With the intensification of global climate change,carbon neutrality has become a crucial objective for achieving sustainable development,which critically requires systematic technological innovation and collaborative ...With the intensification of global climate change,carbon neutrality has become a crucial objective for achieving sustainable development,which critically requires systematic technological innovation and collaborative cooperation between technologies and countries.Through categorization and comprehensive technological assessments,a thorough examination of relevant technologies can furnish a framework to guide emission reduction efforts across various sectors.This review seeks to explore the methods by which various countries achieve carbon neutrality technology systems and pathways,with an in-depth study of the differences between the technological approaches and systems in China,the United States,and European countries.The construction of technology systems in several countries is reviewed,from the composition of the systems to the assessment of technologies that include indicators such as carbon reduction potential.Building upon an analysis of key technological pathways in renewable energy,carbon capture,utilization and storage,energy efficiency improvement,and hydrogen energy across different countries,a systematic evaluation is conducted from three key dimensions-policy formulation,resource endowment,and industrial foundation-to identify the similarities,differences,and driving factors in the construction of carbon neutrality technology systems among nations.Based on the previous work,we conducted a comparative analysis and summary of carbon neutrality pathways across various countries worldwide,systematically reviewing and evaluating carbon neutrality technologies in power generation,industry,transportation,and building sectors.Building upon these findings,the study offers recommendations for coupling diverse technological approaches and for international cooperation.By comparing international experiences and practices,this study provides operational references for countries in formulating technology planning and emission reduction strategies,and also provides an important basis for deepening global carbon neutral cooperation in the future.展开更多
Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are traditionally known as energy-intensive facilities,where substantial energy consumption not only results in higher operational costs but also contributes to significant indirect c...Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are traditionally known as energy-intensive facilities,where substantial energy consumption not only results in higher operational costs but also contributes to significant indirect carbon emissions.These emissions,primarily stemming from energy use,contradict the global agenda of achieving carbon neutrality.This review investigates strategies for transforming WWTPs into energy self-sufficient systems.First,the main sources of energy consumption within WWTPs are identified,along with key influencing factors such as treatment technologies,plant scale,and operational strategies.Based on this foundation,three main pathways toward energy neutrality are systematically examined:(1)energy conservation,(2)energy recovery,and(3)utilization of external renewable energy sources.A comprehensive analysis of emerging energy-saving technologies in wastewater treatment processes is presented,followed by a detailed discussion on the recovery potential of embedded energy in wastewater,including organic energy,thermal energy,and hydraulic energy.Recent advances in energy regeneration technologies and their feasibility of application in WWTPs are also reviewed.Additionally,several case studies of WWTPs that have successfully implemented these strategies are examined to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of transitioning toward energy neutrality.Finally,a roadmap is proposed to achieve energy self-sufficiency in WWTPs,emphasizing a core strategy of“carbon redirection+anaerobic digestion of sludge”for energy recovery,complemented by energy conservation measures and renewable energy utilization.The technical route is supported by practical calculations of potential energy savings.Despite promising progress,further empirical studies are necessary to verify these strategies under varying conditions and to explore optimized approaches for future energy-neutral wastewater management.展开更多
As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reduc...As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption in mining areas by integrating gravity energy storage(GES)with carbon capture and power-to-gas(P2G)technologies.Utilizing the natural topography,abandoned mines can be converted into gravity energy storage systems to stabilize the fluctuating outputs of renewable sources,such as wind power(WP)and Photovoltaic(PV).Concurrently,carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology capture CO_(2)in mining areas,which is then transformed into methane using P2G systems.This methane is mixed with low-concentration coalbed methane to create a high-concentration combustible gas,facilitating carbon recycling and a collaborative multi-energy supply.The efficacy of the model was demonstrated through comparative simulations,which showed the utilization rate of renewable energy has increased,leading to a significant reduction in the total cost of the system and carbon emissions.This study confirms that optimizing gravity energy storage with CCUS-P2G effectively resolves the energy supply demand imbalance in mining areas,achieving economic and low-carbon advancements and offering theoretical support for the sector’s low-carbon transition.展开更多
Hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration(HBCS)technology utilizes naturally occurring high-pressure and low-temperature marine conditions to convert CO_(2) into solid hydrates within marine sediments,offering...Hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration(HBCS)technology utilizes naturally occurring high-pressure and low-temperature marine conditions to convert CO_(2) into solid hydrates within marine sediments,offering a promising complementary pathway for carbon emission reduction and large-scale marine sequestration.This review examines the current developments and challenges of HBCS from both scientific and engineering perspectives.First,we present the fundamental principles of HBCS,with particular emphasis on key mechanisms such as phase transition and pore sequestration.Then,we explore the mechanisms of hydrate nucleation and growth that influence core processes,as well as multi-scale stability characteristics from the microscopic to the macroscopic level.Furthermore,we systematically assess thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting sequestration efficiency,including but not limited to marine reservoir types,injection strategies,and environmentally friendly additives.Subsequently,based on an integrated evaluation of environmental,social,and economic dimensions,we assess the development potential of HBCS technology.Finally,the primary challenges currently faced are identified,and future research directions are proposed.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and challenges associated with HBCS,emphasizes its potential role in global carbon reduction efforts,and offers theoretical guidance for future industrial applications.展开更多
This study presents an innovative one-step Joule heating pyrolysis strategy for synthesizing zero-valent ferromagnetic biochar composites(BC@20Fe^(0))through controlled precursor impregnation of wheat straw with FeCl_...This study presents an innovative one-step Joule heating pyrolysis strategy for synthesizing zero-valent ferromagnetic biochar composites(BC@20Fe^(0))through controlled precursor impregnation of wheat straw with FeCl_(3).The proposed technique overcomes the limitations of conventional tube furnace carbonization by achieving uniform heating with 97.94%reduced energy consumption(35.1 kW・h/kg vs 1706.8 kW・h/kg)and 99.61%shorter processing time(60 s vs 4.3 h).The optimized BC@20Fe^(0) had adsorption capacities of 100.0 mg/g and 151.5 mg/g for As(V)and Sb(V),respectively,which were about 1.6 and 2.5 times higher than those of the traditional biochar composites.Systematic characterization(XPS,FT-IR,XRD)revealed three synergistic mechanisms:1)Fe^(0)-mediated redox reactions,2)surface complexation(Fe–O-As/Sb),and 3)electrostatic-enhanced precipitation.After four regeneration cycles,the material still has a removal rate of over 50%for As and Sb,and can still be magnetically recycled.This breakthrough in energyefficient synthesis and magnetic separability establishes BC@20Fe^(0) as a sustainable solution for heavy metal remediation,particularly addressing the critical challenge of simultaneous As-Sb removal in practical wastewater treatment scenarios.展开更多
Electric vehicles(EVs)with managed charging and discharging schedules have the potential to reduce costs,enhance grid resilience,and facilitate integration of renewable energy sources.However,the heterogeneity of cons...Electric vehicles(EVs)with managed charging and discharging schedules have the potential to reduce costs,enhance grid resilience,and facilitate integration of renewable energy sources.However,the heterogeneity of consumer travel patterns and the variability of renewable energy generation present significant challenges to existing control strategies,often resulting in issues such as the“curse of dimensionality.”This study proposes a mobility-aware deep reinforcement learning-based charging control strategy using the Deep Q-Network(DQN)algorithm to minimize charging costs and maximize photovoltaic(PV)energy utilization.Leveraging real-time electricity prices,real-world EV travel data,and actual PV generation profiles,the proposed framework achieves low charging costs,high solar energy utilization,and reduced carbon emissions—approaching the performance of an ideal offline optimization algorithm with perfect foresight,and substantially outperforming baseline strategies such as random charging,Charge-As-Soon-As-Possible(CASAP),and greedy charging.Specifically,the RL-based approach reduces charging costs by 55%and lowers carbon emission by 11.6%compared to random charging,and achieves a PV utilization rate of 95%.Furthermore,the value of information regarding EV’s travel time and the building’s electricity demand is 2.4CNY/vehicle/day and$0.7/vehicle/day,respectively,underscoring the importance of addressing uncertainty in EV charging management.These findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of reinforcement learning in optimizing EV operations within integrated vehicle-grid-building-PV systems.展开更多
Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is considered as one of the most promising large scale energy storage technologies for the electrical grid with high penetration of renewable energy.CAES systems are required to oper...Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is considered as one of the most promising large scale energy storage technologies for the electrical grid with high penetration of renewable energy.CAES systems are required to operate under complex conditions because of the pressure change in the air storage chamber and input/output power changes considering the fluctuated renewable generation and the mismatch between energy supply and demand.A dynamic operation configuration was proposed to satisfy the adjustment of off-design conditions of CAES systems and frequency management auxiliary service market.To regulate the inlet pressure of turbines and meet the output power demand for better performance,a thermodynamic model of a CAES discharging system with thermal storage and the pressure control unit(SER)was established.The control strategy of setting adjustment width instead of single instruction curve is proposed.Then,the dynamic operation parameters including pressure,mass flow rate,and exergy change during discharging processes were investigated.The superiority of the control accuracy and efficiency was demonstrated over single throttle valve through valve characterization studies.The SER system improves control accuracy by decoupling pressure and flow rate changes in dynamic operation,solving the problem of difficult control and low accuracy of traditional throttle valves.The expansion tank in SER serves as a pressure buffer and heat exchanger with the environment,reducing energy loss during fluid flow.Furthermore,the effect of the expansion tank volume of switch expansion reduction in exergy destruction were assessed.For a 10 MW/60MWh system with dynamic load to meet the requirements of the unit to participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market,the optimal added expansion tank volume is about 70m3.The optimization method of control strategy of SER system is also explored.The proposed optimized SER system of volume and control strategy can smoothly regulate the inlet pressure of the expander.When the adjustment width is 3bar,the frequency is 50%decreased,meanwhile,the on–off action time is more evenness,which ensures the stable and efficient operation of the CAES system and improves the comprehensive performance of the system.展开更多
The food supply chain is currently challenged by the imperative to sustainably feed the increasingly expanding population while simultaneously striving to meet global net-zero emission targets.The dairy sector is wide...The food supply chain is currently challenged by the imperative to sustainably feed the increasingly expanding population while simultaneously striving to meet global net-zero emission targets.The dairy sector is widely considered as a carbon-intensive industry,contributing to significant greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions thereby exacerbating global warming.Here,we first summarize recent studies on determining GHG emissions of various dairy products,which suggests that farms are the primary emission hotspots in the dairy supply chain.Next,the vital role of novel techniques and emerging strategies to reduce carbon emissions in the dairy industry is emphasized at both localand systematic levels.The implementation of targeted techniques at each stage,along with policy initiatives such as carbon pricing,plant-based alternatives,international standards and clean air act,play a vital role in establishing global optimization to mitigate climate warming.Despite these progresses,standards and guidelines of emission reduction for the dairy industry are currently lacking,which calls for continuous efforts to fill the gap.展开更多
With the growing global focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration in marine sediments has gained wide attention due to its high storage capacity and thermodynamic stability of CO_(2...With the growing global focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration in marine sediments has gained wide attention due to its high storage capacity and thermodynamic stability of CO_(2) hydrate.However,the limited understanding of the CO_(2) hydrate stability zone,particularly in the presence of abundant swelling type clays,i.e.,Na-montmorillonite,warrants further investigation.This study examines the thermodynamic effects of Na-montmorillonite on the phase equilibria of CO_(2) hydrate under varying water contents(30-80 wt%).The results reveal that Na-montmorillonite inhibits CO_(2) hydrate formation thermodynamically with a significant inhibition effect as the water content decreases.A notable leftward shift of up to 2.7 K in the phase equilibrium temperature was observed at 3.90 MPa with 30 wt%water content.A thermodynamic model was developed integrating the diffuse double layer theory and Hu-Lee-Sum water activity correlation model into the classical Chen-Guo model.The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy with the measured data with an absolute average deviation of pressure below 0.5%.The thermodynamic inhibition effect is attributed to the decrease in water activity caused by the Na+exchange in the diffuse double layer on the clay surface.This study also presents the implication of swelling type clay on the CO_(2) hydrate stability zone in a permafrost setting,highlighting its impact on the CO_(2) storage site selection and CO_(2) storage capacity.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration strategies,contributing to CO_(2) mitigation technology.展开更多
