Age is a limiting factor in the efficacy of photobiomodulation(PBM)for brain drainage and cognitive functions.Meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs)are“tunnels”for removal of toxins from the brain and the target of PBM.A...Age is a limiting factor in the efficacy of photobiomodulation(PBM)for brain drainage and cognitive functions.Meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs)are“tunnels”for removal of toxins from the brain and the target of PBM.Age-related decline in the MLV functions is one of the mechanisms by which the effects of PBM on brain drainage and cognitive process are limited.Sleep is a time of natural activation of brain drainage.Recent findings have shown that PBM during sleep has greater effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid and cognitive function in young and middle-age mice.Based on these data,this study tested the hypothesis that sleep enhances the effects of PBM on MLVs and cognitive function in the aging brain.Indeed,the results revealed that PBM during sleep,but not during wakefulness,has stimulatory effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid from the brain of old mice that improves memory.In sleep deficit experiments,it was found that chronic sleep deprivation is accompanied by suppression of brain drainage and removal of metabolites from the brain,such as beta-amyloid,tau,glutamate,lactate and glucose in young,middle-aged and most significantly in old mice.The course of PBM during sleep contributed better than in wakefulness to the restoration of the brain level of tested metabolites in young and middle-aged mice,while in old mice only PBM during sleep was effective.These results open a new strategy for the use of PBM during sleep to improve the efficacy of PBM on clearance of toxic metabolites from the brain,especially in aged subjects in whom the efficacy of PBM during wakefulness is limited.展开更多
High-power fiber oscillators have been widely used in industrial processing,high-end manufacturing,biomedicine and so on.However,as the output power increase,stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)becomes the main factor lim...High-power fiber oscillators have been widely used in industrial processing,high-end manufacturing,biomedicine and so on.However,as the output power increase,stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)becomes the main factor limiting the performance improvement of fiber oscillators.In this paper,a chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating(CTFBG)is used to suppress SRS in a high-power fiber oscillator.The CTFBG is fabricated on one side of a low-reflectivity FBG(LRFBG)to form a composite FBG by the femtosecond laser phase mask technology,enhancing the compactness and stability of the fiber oscillator system.SRS is effectively suppressed by CTFBG with a Raman suppression depth and width of 16 dB and 86 nm,respectively,and the Raman light ratio in the output power decreases by an order of magnitude.The output power of fiber oscillators is increased to 9 kW,which is the highest power for fiber oscillators with SRS suppression using CTFBGs,to the best of our knowledge.This work demonstrates that the composite FBG can effectively improve the performance of high-power fiber oscillators,which provides new insights into the development of fiber laser technology.展开更多
Intraoperative assessment of cerebral hemodynamics is crucial for the success of neurosurgical interventions.This study evaluates the potential of laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)and imaging photoplethysmography(I...Intraoperative assessment of cerebral hemodynamics is crucial for the success of neurosurgical interventions.This study evaluates the potential of laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)and imaging photoplethysmography(IPPG)for contactless perfusion monitoring during neurosurgery.Despite similarities in their hardware requirements,these techniques rely on fundamentally different principles:light scattering for LSCI and light absorption for IPPG.Comparative experiments were conducted using animals(rats)when assessing the reaction of cerebral hemodynamics to adenosine triphosphate infusion.The results show different spatial and temporal characteristics of the techniques:LSCI predominantly visualizes blood flow in large venous vessels,especially in the sagittal and transverse sinuses,showing a pronounced modulation associated with the heart that cannot be explained by venous blood flow alone.In contrast,IPPG quantifies the dynamics of perfusion changes in the parenchyma,showing minimal signal in large venous vessels.We propose that LSCI signal modulation is significantly influenced by the movement of vessel walls in response to mechanical pressure waves propagating through the parenchyma from nearby arteries.A novel algorithm for LSCI data processing was developed based on this interpretation,producing perfusion indices that align well with IPPG measurements.This study demonstrates that the complementary nature of these techniques(LSCI is sensitive to blood cells displacements,while IPPG detects a change in their density)makes their combined application particularly valuable for comprehensive assessment of cerebral hemodynamics during neurosurgery.展开更多
Red blood cells(RBCs)are vital components of human blood,and their morphological abnormalities serve as reliable indicators of various disease pathophysiologies.As a novel label-free optical technique,Mueller matrix(M...Red blood cells(RBCs)are vital components of human blood,and their morphological abnormalities serve as reliable indicators of various disease pathophysiologies.As a novel label-free optical technique,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetry is gaining recognition for its value in disease diagnosis and pathological analysis.In this study,we integrate a dual-angle MM measurement system with single-cell polarized light scattering modeling to establish specific polarization feature parameters(PFPs)characterizing cellular microphysical properties.The PFPs quantitatively describe morphological and optical changes in individual RBCs undergoing complex deformations.Experimental results demonstrate that PFPs can effectively distinguish differences in size,shape,refractive index,and surface spicules between deformed and normal RBCs.Moreover,by incorporating PFPs into a Random Forest classifier,we accurately quantify the proportion of abnormal RBCs in mixed suspensions.This study confirms the capability of polarization measurement for label-free,high-throughput analysis of RBC microphysical properties at the single-cell level.展开更多
In recent years,the utilization of nanoparticles with varying morphologies in optical coherence tomography(OCT)has gained prominence,primarily aimed at enhancing imaging contrast and depth.Various factors associated w...In recent years,the utilization of nanoparticles with varying morphologies in optical coherence tomography(OCT)has gained prominence,primarily aimed at enhancing imaging contrast and depth.Various factors associated with nanoparticles,encompassing their shape,orientation,and distribution within biological tissues,significantly influence OCT performance.A thorough investigation of these parameters has yielded substantial findings,particularly regarding the enhancement of OCT images facilitated by the presence of nanorods(NRs).In this study,we conducted OCT imaging of chicken breast tissue employing Fe3O4 NRs under different polarization states,utilizing solenoids to apply a magnetic field to the nanoparticles.The results demonstrate that orienting nanoparticles can improve the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio(CNR)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of OCT signal more than twofold compared to scenarios lacking specified orientation.Furthermore,this article addresses the challenge of prolonged nanoparticle distribution in tissue when using ultrasound probes,successfully reducing the distribution time from approximately 45 min to about 5 min.The findings presented herein show significant promises for advancing optical coherence tomography across a variety of applications.展开更多
