Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies.This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years.Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints,delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs.We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies,furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities.This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI,and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field.Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives.Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity,invasiveness,biocompatibility,and other pivotal considerations is imperative.By doing so,we can propel BCI technology forward,bolstering its effectiveness,safety,and depend-ability,thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.展开更多
With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless commun...With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.展开更多
An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,op...An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.展开更多
Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent i...Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent in the fields of physics and materials science,allowing researchers to investigate the dynamic properties of various dielectric materials within the 0.1 to 10 THz frequency range,which is previously a challenging spectrum to access.This paper reviews recent advancements and the challenges faced by commonly used coherent detectors in THz-TDS.Our discussion emphasizes the potential for new discoveries in THz photonics and highlights the crucial role of coherent detection in the study of laser-matter interactions.展开更多
Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same di...Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same disastrous event,some firms/regions/countries appeared to cope with it more quickly and efficiently due to their resilient supply chains.In the current world where major emergencies and disasters occur frequently,we urgently call for more effective strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience(SCR).We further stress that SCR strategies build on more solid scientific research including properly measuring SCR at both micro-and macro-levels and conducting appropriate assessment of economic risks to supply chain disruptions.展开更多
Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have sh...Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have shown an ever-increasing pace and reached an unprecedented height than before.Historically,the past few decades have already witnessed much progress in THz generation and detection technologies,which have been recognized for a long time as the bottleneck preventing the THz waves from being tamed by human beings.How-ever,the importance of developing advanced components such as antennas,transmission lines,filters,power amplimers,etc.,which constitute the basic building blocks of a THz wireless system,should not be overlooked for the sake of exploiting the THz spectra for future advanced wireless communications,sensing and imaging applications.While producing a scannable highly-directive antenna beam proves to be indispensable in the pe-riod of microwaves,the significance of such functionality is more critical in the THz era,considering that THz waves have more intractable challenges such as the severity of free-space propagation losses,the susceptibility to atmospheric environments,and the unavailability of efficient signal sources.This article is structured under this background,which is dedicated to reviewing several enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts,structures,and architectures that have been developed for THz wireless systems.Specifically,we divide these THz beam-scanning solutions into four basic groups based on different mechanisms,i.e.,mechanical motion,phased array,frequency beam-scanning,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the ris...The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains.This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience,such as stockpiling,multi-sourcing,capacity reservation,and flexible supply contracts.We classify these strategies into two categories:one deals with supply-side disruption risks,and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks.For each category,we summarize the practical challenges,the state-of-art research,and potential avenues for future research.展开更多
Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby ...Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby result in improved key properties.The fluorination strategy has enabled the modification of material chemistry and properties at the microscale of fluorooxysalts,providing a diversity previously unattainable in oxysalts.Here,we review the recent progress,status,future opportunities,and challenges with concern of the chemical and material aspects for fluorooxysalts that contain fluorine-involved M-F bonds.The entire evolution of fluorooxysalts-from synthesis to structural chemistry and their functionality-is examined from the perspective of the polyanion.This review paper details how qualities of optical crystals,battery materials,and inorganic framework materials can be greatly enhanced by understanding the chemistry of inorganic fluorooxysalts.This review centers on the critical role that fluorine plays in the synthesis,characterization,and physical properties of these materials.展开更多
Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,a...Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,and viruses.These biosensors are characterized by their rapid response,sensitivity,non-destructive,label-free operation,minimal sample requirement,and user-friendly design,which also allows for integration with various technical approaches.Advancing beyond traditional biosensors,terahertz metamaterial biosensors facilitate rapid and non-destructive trace detection in biomedical applications,contributing to timely diagnosis and early screening of diseases.In this paper,the theoretical basis and advanced progress of these biosensors are discussed in depth,focusing on three key areas:improving the sensitivity and specificity,and reducing the influence of water absorption in biological samples.This paper also analyzes the potential and future development of these biosensors for expanded applications.It highlights their potential for multi-band tuning,intelligent operations,and flexible,wearable biosensor applications.This review provides a valuable reference for the follow-up research and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.展开更多
Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s ...Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s disease involve the loss of catecholamine neurons.One of the main challenges is the accumulation of catecholamine(CA)metabolites.Reducing the metabolic aggregation toxicity of the transmitter molecules remains an open question.In this work,we proposed a novel physical method,terahertz-triggered dedocking,to unbind ligand molecules that accumulate around receptor proteins,potentially alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.We found that electromagnetic stimulation at 44.5 THz successfully dissociates the DA ligand from the binding sites at the receptor by breaking weak hydrogen bonds.Using molecular docking,we identified multiple binding sites for CA neurotransmitter molecules within the dopamine receptor D2(DRD2).We also characterized the terahertz fingerprints and theoretical spectra of CAs across the 0.5 to 50 THz range,revealing their microscopic vibrational modes at characteristic peak positions and elucidating how specific vibrations influence molecular conformational changes.This finding highlights the potential of terahertz radiation in regulating the nervous system and provides new theoretical support for neural drug discovery and the intervention of neurological disorders.展开更多
The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that ene...The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that energy recovery,physical recycling and chemical recycling pathways have been developed to tackle the recycle and reuse of polymers.Among them,chemical recycling is considered as the most pivotal solution,as it can depolymerize the polymer wastes back to monomers,which then repolymerize into polymer materials.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the development of chemically recyclable polymers through monomer design to shift“polymerization-depolymerization”equilibrium to realize the selective depolymerization of the polymers into monomers,and to achieve chemical recycling closed-loop.This article reviews the closed-loop polymers such as polyesters,polycarbonates,sulfur-containing polymers,vinyl monomer-based polymers as well as other types of polymers.Moreover,the challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed.展开更多
Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications....Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications.While significant advancements have been made in Ga_(2)O_(3)material and device research,there are still challenges related to its ultra-low thermal conductivity and the lack of effective p-type doping methods.These limitations hinder the fabrication of complex device structures and the enhancement of device performance.This review aims to provide an introduction to the research development of Ga_(2)O_(3)heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices based on heterogeneous integration technology.By utilizing ion-cutting and wafer bonding techniques,heterogeneous substrates with high thermal conductivity have been realized,offering a viable solution to overcome the thermal limitations of Ga_(2)O_(3).Compared to Ga_(2)O_(3)bulk devices,Ga_(2)O_(3)devices fabricated on heterogeneous substrates integrated with SiC or Si exhibit superior thermal properties.Power diodes and superjunction transistors based on p-NiO/n-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunctions on heterogeneous substrates have demonstrated outstanding electrical characteristics,presenting a feasible method for the development of bipolar devices.The technologies of heterogeneous integration and heterojunction address critical issues related to Ga_(2)O_(3),thereby advancing the commercial applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)devices in power and RF fields.By integrating Ga_(2)O_(3)with other materials and leveraging heterojunction interfaces,researchers and engineers have made significant progress in improving device performance and overcoming limitations.These advancements pave the way for the wider adoption of Ga_(2)O_(3)-based devices in various power and RF applications.展开更多
Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic ...Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic modalities.This study introduces terahertz(THz)photoneuromodulation as an innovative physical intervention for depression,offering several advantages over conventional pharmacological or optogenetic approaches.Mild THz photoneuromodulation circumvents the need for exogenous agents or genetic modifications,mitigating potential risks while precisely modulating neurotransmitter levels and neuronal excitability to alleviate depression-like behaviors.In a chronic restraint stress(CRS)mouse model,THz photostimulation rapidly attenuated hyperactivity and increased serotonin levels by 107.5%±45.3%in lateral orbitofrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons(OFCGlu)compared to those treated with antidepressants.This led to marked improvements in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive function.Furthermore,THz modulation of OFC activity recapitulated the effects of chemogenetic inhibition,underscoring the OFC’s pivotal role in regulating depressive states.This research unveils THz photoneuromodulation as a promising,safe,rapid-acting,and durable neurotherapeutic strategy addressing persistent unmet needs in depression treatment.展开更多
Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods com...Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods commonly adopt predefined graph augmentations to generate two contrastive views.Subsequently,they design a contrastive pretext task between these views with the goal of maximizing their agreement.These methods as-sume the augmented graph can fully preserve the semantics of the original.However,typical data augmentation strategies in GCL,such as random edge dropping,may alter the properties of the original graph.As a result,previous GCL methods overlooked graph differences,potentially leading to difficulty distinguishing between graphs that are structurally similar but semantically different.Therefore,we argue that it is necessary to design a method that can quantify the dissimilarity between the original and augmented graphs to more accurately capture the relationships between samples.In this work,we propose a novel graph contrastive learning framework,named Accurate Difference-based Node-Level Graph Contrastive Learning(DNGCL),which helps the model distinguish similar graphs with slight differences by learning node-level differences between graphs.Specifically,we train the model to distinguish between original and augmented nodes via a node discriminator and employ cosine dissimilarity to accurately measure the difference between each node.Furthermore,we employ multiple types of data augmentation commonly used in current GCL methods on the original graph,aiming to learn the differences between nodes under different augmentation strategies and help the model learn richer local information.We conduct extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets and the results show that our DNGCL outperforms most state-of-the-art baselines,which strongly validates the effectiveness of our model.展开更多
A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterpret...A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses,has been studied widely.Whereas,its effect on SA is yet to be explored.The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance,and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process.Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy,as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic(EEG)data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task-ultimatum game(UG)paradigm.52 patients with psychiatric disorders(including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters)and 22 healthy controls(HC)performed in UG.Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR,but SA showed less improvement compared to HC.The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task,suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA.Besides,we extracted the late-positive potential(LPP)and theta-gamma coupling(TGC)of EEG for analysis.The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones,reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations.In addition,SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes,which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA.This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.展开更多
Offshore carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is to capture CO_(2)from emission sources and then inject the captured CO_(2)into sub-seabed geological reservoirs,thus it will be permanently isolated from the atm...Offshore carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is to capture CO_(2)from emission sources and then inject the captured CO_(2)into sub-seabed geological reservoirs,thus it will be permanently isolated from the atmosphere.CCUS was therefore proposed as a technological decarbonization strategy to prevent millions of tonnes of anthropogenic CO_(2)from entering and remaining in the atmosphere.In this review,the necessity and suitability of offshore CCUS in China are explored,involving examining the potential for sedimentary basins offshore China to act as carbon sinks for industrialized coastal regions and investigating the opportunities of developing a commercial full value chain.In China,the CO_(2)emissions from the 14 coastal provincial administrative regions are estimated to be over 4.2 Gt,occupying∼41%of the country’s carbon emissions,whereas the storage capacity of the sedimentary basins offshore China is estimated to be 573-779 GtCO_(2).This could total 140-190 years of emissions from China’s coastal regions,which also avoids complex legal regulation and public opposition.However,economic costs pose substantial challenges to deploying offshore CCUS on a commercial scale,which requires significant technological innovations,national contributions,and business investments,particularly in the eastern and southeastern regions.展开更多
Waste plastics offer valuable feedstock for refining facilities.Their well-structured molecular compositions and functional groups make them ideal candidates for conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels,playing ...Waste plastics offer valuable feedstock for refining facilities.Their well-structured molecular compositions and functional groups make them ideal candidates for conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels,playing a pivotal role in carbon recycling.Achieving this transformation demands not only the precise design of deconstruction reaction systems but also the overcoming of technological barriers,necessitating a collaborative partnership between fundamental research and industrial expertise.In this context,we present a roadmap for advancing the recycling and upcycling of plastic waste,commencing a thorough assessment of technological challenges across the entire plastics recycling chain.展开更多
