Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies.This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years.Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints,delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs.We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies,furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities.This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI,and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field.Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives.Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity,invasiveness,biocompatibility,and other pivotal considerations is imperative.By doing so,we can propel BCI technology forward,bolstering its effectiveness,safety,and depend-ability,thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.展开更多
With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless commun...With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.展开更多
Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same di...Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same disastrous event,some firms/regions/countries appeared to cope with it more quickly and efficiently due to their resilient supply chains.In the current world where major emergencies and disasters occur frequently,we urgently call for more effective strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience(SCR).We further stress that SCR strategies build on more solid scientific research including properly measuring SCR at both micro-and macro-levels and conducting appropriate assessment of economic risks to supply chain disruptions.展开更多
An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,op...An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.展开更多
Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent i...Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent in the fields of physics and materials science,allowing researchers to investigate the dynamic properties of various dielectric materials within the 0.1 to 10 THz frequency range,which is previously a challenging spectrum to access.This paper reviews recent advancements and the challenges faced by commonly used coherent detectors in THz-TDS.Our discussion emphasizes the potential for new discoveries in THz photonics and highlights the crucial role of coherent detection in the study of laser-matter interactions.展开更多
Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have sh...Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have shown an ever-increasing pace and reached an unprecedented height than before.Historically,the past few decades have already witnessed much progress in THz generation and detection technologies,which have been recognized for a long time as the bottleneck preventing the THz waves from being tamed by human beings.How-ever,the importance of developing advanced components such as antennas,transmission lines,filters,power amplimers,etc.,which constitute the basic building blocks of a THz wireless system,should not be overlooked for the sake of exploiting the THz spectra for future advanced wireless communications,sensing and imaging applications.While producing a scannable highly-directive antenna beam proves to be indispensable in the pe-riod of microwaves,the significance of such functionality is more critical in the THz era,considering that THz waves have more intractable challenges such as the severity of free-space propagation losses,the susceptibility to atmospheric environments,and the unavailability of efficient signal sources.This article is structured under this background,which is dedicated to reviewing several enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts,structures,and architectures that have been developed for THz wireless systems.Specifically,we divide these THz beam-scanning solutions into four basic groups based on different mechanisms,i.e.,mechanical motion,phased array,frequency beam-scanning,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.展开更多
Mammography is the mainstream imaging modality used for breast cancer screening.Identification of microcalcifications associated with malignancy may result in early diagnosis of breast cancer and aid in reducing the m...Mammography is the mainstream imaging modality used for breast cancer screening.Identification of microcalcifications associated with malignancy may result in early diagnosis of breast cancer and aid in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)is a promising technique due to its efficiency and accuracy.Here,we demonstrated that an automated deep-learning pipeline for microcalcification detection and classification on mammography can facilitate early diagnosis of breast cancer.This technique can not only provide the classification results of mammography,but also annotate specific calcification regions.A large mammography dataset was collected,including 4,810 mammograms with 6,663 microcalcification lesions based on biopsy results,of which 3,301 were malignant and 3,362 were benign.The system was developed and tested using images from multiple centers.The overall classification accuracy values for discriminating between benign and malignant breasts were 0.8124 for the training set and 0.7237 for the test set.The sensitivity values of malignant breast cancer prediction were 0.8891 for the training set and 0.7778 for the test set.In addition,we collected information regarding pathological sub-type(pathotype)and estrogen receptor(ER)status,and we subsequently explored the effectiveness of deep learning-based pathotype and ER classification.Automated artificial intelligence(AI)systems may assist clinicians in making judgments and improve their efficiency in breast cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the ris...The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains.This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience,such as stockpiling,multi-sourcing,capacity reservation,and flexible supply contracts.We classify these strategies into two categories:one deals with supply-side disruption risks,and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks.For each category,we summarize the practical challenges,the state-of-art research,and potential avenues for future research.展开更多
Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby ...Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby result in improved key properties.The fluorination strategy has enabled the modification of material chemistry and properties at the microscale of fluorooxysalts,providing a diversity previously unattainable in oxysalts.Here,we review the recent progress,status,future opportunities,and challenges with concern of the chemical and material aspects for fluorooxysalts that contain fluorine-involved M-F bonds.The entire evolution of fluorooxysalts-from synthesis to structural chemistry and their functionality-is examined from the perspective of the polyanion.This review paper details how qualities of optical crystals,battery materials,and inorganic framework materials can be greatly enhanced by understanding the chemistry of inorganic fluorooxysalts.This review centers on the critical role that fluorine plays in the synthesis,characterization,and physical properties of these materials.展开更多
Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,a...Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,and viruses.These biosensors are characterized by their rapid response,sensitivity,non-destructive,label-free operation,minimal sample requirement,and user-friendly design,which also allows for integration with various technical approaches.Advancing beyond traditional biosensors,terahertz metamaterial biosensors facilitate rapid and non-destructive trace detection in biomedical applications,contributing to timely diagnosis and early screening of diseases.In this paper,the theoretical basis and advanced progress of these biosensors are discussed in depth,focusing on three key areas:improving the sensitivity and specificity,and reducing the influence of water absorption in biological samples.This paper also analyzes the potential and future development of these biosensors for expanded applications.It highlights their potential for multi-band tuning,intelligent operations,and flexible,wearable biosensor applications.This review provides a valuable reference for the follow-up research and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.展开更多
Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s ...Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s disease involve the loss of catecholamine neurons.One of the main challenges is the accumulation of catecholamine(CA)metabolites.Reducing the metabolic aggregation toxicity of the transmitter molecules remains an open question.In this work,we proposed a novel physical method,terahertz-triggered dedocking,to unbind ligand molecules that accumulate around receptor proteins,potentially alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.We found that electromagnetic stimulation at 44.5 THz successfully dissociates the DA ligand from the binding sites at the receptor by breaking weak hydrogen bonds.Using molecular docking,we identified multiple binding sites for CA neurotransmitter molecules within the dopamine receptor D2(DRD2).We also characterized the terahertz fingerprints and theoretical spectra of CAs across the 0.5 to 50 THz range,revealing their microscopic vibrational modes at characteristic peak positions and elucidating how specific vibrations influence molecular conformational changes.This finding highlights the potential of terahertz radiation in regulating the nervous system and provides new theoretical support for neural drug discovery and the intervention of neurological disorders.展开更多
Exosomes are natural nano-size particles secreted by human cells,containing numerous bioactive cargos.Serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication,exosomes are involved in many physiological and patholo...Exosomes are natural nano-size particles secreted by human cells,containing numerous bioactive cargos.Serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication,exosomes are involved in many physiological and pathological processes,such as inflammation,tissue injury,cardiovascular diseases,tumorigenesis and tumor development.Exosomes have exhibited promising results in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer,cardiovascular diseases and others.They are a rapidly growing class of drug delivery vehicles with many advantages over conventional synthetic carriers.Exosomes used in therapeutic applications encounter several challenges,such as the lack of tissue targeting capabilities and short residence time.In this review,we discuss recent advances in exosome engineering to improve tissue targeting and describe the current types of engineered exosome-like nanovesicles,and summarize their preclinical applications in the treatment of diseases.Further,we also highlight the latest engineering strategies developed to extend exosomes retention time in vivo and exosome-like nanovesicles.展开更多
The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that ene...The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that energy recovery,physical recycling and chemical recycling pathways have been developed to tackle the recycle and reuse of polymers.Among them,chemical recycling is considered as the most pivotal solution,as it can depolymerize the polymer wastes back to monomers,which then repolymerize into polymer materials.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the development of chemically recyclable polymers through monomer design to shift“polymerization-depolymerization”equilibrium to realize the selective depolymerization of the polymers into monomers,and to achieve chemical recycling closed-loop.This article reviews the closed-loop polymers such as polyesters,polycarbonates,sulfur-containing polymers,vinyl monomer-based polymers as well as other types of polymers.Moreover,the challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed.展开更多
Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications....Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications.While significant advancements have been made in Ga_(2)O_(3)material and device research,there are still challenges related to its ultra-low thermal conductivity and the lack of effective p-type doping methods.These limitations hinder the fabrication of complex device structures and the enhancement of device performance.This review aims to provide an introduction to the research development of Ga_(2)O_(3)heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices based on heterogeneous integration technology.By utilizing ion-cutting and wafer bonding techniques,heterogeneous substrates with high thermal conductivity have been realized,offering a viable solution to overcome the thermal limitations of Ga_(2)O_(3).Compared to Ga_(2)O_(3)bulk devices,Ga_(2)O_(3)devices fabricated on heterogeneous substrates integrated with SiC or Si exhibit superior thermal properties.Power diodes and superjunction transistors based on p-NiO/n-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunctions on heterogeneous substrates have demonstrated outstanding electrical characteristics,presenting a feasible method for the development of bipolar devices.The technologies of heterogeneous integration and heterojunction address critical issues related to Ga_(2)O_(3),thereby advancing the commercial applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)devices in power and RF fields.By integrating Ga_(2)O_(3)with other materials and leveraging heterojunction interfaces,researchers and engineers have made significant progress in improving device performance and overcoming limitations.These advancements pave the way for the wider adoption of Ga_(2)O_(3)-based devices in various power and RF applications.展开更多
Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic ...Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic modalities.This study introduces terahertz(THz)photoneuromodulation as an innovative physical intervention for depression,offering several advantages over conventional pharmacological or optogenetic approaches.Mild THz photoneuromodulation circumvents the need for exogenous agents or genetic modifications,mitigating potential risks while precisely modulating neurotransmitter levels and neuronal excitability to alleviate depression-like behaviors.In a chronic restraint stress(CRS)mouse model,THz photostimulation rapidly attenuated hyperactivity and increased serotonin levels by 107.5%±45.3%in lateral orbitofrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons(OFCGlu)compared to those treated with antidepressants.This led to marked improvements in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive function.Furthermore,THz modulation of OFC activity recapitulated the effects of chemogenetic inhibition,underscoring the OFC’s pivotal role in regulating depressive states.This research unveils THz photoneuromodulation as a promising,safe,rapid-acting,and durable neurotherapeutic strategy addressing persistent unmet needs in depression treatment.展开更多
Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods com...Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods commonly adopt predefined graph augmentations to generate two contrastive views.Subsequently,they design a contrastive pretext task between these views with the goal of maximizing their agreement.These methods as-sume the augmented graph can fully preserve the semantics of the original.However,typical data augmentation strategies in GCL,such as random edge dropping,may alter the properties of the original graph.As a result,previous GCL methods overlooked graph differences,potentially leading to difficulty distinguishing between graphs that are structurally similar but semantically different.Therefore,we argue that it is necessary to design a method that can quantify the dissimilarity between the original and augmented graphs to more accurately capture the relationships between samples.In this work,we propose a novel graph contrastive learning framework,named Accurate Difference-based Node-Level Graph Contrastive Learning(DNGCL),which helps the model distinguish similar graphs with slight differences by learning node-level differences between graphs.Specifically,we train the model to distinguish between original and augmented nodes via a node discriminator and employ cosine dissimilarity to accurately measure the difference between each node.Furthermore,we employ multiple types of data augmentation commonly used in current GCL methods on the original graph,aiming to learn the differences between nodes under different augmentation strategies and help the model learn richer local information.We conduct extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets and the results show that our DNGCL outperforms most state-of-the-art baselines,which strongly validates the effectiveness of our model.展开更多
Realization of practical terahertz wireless communications still faces many challenges.The receiver with high sensitivity is important for THz wireless communications.Here we demonstrate a terahertz receiver based on ...Realization of practical terahertz wireless communications still faces many challenges.The receiver with high sensitivity is important for THz wireless communications.Here we demonstrate a terahertz receiver based on the cesium Rydberg atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell.The minimum detectable THz electric field is calibrated.With this receiver,the phase-sensitive conversion of amplitude-modulated or frequency-modulated terahertz waves into optical signals is performed.The results show that the atomic receiver has many advantages due to its quantum properties.Particularly,the long distance THz wireless communications is achievable using this receiver.Furthermore,the atomic receiver can be used in the THz wireless-to-optical link.展开更多