This study explores the application of cold plate liquid cooling technology in co-packaged optics(CPO).By integrating optical modules and the switch chip on the same substrate,CPO shortens the electrical interconnecti...This study explores the application of cold plate liquid cooling technology in co-packaged optics(CPO).By integrating optical modules and the switch chip on the same substrate,CPO shortens the electrical interconnection distance,effectively solving the problems of high power consumption and poor signal integrity of traditional pluggable optical modules under high bandwidth.However,the surge in power density and the thermal crosstalk resulting from high integration density make thermal management one of the key challenges that constrain the reliability of high-capacity co-packaged optics.For the unique architecture of CPO,this study analyzes its heat dissipation needs in detail,and a thermal management scheme is designed.The thermal management scheme is simulated and optimized based on the Navier−Stokes equation.The simulation results show that,in a 51.2 Tbit/s CPO system,the junction temperature of the switch chip is 97.3℃,the maximum junction temperature of the optical modules is 31.3℃,and the temperature difference between the optical modules is 2.4℃ to 1.2℃.To verify the simulation results,a thermal test experimental platform is built,and the experimental results show that the temperature simulation difference is within 4%and the pressure change trend is consistent with the simulation.Combining the experimental data and simulation results,the designed heat sink can satisfy the heat dissipation demands of the 51.2 Tbit/s bandwidth CPO system.This conclusion demonstrates the potential of liquid-cooling technology in CPO,providing support for research on liquid-cooling technology in the CPO.The design provides a theoretical and practical basis for the high performance and reliability of optoelectronic integration technology in wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)systems and micro-ring device applications,contributing to the application of next-generation optical communication networks.展开更多
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer a promising solution to achieving high-quality factor (Q factor) cavities. However, finite-size effects severely deteriorate the BIC mode in practical applications. This pape...Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer a promising solution to achieving high-quality factor (Q factor) cavities. However, finite-size effects severely deteriorate the BIC mode in practical applications. This paper reports the experimental demonstration of an electrically pumped 940 nm laser based on optimized BIC cavity, achieving a high Q factor of up to 1.18 × 10^(4) even with finite photonic crystal footprint, which is two orders of magnitude larger than un-optimized BIC design. Two strategies have been systematically investigated to mitigate finite-size effects: reflective photonic crystal cavity design and graded photonic crystal cavity design. Both methods significantly improve the Q factor, demonstrating the effectiveness of preserving BIC characteristics in finite-sized photonic crystal cavities. In addition, the reflective boundary photonic crystal design is fabricated and experimentally characterized to demonstrate its lasing characteristics. The fabricated laser exhibits single-mode operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 38.6 dB. These results pave the way for future designs of BICs with finite size in real applications, promoting the performance of BIC-based integrated lasers.展开更多
Taking the advantage of ultrafast optical linear and nonlinear effects, all-optical signal processing(AOSP) enables manipulation, regeneration, and computing of information directly in optical domain without resorting...Taking the advantage of ultrafast optical linear and nonlinear effects, all-optical signal processing(AOSP) enables manipulation, regeneration, and computing of information directly in optical domain without resorting to electronics. As a promising photonic integration platform, silicon-on-insulator(SOI) has the advantage of complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility, low-loss, compact size as well as large optical nonlinearities. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the project granted to develop silicon-based reconfigurable AOSP chips, which aims to combine the merits of AOSP and silicon photonics to solve the unsustainable cost and energy challenges in future communication and big data applications. Three key challenges are identified in this project:(1) how to finely manipulate and reconfigure optical fields,(2) how to achieve ultra-low loss integrated silicon waveguides and significant enhancement of nonlinear effects,(3) how to mitigate crosstalk between optical, electrical and thermal components. By focusing on these key issues, the following major achievements are realized during the project. First, ultra-low loss silicon-based waveguides as well as ultra-high quality microresonators are developed by advancing key fabrication technologies as well as device structures. Integrated photonic filters with bandwidth and free spectral range reconfigurable in a wide range were realized to finely manipulate and select input light fields with a high degree of freedom. Second, several mechanisms and new designs that aim at nonlinear enhancement have been proposed, including optical ridge waveguides with reverse biased PIN junction, slot waveguides,multimode waveguides and parity-time symmetry coupled microresonators. Advanced AOSP operations are verified with these novel designs. Logical computations at 100 Gbit/s were demonstrated with self-developed, monolithic integrated programmable optical logic array. High-dimensional multi-value logic operations based on the four-wave mixing effect are realized. Multi-channel all-optical amplitude and phase regeneration technology is developed, and a multi-channel, multiformat, reconfigurable all-optical regeneration chip is realized. Expanding regeneration capacity via spatial dimension is also verified. Third, the crosstalk from optical as well as thermal coupling due to high-density integration are mitigated by developing novel optical designs and advanced packaging technologies, enabling high-density, small size, multi-channel and multi-functional operation with low power consumption. Finally, four programmable AOSP chips are developed, i.e.,programmable photonic filter chip, programmable photonic logic operation chip, multi-dimensional all-optical regeneration chip, and multi-channel and multi-functional AOSP chip with packaging. The major achievements developed in this project pave the way toward ultra-low loss, high-speed, high-efficient, high-density information processing in future classical and non-classical communication and computing applications.展开更多
Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By comb...Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method’s sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98-19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method’s ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.展开更多