Developing polymers that can be chemically recycled signifies a considerable prospect to polymer scientists to tackle the increasing plastic crises but is still plagued with certain limitations in architecture/perform...Developing polymers that can be chemically recycled signifies a considerable prospect to polymer scientists to tackle the increasing plastic crises but is still plagued with certain limitations in architecture/performance diversity and depolymerization activity.Polythioesters synthesized through ring-opening polymerization(ROP)of cyclic thioesters monomers are captivating materials owing to the labile thioester bonds in polymer chains and the low ring strain energy of thiolactone monomers.In this brief review,the latest advancements in the ring-opening polymerization of dithiolactone and monothiodilactone monomers to prepare chemically recycled polythioesters are summarized.Moreover,the feasibility and challenges in future practical applications of chemically recyclable polythioesters derived from dithiolactone and monothiodilactone will be discussed.展开更多
Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has shown promising therapeutic prospects in many major diseases.However,two main reasons limit the application of siRNA:poor endocytosis efficiency and weak endosomal escape ability.Theref...Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has shown promising therapeutic prospects in many major diseases.However,two main reasons limit the application of siRNA:poor endocytosis efficiency and weak endosomal escape ability.Therefore,the development of efficient and safe delivery vectors has always been an important study aspect of RNAi technology.Herein,we designed a self-assembled nanoparticle based on functionalized peptides to deliver siRNA to the down-regulated polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)gene,which can inhibit tumor cells in the G2 phase.The functional polypeptide consists of cell membrane-penetrating peptide(CPP44)and p16 minimal inhibitory sequence(p16MIS).CPP44 can effectively mediate endocytosis,while p16MIS can inhibit tumor growth in the G1 phase and synergistically promote the apoptosis of tumor cells with siPLK1.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the developed nanoparticle exhibits high levels of silencing efficiency,antitumor activity,and therapeutic efficacy.Consequently,this study provides a novel approach to cancer treatment by simultaneously disrupting two stages of tumor cell division.展开更多
In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and inte...In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and intelligent devices in digital medicine.SymAI represents a new frontier in personalized intelligent systems,adaptively learning from and catering to individual needs and behaviors.We explore its emergence and potential implementation in both personal and public healthcare,encompassing telemedicine,precision medicine,surgical assistance,chronic disease management,and policy optimization.Key technological frameworks and hardware enablers are outlined,with a particular emphasis on multimodal data retrieval,transmission,and processing,as well as personalized interventions delivered via wearable and implantable devices.By integrating artificial intelligence into sensor technologies and addressing barriers in flexible electronics,SymAI holds the potential to revolutionize digital health,offering more responsive,tailored care and improved health outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(U2241208,62171473,61671424)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3602803,2023YFF1205300)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(2023BEG02063)。
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices.The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies.This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years.Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints,delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs.We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies,furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities.This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI,and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field.Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives.Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity,invasiveness,biocompatibility,and other pivotal considerations is imperative.By doing so,we can propel BCI technology forward,bolstering its effectiveness,safety,and depend-ability,thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.
基金support by the National Science Foundation of China(62071046,62471033)the U.S.National Science Foundation(CNS-1954780,ECCS-1102222)the U.S.Air Force Research Laboratory.
文摘With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.
基金the supports by CAS(2022-X01-B-008)and NSFC(L2124038).
文摘An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074272)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ20231002825)the Youth Beijing Scholar Program administered by the Beijing Government.
文摘Coherent detection measures both the amplitude and phase of pulsed terahertz(THz)waves simultaneously,forming the foundation for THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).This technique has become increasingly prominent in the fields of physics and materials science,allowing researchers to investigate the dynamic properties of various dielectric materials within the 0.1 to 10 THz frequency range,which is previously a challenging spectrum to access.This paper reviews recent advancements and the challenges faced by commonly used coherent detectors in THz-TDS.Our discussion emphasizes the potential for new discoveries in THz photonics and highlights the crucial role of coherent detection in the study of laser-matter interactions.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(71903186,72103184,and 71988101)the MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy Simulation at UCAS.