Fundamental research and economic analysis of hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration play a key role in developing the industrialization of oceanic CO_(2) sequestration.Therefore,this review deals with rece...Fundamental research and economic analysis of hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration play a key role in developing the industrialization of oceanic CO_(2) sequestration.Therefore,this review deals with recent progress in hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration from the thermodynamics and kinetics as well as their energy consumption and cost.The first section provides an overview of the thermodynamics of CO_(2) hydrate formation in both pure water and sea water,establishing a relationship between the enthalpy change of the hydrate formation reaction and the hydrate structure.Subsequently,a comparison of the kinetics of CO_(2) hydrate formation in pure water and sea water is presented,with further insight into the formation kinetics obtained through hydrate nucleation and growth models.The process of liquid CO_(2) forming hydrates is summarized,serving as a critical part of the fundamental research for oceanic CO_(2) sequestration.Finally,energy consumption and cost of CO_(2) capture methods are compared,and the whole sequestration process cost of CO_(2) capture-storage-transport-injection is comprehensively analyzed.The new understanding of this review is conducive to further commercial and industrial development of hydratebased CO_(2) sequestration.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geo-sequestration in deep coal seams is a complex process,involving multicomponent gas diffusion,competitive gas sorption,and the associated mechanical deformation of the coal mass.There is no su...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geo-sequestration in deep coal seams is a complex process,involving multicomponent gas diffusion,competitive gas sorption,and the associated mechanical deformation of the coal mass.There is no sufficient knowledge about these coupled underlying multi-physical behaviours,so an in-depth fundamental understanding of these processes is required.In this paper,we conducted in-situ core flooding experiments to study multicomponent gas flow dynamics in coal through microscale synchrotron X-ray imaging.Since xenon(Xe)and krypton(Kr)have high X-ray attenuation coefficients,they could be directly observed under X-ray imaging.Thus,we use Kr as analogues of methane(CH4)and Xe to represent CO_(2),due to similar sorption behaviours in coal.The high-resolution imaging results uncover the process of the multicomponent gas exchange and sorption,gas diffusion,and sorptioninduced fracture deformation.We presented the direct evidence of competitive adsorption behaviours of different gas coal lithotypes types during the core flooding.The image data provide a method to quantify the mass transfer coefficients under different gas types and conditions,which further enable us to perform larger-scale gas Advection–Diffusion-Sorption modelling with lab-verified parameters.Moreover,we found that gas desorption by the mechanism of gas competition exchange is more dominant than sample depressurisation.When there are multiple sorptive gases,fracture deformation is not significant because gas adsorption and desorption have opposite effects on fracture aperture.展开更多
Taking climate actions is of increasing importance.The agricultural sector is exploring its carbon neutrality transition pathway.Current relevant studies paid limited attention to agricultural products such as table g...Taking climate actions is of increasing importance.The agricultural sector is exploring its carbon neutrality transition pathway.Current relevant studies paid limited attention to agricultural products such as table grapes.This study takes table grapes cultivation in Shanghai as a case study,employing the life cycle assessment(LCA)to account for the carbon emissions and environmental impacts of five different conditions,including open field,simple greenhouse,continuous greenhouse,continuous greenhouse with photovoltaic power,and improved continuous greenhouse with photovoltaic power.Utilizing both observation and simulation data,the SimaPro software is applied to analyze the LCA carbon and environmental footprints of table grapes cultivation.The results show that simple greenhouse grapes exhibit the lowest level of carbon emissions(452 kgCO_(2)-eq/mu-year),and meanwhile the most economical.Moreover,improved greenhouse utilizing photovoltaic power(1.26×10^(3)kgCO_(2)-eq/mu-year)exhibits higher carbon emissions,however with lower levels of environmental toxicity due to utilizing grapevines for organic fertilizers.Thus,simple greenhouse grapes would score best if considering carbon emissions only,while the improved greenhouse model holds greater potential as a form of modernized facility-based agriculture.Furthermore,this study suggests that for the broader facility agriculture,using low carbon structure materials would serve as the level to reduce carbon footprints.展开更多