Kerr resonator is one of the most popular platforms to produce optical frequency comb and temporal cavity soliton.As an essential method for investigating the nonlinear dynamics of Kerr resonators,traditional numerica...Kerr resonator is one of the most popular platforms to produce optical frequency comb and temporal cavity soliton.As an essential method for investigating the nonlinear dynamics of Kerr resonators,traditional numerical simulations rely on solving the Lugiato-Lefever equation(LLE)using the split-step Fourier method(SSFM),which is computationally intensive and time-consuming.To address this challenge,this study proposes a recurrent neural network model with prior information feedback,enabling efficient and accurate prediction of soliton dynamics in Kerr resonator.With the acceleration of graphics processing unit(GPU),the computational efficiency improved by 20 times.We compared various recurrent neural networks and found that the gated recurrent unit(GRU)network demonstrated superior performance in this task.This work highlights the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)for modeling nonlinear optical dynamics in Kerr resonator,paving the way for designing optical frequency comb and generating ultrafast pulse.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites have become one of the most competitive new-generation optoelectronic materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Vacuum evaporation can produce high-purity and large-area film...Metal halide perovskites have become one of the most competitive new-generation optoelectronic materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Vacuum evaporation can produce high-purity and large-area films, leading to the wide application of this method in the semiconductor industry and optoelectronics field. However, the electroluminescent performance of vacuum-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs) still lags behind those counterparts fabricated by solution methods. Herein, based on vacuum evaporation, 3D perovskite films are obtained by three-source co-evaporation.Considering the unique quantum well structure of quasi-2D perovskite can significantly enhance the exciton binding energy and improve the radiative recombination rate, leading to a high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY). Subsequently,the highly stable and low-defect-density quasi-2D perovskite is introduced into 3D perovskite films through post-treatment with phenethylammonium chloride(PEACl). To minimize the degradation of film quality caused by PEACl treatment, a layer of guanidinium bromide(GABr) is vacuum evaporated on top of PEACl treatment to further improve the quality of emitting layer. Finally, under the synergistic post-processing modification of PEACl and GABr, blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) of 6.09% and a maximum brightness of 1325 cd/m^(2) are successfully obtained. This work deepens the understanding of 2D/3D heterojunctions and provides a new approach to construct PeLEDs with high performance.展开更多
The integration of machine learning with photonic and optoelectronic components is progressing rapidly, offering the potential for high-speed bio-inspired computing platforms. In this work, we employ an experimental f...The integration of machine learning with photonic and optoelectronic components is progressing rapidly, offering the potential for high-speed bio-inspired computing platforms. In this work, we employ an experimental fiber-based dendritic structure with adaptive plasticity for a learning-and-control virtual task. Specifically, we develop a closed-loop controller embedded in a single-mode fiber optical dendritic unit(ODU) that incorporates Hebbian learning principles, and we test it in a hypothetical temperature stabilization task. Our optoelectronic system operates at 1 GHz signaling and sampling rates and applies plasticity rules through the direct modulation of semiconductor optical amplifiers. Although the input correlation(ICO) learning rule we consider here is computed digitally from the experimental output of the optoelectronic system, this output is fed back into the plastic properties of the ODU physical substrate, enabling autonomous learning. In this specific configuration, we utilize only three plastic dendritic optical branches with exclusively positive weighting. We demonstrate that, despite variations in the physical system's parameters, the application of the ICO learning rule effectively mitigates temperature disturbances, ensuring robust performance. These results encourage an all-hardware solution, where optimizing feedback loop speed and embedding the ICO rule will enable continuous stabilization, finalizing a real-time platform operating at up to 1 GHz.展开更多
The paper presents the results of modern research on the effects of electromagnetic terahertz radiation in the frequency range 0.5-100 THz at different levels of power density and exposure time on the viability of nor...The paper presents the results of modern research on the effects of electromagnetic terahertz radiation in the frequency range 0.5-100 THz at different levels of power density and exposure time on the viability of normal and cancer cells. As an accompanying tool for monitoring the effect of radiation on biological cells and tissues, spectroscopic research methods in the terahertz frequency range are described, and attention is focused on the possibility of using the spectra of interstitial water as a marker of pathological processes. The problem of the safety of terahertz radiation for the human body from the point of view of its effect on the structures and systems of biological cells is also considered.展开更多
Understanding the sorption dynamics between water molecules and various solid surfaces is of great interest in diverse fundamental and industrial research.For studying such dynamics in a microsystem,existing investiga...Understanding the sorption dynamics between water molecules and various solid surfaces is of great interest in diverse fundamental and industrial research.For studying such dynamics in a microsystem,existing investigations mainly focus on sorption behaviors mediated by external temperature variations.Here,we demonstrate a route to in situ sensitive detection of laser irradiation-induced localized water molecule desorption at a sub-monolayer level on an oxide surface.Harnessing a tailored set of optical whispering-gallery-mode(WGM)resonances in a nanomembrane-based microtube cavity,the desorption can be tracked by resonance mode shift in real-time,and further explained using a combination of pseudo-firstorder and pseudo-second-order models.Additionally,upon adjusted laser excitation locations,the axial-mode-dependent responses enable the retrieval of corresponding profiles of desorption-induced perturbation at equilibrium.This study provides new insights into molecular desorption kinetics and introduces a spatially resolved sensing technique with applications in surface science,molecular sensing,and the study of desorption dynamics at the nanoscale.展开更多