China’s official heavy rare earths(HREs)supply,vital to the global sustainable transition,has declined by 90%over the past 20 years.Global concerns have mounted regarding China’s production quota policies,yet the re...China’s official heavy rare earths(HREs)supply,vital to the global sustainable transition,has declined by 90%over the past 20 years.Global concerns have mounted regarding China’s production quota policies,yet the real-world bottlenecks remain unclear.This study explores China’s terbium(a critical HREs element)supply-demand conflicts and supply chain bottlenecks,and further simulates future potential changes.We identify a growing terbium shortage(a total of 3300 metric tons)in China as its registered production declined by 90%during the period from 2007 to 2018.Contrary to previous views that attribute HREs supply limitations to the production quota policy,we find that only 25%of China’s quota related to HREs was utilized in 2018.Such a large quota-supply gap stems primarily from the enforced closures of HREs mines since the current mining techniques failed to reach strict environmental regulations.Furthermore,our simulations predict a 2-5-fold increase in terbium shortage by 2060 under the burgeoning ambitions in electric vehicles and wind power.However,this loom-ing shortage could potentially be mitigated by 27%-70%under the scenario of breakthroughs in green mining techniques.This study highlights the urgency of seeking and promoting HREs green mining technologies,with implications for shifting global attention from geopolitical competition to green supply of rare earth and other minerals.展开更多
Major depressive disorder(MDD),a widespread psychiatric disease with significant impacts on neurological functioning and quality of life,affects 4.4%of the global population.Despite the availability of various treatme...Major depressive disorder(MDD),a widespread psychiatric disease with significant impacts on neurological functioning and quality of life,affects 4.4%of the global population.Despite the availability of various treatments,including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy,approximately 50%of patients with MDD exhibit inadequate responses,leading to treatment-resistant depression(TRD).This review evaluates novel physical treatments for depression,focusing on music therapy,light therapy,cold therapy,and brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),and deep-brain stimulation(DBS).Music therapy leverages the emotional and social benefits of music to improve mood and cognitive function.Light therapy influences circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter modulation to reduce depressive symptoms.Cold therapy,by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and neurotransmitter systems,offers a promising approach for depression management.Brain stimulation techniques,including rTMS,tDCS,and DBS,provide non-pharmacological alternatives by modulating brain activity and connectivity.Although these novel treatments show potential,significant variabilities in clinical outcomes highlight the need for personalized treatment strategies.Future research should prioritize elucidating the mechanisms of these therapies,optimizing treatment protocols,and conducting larger randomized controlled trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety.The integration of advanced technologies and comprehensive mechanistic analyses will be crucial for advancing the field and improving treatment outcomes for MDD.展开更多
A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterpret...A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses,has been studied widely.Whereas,its effect on SA is yet to be explored.The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance,and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process.Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy,as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic(EEG)data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task-ultimatum game(UG)paradigm.52 patients with psychiatric disorders(including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters)and 22 healthy controls(HC)performed in UG.Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR,but SA showed less improvement compared to HC.The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task,suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA.Besides,we extracted the late-positive potential(LPP)and theta-gamma coupling(TGC)of EEG for analysis.The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones,reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations.In addition,SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes,which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA.This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(U2241208,62171473,61671424)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3602803,2023YFF1205300)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(2023BEG02063)。
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies.This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years.Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints,delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs.We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies,furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities.This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI,and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field.Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives.Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity,invasiveness,biocompatibility,and other pivotal considerations is imperative.By doing so,we can propel BCI technology forward,bolstering its effectiveness,safety,and depend-ability,thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.
基金support by the National Science Foundation of China(62071046,62471033)the U.S.National Science Foundation(CNS-1954780,ECCS-1102222)the U.S.Air Force Research Laboratory.
文摘With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(71903186,72103184,and 71988101)the MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy Simulation at UCAS.
文摘Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same disastrous event,some firms/regions/countries appeared to cope with it more quickly and efficiently due to their resilient supply chains.In the current world where major emergencies and disasters occur frequently,we urgently call for more effective strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience(SCR).We further stress that SCR strategies build on more solid scientific research including properly measuring SCR at both micro-and macro-levels and conducting appropriate assessment of economic risks to supply chain disruptions.