文摘Supply chains in modern economy are fragmented and globalized following international specialization.It brings economic benefits while at the same time may raise propagated risks along supply chains.Facing the same disastrous event,some firms/regions/countries appeared to cope with it more quickly and efficiently due to their resilient supply chains.In the current world where major emergencies and disasters occur frequently,we urgently call for more effective strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience(SCR).We further stress that SCR strategies build on more solid scientific research including properly measuring SCR at both micro-and macro-levels and conducting appropriate assessment of economic risks to supply chain disruptions.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241276)the University Grants Committee/Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(AoE/E-101/23-N and CityU 9610655)+3 种基金the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623258)the Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves,Fudan University(EMW202401)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2906103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122019).
文摘Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years,research activities of leveraging terahertz(THz)waves to obtain larger channel capacities have shown an ever-increasing pace and reached an unprecedented height than before.Historically,the past few decades have already witnessed much progress in THz generation and detection technologies,which have been recognized for a long time as the bottleneck preventing the THz waves from being tamed by human beings.How-ever,the importance of developing advanced components such as antennas,transmission lines,filters,power amplimers,etc.,which constitute the basic building blocks of a THz wireless system,should not be overlooked for the sake of exploiting the THz spectra for future advanced wireless communications,sensing and imaging applications.While producing a scannable highly-directive antenna beam proves to be indispensable in the pe-riod of microwaves,the significance of such functionality is more critical in the THz era,considering that THz waves have more intractable challenges such as the severity of free-space propagation losses,the susceptibility to atmospheric environments,and the unavailability of efficient signal sources.This article is structured under this background,which is dedicated to reviewing several enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts,structures,and architectures that have been developed for THz wireless systems.Specifically,we divide these THz beam-scanning solutions into four basic groups based on different mechanisms,i.e.,mechanical motion,phased array,frequency beam-scanning,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72104131).
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains,leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions.Concurrently,geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains.This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience,such as stockpiling,multi-sourcing,capacity reservation,and flexible supply contracts.We classify these strategies into two categories:one deals with supply-side disruption risks,and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks.For each category,we summarize the practical challenges,the state-of-art research,and potential avenues for future research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0717800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322510)+3 种基金West Light Foundation of CAS(XBZG-ZDSYS-202201)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200068)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(2022D01E087)Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program(2022TSYCCX0071),and CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-024).
文摘Fluorination is a powerful strategy for chemical and functional modification of materials because the introduction of fluorine atoms can alter the physical,chemical and electronic properties of a material and thereby result in improved key properties.The fluorination strategy has enabled the modification of material chemistry and properties at the microscale of fluorooxysalts,providing a diversity previously unattainable in oxysalts.Here,we review the recent progress,status,future opportunities,and challenges with concern of the chemical and material aspects for fluorooxysalts that contain fluorine-involved M-F bonds.The entire evolution of fluorooxysalts-from synthesis to structural chemistry and their functionality-is examined from the perspective of the polyanion.This review paper details how qualities of optical crystals,battery materials,and inorganic framework materials can be greatly enhanced by understanding the chemistry of inorganic fluorooxysalts.This review centers on the critical role that fluorine plays in the synthesis,characterization,and physical properties of these materials.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62435010,62335012,61988102).
文摘Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets,including biological molecules,proteins,cells,and viruses.These biosensors are characterized by their rapid response,sensitivity,non-destructive,label-free operation,minimal sample requirement,and user-friendly design,which also allows for integration with various technical approaches.Advancing beyond traditional biosensors,terahertz metamaterial biosensors facilitate rapid and non-destructive trace detection in biomedical applications,contributing to timely diagnosis and early screening of diseases.In this paper,the theoretical basis and advanced progress of these biosensors are discussed in depth,focusing on three key areas:improving the sensitivity and specificity,and reducing the influence of water absorption in biological samples.This paper also analyzes the potential and future development of these biosensors for expanded applications.It highlights their potential for multi-band tuning,intelligent operations,and flexible,wearable biosensor applications.This review provides a valuable reference for the follow-up research and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075225,12374214,12204499)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-042)sponsored by Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1404200).