For 2μm all-solid-state lasers,pulse modulation methods based on low-dimensional nanomaterial saturable absorbers(SAs)offer advantages such as compact structure,low cost,and ease of implementation.The construction of...For 2μm all-solid-state lasers,pulse modulation methods based on low-dimensional nanomaterial saturable absorbers(SAs)offer advantages such as compact structure,low cost,and ease of implementation.The construction of stable,highly nonlinear low-dimensional nanomaterial SAs is an urgent issue to be addressed.In this paper,two types of black phosphorus/rhenium disulfide(BP/ReS_(2))heterojunction with high stability were prepared separately by liquid phase exfoliation(LPE)and mechanical exfoliation(ME)methods,the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics of the two types of heterojunctions have been characterized in detail.Then,the pulse modulation applications of these two materials have been studied in a 2μm all-solid-state thulium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite(Tm:YAP)passively Q-switched pulsed laser.The BP/ReS_(2) heterojunction SA prepared by the LPE method demonstrates a thinner thickness and lower non-saturation optical loss,which achieved the maximum average output power 528 mW at a pump power of 6.37 W,with a narrowest pulse width of 366 ns,and a maximum peak power of 28.85 W.These results indicate that the BP/ReS_(2) heterojunction SA has great potential for optical modulation device applications.展开更多
Under the excitation of a 980 nm laser,the visible upconversion(UC)luminescence of Er^(3+)ions doped Yb^(3+)ions selfactivated NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)phosphor and crystal,as well as the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)ions codoped NaBi(MoO_...Under the excitation of a 980 nm laser,the visible upconversion(UC)luminescence of Er^(3+)ions doped Yb^(3+)ions selfactivated NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)phosphor and crystal,as well as the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)ions codoped NaBi(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal were investigated comprehensively.The results indicate that all three samples exhibit two significant green emission bands and a weak red emission band in the visible band corresponding to the transitions of^(2)H_(11/2)/^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)and^(4)F_(9/2)→4 I_(15/2)of Er^(3+)ions,respectively.Through the variable power density spectra of three different samples,the relationship between the energy back transfer(EBT)process of Yb^(3+)-Er^(3+)ions and the power density point and Yb^(3+)ion concentration was investigated.The EBT process was observed in both the Er^(3+)ions doped Yb^(3+)ions self-activated NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)phosphor and crystal,as confirmed by the luminescence image of the sample.At high power density,the Yb^(3+)ions self-activated sample exhibited yellow luminescence,with the crystal appearing later than the phosphor.In contrast,the NaBi(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal displayed bright green emission within the measured power density range.In addition,by monitoring the relative intensity change of Yb^(3+)emission in 5 at%Er^(3+):NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal,the generation of EBT process in self-activated samples at high power density is more directly explained.These experimental results provide a reliable basis for our comprehensive understanding of the EBT mechanism,and also provide a reliable direction for the final determination of the optimal excitation power density for optical temperature measurement.展开更多
The progressive number of old adults with cognitive impairment worldwide and the lack of efective pharmacologic therapies require the development of non-pharmacologic strategies.The photobiomodulation(PBM)is a promisi...The progressive number of old adults with cognitive impairment worldwide and the lack of efective pharmacologic therapies require the development of non-pharmacologic strategies.The photobiomodulation(PBM)is a promising method in prevention of early or mild age-related cognitive impairments.However,it remains unclear the efcacy of PBM for old patients with signifcant age-related cognitive dysfunction.In our study on male mice,we show a gradual increase in the brain amyloid beta(Aβ)levels and a decrease in brain drainage with age,which,however,is associated with a decline in cognitive function only in old(24 months of age)mice but not in middle-aged(12 months of age)and young(3 month of age)animals.These age-related features are accompanied by the development of hyperplasia of the meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs)in old mice underlying the decrease in brain drainage.PBM improves cognitive training exercises and Aβclearance only in young and middle-aged mice,while old animals are not sensitive to PBM.These results clearly demonstrate that the PBM efects on cognitive function are correlated with age-mediated changes in the MLV network and may be efective if the MLV function is preserved.These fndings expand fundamental knowledge about age diferences in the efectiveness of PBM for improvement of cognitive functions and Aβclearance as well as about the lymphatic mechanisms responsible for age decline in sensitivity to the therapeutic PBM efects.展开更多
Optoelectronic devices,including light sensors and light-emitting diodes,are indispensable for our daily lives.Lead-based optoelectronic materials,including colloidal quantum dots and lead-halide perovskites,have emer...Optoelectronic devices,including light sensors and light-emitting diodes,are indispensable for our daily lives.Lead-based optoelectronic materials,including colloidal quantum dots and lead-halide perovskites,have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation optoelectronic devices.This is primarily attributed to their tailorable optoelectronic properties,industrialization-compatible manufacturing techniques,seamless integration with silicon technology and excellent device performance.In this perspective,we review recent advancements in lead-based optoelectronic devices,specifically focusing on photodetectors and active displays.By discussing the current challenges and limitations of lead-based optoelectronics,we find the exciting potential of on-chip,in-situ fabrication methods for realizing high-performance optoelectronic systems.展开更多
Three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue architecture is crucial for biomedical research.Tissue optical clearing technology overcomes light scattering limitations in biological tissues,providing an essential tool fo...Three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue architecture is crucial for biomedical research.Tissue optical clearing technology overcomes light scattering limitations in biological tissues,providing an essential tool for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging.Given the high degree of similarity between large model animals(e.g.,pigs,non-human primates)and humans in terms of anatomical structure,physiologic function,and disease mechanisms,the application of this technology in these models holds significant value for biomedical research.While well-established tissue clearing protocols exist for tissue sections,whole organs,and even entire bodies in rodents,scaling up to large animal specimens presents substantial challenges due to dimensional effects and compositional variations.This review systematically examines the methodological translation from rodent to large animals,particularly on species-specific differences in brain architecture and parenchymal organ composition that critically impact clearing efficiency.We comprehensively summarize recent applications in large animals,focusing on representative areas including neural circuit mapping,sensory organ imaging,and other related research domains,while proposing optimization strategies to overcome cross-species compatibility barriers.We hope this review will serve as a valuable reference for advancing tissue optical clearing applications in large-animal biomedical research.展开更多
基金supported by grant(No.23-75-30001),TA,AS,NN,SGA,TM,BI,and FI were supported by grant(No.24-75-10047)from the Russian Science Foundation.