Natural gas hydrates(NGHs)offer significant potential for energy recovery and carbon sequestration,yet the thermal stability of polycrystalline CH_(4)-CO_(2) hydrates(PCCHs)which is critical for CO_(2)-based NGH explo...Natural gas hydrates(NGHs)offer significant potential for energy recovery and carbon sequestration,yet the thermal stability of polycrystalline CH_(4)-CO_(2) hydrates(PCCHs)which is critical for CO_(2)-based NGH exploitation,remains poorly understood.Here,we unravel CO_(2)’s role in reshaping the thermal dissociation behaviors of PCCHs via high-throughput molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and machine learning(ML).We demonstrate that CO_(2) reduces the stability of PCCHs,with a 20%increase in CO_(2) concentration lowering the melting point by approximately 6 K.Microstructural analysis reveals that this destabilization arises from CO_(2)-induced distortion of 512 cage and formation of unconventional metastable cages.Thermal dissociation occurs via cage transformations and dissociations,where 4151062 and 51262 cages act as hubs for solid–solid restructuring pathway.Crucially,CH_(4) vip molecules facilitate simpler,faster cage transformations than CO_(2),which requires complex rearrangements.We further develop a GBDT ML model that accurately predicts PCCH melting points using microstructural information,identifying 512,51262,and 51063 cages as key predictors.This model provides a practical tool for guiding CO_(2)-based NGH exploitation and designing hydrate storage systems.These insights advance the molecular-level understanding of hydrate stability for CO_(2) sequestration and NGH recovery.展开更多
Minimizing supply chain costs is a critical challenge for the successful deployment of full-chain CO₂capture and storage(CCS)systems,particularly in industrial clusters with diverse source and sink characteristics.Thi...Minimizing supply chain costs is a critical challenge for the successful deployment of full-chain CO₂capture and storage(CCS)systems,particularly in industrial clusters with diverse source and sink characteristics.This study presents a superstructure optimization model using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP),focusing on a case study in South Sumatra,Indonesia.The model’s key innovation is the integration of time-dependent reservoir injectivity profiles,derived from well simulations and decline analysis,directly into the MILP framework.This allows the model to constrain injection timing and capacity,accurately reflecting reservoir availability over a 30-year planning horizon.The model evaluates multiple network configurations,including single-well and multi-well systems,allowing for coordinated injection scheduling.The results highlight the critical role of Hub-based infrastructure,where optimized configurations reduce transportation costs by approximately 34%,from an average of$25.36 to$16.72 per ton,through economies of scale and shared infrastructure.Multi-well systems further improve storage capacity and injection efficiency,particularly when injection schedules are carefully optimized.By strategically managing injection capacity and scheduling reservoir availability,the system achieves additional cost reductions,with transportation costs ranging from$15.89 to$16.56 per ton.The findings highlight the critical role of superstructure-based designs in optimizing the interactions among sources,sinks,and transportation networks.Coordinated injection strategies and infrastructure planning are essential to reducing CCS costs and enhancing scalability.This study underscores the value of systematic optimization in achieving cost-effective and scalable carbon storage solutions across diverse industrial contexts.展开更多
The drawbacks of conventional flow channel-rib flow fields and gas diffusion layers(GDLs)severely restrict mass transport and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),thereby limiting their volu...The drawbacks of conventional flow channel-rib flow fields and gas diffusion layers(GDLs)severely restrict mass transport and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),thereby limiting their volumetric power density.Our previous study proposed an ultrathin GDL-less PEMFC that uses metal foam to replace traditional flow fields and GDLs,significantly reducing mass transport distance and cell thickness while enhancing volumetric power density.To ensure contact and transition between the catalyst layer and metal foam,an ultrathin carbon nanofiber film(CNFF)is employed in this structure.This study systematically investigates the effect of CNFF thickness on the performance of ultrathin GDL-less PEMFCs.Results demonstrate that the protective effect of CNFF on the catalyst coated membrane(CCM)is strongly correlated with its thickness.Specifically,thinner CNFF offers less protection to the catalyst layer,resulting in an 30%difference in electrochemical active surface area(ECSA).A moderate increase in thickness reduces ohmic overpotential and enhances Knudsen diffusion within the oxygen catalyst layer,while excessive thickness leads to a decrease in oxygen molecular diffusion.Additionally,thicker CNFF provides better water storage and more effective water management under medium current densities,although performance degrades at ultrahigh current densities.Overall,the 25-μm CNFF balances these various factors to achieve the best integrated performance.These findings highlight that the optimal performance of GDL-less PEMFCs can be achieved by regulating the thickness of CNFF.展开更多
Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This...Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.展开更多