文摘Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous,cardiovascular,endocrine,and various other tissue systems.Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease,depression,and Alzheimer’s disease involve the loss of catecholamine neurons.One of the main challenges is the accumulation of catecholamine(CA)metabolites.Reducing the metabolic aggregation toxicity of the transmitter molecules remains an open question.In this work,we proposed a novel physical method,terahertz-triggered dedocking,to unbind ligand molecules that accumulate around receptor proteins,potentially alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.We found that electromagnetic stimulation at 44.5 THz successfully dissociates the DA ligand from the binding sites at the receptor by breaking weak hydrogen bonds.Using molecular docking,we identified multiple binding sites for CA neurotransmitter molecules within the dopamine receptor D2(DRD2).We also characterized the terahertz fingerprints and theoretical spectra of CAs across the 0.5 to 50 THz range,revealing their microscopic vibrational modes at characteristic peak positions and elucidating how specific vibrations influence molecular conformational changes.This finding highlights the potential of terahertz radiation in regulating the nervous system and provides new theoretical support for neural drug discovery and the intervention of neurological disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225104,22071077 and 92356302)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0115 and 2022M711297).
文摘The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials.However,the improper disposal of the polymer wastes not only squanders resources but also intensifies the environmental issues,despite that energy recovery,physical recycling and chemical recycling pathways have been developed to tackle the recycle and reuse of polymers.Among them,chemical recycling is considered as the most pivotal solution,as it can depolymerize the polymer wastes back to monomers,which then repolymerize into polymer materials.Recently,remarkable progress has been made in the development of chemically recyclable polymers through monomer design to shift“polymerization-depolymerization”equilibrium to realize the selective depolymerization of the polymers into monomers,and to achieve chemical recycling closed-loop.This article reviews the closed-loop polymers such as polyesters,polycarbonates,sulfur-containing polymers,vinyl monomer-based polymers as well as other types of polymers.Moreover,the challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293522,62293521,62204255 and 62234007).
文摘Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates,Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency(RF)applications.While significant advancements have been made in Ga_(2)O_(3)material and device research,there are still challenges related to its ultra-low thermal conductivity and the lack of effective p-type doping methods.These limitations hinder the fabrication of complex device structures and the enhancement of device performance.This review aims to provide an introduction to the research development of Ga_(2)O_(3)heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices based on heterogeneous integration technology.By utilizing ion-cutting and wafer bonding techniques,heterogeneous substrates with high thermal conductivity have been realized,offering a viable solution to overcome the thermal limitations of Ga_(2)O_(3).Compared to Ga_(2)O_(3)bulk devices,Ga_(2)O_(3)devices fabricated on heterogeneous substrates integrated with SiC or Si exhibit superior thermal properties.Power diodes and superjunction transistors based on p-NiO/n-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunctions on heterogeneous substrates have demonstrated outstanding electrical characteristics,presenting a feasible method for the development of bipolar devices.The technologies of heterogeneous integration and heterojunction address critical issues related to Ga_(2)O_(3),thereby advancing the commercial applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)devices in power and RF fields.By integrating Ga_(2)O_(3)with other materials and leveraging heterojunction interfaces,researchers and engineers have made significant progress in improving device performance and overcoming limitations.These advancements pave the way for the wider adoption of Ga_(2)O_(3)-based devices in various power and RF applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2241002,12225511 and 11921006)Xplore Prize(2020-1023)Langfang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2024013027).