文摘Age is a limiting factor in the efficacy of photobiomodulation(PBM)for brain drainage and cognitive functions.Meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs)are“tunnels”for removal of toxins from the brain and the target of PBM.Age-related decline in the MLV functions is one of the mechanisms by which the effects of PBM on brain drainage and cognitive process are limited.Sleep is a time of natural activation of brain drainage.Recent findings have shown that PBM during sleep has greater effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid and cognitive function in young and middle-age mice.Based on these data,this study tested the hypothesis that sleep enhances the effects of PBM on MLVs and cognitive function in the aging brain.Indeed,the results revealed that PBM during sleep,but not during wakefulness,has stimulatory effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid from the brain of old mice that improves memory.In sleep deficit experiments,it was found that chronic sleep deprivation is accompanied by suppression of brain drainage and removal of metabolites from the brain,such as beta-amyloid,tau,glutamate,lactate and glucose in young,middle-aged and most significantly in old mice.The course of PBM during sleep contributed better than in wakefulness to the restoration of the brain level of tested metabolites in young and middle-aged mice,while in old mice only PBM during sleep was effective.These results open a new strategy for the use of PBM during sleep to improve the efficacy of PBM on clearance of toxic metabolites from the brain,especially in aged subjects in whom the efficacy of PBM during wakefulness is limited.
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC4027).
文摘High-power fiber oscillators have been widely used in industrial processing,high-end manufacturing,biomedicine and so on.However,as the output power increase,stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)becomes the main factor limiting the performance improvement of fiber oscillators.In this paper,a chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating(CTFBG)is used to suppress SRS in a high-power fiber oscillator.The CTFBG is fabricated on one side of a low-reflectivity FBG(LRFBG)to form a composite FBG by the femtosecond laser phase mask technology,enhancing the compactness and stability of the fiber oscillator system.SRS is effectively suppressed by CTFBG with a Raman suppression depth and width of 16 dB and 86 nm,respectively,and the Raman light ratio in the output power decreases by an order of magnitude.The output power of fiber oscillators is increased to 9 kW,which is the highest power for fiber oscillators with SRS suppression using CTFBGs,to the best of our knowledge.This work demonstrates that the composite FBG can effectively improve the performance of high-power fiber oscillators,which provides new insights into the development of fiber laser technology.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Project No.22-65-00096)in terms of experiment planning and carrying out,manufacturing and calibration of the LSCI systemby the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Agreement No.125020301282-0)in terms of manufacturing and calibration of the IPPG system.
文摘Intraoperative assessment of cerebral hemodynamics is crucial for the success of neurosurgical interventions.This study evaluates the potential of laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)and imaging photoplethysmography(IPPG)for contactless perfusion monitoring during neurosurgery.Despite similarities in their hardware requirements,these techniques rely on fundamentally different principles:light scattering for LSCI and light absorption for IPPG.Comparative experiments were conducted using animals(rats)when assessing the reaction of cerebral hemodynamics to adenosine triphosphate infusion.The results show different spatial and temporal characteristics of the techniques:LSCI predominantly visualizes blood flow in large venous vessels,especially in the sagittal and transverse sinuses,showing a pronounced modulation associated with the heart that cannot be explained by venous blood flow alone.In contrast,IPPG quantifies the dynamics of perfusion changes in the parenchyma,showing minimal signal in large venous vessels.We propose that LSCI signal modulation is significantly influenced by the movement of vessel walls in response to mechanical pressure waves propagating through the parenchyma from nearby arteries.A novel algorithm for LSCI data processing was developed based on this interpretation,producing perfusion indices that align well with IPPG measurements.This study demonstrates that the complementary nature of these techniques(LSCI is sensitive to blood cells displacements,while IPPG detects a change in their density)makes their combined application particularly valuable for comprehensive assessment of cerebral hemodynamics during neurosurgery.
文摘Red blood cells(RBCs)are vital components of human blood,and their morphological abnormalities serve as reliable indicators of various disease pathophysiologies.As a novel label-free optical technique,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetry is gaining recognition for its value in disease diagnosis and pathological analysis.In this study,we integrate a dual-angle MM measurement system with single-cell polarized light scattering modeling to establish specific polarization feature parameters(PFPs)characterizing cellular microphysical properties.The PFPs quantitatively describe morphological and optical changes in individual RBCs undergoing complex deformations.Experimental results demonstrate that PFPs can effectively distinguish differences in size,shape,refractive index,and surface spicules between deformed and normal RBCs.Moreover,by incorporating PFPs into a Random Forest classifier,we accurately quantify the proportion of abnormal RBCs in mixed suspensions.This study confirms the capability of polarization measurement for label-free,high-throughput analysis of RBC microphysical properties at the single-cell level.
基金supported by Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)under project number 98029460supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 23-14-00287.