基金the supports by CAS(2022-X01-B-008)and NSFC(L2124038).
文摘An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074272)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ20231002825)the Youth Beijing Scholar Program administered by the Beijing Government.
文摘Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent in the fields of physics and materials science,allowing researchers to investigate the dynamic properties of various dielectric materials within the 0.1 to 10 THz frequency range,which is previously a challenging spectrum to access.This paper reviews recent advancements and the challenges faced by commonly used coherent detectors in THz-TDS.Our discussion emphasizes the potential for new discoveries in THz photonics and highlights the crucial role of coherent detection in the study of laser-matter interactions.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241276)the University Grants Committee/Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(AoE/E-101/23-N and CityU 9610655)+3 种基金the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623258)the Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves,Fudan University(EMW202401)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2906103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122019).
文摘Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have shown an ever-increasing pace and reached an unprecedented height than before.Historically,the past few decades have already witnessed much progress in THz generation and detection technologies,which have been recognized for a long time as the bottleneck preventing the THz waves from being tamed by human beings.How-ever,the importance of developing advanced components such as antennas,transmission lines,filters,power amplimers,etc.,which constitute the basic building blocks of a THz wireless system,should not be overlooked for the sake of exploiting the THz spectra for future advanced wireless communications,sensing and imaging applications.While producing a scannable highly-directive antenna beam proves to be indispensable in the pe-riod of microwaves,the significance of such functionality is more critical in the THz era,considering that THz waves have more intractable challenges such as the severity of free-space propagation losses,the susceptibility to atmospheric environments,and the unavailability of efficient signal sources.This article is structured under this background,which is dedicated to reviewing several enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts,structures,and architectures that have been developed for THz wireless systems.Specifically,we divide these THz beam-scanning solutions into four basic groups based on different mechanisms,i.e.,mechanical motion,phased array,frequency beam-scanning,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072916,82071878,U2001209,61902076,and 61772137)the 2018 Shanghai Youth Excellent Academic Leader,the Fudan ZHUOSHI Project,Chinese Young Breast Experts Research project(CYBER-2021-A01)+3 种基金Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Tumor Diseases,Xuhui District Artificial Intelligence Medical Hospital Cooperation Project(2020-008)Shanghai Science and Technology Foundation(19DZ1930502)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR2008A)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1406600).
文摘Mammography is the mainstream imaging modality used for breast cancer screening.Identification of microcalcifications associated with malignancy may result in early diagnosis of breast cancer and aid in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)is a promising technique due to its efficiency and accuracy.Here,we demonstrated that an automated deep-learning pipeline for microcalcification detection and classification on mammography can facilitate early diagnosis of breast cancer.This technique can not only provide the classification results of mammography,but also annotate specific calcification regions.A large mammography dataset was collected,including 4,810 mammograms with 6,663 microcalcification lesions based on biopsy results,of which 3,301 were malignant and 3,362 were benign.The system was developed and tested using images from multiple centers.The overall classification accuracy values for discriminating between benign and malignant breasts were 0.8124 for the training set and 0.7237 for the test set.The sensitivity values of malignant breast cancer prediction were 0.8891 for the training set and 0.7778 for the test set.In addition,we collected information regarding pathological sub-type(pathotype)and estrogen receptor(ER)status,and we subsequently explored the effectiveness of deep learning-based pathotype and ER classification.Automated artificial intelligence(AI)systems may assist clinicians in making judgments and improve their efficiency in breast cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72104131).
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains.This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience,such as stockpiling,multi-sourcing,capacity reservation,and flexible supply contracts.We classify these strategies into two categories:one deals with supply-side disruption risks,and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks.For each category,we summarize the practical challenges,the state-of-art research,and potential avenues for future research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0717800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322510)+3 种基金West Light Foundation of CAS(XBZG-ZDSYS-202201)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200068)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(2022D01E087)Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program(2022TSYCCX0071),and CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-024).
