Monitoring critical quality attributes in pharmaceutical manufacturing ensures that the final product meets specified requirements.Process analysis allows for appropriate modifications and customization of pharmaceuti...Monitoring critical quality attributes in pharmaceutical manufacturing ensures that the final product meets specified requirements.Process analysis allows for appropriate modifications and customization of pharmaceutical design from formulation to production.The laborious sample presentation and throughput have stimulated the development of in-process spectroscopy methods for pharmaceutical analysis.Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated the unique advantages of rapid and nondestructive analysis,good interpretability,and effective moisture interference avoidance.The Raman imaging technique can obtain spatial and chemical information that is useful for characterizing drug quality.This article describes the applications of Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques in pharmaceutical analysis.It covers the monitoring of crystal forms and particle size distribution,quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients,evaluation of contents uniformity,prediction of dissolution profiles in solid preparations,identification of counterfeit drugs,and applications in reverse engineering and process analytical technology.Moreover,the challenges and prospects are proposed to facilitate the continued development of Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques,providing necessary references for further research in this field.展开更多
Steroid hormones,synthesized from cholesterol via cytochrome P450 enzymes,are categorized into adrenocortical hormones and sex hormones.Their monitoring is crucial in clinical and research settings for evaluating dise...Steroid hormones,synthesized from cholesterol via cytochrome P450 enzymes,are categorized into adrenocortical hormones and sex hormones.Their monitoring is crucial in clinical and research settings for evaluating disease risk and physiological shifts,as well as for managing medical conditions.The structural similarity and concentration differences of steroid hormones in biological samples create significant challenges for analysis.Traditional immunoassays(IAs)are now less effective due to cross-reactivity and other limitations.Advances in mass spectrometry(MS),especially liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,have become preferred for steroid hormone detection,establishing a new“gold standard”in the field.The paper examines the influence of various pretreatment methods on the sensitivity and detection limits of steroid hormones,including protein precipitation,liquid–liquid extraction,solid-phase extraction,cold-induced phase separation technique,and derivatization technique,providing a crucial reference for clinical steroid detection.This paper reviews IAs and MS methods used recently(2013–2023)for detecting endogenous steroid hormones,highlighting their analytical strengths and limitations.It also discusses recent advancements and future prospects in both IA and MS methodologies.展开更多
In recent years,nonvascular epiphytic communities have been increasingly subjected to extreme climatic conditions,with heavy rains and prolonged droughts.Therefore,understanding their management of water resources pro...In recent years,nonvascular epiphytic communities have been increasingly subjected to extreme climatic conditions,with heavy rains and prolonged droughts.Therefore,understanding their management of water resources provides insight into their ecosystem-level contributions.However,until now,little has been done to assess this feature at a micro-scale level considering species-species interactions.In this context,this study develops an analytical strategy based on hyperspectral imaging(HSI)and chemometrics to map the water content(WC)of nonvascular epiphytic communities during a dehydration process,while considering interactions among life forms.Exploratory analysis of data by means of principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrates that the highest source of variability along the process is due to water loss,though differences among communities can be observed as well.Indeed,the generation of false color RGB score maps enables the evaluation of different life forms'responses,giving an initial understanding of facilitation and competition mechanisms based on community composition.Moreover,the use of multivariate regression using partial least squares(PLS)regression to predict water content at a pixel level,with a final error in prediction around 3%,leads to the visualization of maps representing the WC of each pixel composing the sample,permitting the evaluation of communities'response at a detailed scale,providing a valuable method for recovering spatial information while monitoring dehydration.The analytical impact and novelty of the approach are supported by the consistency in results obtained from developing the model with two different strategies,image-based and pixel-based,and by the complementarity of the information obtained by the two strategies themselves.展开更多
Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs)fabricated using a novel“wet-pulling”technique were evaluated for electrochemical detection of dopamine(DA).To enhance the sensitivity,we employed an electrochemical oxidation pretreatme...Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs)fabricated using a novel“wet-pulling”technique were evaluated for electrochemical detection of dopamine(DA).To enhance the sensitivity,we employed an electrochemical oxidation pretreatment and twisting of CNTFs and investigated the performance by cyclic voltammetry(CV)and chronoamperometry(CA).The synergetic eff ect of twisting and pre-oxidation boosted the sensitivity of modified CNTFs compared to the as-obtained CNTFs due to the introduction of new active sites for efficient trapping of DA molecules.For the oxidized twisted CNTFs,we achieved a sensitivity of 10.8μA·μM^(–1)·cm^(–2)and the limit of detection of 330 nM in the case of CV,and 6.4μA·μM-1·cm-2and 102 nM in the case of CA,respectively.The CNTFs showed good potential for an in vitro application,maintaining sufficient sensitivity under various conditions.When coupled with the suited mechanical properties of CNTFs,the results highlight the prospect of implantable and flexible sensors.展开更多
The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modif...The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modification,and the effects of heavy metal ions on these fluorescence properties of cellulose filter paper,and uncovered the quenching mechanism of Cd^(2+)ions on its auto-fluorescence.Specifically,the Cd^(2+)ions replaced the cations in sodium lignosulfonate,which effectively inhibited the auto-fluorescence of the filter paper.The high affinity of the sulfonic acid groups of the guaiacylpropane and butylpropane units comprising the sodium lignosulfonate for Cd^(2+)ions was further confirmed by calculating the highest occupied molecular orbital—the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(HOMO–LUMO)gap(ΔE).Significantly,we developed a ratiometric fluorescent paper chip,Paper@Mn:ZnS,based on the auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper for Cd^(2+)detection.This chip not only achieved a detection limit as low as 2.09 nM but also was successfully applied to the detection of Cd^(2+)ions in actual polluted water samples.展开更多