文摘In recent years,the utilization of nanoparticles with varying morphologies in optical coherence tomography(OCT)has gained prominence,primarily aimed at enhancing imaging contrast and depth.Various factors associated with nanoparticles,encompassing their shape,orientation,and distribution within biological tissues,significantly influence OCT performance.A thorough investigation of these parameters has yielded substantial findings,particularly regarding the enhancement of OCT images facilitated by the presence of nanorods(NRs).In this study,we conducted OCT imaging of chicken breast tissue employing Fe3O4 NRs under different polarization states,utilizing solenoids to apply a magnetic field to the nanoparticles.The results demonstrate that orienting nanoparticles can improve the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio(CNR)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of OCT signal more than twofold compared to scenarios lacking specified orientation.Furthermore,this article addresses the challenge of prolonged nanoparticle distribution in tissue when using ultrasound probes,successfully reducing the distribution time from approximately 45 min to about 5 min.The findings presented herein show significant promises for advancing optical coherence tomography across a variety of applications.
基金support from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z241100004224020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62204258)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu(No.BE2022051-3).
文摘This study explores the application of cold plate liquid cooling technology in co-packaged optics(CPO).By integrating optical modules and the switch chip on the same substrate,CPO shortens the electrical interconnection distance,effectively solving the problems of high power consumption and poor signal integrity of traditional pluggable optical modules under high bandwidth.However,the surge in power density and the thermal crosstalk resulting from high integration density make thermal management one of the key challenges that constrain the reliability of high-capacity co-packaged optics.For the unique architecture of CPO,this study analyzes its heat dissipation needs in detail,and a thermal management scheme is designed.The thermal management scheme is simulated and optimized based on the Navier−Stokes equation.The simulation results show that,in a 51.2 Tbit/s CPO system,the junction temperature of the switch chip is 97.3℃,the maximum junction temperature of the optical modules is 31.3℃,and the temperature difference between the optical modules is 2.4℃ to 1.2℃.To verify the simulation results,a thermal test experimental platform is built,and the experimental results show that the temperature simulation difference is within 4%and the pressure change trend is consistent with the simulation.Combining the experimental data and simulation results,the designed heat sink can satisfy the heat dissipation demands of the 51.2 Tbit/s bandwidth CPO system.This conclusion demonstrates the potential of liquid-cooling technology in CPO,providing support for research on liquid-cooling technology in the CPO.The design provides a theoretical and practical basis for the high performance and reliability of optoelectronic integration technology in wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)systems and micro-ring device applications,contributing to the application of next-generation optical communication networks.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-Power Semiconductor Laser,Changchun University of Science and Technology,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61975182)Key project of Natural Science foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23F050001).
文摘Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer a promising solution to achieving high-quality factor (Q factor) cavities. However, finite-size effects severely deteriorate the BIC mode in practical applications. This paper reports the experimental demonstration of an electrically pumped 940 nm laser based on optimized BIC cavity, achieving a high Q factor of up to 1.18 × 10^(4) even with finite photonic crystal footprint, which is two orders of magnitude larger than un-optimized BIC design. Two strategies have been systematically investigated to mitigate finite-size effects: reflective photonic crystal cavity design and graded photonic crystal cavity design. Both methods significantly improve the Q factor, demonstrating the effectiveness of preserving BIC characteristics in finite-sized photonic crystal cavities. In addition, the reflective boundary photonic crystal design is fabricated and experimentally characterized to demonstrate its lasing characteristics. The fabricated laser exhibits single-mode operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 38.6 dB. These results pave the way for future designs of BICs with finite size in real applications, promoting the performance of BIC-based integrated lasers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2203100).
文摘Taking the advantage of ultrafast optical linear and nonlinear effects, all-optical signal processing(AOSP) enables manipulation, regeneration, and computing of information directly in optical domain without resorting to electronics. As a promising photonic integration platform, silicon-on-insulator(SOI) has the advantage of complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility, low-loss, compact size as well as large optical nonlinearities. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the project granted to develop silicon-based reconfigurable AOSP chips, which aims to combine the merits of AOSP and silicon photonics to solve the unsustainable cost and energy challenges in future communication and big data applications. Three key challenges are identified in this project:(1) how to finely manipulate and reconfigure optical fields,(2) how to achieve ultra-low loss integrated silicon waveguides and significant enhancement of nonlinear effects,(3) how to mitigate crosstalk between optical, electrical and thermal components. By focusing on these key issues, the following major achievements are realized during the project. First, ultra-low loss silicon-based waveguides as well as ultra-high quality microresonators are developed by advancing key fabrication technologies as well as device structures. Integrated photonic filters with bandwidth and free spectral range reconfigurable in a wide range were realized to finely manipulate and select input light fields with a high degree of freedom. Second, several mechanisms and new designs that aim at nonlinear enhancement have been proposed, including optical ridge waveguides with reverse biased PIN junction, slot waveguides,multimode waveguides and parity-time symmetry coupled microresonators. Advanced AOSP operations are verified with these novel designs. Logical computations at 100 Gbit/s were demonstrated with self-developed, monolithic integrated programmable optical logic array. High-dimensional multi-value logic operations based on the four-wave mixing effect are realized. Multi-channel all-optical amplitude and phase regeneration technology is developed, and a multi-channel, multiformat, reconfigurable all-optical regeneration chip is realized. Expanding regeneration capacity via spatial dimension is also verified. Third, the crosstalk from optical as well as thermal coupling due to high-density integration are mitigated by developing novel optical designs and advanced packaging technologies, enabling high-density, small size, multi-channel and multi-functional operation with low power consumption. Finally, four programmable AOSP chips are developed, i.e.,programmable photonic filter chip, programmable photonic logic operation chip, multi-dimensional all-optical regeneration chip, and multi-channel and multi-functional AOSP chip with packaging. The major achievements developed in this project pave the way toward ultra-low loss, high-speed, high-efficient, high-density information processing in future classical and non-classical communication and computing applications.
基金The work was financially supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No.22-65-00096.
文摘Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method’s sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98-19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method’s ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42327803)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2023WNLOKF007)+4 种基金the Open Fund of the State Laboratory of Photonics and Communications(2025QZKF021)Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2022BEC003)Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2023BAB062)Major Science and Technology Projects of Wuhan(2023010302020030)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010965,2024A1515010017).