文摘Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden.Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations,including slow efficacy,adverse effects,and non-response rates of up to 55%,necessitating novel therapeutic modalities.This study introduces terahertz(THz)photoneuromodulation as an innovative physical intervention for depression,offering several advantages over conventional pharmacological or optogenetic approaches.Mild THz photoneuromodulation circumvents the need for exogenous agents or genetic modifications,mitigating potential risks while precisely modulating neurotransmitter levels and neuronal excitability to alleviate depression-like behaviors.In a chronic restraint stress(CRS)mouse model,THz photostimulation rapidly attenuated hyperactivity and increased serotonin levels by 107.5%±45.3%in lateral orbitofrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons(OFCGlu)compared to those treated with antidepressants.This led to marked improvements in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive function.Furthermore,THz modulation of OFC activity recapitulated the effects of chemogenetic inhibition,underscoring the OFC’s pivotal role in regulating depressive states.This research unveils THz photoneuromodulation as a promising,safe,rapid-acting,and durable neurotherapeutic strategy addressing persistent unmet needs in depression treatment.
基金supported in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDT23F01012F01 and LDT23F01015F01)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang Grant GK229909299001-008the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62372146 and 61806061).
文摘Graph contrastive learning(GCL)has attracted extensive research interest due to its powerful ability to capture latent structural and semantic information of graphs in a self-supervised manner.Existing GCL methods commonly adopt predefined graph augmentations to generate two contrastive views.Subsequently,they design a contrastive pretext task between these views with the goal of maximizing their agreement.These methods as-sume the augmented graph can fully preserve the semantics of the original.However,typical data augmentation strategies in GCL,such as random edge dropping,may alter the properties of the original graph.As a result,previous GCL methods overlooked graph differences,potentially leading to difficulty distinguishing between graphs that are structurally similar but semantically different.Therefore,we argue that it is necessary to design a method that can quantify the dissimilarity between the original and augmented graphs to more accurately capture the relationships between samples.In this work,we propose a novel graph contrastive learning framework,named Accurate Difference-based Node-Level Graph Contrastive Learning(DNGCL),which helps the model distinguish similar graphs with slight differences by learning node-level differences between graphs.Specifically,we train the model to distinguish between original and augmented nodes via a node discriminator and employ cosine dissimilarity to accurately measure the difference between each node.Furthermore,we employ multiple types of data augmentation commonly used in current GCL methods on the original graph,aiming to learn the differences between nodes under different augmentation strategies and help the model learn richer local information.We conduct extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets and the results show that our DNGCL outperforms most state-of-the-art baselines,which strongly validates the effectiveness of our model.
基金funded by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925020 and 81801786).
文摘A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation(ER)plays a crucial role in the decision-making(DM)process of suicide attempters(SA).Cognitive reappraisal(CR),an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses,has been studied widely.Whereas,its effect on SA is yet to be explored.The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance,and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process.Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy,as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic(EEG)data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task-ultimatum game(UG)paradigm.52 patients with psychiatric disorders(including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters)and 22 healthy controls(HC)performed in UG.Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR,but SA showed less improvement compared to HC.The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task,suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA.Besides,we extracted the late-positive potential(LPP)and theta-gamma coupling(TGC)of EEG for analysis.The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones,reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations.In addition,SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes,which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA.This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD1406600,2024ZD1406604,2024ZD1406604-11)the National Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(3502Z202373006).
文摘Offshore carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is to capture CO_(2)from emission sources and then inject the captured CO_(2)into sub-seabed geological reservoirs,thus it will be permanently isolated from the atmosphere.CCUS was therefore proposed as a technological decarbonization strategy to prevent millions of tonnes of anthropogenic CO_(2)from entering and remaining in the atmosphere.In this review,the necessity and suitability of offshore CCUS in China are explored,involving examining the potential for sedimentary basins offshore China to act as carbon sinks for industrialized coastal regions and investigating the opportunities of developing a commercial full value chain.In China,the CO_(2)emissions from the 14 coastal provincial administrative regions are estimated to be over 4.2 Gt,occupying∼41%of the country’s carbon emissions,whereas the storage capacity of the sedimentary basins offshore China is estimated to be 573-779 GtCO_(2).This could total 140-190 years of emissions from China’s coastal regions,which also avoids complex legal regulation and public opposition.However,economic costs pose substantial challenges to deploying offshore CCUS on a commercial scale,which requires significant technological innovations,national contributions,and business investments,particularly in the eastern and southeastern regions.