Formulating tailored emission reduction policies for each Chinese province is crucial due to regional differences in carbon emission evolution patterns.This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive research framework ...Formulating tailored emission reduction policies for each Chinese province is crucial due to regional differences in carbon emission evolution patterns.This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive research framework that integrates data envelopment analysis(DEA),Tobit regression,and system dynamics(SD)model to analyze the influence factors and evaluate provincial emission reduction policies while considering regional differences.The DEA method assesses each province’s development resource allocation and carbon emission efficiency.Based on the DEA results,each provinces’key emission influencing factors can be derived combining with Tobit regression and sensitivity analysis of SD.Policies are then selected based on these factors to gauge their effectiveness.SD method is used to simulate carbon emissions under different policy scenarios in the future.The analysis results present obvious differences in resource allocation and regional characteristics among provinces.Qinghai’s emission reduction potential has been preliminarily explored as an example.Energy structure,industry structure,energy intensity,forest coverage,and R&D input intensity are its main influencing factors for carbon emission.The forest carbon sink plays a significant role.The emission reduction of the integrated scenario is not a linear sum of all other scenarios.To ensure the completion of the neutralization goal,further adjustments to the long-term policy and extra measures are needed.展开更多
The proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells(PEMECs)are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen via electrical energy conversion,making them widely applicable in renewable energy stora...The proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells(PEMECs)are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen via electrical energy conversion,making them widely applicable in renewable energy storage and hydrogen infrastructure development.However,the external sodium ion(Na^(+))contamination can severely damage the catalyst layer and membrane in PEMEC,causing significant performance degradation.Therefore,a segmented diagnostic platform for PEMEC is developed to analyze the poisoning effects of Na^(+)contamination on a large scale PEMEC under various operating conditions.The results demonstrate that during the cycle test,the Na^(+)poisoning process is defined as three distinct stages of initial,sustained and stable contamination stages.An increased Na^(+)concentration enhances the occupations of active sites on the catalyst layer,resulting in significant voltage spike,dynamic voltage fluctuations,non-uniformity distributions of current density and temperature.Both the low water flow rate and high operating temperature improve the chemical reaction and PEMEC performance at high current density.The deionized water flushing will dissolve Na^(+)on the catalyst layer surface and realize 2.17%decrease in voltage at 2.0 A cm^(-2) after three cycles.This study is beneficial to consolidate the understanding of poisoning effects of sodium ion contamination in PEMEC under various operating conditions,thereby overcoming the obstacles for commercial application of green hydrogen production technology.展开更多
Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies f...Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.展开更多
The accelerating global transition toward carbon neutrality calls for transformative technologies capable of tightly coupling renewable energy with carbon reduction.Among next-generation approaches,solar-driven calciu...The accelerating global transition toward carbon neutrality calls for transformative technologies capable of tightly coupling renewable energy with carbon reduction.Among next-generation approaches,solar-driven calcium-based CO_(2)capture(SCa-CC)and thermochemical conversion(TC)constitutes a promising pathway by utilizing solar energy to directly facilitate the conversion of CO_(2)into value-added hydrocarbon fuels.This approach addresses the high energy consumption associated with conventional CO_(2)capture technologies,thereby mitigating the critical efficiency bottleneck and enhancing economic viability.However,the practical deployment of SCa-CC-TC remains constrained by a series of scientific and engineering challenges.These include the progressive degradation of functional material,the complex coupling of irradiation,thermal,flow,and reaction fields,the dynamic match of solar flux,particle transport,and reaction kinetics,and the constraints of techno-economic feasibility.Breakthroughs in both theoretical insight and practical inquiry are urgently required to enable reliable scale-up.This review offers a comprehensive analysis of full technical framework,encompassing solar energy harvesting,CO_(2)capture,and coupled heat-mass conversion.Recent advances are discussed in the of solar concentrator development,multifunctional materials modification,photothermal reactor configurations,coupling characteristics,and techno-economic assessments.Emerging multimodal activation strategies,including plasmonic,pyroelectric,and piezoelectric effects,are highlighted for their potential to improve reaction kinetics and product selectivity.Key scientific and engineering bottlenecks are analyzed,and strategic directions are proposed to accelerate the transition from laboratory-scale concepts to pilotand industrial-scale demonstrations.These insights are expected to promote the continued development of SCa-CCTC and facilitate the construction of a sustainable energy system with deep coupling of sunlight and carbon cycle.展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0113000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52006124)+2 种基金the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515240008)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation No.3232031)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001).