This study employs an N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization(NCA ROP)signal amplification strategy to construct a novel sensing system for the simple and rapid detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA(tRNA).In th...This study employs an N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization(NCA ROP)signal amplification strategy to construct a novel sensing system for the simple and rapid detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA(tRNA).In the developed fluorescent biosensor,carboxylated biomagnetic beads serve as carriers for target capture based on the complementary pairing of the aptamer bases.Subsequently,NCA ROP fluorescent peptides are utilized as highly biocompatible signal carriers to achieve sensitive detection of the target.Under the optimal conditions,the biosensor exhibits a broad linear detection range from 1 pM to 10 nM,with a detection limit as low as 0.085 pM.Furthermore,the fluorescent aptamer biosensor demonstrates robust affinity and reliability in recovery experiments involving healthy R ehmannia glutinosa leaf total RNA.This work establishes a robust platform for tRNA analysis,facilitating real-time and early diagnosis of various plant viruses.展开更多
A simple analytical assay based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)and micro-solid phase extraction(μ-SPE)techniques was established for the quantification of polypro...A simple analytical assay based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)and micro-solid phase extraction(μ-SPE)techniques was established for the quantification of polypropylene glycol 4K(PPG4K)polymers in cellular samples.Afterμ-SPE,the analytes were concentrated and separated on a reversed phase C18column.Collision induced dissociation(CID)was tested and the parent ions of PPG4K polymers were fragmented with a relatively high value of declustering potential(DP)in the ion source.Numerous fragment ions associated with the structure of PPG4K were generated in ion source at m/z 58n+1([M+H]+),58n+18([M+NH_(4)]^(+)),58n+23([M+Na]+)and 58n+39([M+K]+),respectively.[M+NH_(4)]^(+)adducts were selected and further fragmented in the second quadrupole of the UHPLC-MS/MS system.Multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)transition at m/z 598.4[M+NH_(4)]^(+)(58×10+18)→175.0 was selected to determine PPG4K polymers in cellular samples owing to its excellent selectivity and higher sensitivity compared with the other MRM transitions.The developed analytical assay was successfully applied to the bioanalysis of PPG4K polymers in cellular samples.The lower limit of quantification(LLOQ)was 10 ng/mL and the limit of detection(LOD)was 2.5 ng/mL for PPG4K polymers.This study provides a novel analytical strategy for the determination of PPG4K polymers,which is coupled withμ-SPE and the selection of[M+NH_(4)]^(+)adduct strategy to enhance sensitivity.展开更多
As the key factor in brain development and fat metabolism,choline is widely present in foods,especially in health care and dairy products.In this study,a simple,rapid,sensitive,and cost-eff ective method was proposed ...As the key factor in brain development and fat metabolism,choline is widely present in foods,especially in health care and dairy products.In this study,a simple,rapid,sensitive,and cost-eff ective method was proposed for choline detection based on luminol derivate(L012)doped amino silica nanoparticles(L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)).L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)exhibited a 47-fold increase in the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)response and much better uniformity and dispersion compared with conventional luminol-doped silica nanoparticles(Luminol@SiNPs).We thus constructed an ECL biosensor based on the L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)/H_(2)O_(2)system,in which co-reactant H_(2)O_(2)is generated from dissolved oxygen during the process of oxidation of choline by choline oxidase.Significantly,the ECL biosensor shows a linear relationship between ECL intensity and choline concentration in the range of 1–5000μM,with a low limit of detection of 1μM.Additionally,the recovery tests from milk powders were conducted,demonstrating its practical application potential,which could be expanded to other oxidase-related analytes detection.It greatly broadened the application of L012 based nano-emitters in biological,food,and clinical analysis.展开更多
Brucellosis is a highly infectious anthropozoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella,which is the pathogenic bacteria in public health risk and occupation exposure.Therefore,rapid detection and identification of B...Brucellosis is a highly infectious anthropozoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella,which is the pathogenic bacteria in public health risk and occupation exposure.Therefore,rapid detection and identification of Brucella is crucial for controlling and managing the prevalence of brucellosis.In this work,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)combined with machine learning(ML)algorithms was developed to identify Brucella isolates at the species level rapidly.A total of 1440 MALDI spectral data from 59 strains of B.melitensis(23 strains of B.melitensis bv.1 and 36 strains of B.melitensis bv.3)were obtained.Four ML algorithms including support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and logistic regression(LR)were compared for typing Brucella species.The area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,precision-recall ratio(PR),accuracy,specificity,and sensitivity were used to evaluate the performances of diff erent ML algorithms.These results showed that MALDI-TOF MS combined with the XGBoost algorithm is the best method for typing Brucella species with good performances,demonstrating the significant potential applications in the diagnosis,control,and epidemiology of brucellosis.展开更多
Detecting trace pesticide residues in food products is crucial for ensuring food safety.Terahertz technology has demonstrated significant advantages in chemical and biological sensing by utilizing the vibrational sign...Detecting trace pesticide residues in food products is crucial for ensuring food safety.Terahertz technology has demonstrated significant advantages in chemical and biological sensing by utilizing the vibrational signatures inherent to molecules in the terahertz spectrum and leveraging the amplified electric fields facilitated by metamaterials.In this work,we introduce a novel method for imidacloprid(IMI)pesticide residue detection using the rod-shaped terahertz metamaterial(RSTM)with a composite interface of gold and conductive polymer polyaniline(PANI).The core mechanism of this method relies on the binding of IMI to PANI,which alters the resonance intensity and frequency of the Au-PANI-RSTM.Specifically,the RSTM parameters are determined using computer simulation technology(CST),and the RSTM structure is engraved on the Au-PANI surface using laser direct writing technology.Further characterization using mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques reveals that the stable bonding between PANI and IMI is facilitated by hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding.The detection limit of Au-PANI-RSTM deposited with 20 segments for IMI is 0.46 ppm,which complies with the maximum residue limit for IMI stipulated in the Chinese National Standard.展开更多