文摘Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby result in improved key properties.The fluorination strategy has enabled the modification of material chemistry and properties at the microscale of fluorooxysalts,providing a diversity previously unattainable in oxysalts.Here,we review the recent progress,status,future opportunities,and challenges with concern of the chemical and material aspects for fluorooxysalts that contain fluorine-involved M-F bonds.The entire evolution of fluorooxysalts-from synthesis to structural chemistry and their functionality-is examined from the perspective of the polyanion.This review paper details how qualities of optical crystals,battery materials,and inorganic framework materials can be greatly enhanced by understanding the chemistry of inorganic fluorooxysalts.This review centers on the critical role that fluorine plays in the synthesis,characterization,and physical properties of these materials.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62435010,62335012,61988102).
文摘Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,and viruses.These biosensors are characterized by their rapid response,sensitivity,non-destructive,label-free operation,minimal sample requirement,and user-friendly design,which also allows for integration with various technical approaches.Advancing beyond traditional biosensors,terahertz metamaterial biosensors facilitate rapid and non-destructive trace detection in biomedical applications,contributing to timely diagnosis and early screening of diseases.In this paper,the theoretical basis and advanced progress of these biosensors are discussed in depth,focusing on three key areas:improving the sensitivity and specificity,and reducing the influence of water absorption in biological samples.This paper also analyzes the potential and future development of these biosensors for expanded applications.It highlights their potential for multi-band tuning,intelligent operations,and flexible,wearable biosensor applications.This review provides a valuable reference for the follow-up research and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075225,12374214,12204499)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-042)sponsored by Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1404200).
文摘Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s disease involve the loss of catecholamine neurons.One of the main challenges is the accumulation of catecholamine(CA)metabolites.Reducing the metabolic aggregation toxicity of the transmitter molecules remains an open question.In this work,we proposed a novel physical method,terahertz-triggered dedocking,to unbind ligand molecules that accumulate around receptor proteins,potentially alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.We found that electromagnetic stimulation at 44.5 THz successfully dissociates the DA ligand from the binding sites at the receptor by breaking weak hydrogen bonds.Using molecular docking,we identified multiple binding sites for CA neurotransmitter molecules within the dopamine receptor D2(DRD2).We also characterized the terahertz fingerprints and theoretical spectra of CAs across the 0.5 to 50 THz range,revealing their microscopic vibrational modes at characteristic peak positions and elucidating how specific vibrations influence molecular conformational changes.This finding highlights the potential of terahertz radiation in regulating the nervous system and provides new theoretical support for neural drug discovery and the intervention of neurological disorders.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322045 to Z.Li,22207050 to L.Li,32301162 to F.Wang)Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800925372 to Z.Li,20231800912372 to F.Wang).
文摘Exosomes are natural nano-size particles secreted by human cells,containing numerous bioactive cargos.Serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication,exosomes are involved in many physiological and pathological processes,such as inflammation,tissue injury,cardiovascular diseases,tumorigenesis and tumor development.Exosomes have exhibited promising results in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer,cardiovascular diseases and others.They are a rapidly growing class of drug delivery vehicles with many advantages over conventional synthetic carriers.Exosomes used in therapeutic applications encounter several challenges,such as the lack of tissue targeting capabilities and short residence time.In this review,we discuss recent advances in exosome engineering to improve tissue targeting and describe the current types of engineered exosome-like nanovesicles,and summarize their preclinical applications in the treatment of diseases.Further,we also highlight the latest engineering strategies developed to extend exosomes retention time in vivo and exosome-like nanovesicles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225104,22071077 and 92356302)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0115 and 2022M711297).
文摘The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that energy recovery,physical recycling and chemical recycling pathways have been developed to tackle the recycle and reuse of polymers.Among them,chemical recycling is considered as the most pivotal solution,as it can depolymerize the polymer wastes back to monomers,which then repolymerize into polymer materials.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the development of chemically recyclable polymers through monomer design to shift“polymerization-depolymerization”equilibrium to realize the selective depolymerization of the polymers into monomers,and to achieve chemical recycling closed-loop.This article reviews the closed-loop polymers such as polyesters,polycarbonates,sulfur-containing polymers,vinyl monomer-based polymers as well as other types of polymers.Moreover,the challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293522,62293521,62204255 and 62234007).