文摘Kerr resonator is one of the most popular platforms to produce optical frequency comb and temporal cavity soliton.As an essential method for investigating the nonlinear dynamics of Kerr resonators,traditional numerical simulations rely on solving the Lugiato-Lefever equation(LLE)using the split-step Fourier method(SSFM),which is computationally intensive and time-consuming.To address this challenge,this study proposes a recurrent neural network model with prior information feedback,enabling efficient and accurate prediction of soliton dynamics in Kerr resonator.With the acceleration of graphics processing unit(GPU),the computational efficiency improved by 20 times.We compared various recurrent neural networks and found that the gated recurrent unit(GRU)network demonstrated superior performance in this task.This work highlights the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)for modeling nonlinear optical dynamics in Kerr resonator,paving the way for designing optical frequency comb and generating ultrafast pulse.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1204800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2001219)+1 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023AFA034)the Key R&D program of Hubei Province(No.2023BAB102).
文摘Metal halide perovskites have become one of the most competitive new-generation optoelectronic materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Vacuum evaporation can produce high-purity and large-area films, leading to the wide application of this method in the semiconductor industry and optoelectronics field. However, the electroluminescent performance of vacuum-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs) still lags behind those counterparts fabricated by solution methods. Herein, based on vacuum evaporation, 3D perovskite films are obtained by three-source co-evaporation.Considering the unique quantum well structure of quasi-2D perovskite can significantly enhance the exciton binding energy and improve the radiative recombination rate, leading to a high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY). Subsequently,the highly stable and low-defect-density quasi-2D perovskite is introduced into 3D perovskite films through post-treatment with phenethylammonium chloride(PEACl). To minimize the degradation of film quality caused by PEACl treatment, a layer of guanidinium bromide(GABr) is vacuum evaporated on top of PEACl treatment to further improve the quality of emitting layer. Finally, under the synergistic post-processing modification of PEACl and GABr, blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) of 6.09% and a maximum brightness of 1325 cd/m^(2) are successfully obtained. This work deepens the understanding of 2D/3D heterojunctions and provides a new approach to construct PeLEDs with high performance.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 899265(ADOPD)the Program for Centres and Units of Excellence in R&D María de Maeztu under Project CEX2021-001164-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,and the project INFOLANET PID2022-139409NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
文摘The integration of machine learning with photonic and optoelectronic components is progressing rapidly, offering the potential for high-speed bio-inspired computing platforms. In this work, we employ an experimental fiber-based dendritic structure with adaptive plasticity for a learning-and-control virtual task. Specifically, we develop a closed-loop controller embedded in a single-mode fiber optical dendritic unit(ODU) that incorporates Hebbian learning principles, and we test it in a hypothetical temperature stabilization task. Our optoelectronic system operates at 1 GHz signaling and sampling rates and applies plasticity rules through the direct modulation of semiconductor optical amplifiers. Although the input correlation(ICO) learning rule we consider here is computed digitally from the experimental output of the optoelectronic system, this output is fed back into the plastic properties of the ODU physical substrate, enabling autonomous learning. In this specific configuration, we utilize only three plastic dendritic optical branches with exclusively positive weighting. We demonstrate that, despite variations in the physical system's parameters, the application of the ICO learning rule effectively mitigates temperature disturbances, ensuring robust performance. These results encourage an all-hardware solution, where optimizing feedback loop speed and embedding the ICO rule will enable continuous stabilization, finalizing a real-time platform operating at up to 1 GHz.
基金This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant 23-14-00287.
文摘The paper presents the results of modern research on the effects of electromagnetic terahertz radiation in the frequency range 0.5-100 THz at different levels of power density and exposure time on the viability of normal and cancer cells. As an accompanying tool for monitoring the effect of radiation on biological cells and tissues, spectroscopic research methods in the terahertz frequency range are described, and attention is focused on the possibility of using the spectra of interstitial water as a marker of pathological processes. The problem of the safety of terahertz radiation for the human body from the point of view of its effect on the structures and systems of biological cells is also considered.
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2023YFE0208700the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62422503,12474375,12274182,and 62305093+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen under Grants JCYJ20220531095604009,JCYJ20240813104819027,RCYX20221008092907027,and GXWD20231129101105001Hainan Province"Nanhai New Star"Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Program under Grant NHXXRCXM202304the Innovation/Entrepreneurship Program of Jiangsu Province under Grants JSSCTD202146 and JSSCRC2021538.
文摘Understanding the sorption dynamics between water molecules and various solid surfaces is of great interest in diverse fundamental and industrial research.For studying such dynamics in a microsystem,existing investigations mainly focus on sorption behaviors mediated by external temperature variations.Here,we demonstrate a route to in situ sensitive detection of laser irradiation-induced localized water molecule desorption at a sub-monolayer level on an oxide surface.Harnessing a tailored set of optical whispering-gallery-mode(WGM)resonances in a nanomembrane-based microtube cavity,the desorption can be tracked by resonance mode shift in real-time,and further explained using a combination of pseudo-firstorder and pseudo-second-order models.Additionally,upon adjusted laser excitation locations,the axial-mode-dependent responses enable the retrieval of corresponding profiles of desorption-induced perturbation at equilibrium.This study provides new insights into molecular desorption kinetics and introduces a spatially resolved sensing technique with applications in surface science,molecular sensing,and the study of desorption dynamics at the nanoscale.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Key R&D Program(No.2024CXGC010106)Joint Fund for Innovation and Development of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023LLZ011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MA084)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Youths(No.ZR2022QF081).