基金supported by CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-044).
文摘Waste plastics offer valuable feedstock for refining facilities.Their well-structured molecular compositions and functional groups make them ideal candidates for conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels,playing a pivotal role in carbon recycling.Achieving this transformation demands not only the precise design of deconstruction reaction systems but also the overcoming of technological barriers,necessitating a collaborative partnership between fundamental research and industrial expertise.In this context,we present a roadmap for advancing the recycling and upcycling of plastic waste,commencing a thorough assessment of technological challenges across the entire plastics recycling chain.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(22325108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91856113,U21A2089 and 52273015)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0130500)the State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering(RIPP,SINOPEC,PR20232038)Jilin Province and CAS(2022SYHZ0034).
文摘Developing polymers that can be chemically recycled signifies a considerable prospect to polymer scientists to tackle the increasing plastic crises but is still plagued with certain limitations in architecture/performance diversity and depolymerization activity.Polythioesters synthesized through ring-opening polymerization(ROP)of cyclic thioesters monomers are captivating materials owing to the labile thioester bonds in polymer chains and the low ring strain energy of thiolactone monomers.In this brief review,the latest advancements in the ring-opening polymerization of dithiolactone and monothiodilactone monomers to prepare chemically recycled polythioesters are summarized.Moreover,the feasibility and challenges in future practical applications of chemically recyclable polythioesters derived from dithiolactone and monothiodilactone will be discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(32101148,32171394,82102204)Beijing Nova Program(Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project)from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(20220484207)+3 种基金National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFA1201000,2021YFE0106900,2023YFC2605003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)key project(32030060)NSFC international collaboration key project(51861135103)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021201038).
文摘Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has shown promising therapeutic prospects in many major diseases.However,two main reasons limit the application of siRNA:poor endocytosis efficiency and weak endosomal escape ability.Therefore,the development of efficient and safe delivery vectors has always been an important study aspect of RNAi technology.Herein,we designed a self-assembled nanoparticle based on functionalized peptides to deliver siRNA to the down-regulated polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)gene,which can inhibit tumor cells in the G2 phase.The functional polypeptide consists of cell membrane-penetrating peptide(CPP44)and p16 minimal inhibitory sequence(p16MIS).CPP44 can effectively mediate endocytosis,while p16MIS can inhibit tumor growth in the G1 phase and synergistically promote the apoptosis of tumor cells with siPLK1.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the developed nanoparticle exhibits high levels of silencing efficiency,antitumor activity,and therapeutic efficacy.Consequently,this study provides a novel approach to cancer treatment by simultaneously disrupting two stages of tumor cell division.
基金support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3605800,2024YFA1107202)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14380532,2024300419)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220780,BE2022818)Nanjing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(202305001,202205020).
文摘In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and intelligent devices in digital medicine.SymAI represents a new frontier in personalized intelligent systems,adaptively learning from and catering to individual needs and behaviors.We explore its emergence and potential implementation in both personal and public healthcare,encompassing telemedicine,precision medicine,surgical assistance,chronic disease management,and policy optimization.Key technological frameworks and hardware enablers are outlined,with a particular emphasis on multimodal data retrieval,transmission,and processing,as well as personalized interventions delivered via wearable and implantable devices.By integrating artificial intelligence into sensor technologies and addressing barriers in flexible electronics,SymAI holds the potential to revolutionize digital health,offering more responsive,tailored care and improved health outcomes.