文摘Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications.While significant advancements have been made in Ga_(2)O_(3)material and device research,there are still challenges related to its ultra-low thermal conductivity and the lack of effective p-type doping methods.These limitations hinder the fabrication of complex device structures and the enhancement of device performance.This review aims to provide an introduction to the research development of Ga_(2)O_(3)heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices based on heterogeneous integration technology.By utilizing ion-cutting and wafer bonding techniques,heterogeneous substrates with high thermal conductivity have been realized,offering a viable solution to overcome the thermal limitations of Ga_(2)O_(3).Compared to Ga_(2)O_(3)bulk devices,Ga_(2)O_(3)devices fabricated on heterogeneous substrates integrated with SiC or Si exhibit superior thermal properties.Power diodes and superjunction transistors based on p-NiO/n-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunctions on heterogeneous substrates have demonstrated outstanding electrical characteristics,presenting a feasible method for the development of bipolar devices.The technologies of heterogeneous integration and heterojunction address critical issues related to Ga_(2)O_(3),thereby advancing the commercial applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)devices in power and RF fields.By integrating Ga_(2)O_(3)with other materials and leveraging heterojunction interfaces,researchers and engineers have made significant progress in improving device performance and overcoming limitations.These advancements pave the way for the wider adoption of Ga_(2)O_(3)-based devices in various power and RF applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2241002,12225511 and 11921006)Xplore Prize(2020-1023)Langfang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2024013027).
文摘Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic modalities.This study introduces terahertz(THz)photoneuromodulation as an innovative physical intervention for depression,offering several advantages over conventional pharmacological or optogenetic approaches.Mild THz photoneuromodulation circumvents the need for exogenous agents or genetic modifications,mitigating potential risks while precisely modulating neurotransmitter levels and neuronal excitability to alleviate depression-like behaviors.In a chronic restraint stress(CRS)mouse model,THz photostimulation rapidly attenuated hyperactivity and increased serotonin levels by 107.5%±45.3%in lateral orbitofrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons(OFCGlu)compared to those treated with antidepressants.This led to marked improvements in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive function.Furthermore,THz modulation of OFC activity recapitulated the effects of chemogenetic inhibition,underscoring the OFC’s pivotal role in regulating depressive states.This research unveils THz photoneuromodulation as a promising,safe,rapid-acting,and durable neurotherapeutic strategy addressing persistent unmet needs in depression treatment.
基金supported in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDT23F01012F01 and LDT23F01015F01)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang Grant GK229909299001-008the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62372146 and 61806061).
文摘Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods commonly adopt predefined graph augmentations to generate two contrastive views.Subsequently,they design a contrastive pretext task between these views with the goal of maximizing their agreement.These methods as-sume the augmented graph can fully preserve the semantics of the original.However,typical data augmentation strategies in GCL,such as random edge dropping,may alter the properties of the original graph.As a result,previous GCL methods overlooked graph differences,potentially leading to difficulty distinguishing between graphs that are structurally similar but semantically different.Therefore,we argue that it is necessary to design a method that can quantify the dissimilarity between the original and augmented graphs to more accurately capture the relationships between samples.In this work,we propose a novel graph contrastive learning framework,named Accurate Difference-based Node-Level Graph Contrastive Learning(DNGCL),which helps the model distinguish similar graphs with slight differences by learning node-level differences between graphs.Specifically,we train the model to distinguish between original and augmented nodes via a node discriminator and employ cosine dissimilarity to accurately measure the difference between each node.Furthermore,we employ multiple types of data augmentation commonly used in current GCL methods on the original graph,aiming to learn the differences between nodes under different augmentation strategies and help the model learn richer local information.We conduct extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets and the results show that our DNGCL outperforms most state-of-the-art baselines,which strongly validates the effectiveness of our model.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of GuangDong Province(2019B030330001 and 2020B0301030008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875060 and U20A2074)+3 种基金the Key Project of Science and Technology of Guangzhou(2019050001)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030313342)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202201010486)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012026).