Dual-signal electrochemical sensors have inherent self-correction function to overcome disturbances of experimental and environmental factors,but suffer from electrodes'modification or functional materials'pre...Dual-signal electrochemical sensors have inherent self-correction function to overcome disturbances of experimental and environmental factors,but suffer from electrodes'modification or functional materials'preparation,resulting in cumbersome operation,weak stability and poor recognition efficiency.Herein,we propose a dual-signal electrochemical strategy for microRNA senstive detection based on target-driven T7 exonuclease(T7 Exo)-mediated signal amplification that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.The recognition of methylene(MB)and ferrocene(Fc)co-tagged ssDNA(MB/Fc-ssDNA)by miRNA-155 resulted in the formation of double-stranded nucleic acids,which switched T7 Exo-assisted catalytic digestion on MB/Fc-ssDNA,achieving 1:N amplified generation of MB-mononucleotides(mNs)and Fc-mNs.Compared with MB/Fc-ssDNA,MB-mNs and Fc-mNs exhibited significantly declined electrostatic repulsion force toward working electrode,and then simultaneously generated two signals at distinct potentials,in which dual-signal analysis of miRNA-155 was achieved with limit of detection down to~fM level.This work renders a novel thinking concept to develop high-performance electrochemical sensors for early and reliable diagnosis of miRNA-related diseases,advancing the rapid development of intelligent medicines.展开更多
A rapid and effective analytical method was developed for the detection of triclosan in wastewater samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent thymol-lidocaine(Thy-Lid,molar ratio of 1:1)and dispersive liquid-li...A rapid and effective analytical method was developed for the detection of triclosan in wastewater samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent thymol-lidocaine(Thy-Lid,molar ratio of 1:1)and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME).The analyte was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA),obtaining a detection limit of 0.38μg/L,a recovery rate of 99%,and an enrichment factor of the analyte in the water of 80.A factorial design was used to optimize the analytical signal to improve the time and reduce the cost of the method.Combining this chemometric optimization tool with a green solvent and DLLME allows for obtaining an analytical methodology aligned with the principles of green analytical chemistry,enabling the inexpensive,selective,and rapid analysis of triclosan in real wastewater.展开更多
The hybridization chain reaction(HCR)is a widely used nucleic acid amplification technique that is essential for gene expression analysis and disease diagnosis.Despite its inherent stability,traditional HCR often suff...The hybridization chain reaction(HCR)is a widely used nucleic acid amplification technique that is essential for gene expression analysis and disease diagnosis.Despite its inherent stability,traditional HCR often suffers from low detection efficiency,which necessitates the use of supplementary molecular technologies to enhance its performance for detecting trace samples.Drawing insights from confinement theory,we have proposed a novel cruciform DNA scaffold-based HCR reaction system(C-HCR).In our approach,the DNA cruciform is assembled with the initiating probes of the HCR reaction through specific binding between adenine-rich and thymine-rich regions.This assembly with derived chains does not interfere with the HCR process.When a target is present,traditional HCR reactions yield long-chain linear products.However,the incorporation of the DNA cruciform in C-HCR leads to the formation of network-like products,which create favorable conditions for efficient molecular collisions and,in turn,promote high detection efficiency within the system.We utilized miR-21 and miR-27a as model targets to validate our design concept.Our results revealed that the miRNA-specific HCR system for miR-21 and miR-27a achieved significant increases in detection efficiency of 27.8%and 50%,respectively,demonstrating the feasibility and versatility of our design.This study offers a new strategy for enzyme-free amplification systems.展开更多
Ketamine is recognized for its rapid-onset and longer-term antidepressant actions,but the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are not fully comprehended.Our prior research indicated that the covalent modifi...Ketamine is recognized for its rapid-onset and longer-term antidepressant actions,but the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are not fully comprehended.Our prior research indicated that the covalent modification of ketamine or its metabolites on hippocampus protein may contribute to its antidepressant actions,however,the specific molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.In this research,we employed chemical proteomics approaches to investigate comprehensively the covalent interactions between ketamine or its metabolites and hippocampus proteins in vivo.We discovered that ketamine could covalently bind to lysine residues on proteins after bioactivation,complementing our previous finding of cysteine modification.Moreover,comprehensive chemical proteomics analysis revealed that 21 proteins were modified by ketamine or its metabolites in mouse hippocampus.Finally,bioinformatics analysis revealed that ketamine exerted antidepressant effects via multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism especially involved in synaptic plasticity.These findings offer a novel perspective for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of antidepressant action.展开更多
In this study,a novel colorimetric detection method for tryptophan is developed using Au@MnO_(2)NPs based on their redox reaction.Tryptophan etches the outer MnO_(2)NPs shell and forms a stable protective layer outsid...In this study,a novel colorimetric detection method for tryptophan is developed using Au@MnO_(2)NPs based on their redox reaction.Tryptophan etches the outer MnO_(2)NPs shell and forms a stable protective layer outside the released AuNPs core in situ,accompanied by a noticeable color change from brown to pink.According to the absorbance ratio of 545 nm and 580 nm(A_(545)/A_(580)),a rapid(within 1 min),accurate,and specific detection method for tryptophan is constructed amidst other common amino acids.Coupling with a smartphone application,integrated Au@MnO_(2)NPs-based portable test strips can be used for the point-of-care testing(POCT)of tryptophan.展开更多
Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attentio...Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attention.Their rapid identification and precise detection are of critical significance for the risk control of emerging pollutants.展开更多
