LCH-Ⅲprotocol of the International Histiocyte Society is the most commonly used and effective chemotherapy regimen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82460958)the National Superior Specialty of TCM(National TCM Medical Policy Letter(2024)No.90)the Guangxi Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZXK-Z-20-20)
文摘Objective:The incidence of primary tracheal neoplasm is extremely rare.Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)is the most prevalent histological type of tracheal malignancy.Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can be considered as a curative management option.However,there are limited data available on the use of radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for tracheal cancer,particularly intensity-modulated radiotherapy.Patient and methods:Herein,we present a case report of a young adult male diagnosed with primary SCC of the trachea who underwent postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy utilizing intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).The treatment included 50.4 Gy radiation in 28fractions and two cycles of chemotherapy.Results:The patient experienced gradeⅠdermatitis and gradeⅡgranulocytosis.Follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or significant adverse effects.The patient achieved 5-year long-term survival with good quality of life.Conclusion:Postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy using IMRT is effective for primary tracheal carcinoma,offering long-term survival and quality of life benefits.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173332).
文摘During the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression,various molecular alternations occur in different omics levels.In recent years,multiomics approaches including genomics,epigenetics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,single-cell omics,and spatial omics have been applied in mapping diverse omics profiles of cancers.The development of high-throughput technologies such as sequencing and mass spectrometry has revealed different omics levels of tumor cells or tissues separately.While focusing on a single omics level results in a lack of accuracy,joining multiple omics approaches together undoubtedly benefits accurate molecular subtyping and precision medicine for cancer patients.With the deepening of tumor research in recent years,taking pathological classification as the only criterion of diagnosis and predicting prognosis and treatment response is found to be not accurate enough.Therefore,identifying precise molecular subtypes by exploring the molecular alternations during tumor occurrence and development is of vital importance.The review provides an overview of the advanced technologies and recent progress in multiomics applied in cancer molecular subtyping and detailedly explains the application of multiomics in identifying cancer driver genes and metastasis-related genes,exploring tumor microenvironment,and selecting liquid biopsy biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2401503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11875299)West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-201920).
文摘Basic research on heavy ion cancer therapy such as radiobiology, medicalphysics, and therapeutic technique has been conducted at the Institute ofModern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1995. Based on theachievements acquired in the basic research and the requirements for a heavyion accelerator for radiotherapy purposes, a dedicated heavy ion therapy facilitynamed Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) was designed at IMP andconstructed in Wuwei, China. The HIMM facility consists of two electroncyclotron resonance ion sources, one cyclotron as the injector and onesynchrotron as the main accelerator, and four different treatment roomsequipped with passive or active beam delivery systems, and accelerates carbonions up to 400 MeV/u. After the performance inspection of HIMM organized bythe National Medical Device Inspection Center, preclinical tests like cell andanimal radiobiological experiments and dosimetric verification using anthropomorphicphantoms for elucidating the biophysical properties of the carbon ionbeams provided by HIMM were carried out. According to the Chinese medicaldevice regulations, a clinical trial in which 46 tumor patients were recruited andtwo hospitals participated was conducted in the HIMM facility, aiming atevaluating the treatment safety and short-term efficacy of the medical device.The success of the clinical trial helped the HIMM facility be authorized by theChinese government as a class III medical device. In this paper, all the aspectsmentioned above are introduced and discussed, and implications for futureimprovements are also given.
文摘Objective:This single-center,prospective,observational study was designed to investigate the toxicities,patient-reported outcome(PRO),and dosimetric analysis of whole breast ultrafractionation radiotherapy(RT)after breast-conserving surgery(BCS)in early breast cancer(BC).Patients and methods:Patients diagnosed with BC stage I,II and treated with BCS were enrolled.A dose of 26 Gray(Gy)in five fractions was prescribed to the whole breast and tumor bed.Clinical endpoints included toxicities,PRO,and dosimetric analysis.PRO was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer general quality of life questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30)and the BC-specific questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-BR23)questionnaires.Results:Between January 2022 and June 2023,62 female patients were enrolled.The median age was 45 years.Most patients(83.9%)were diagnosed with pathological stage I disease.The median planning target volume(PTV)was 456.4 mL.The minimum,maximum,and mean doses,and D95(dose of PTV irradiated volume more than 95%)to PTV were 20.2,28.8,27.2,and 26.3 Gy,respectively.The median mean lung dose and percentage lung volume receiving 8 Gy(V8)were 3.6 Gy and 13.4%,respectively.The median mean heart dose,V1.5(percentage of organ volume irradiated with 1.5 Gy or higher),and V7(percentage of organ volume irradiated with 7 Gy or higher)were 0.6 Gy,6.8%,and 0.4%,respectively.Cosmetic effects before RT showed no obvious differences compared to that post RT.No toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred.Five patients had asymptomatic radiation pneumonia(grade 1),and 12 patients had radiation dermatitis(grade 1).No factor was significantly related to radiation dermatitis or radiation pneumonia.For the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires,all function and symptom scores before RT had no significant differences compared with that after RT,1−2 months after RT,and 3−4 months after RT.Ultrafractionation RT did not worsen PRO.The 1-year crude local control was 100%.Conclusion:Whole breast ultrafractionation RT after BCS in early BC has no severe toxicities and does not affect PRO.These results need to be further validated with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972531)。
文摘As a major kind of cell surface adhesion molecules with signal transduction function,integrins play a major role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.The role of integrins in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment has been extensively revealed.Among the integrin family,integrinαvβ3 is the most studied integrin in the past 20 years.Plenty of preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted,which showed clinical benefits of targeting integrinαvβ3 in tumor imaging and treatment.Currently,the focus of interest is gradually shifting from integrinαvβ3 toward other integrin subtypes.Integrinα6 is expressed in many malignant tumors,such as colorectal cancer,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer,and its expression is correlated with poor survival of the patients.Recent studies have shown that tumor molecular imaging agents and therapeutic drugs targeting integrinα6 have excellent safety and efficacy in preclinical mouse models,encouraging clinical translation of this promising target.In this review,we briefly overview the physiological and pathological function of integrinα6 and highlight the recent advances in integrinα6-targeted imaging and therapeutics in tumors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072632)Guangzhou Municipality Bureau of Science and Technology,Guangzhou,China(202102010033)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515012585).
文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies,with limited effectiveness of standard therapies,resulting in little improvement in the 5-year survival rate over the past few decades.However,advanced radiotherapy techniques and emerging treatment modalities,such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy,are showing tremendous potential as effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients who were previously considered incurable.This review summarizes the current advances and challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment strategies and proposes further optimization directions,aiming to provide insights into the cure of incurable pancreatic cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872196,81672690,81772900,81972541,and 81672690).
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide.However,very few established diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC have been universally applied in clinical practice.Recently,much attention has been paid to extracellular vesicles(EVs)regarding their roles as cancer biomarkers because EVs carry plentiful cargoes,including lipids,proteins,nucleic acids,and metabolites.In HNSCC,several molecules carried by EVs,which are derived from peripheral blood and saliva,have been implicated to be effective in cancer detection,staging,treatment planning,response monitoring,and prognosis prediction.Although several EV molecules have been identified to be significantly correlated with a set of clinicalpathological parameters of HNSCC,several key limitations need to be resolved before the clinical application of EVs as carriers of biomarkers in HNSCC.In this review,we discuss current knowledge in the literature regarding EV-based biomarkers in HNSCC,emphasizing current limitations of their clinical applications.