文摘For 2μm all-solid-state lasers,pulse modulation methods based on low-dimensional nanomaterial saturable absorbers(SAs)offer advantages such as compact structure,low cost,and ease of implementation.The construction of stable,highly nonlinear low-dimensional nanomaterial SAs is an urgent issue to be addressed.In this paper,two types of black phosphorus/rhenium disulfide(BP/ReS_(2))heterojunction with high stability were prepared separately by liquid phase exfoliation(LPE)and mechanical exfoliation(ME)methods,the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics of the two types of heterojunctions have been characterized in detail.Then,the pulse modulation applications of these two materials have been studied in a 2μm all-solid-state thulium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite(Tm:YAP)passively Q-switched pulsed laser.The BP/ReS_(2) heterojunction SA prepared by the LPE method demonstrates a thinner thickness and lower non-saturation optical loss,which achieved the maximum average output power 528 mW at a pump power of 6.37 W,with a narrowest pulse width of 366 ns,and a maximum peak power of 28.85 W.These results indicate that the BP/ReS_(2) heterojunction SA has great potential for optical modulation device applications.
基金Foundation of China(Grant No.52202001)Special Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62241501)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology of Anhui Province(No.202203a05020002)University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(No.KJ2021 A0388)supported this study.
文摘Under the excitation of a 980 nm laser,the visible upconversion(UC)luminescence of Er^(3+)ions doped Yb^(3+)ions selfactivated NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)phosphor and crystal,as well as the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)ions codoped NaBi(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal were investigated comprehensively.The results indicate that all three samples exhibit two significant green emission bands and a weak red emission band in the visible band corresponding to the transitions of^(2)H_(11/2)/^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)and^(4)F_(9/2)→4 I_(15/2)of Er^(3+)ions,respectively.Through the variable power density spectra of three different samples,the relationship between the energy back transfer(EBT)process of Yb^(3+)-Er^(3+)ions and the power density point and Yb^(3+)ion concentration was investigated.The EBT process was observed in both the Er^(3+)ions doped Yb^(3+)ions self-activated NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)phosphor and crystal,as confirmed by the luminescence image of the sample.At high power density,the Yb^(3+)ions self-activated sample exhibited yellow luminescence,with the crystal appearing later than the phosphor.In contrast,the NaBi(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal displayed bright green emission within the measured power density range.In addition,by monitoring the relative intensity change of Yb^(3+)emission in 5 at%Er^(3+):NaYb(MoO_(4))_(2)crystal,the generation of EBT process in self-activated samples at high power density is more directly explained.These experimental results provide a reliable basis for our comprehensive understanding of the EBT mechanism,and also provide a reliable direction for the final determination of the optimal excitation power density for optical temperature measurement.
基金support with the enzyme immunoassay and immunofuorescence analysis within Project No.GR 1022040700963-8(IBPPM RAS).
文摘The progressive number of old adults with cognitive impairment worldwide and the lack of efective pharmacologic therapies require the development of non-pharmacologic strategies.The photobiomodulation(PBM)is a promising method in prevention of early or mild age-related cognitive impairments.However,it remains unclear the efcacy of PBM for old patients with signifcant age-related cognitive dysfunction.In our study on male mice,we show a gradual increase in the brain amyloid beta(Aβ)levels and a decrease in brain drainage with age,which,however,is associated with a decline in cognitive function only in old(24 months of age)mice but not in middle-aged(12 months of age)and young(3 month of age)animals.These age-related features are accompanied by the development of hyperplasia of the meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs)in old mice underlying the decrease in brain drainage.PBM improves cognitive training exercises and Aβclearance only in young and middle-aged mice,while old animals are not sensitive to PBM.These results clearly demonstrate that the PBM efects on cognitive function are correlated with age-mediated changes in the MLV network and may be efective if the MLV function is preserved.These fndings expand fundamental knowledge about age diferences in the efectiveness of PBM for improvement of cognitive functions and Aβclearance as well as about the lymphatic mechanisms responsible for age decline in sensitivity to the therapeutic PBM efects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFA1209503 and 2021YFB3501800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62322505 and 62374069)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(No.OVL2023ZD002).
文摘Optoelectronic devices,including light sensors and light-emitting diodes,are indispensable for our daily lives.Lead-based optoelectronic materials,including colloidal quantum dots and lead-halide perovskites,have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation optoelectronic devices.This is primarily attributed to their tailorable optoelectronic properties,industrialization-compatible manufacturing techniques,seamless integration with silicon technology and excellent device performance.In this perspective,we review recent advancements in lead-based optoelectronic devices,specifically focusing on photodetectors and active displays.By discussing the current challenges and limitations of lead-based optoelectronics,we find the exciting potential of on-chip,in-situ fabrication methods for realizing high-performance optoelectronic systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62375096,82361138569,82372012,82402341)the Open Competition Project of Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone(Grant No.2023KJB224)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2025BB008).
文摘Three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue architecture is crucial for biomedical research.Tissue optical clearing technology overcomes light scattering limitations in biological tissues,providing an essential tool for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging.Given the high degree of similarity between large model animals(e.g.,pigs,non-human primates)and humans in terms of anatomical structure,physiologic function,and disease mechanisms,the application of this technology in these models holds significant value for biomedical research.While well-established tissue clearing protocols exist for tissue sections,whole organs,and even entire bodies in rodents,scaling up to large animal specimens presents substantial challenges due to dimensional effects and compositional variations.This review systematically examines the methodological translation from rodent to large animals,particularly on species-specific differences in brain architecture and parenchymal organ composition that critically impact clearing efficiency.We comprehensively summarize recent applications in large animals,focusing on representative areas including neural circuit mapping,sensory organ imaging,and other related research domains,while proposing optimization strategies to overcome cross-species compatibility barriers.We hope this review will serve as a valuable reference for advancing tissue optical clearing applications in large-animal biomedical research.