A novel composite of aptamer-based Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and molecularly imprinted polymer(Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP)with double recognition property was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of ofloxacin(OFL).Fir...A novel composite of aptamer-based Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and molecularly imprinted polymer(Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP)with double recognition property was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of ofloxacin(OFL).First,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)was synthesized using multi-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)in alkaline conditions.Amino Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)was then prepared through Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)in the presence of(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.Carboxyl OFL aptamers were then grafted onto amino Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)to prepare aptamer-modified Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2).A novel composite of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP was prepared with sol–gel method in the presence of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)-Apt-OFL and TEOS.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor exhibited double recognition for OFL because of aptamer specificity and imprinted binding sites.The electrochemical response of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor for OFL was 2.29 and 2.75 times that of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-NIP and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensors,respectively,demonstrating the double recognition of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP for OFL.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor with double recognition displayed a linear peak current to OFL centration from 0.025 to 10μM with a detection limit of 10 nM.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor had excellent selectivity for OFL and has been successfully applied to the detection of OFL in a wastewater sample.展开更多
Fluorescent nanoparticles offer promising applications for bioimaging due to their exceptional attributes,including heightened fluorescence brightness and prolonged photo-stability,surpassing those of traditional fluo...Fluorescent nanoparticles offer promising applications for bioimaging due to their exceptional attributes,including heightened fluorescence brightness and prolonged photo-stability,surpassing those of traditional fluorescent dyes.However,the selection of suitable materials and surface functionalization strategies for the synthesis of efficient fluorescent nanoparticles remains a significant challenge in this field.Here,we report a facile synthesis method of fluorescent nanoparticles,which is rationally designed by coating polydopamine(PDA)on eutectic Gallium-Indium(EGaIn,a liquid metal(LM))under ultrasonic waves to prepare the fluorescent PDA/LM nanoparticles.The fluorescence intensity of the PDA/LM nanoparticles is eightfold greater than that of the pristine PDA nanoparticles and can be quenched by Pb^(2+).It demonstrates that the PDA/LM nanoparticles exhibit superior analytical performance for Pb^(2+)over a linear range from 10 to 100μg/L,with a detection limit of 3μg/L.This probe can be used to detect Pb^(2+)in different vessels.展开更多
In this work,a CoOOH/ZnCdS-Vs sensor with high photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance was successfully developed through a heterojunction design and defect engineering.An S-type heterojunction was formed by the composit...In this work,a CoOOH/ZnCdS-Vs sensor with high photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance was successfully developed through a heterojunction design and defect engineering.An S-type heterojunction was formed by the composite of the cocatalyst CoOOH and ZnCdS and the introduction of sulfur vacancies by annealing,which regulated the strength of Zn-S and Cd-S bonds and promoted a charge transfer.The two synergistically endowed CoOOH/ZnCdS-Vs with the highest photocurrent density of 11.17 mA/cm^(2)at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).Subsequently,it was used to fabricate a PEC sensor for the continuous detection of Cu^(2+)and D-penicillamine(D-PA).Due to the transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,Cu^(2+)was reduced to Cu^(+)and Cu^(0)and formed a new CoOOH/ZnCdS/Cu_(2)S heterojunction,resulting in a decrease in photocurrent density.But the introduction of D-PA restored the photocurrent density because its mercapto and amino groups formed a more stable five-membered ring chelate with Cu^(+).The fabricated PEC sensor exhibited an excellent selectivity,and there was no significant attenuation in photocurrent after 15 days of storage at room temperature.The limits of detection for Cu^(2+)and D-PA were 0.12 nM and 1.26μM,respectively.展开更多
Hexavalent chromium(Cr^(6+))poses significant risks to both individuals and the environment.However,direct detection of Cr^(6+)in fully aqueous media with high sensitivity and selectivity is extremely challenging.Here...Hexavalent chromium(Cr^(6+))poses significant risks to both individuals and the environment.However,direct detection of Cr^(6+)in fully aqueous media with high sensitivity and selectivity is extremely challenging.Herein,an isoindigo-derived chemosensor(II-MT)is developed and utilized as a single use paper-based sensor.This sensor allows for quick and simple screening of Cr^(6+)in water through a significant color change that is visible to the naked eyes.Moreover,via a simple UV detection method,the new sensor enables an accurate trace-level detection of Cr^(6+)at concentration as low as 0.1μM.This detection capability is one order of magnitude lower than the recommended limit for drinking water(0.960μM)set by World Health Organization(WHO).More importantly,the sensor delivers an average recovery of 104.5%and 98.25%for the detection of tap water samples.This convenient,yet accurate,quantification method for Cr^(6+)in spiked tap water was compared to the certified inductive coupled plasma(ICP)method.The agreement between the measurements obtained by our sensor and the ICP method was 93.57%.Mechanistic studies using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)indicate a nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl group of II-MT by HCrO_(4)^(-),resulting in the dye color changing from brown to colorless.Overall,this novel chemosensor has a high potential for application as a selective,sensitive,and disposable paper sensor for direct and rapid screening of Cr^(6+)in real world environments.展开更多
基金financial support of Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(23JCZDJC00720)S&T Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine(22HHZYSS00004)+1 种基金the Key University Science Research Project of Anhui Province(KJ2021A1146,KJ2020A0775)first batch of provincial science and technology mission projects in Anhui Province(2023tpt014)。