文摘Realization of practical terahertz wireless communications still faces many challenges.The receiver with high sensitivity is important for THz wireless communications.Here we demonstrate a terahertz receiver based on the cesium Rydberg atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell.The minimum detectable THz electric field is calibrated.With this receiver,the phase-sensitive conversion of amplitude-modulated or frequency-modulated terahertz waves into optical signals is performed.The results show that the atomic receiver has many advantages due to its quantum properties.Particularly,the long distance THz wireless communications is achievable using this receiver.Furthermore,the atomic receiver can be used in the THz wireless-to-optical link.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72274187,71961147003,and 52000168)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021Y0068)+4 种基金Strategic Research and Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-02JXZD-03)CAS IUE Research Program(IUE-JBGS-202202)Research Project of Ganjiang Innovation Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences(E355F004)State Grid Project(1400-202357639A-3-2-ZN)industrial project(BFXT-2021-D-00061).
文摘China’s official heavy rare earths(HREs)supply,vital to the global sustainable transition,has declined by 90%over the past 20 years.Global concerns have mounted regarding China’s production quota policies,yet the real-world bottlenecks remain unclear.This study explores China’s terbium(a critical HREs element)supply-demand conflicts and supply chain bottlenecks,and further simulates future potential changes.We identify a growing terbium shortage(a total of 3300 metric tons)in China as its registered production declined by 90%during the period from 2007 to 2018.Contrary to previous views that attribute HREs supply limitations to the production quota policy,we find that only 25%of China’s quota related to HREs was utilized in 2018.Such a large quota-supply gap stems primarily from the enforced closures of HREs mines since the current mining techniques failed to reach strict environmental regulations.Furthermore,our simulations predict a 2-5-fold increase in terbium shortage by 2060 under the burgeoning ambitions in electric vehicles and wind power.However,this loom-ing shortage could potentially be mitigated by 27%-70%under the scenario of breakthroughs in green mining techniques.This study highlights the urgency of seeking and promoting HREs green mining technologies,with implications for shifting global attention from geopolitical competition to green supply of rare earth and other minerals.
基金the Science and Technology innovation 2030-Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0202904/2021ZD0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of Distinguished Young Scholars(82025033)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230115,82304471)the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases,Ministry of Education,China(LDGHD202304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(RF1028623253)the Jiangsu Provincial Doctors of Entrepreneurship and Innovation(JSSCBS20230037).
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD),a widespread psychiatric disease with significant impacts on neurological functioning and quality of life,affects 4.4%of the global population.Despite the availability of various treatments,including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy,approximately 50%of patients with MDD exhibit inadequate responses,leading to treatment-resistant depression(TRD).This review evaluates novel physical treatments for depression,focusing on music therapy,light therapy,cold therapy,and brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),and deep-brain stimulation(DBS).Music therapy leverages the emotional and social benefits of music to improve mood and cognitive function.Light therapy influences circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter modulation to reduce depressive symptoms.Cold therapy,by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and neurotransmitter systems,offers a promising approach for depression management.Brain stimulation techniques,including rTMS,tDCS,and DBS,provide non-pharmacological alternatives by modulating brain activity and connectivity.Although these novel treatments show potential,significant variabilities in clinical outcomes highlight the need for personalized treatment strategies.Future research should prioritize elucidating the mechanisms of these therapies,optimizing treatment protocols,and conducting larger randomized controlled trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety.The integration of advanced technologies and comprehensive mechanistic analyses will be crucial for advancing the field and improving treatment outcomes for MDD.
基金funded by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925020 and 81801786).
文摘A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses,has been studied widely.Whereas,its effect on SA is yet to be explored.The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance,and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process.Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy,as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic(EEG)data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task-ultimatum game(UG)paradigm.52 patients with psychiatric disorders(including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters)and 22 healthy controls(HC)performed in UG.Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR,but SA showed less improvement compared to HC.The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task,suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA.Besides,we extracted the late-positive potential(LPP)and theta-gamma coupling(TGC)of EEG for analysis.The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones,reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations.In addition,SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes,which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA.This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.