文摘Monitoring critical quality attributes in pharmaceutical manufacturing ensures that the final product meets specified requirements.Process analysis allows for appropriate modifications and customization of pharmaceutical design from formulation to production.The laborious sample presentation and throughput have stimulated the development of in-process spectroscopy methods for pharmaceutical analysis.Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated the unique advantages of rapid and nondestructive analysis,good interpretability,and effective moisture interference avoidance.The Raman imaging technique can obtain spatial and chemical information that is useful for characterizing drug quality.This article describes the applications of Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques in pharmaceutical analysis.It covers the monitoring of crystal forms and particle size distribution,quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients,evaluation of contents uniformity,prediction of dissolution profiles in solid preparations,identification of counterfeit drugs,and applications in reverse engineering and process analytical technology.Moreover,the challenges and prospects are proposed to facilitate the continued development of Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques,providing necessary references for further research in this field.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702937)for the financial support。
文摘Steroid hormones,synthesized from cholesterol via cytochrome P450 enzymes,are categorized into adrenocortical hormones and sex hormones.Their monitoring is crucial in clinical and research settings for evaluating disease risk and physiological shifts,as well as for managing medical conditions.The structural similarity and concentration differences of steroid hormones in biological samples create significant challenges for analysis.Traditional immunoassays(IAs)are now less effective due to cross-reactivity and other limitations.Advances in mass spectrometry(MS),especially liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,have become preferred for steroid hormone detection,establishing a new“gold standard”in the field.The paper examines the influence of various pretreatment methods on the sensitivity and detection limits of steroid hormones,including protein precipitation,liquid–liquid extraction,solid-phase extraction,cold-induced phase separation technique,and derivatization technique,providing a crucial reference for clinical steroid detection.This paper reviews IAs and MS methods used recently(2013–2023)for detecting endogenous steroid hormones,highlighting their analytical strengths and limitations.It also discusses recent advancements and future prospects in both IA and MS methodologies.
基金supported by the University of Genoa as part of the Science and Technologies for the Earth and Environment(STAT)doctoral programFinancial support provided by the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research–MUR(Research Project PRIN 2022 n.20223WBTH8,CUP:D53D23008950006)。
文摘In recent years,nonvascular epiphytic communities have been increasingly subjected to extreme climatic conditions,with heavy rains and prolonged droughts.Therefore,understanding their management of water resources provides insight into their ecosystem-level contributions.However,until now,little has been done to assess this feature at a micro-scale level considering species-species interactions.In this context,this study develops an analytical strategy based on hyperspectral imaging(HSI)and chemometrics to map the water content(WC)of nonvascular epiphytic communities during a dehydration process,while considering interactions among life forms.Exploratory analysis of data by means of principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrates that the highest source of variability along the process is due to water loss,though differences among communities can be observed as well.Indeed,the generation of false color RGB score maps enables the evaluation of different life forms'responses,giving an initial understanding of facilitation and competition mechanisms based on community composition.Moreover,the use of multivariate regression using partial least squares(PLS)regression to predict water content at a pixel level,with a final error in prediction around 3%,leads to the visualization of maps representing the WC of each pixel composing the sample,permitting the evaluation of communities'response at a detailed scale,providing a valuable method for recovering spatial information while monitoring dehydration.The analytical impact and novelty of the approach are supported by the consistency in results obtained from developing the model with two different strategies,image-based and pixel-based,and by the complementarity of the information obtained by the two strategies themselves.
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation,21-73-10288Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,FZSR-2024-0005。
文摘Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs)fabricated using a novel“wet-pulling”technique were evaluated for electrochemical detection of dopamine(DA).To enhance the sensitivity,we employed an electrochemical oxidation pretreatment and twisting of CNTFs and investigated the performance by cyclic voltammetry(CV)and chronoamperometry(CA).The synergetic eff ect of twisting and pre-oxidation boosted the sensitivity of modified CNTFs compared to the as-obtained CNTFs due to the introduction of new active sites for efficient trapping of DA molecules.For the oxidized twisted CNTFs,we achieved a sensitivity of 10.8μA·μM^(–1)·cm^(–2)and the limit of detection of 330 nM in the case of CV,and 6.4μA·μM-1·cm-2and 102 nM in the case of CA,respectively.The CNTFs showed good potential for an in vitro application,maintaining sufficient sensitivity under various conditions.When coupled with the suited mechanical properties of CNTFs,the results highlight the prospect of implantable and flexible sensors.
基金funded by research grants including the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1102200)the Open Project of China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center(CFC2023B-039)the Fundamental Research Fund of the Central University(GK202206038)。
文摘The auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper has long been a bottleneck for its utilization as a solid-phase fluorescent substrate.This study thoroughly discussed the impacts of excitation wavelength,chemical modification,and the effects of heavy metal ions on these fluorescence properties of cellulose filter paper,and uncovered the quenching mechanism of Cd^(2+)ions on its auto-fluorescence.Specifically,the Cd^(2+)ions replaced the cations in sodium lignosulfonate,which effectively inhibited the auto-fluorescence of the filter paper.The high affinity of the sulfonic acid groups of the guaiacylpropane and butylpropane units comprising the sodium lignosulfonate for Cd^(2+)ions was further confirmed by calculating the highest occupied molecular orbital—the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(HOMO–LUMO)gap(ΔE).Significantly,we developed a ratiometric fluorescent paper chip,Paper@Mn:ZnS,based on the auto-fluorescence of cellulose filter paper for Cd^(2+)detection.This chip not only achieved a detection limit as low as 2.09 nM but also was successfully applied to the detection of Cd^(2+)ions in actual polluted water samples.
基金supported by the Project of tacking of key scientifi c and technical problems in Henan Province(192102310033)。
文摘This study employs an N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization(NCA ROP)signal amplification strategy to construct a novel sensing system for the simple and rapid detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA(tRNA).In the developed fluorescent biosensor,carboxylated biomagnetic beads serve as carriers for target capture based on the complementary pairing of the aptamer bases.Subsequently,NCA ROP fluorescent peptides are utilized as highly biocompatible signal carriers to achieve sensitive detection of the target.Under the optimal conditions,the biosensor exhibits a broad linear detection range from 1 pM to 10 nM,with a detection limit as low as 0.085 pM.Furthermore,the fluorescent aptamer biosensor demonstrates robust affinity and reliability in recovery experiments involving healthy R ehmannia glutinosa leaf total RNA.This work establishes a robust platform for tRNA analysis,facilitating real-time and early diagnosis of various plant viruses.
基金supported by the Open funding of the Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,China(2024-ZLKF-33)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(2023-MSBA-018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(DUT21RC(3)057 and DUT23YG228)。
文摘A simple analytical assay based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)and micro-solid phase extraction(μ-SPE)techniques was established for the quantification of polypropylene glycol 4K(PPG4K)polymers in cellular samples.Afterμ-SPE,the analytes were concentrated and separated on a reversed phase C18column.Collision induced dissociation(CID)was tested and the parent ions of PPG4K polymers were fragmented with a relatively high value of declustering potential(DP)in the ion source.Numerous fragment ions associated with the structure of PPG4K were generated in ion source at m/z 58n+1([M+H]+),58n+18([M+NH_(4)]^(+)),58n+23([M+Na]+)and 58n+39([M+K]+),respectively.[M+NH_(4)]^(+)adducts were selected and further fragmented in the second quadrupole of the UHPLC-MS/MS system.Multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)transition at m/z 598.4[M+NH_(4)]^(+)(58×10+18)→175.0 was selected to determine PPG4K polymers in cellular samples owing to its excellent selectivity and higher sensitivity compared with the other MRM transitions.The developed analytical assay was successfully applied to the bioanalysis of PPG4K polymers in cellular samples.The lower limit of quantification(LLOQ)was 10 ng/mL and the limit of detection(LOD)was 2.5 ng/mL for PPG4K polymers.This study provides a novel analytical strategy for the determination of PPG4K polymers,which is coupled withμ-SPE and the selection of[M+NH_(4)]^(+)adduct strategy to enhance sensitivity.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB033)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22304015)+5 种基金the Scientifi c Research Start-up Fund of Binzhou Medical University(BY2022KYQD43BY2021KYQD21)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103112)the Development Plan of Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(2021KJ052)the Supporting Fund for Leading Talents above Provincial Level in Yantai(10073803)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center(2022HSC-CIP012)。
文摘As the key factor in brain development and fat metabolism,choline is widely present in foods,especially in health care and dairy products.In this study,a simple,rapid,sensitive,and cost-eff ective method was proposed for choline detection based on luminol derivate(L012)doped amino silica nanoparticles(L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)).L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)exhibited a 47-fold increase in the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)response and much better uniformity and dispersion compared with conventional luminol-doped silica nanoparticles(Luminol@SiNPs).We thus constructed an ECL biosensor based on the L012@SiNPs-NH_(2)/H_(2)O_(2)system,in which co-reactant H_(2)O_(2)is generated from dissolved oxygen during the process of oxidation of choline by choline oxidase.Significantly,the ECL biosensor shows a linear relationship between ECL intensity and choline concentration in the range of 1–5000μM,with a low limit of detection of 1μM.Additionally,the recovery tests from milk powders were conducted,demonstrating its practical application potential,which could be expanded to other oxidase-related analytes detection.It greatly broadened the application of L012 based nano-emitters in biological,food,and clinical analysis.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(KFJ-STS-QYZD-188)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22476064)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(21624203)。
文摘Brucellosis is a highly infectious anthropozoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella,which is the pathogenic bacteria in public health risk and occupation exposure.Therefore,rapid detection and identification of Brucella is crucial for controlling and managing the prevalence of brucellosis.In this work,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)combined with machine learning(ML)algorithms was developed to identify Brucella isolates at the species level rapidly.A total of 1440 MALDI spectral data from 59 strains of B.melitensis(23 strains of B.melitensis bv.1 and 36 strains of B.melitensis bv.3)were obtained.Four ML algorithms including support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and logistic regression(LR)were compared for typing Brucella species.The area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,precision-recall ratio(PR),accuracy,specificity,and sensitivity were used to evaluate the performances of diff erent ML algorithms.These results showed that MALDI-TOF MS combined with the XGBoost algorithm is the best method for typing Brucella species with good performances,demonstrating the significant potential applications in the diagnosis,control,and epidemiology of brucellosis.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technologysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271979)。
文摘Detecting trace pesticide residues in food products is crucial for ensuring food safety.Terahertz technology has demonstrated significant advantages in chemical and biological sensing by utilizing the vibrational signatures inherent to molecules in the terahertz spectrum and leveraging the amplified electric fields facilitated by metamaterials.In this work,we introduce a novel method for imidacloprid(IMI)pesticide residue detection using the rod-shaped terahertz metamaterial(RSTM)with a composite interface of gold and conductive polymer polyaniline(PANI).The core mechanism of this method relies on the binding of IMI to PANI,which alters the resonance intensity and frequency of the Au-PANI-RSTM.Specifically,the RSTM parameters are determined using computer simulation technology(CST),and the RSTM structure is engraved on the Au-PANI surface using laser direct writing technology.Further characterization using mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques reveals that the stable bonding between PANI and IMI is facilitated by hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding.The detection limit of Au-PANI-RSTM deposited with 20 segments for IMI is 0.46 ppm,which complies with the maximum residue limit for IMI stipulated in the Chinese National Standard.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82304197 and 21605093)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(B2023201013)+4 种基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2024135)Hebei Province Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan Project(22567620H)Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(DXK202411)Medical Science Foundation of Hebei University(2023A02)Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education(MCMDZR-2024002)。
文摘Dual-signal electrochemical sensors have inherent self-correction function to overcome disturbances of experimental and environmental factors,but suffer from electrodes'modification or functional materials'preparation,resulting in cumbersome operation,weak stability and poor recognition efficiency.Herein,we propose a dual-signal electrochemical strategy for microRNA senstive detection based on target-driven T7 exonuclease(T7 Exo)-mediated signal amplification that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.The recognition of methylene(MB)and ferrocene(Fc)co-tagged ssDNA(MB/Fc-ssDNA)by miRNA-155 resulted in the formation of double-stranded nucleic acids,which switched T7 Exo-assisted catalytic digestion on MB/Fc-ssDNA,achieving 1:N amplified generation of MB-mononucleotides(mNs)and Fc-mNs.Compared with MB/Fc-ssDNA,MB-mNs and Fc-mNs exhibited significantly declined electrostatic repulsion force toward working electrode,and then simultaneously generated two signals at distinct potentials,in which dual-signal analysis of miRNA-155 was achieved with limit of detection down to~fM level.This work renders a novel thinking concept to develop high-performance electrochemical sensors for early and reliable diagnosis of miRNA-related diseases,advancing the rapid development of intelligent medicines.
基金financially supported by ANID-FONDECYT No.1201978DICYT Asociativo USACH 022242TN_DAS。
文摘A rapid and effective analytical method was developed for the detection of triclosan in wastewater samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent thymol-lidocaine(Thy-Lid,molar ratio of 1:1)and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME).The analyte was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA),obtaining a detection limit of 0.38μg/L,a recovery rate of 99%,and an enrichment factor of the analyte in the water of 80.A factorial design was used to optimize the analytical signal to improve the time and reduce the cost of the method.Combining this chemometric optimization tool with a green solvent and DLLME allows for obtaining an analytical methodology aligned with the principles of green analytical chemistry,enabling the inexpensive,selective,and rapid analysis of triclosan in real wastewater.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085QH303)Anhui Provincial Health Research Program(AHWJ2022b113)Basic and Clinical Collaboration Program of Anhui Medical University(2022sfy004)。
文摘The hybridization chain reaction(HCR)is a widely used nucleic acid amplification technique that is essential for gene expression analysis and disease diagnosis.Despite its inherent stability,traditional HCR often suffers from low detection efficiency,which necessitates the use of supplementary molecular technologies to enhance its performance for detecting trace samples.Drawing insights from confinement theory,we have proposed a novel cruciform DNA scaffold-based HCR reaction system(C-HCR).In our approach,the DNA cruciform is assembled with the initiating probes of the HCR reaction through specific binding between adenine-rich and thymine-rich regions.This assembly with derived chains does not interfere with the HCR process.When a target is present,traditional HCR reactions yield long-chain linear products.However,the incorporation of the DNA cruciform in C-HCR leads to the formation of network-like products,which create favorable conditions for efficient molecular collisions and,in turn,promote high detection efficiency within the system.We utilized miR-21 and miR-27a as model targets to validate our design concept.Our results revealed that the miRNA-specific HCR system for miR-21 and miR-27a achieved significant increases in detection efficiency of 27.8%and 50%,respectively,demonstrating the feasibility and versatility of our design.This study offers a new strategy for enzyme-free amplification systems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File no.0001/2020/AKP and 006/2023/SKL)the Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22406065)。
文摘Ketamine is recognized for its rapid-onset and longer-term antidepressant actions,but the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are not fully comprehended.Our prior research indicated that the covalent modification of ketamine or its metabolites on hippocampus protein may contribute to its antidepressant actions,however,the specific molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.In this research,we employed chemical proteomics approaches to investigate comprehensively the covalent interactions between ketamine or its metabolites and hippocampus proteins in vivo.We discovered that ketamine could covalently bind to lysine residues on proteins after bioactivation,complementing our previous finding of cysteine modification.Moreover,comprehensive chemical proteomics analysis revealed that 21 proteins were modified by ketamine or its metabolites in mouse hippocampus.Finally,bioinformatics analysis revealed that ketamine exerted antidepressant effects via multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism especially involved in synaptic plasticity.These findings offer a novel perspective for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of antidepressant action.
基金College student innovation training program of Guangzhou University,202311078018the National Key Research and Development Program of China,2022YFE0201800+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,24xkjc025Tertiary Education Scientific research project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau,2024312227Guangzhou University Instrument and Equipment Open Sharing Fund,Year 2024。
文摘In this study,a novel colorimetric detection method for tryptophan is developed using Au@MnO_(2)NPs based on their redox reaction.Tryptophan etches the outer MnO_(2)NPs shell and forms a stable protective layer outside the released AuNPs core in situ,accompanied by a noticeable color change from brown to pink.According to the absorbance ratio of 545 nm and 580 nm(A_(545)/A_(580)),a rapid(within 1 min),accurate,and specific detection method for tryptophan is constructed amidst other common amino acids.Coupling with a smartphone application,integrated Au@MnO_(2)NPs-based portable test strips can be used for the point-of-care testing(POCT)of tryptophan.
文摘Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attention.Their rapid identification and precise detection are of critical significance for the risk control of emerging pollutants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21507041,21677060)the Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGF21B050004)+1 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202352065)Jiaxing Municipal Public Welfare Research Project(2022AY10015)。
文摘A novel composite of aptamer-based Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and molecularly imprinted polymer(Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP)with double recognition property was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of ofloxacin(OFL).First,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)was synthesized using multi-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)in alkaline conditions.Amino Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)was then prepared through Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)in the presence of(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.Carboxyl OFL aptamers were then grafted onto amino Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)to prepare aptamer-modified Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2).A novel composite of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP was prepared with sol–gel method in the presence of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@SiO_(2)-Apt-OFL and TEOS.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor exhibited double recognition for OFL because of aptamer specificity and imprinted binding sites.The electrochemical response of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor for OFL was 2.29 and 2.75 times that of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-NIP and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensors,respectively,demonstrating the double recognition of Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP for OFL.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor with double recognition displayed a linear peak current to OFL centration from 0.025 to 10μM with a detection limit of 10 nM.The Apt-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MIP sensor had excellent selectivity for OFL and has been successfully applied to the detection of OFL in a wastewater sample.
基金supported by the Open Foundation,Key Laboratory of Forensic Marks,Ministry of Public Security of China(2021FMKFKT04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176221)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAFS 2024XT09)。
文摘Fluorescent nanoparticles offer promising applications for bioimaging due to their exceptional attributes,including heightened fluorescence brightness and prolonged photo-stability,surpassing those of traditional fluorescent dyes.However,the selection of suitable materials and surface functionalization strategies for the synthesis of efficient fluorescent nanoparticles remains a significant challenge in this field.Here,we report a facile synthesis method of fluorescent nanoparticles,which is rationally designed by coating polydopamine(PDA)on eutectic Gallium-Indium(EGaIn,a liquid metal(LM))under ultrasonic waves to prepare the fluorescent PDA/LM nanoparticles.The fluorescence intensity of the PDA/LM nanoparticles is eightfold greater than that of the pristine PDA nanoparticles and can be quenched by Pb^(2+).It demonstrates that the PDA/LM nanoparticles exhibit superior analytical performance for Pb^(2+)over a linear range from 10 to 100μg/L,with a detection limit of 3μg/L.This probe can be used to detect Pb^(2+)in different vessels.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011228,2021A1515011513,2019A1515012169)Special Project in Key Fields of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Science and Technology Services for Rural Revitalization)(2021ZDZX4002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573678)。
文摘In this work,a CoOOH/ZnCdS-Vs sensor with high photoelectrochemical(PEC)performance was successfully developed through a heterojunction design and defect engineering.An S-type heterojunction was formed by the composite of the cocatalyst CoOOH and ZnCdS and the introduction of sulfur vacancies by annealing,which regulated the strength of Zn-S and Cd-S bonds and promoted a charge transfer.The two synergistically endowed CoOOH/ZnCdS-Vs with the highest photocurrent density of 11.17 mA/cm^(2)at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).Subsequently,it was used to fabricate a PEC sensor for the continuous detection of Cu^(2+)and D-penicillamine(D-PA).Due to the transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,Cu^(2+)was reduced to Cu^(+)and Cu^(0)and formed a new CoOOH/ZnCdS/Cu_(2)S heterojunction,resulting in a decrease in photocurrent density.But the introduction of D-PA restored the photocurrent density because its mercapto and amino groups formed a more stable five-membered ring chelate with Cu^(+).The fabricated PEC sensor exhibited an excellent selectivity,and there was no significant attenuation in photocurrent after 15 days of storage at room temperature.The limits of detection for Cu^(2+)and D-PA were 0.12 nM and 1.26μM,respectively.
基金Saudi Arabian government,particularly Ministry of education,and Umm Al-Qura University for the financial support and the PhD scholarshipthe Australian Research Council(ARC)for the Future Fellowship(Grant No.FT130101337)。
文摘Hexavalent chromium(Cr^(6+))poses significant risks to both individuals and the environment.However,direct detection of Cr^(6+)in fully aqueous media with high sensitivity and selectivity is extremely challenging.Herein,an isoindigo-derived chemosensor(II-MT)is developed and utilized as a single use paper-based sensor.This sensor allows for quick and simple screening of Cr^(6+)in water through a significant color change that is visible to the naked eyes.Moreover,via a simple UV detection method,the new sensor enables an accurate trace-level detection of Cr^(6+)at concentration as low as 0.1μM.This detection capability is one order of magnitude lower than the recommended limit for drinking water(0.960μM)set by World Health Organization(WHO).More importantly,the sensor delivers an average recovery of 104.5%and 98.25%for the detection of tap water samples.This convenient,yet accurate,quantification method for Cr^(6+)in spiked tap water was compared to the certified inductive coupled plasma(ICP)method.The agreement between the measurements obtained by our sensor and the ICP method was 93.57%.Mechanistic studies using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)indicate a nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl group of II-MT by HCrO_(4)^(-),resulting in the dye color changing from brown to colorless.Overall,this novel chemosensor has a high potential for application as a selective,sensitive,and disposable paper sensor for direct and rapid screening of Cr^(6+)in real world environments.