文摘With the intensification of global climate change,carbon neutrality has become a crucial objective for achieving sustainable development,which critically requires systematic technological innovation and collaborative cooperation between technologies and countries.Through categorization and comprehensive technological assessments,a thorough examination of relevant technologies can furnish a framework to guide emission reduction efforts across various sectors.This review seeks to explore the methods by which various countries achieve carbon neutrality technology systems and pathways,with an in-depth study of the differences between the technological approaches and systems in China,the United States,and European countries.The construction of technology systems in several countries is reviewed,from the composition of the systems to the assessment of technologies that include indicators such as carbon reduction potential.Building upon an analysis of key technological pathways in renewable energy,carbon capture,utilization and storage,energy efficiency improvement,and hydrogen energy across different countries,a systematic evaluation is conducted from three key dimensions-policy formulation,resource endowment,and industrial foundation-to identify the similarities,differences,and driving factors in the construction of carbon neutrality technology systems among nations.Based on the previous work,we conducted a comparative analysis and summary of carbon neutrality pathways across various countries worldwide,systematically reviewing and evaluating carbon neutrality technologies in power generation,industry,transportation,and building sectors.Building upon these findings,the study offers recommendations for coupling diverse technological approaches and for international cooperation.By comparing international experiences and practices,this study provides operational references for countries in formulating technology planning and emission reduction strategies,and also provides an important basis for deepening global carbon neutral cooperation in the future.
基金supported by Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co.Ltd.Scientific Research Reserve Project(No.KY.WB.23.001).
文摘Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are traditionally known as energy-intensive facilities,where substantial energy consumption not only results in higher operational costs but also contributes to significant indirect carbon emissions.These emissions,primarily stemming from energy use,contradict the global agenda of achieving carbon neutrality.This review investigates strategies for transforming WWTPs into energy self-sufficient systems.First,the main sources of energy consumption within WWTPs are identified,along with key influencing factors such as treatment technologies,plant scale,and operational strategies.Based on this foundation,three main pathways toward energy neutrality are systematically examined:(1)energy conservation,(2)energy recovery,and(3)utilization of external renewable energy sources.A comprehensive analysis of emerging energy-saving technologies in wastewater treatment processes is presented,followed by a detailed discussion on the recovery potential of embedded energy in wastewater,including organic energy,thermal energy,and hydraulic energy.Recent advances in energy regeneration technologies and their feasibility of application in WWTPs are also reviewed.Additionally,several case studies of WWTPs that have successfully implemented these strategies are examined to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of transitioning toward energy neutrality.Finally,a roadmap is proposed to achieve energy self-sufficiency in WWTPs,emphasizing a core strategy of“carbon redirection+anaerobic digestion of sludge”for energy recovery,complemented by energy conservation measures and renewable energy utilization.The technical route is supported by practical calculations of potential energy savings.Despite promising progress,further empirical studies are necessary to verify these strategies under varying conditions and to explore optimized approaches for future energy-neutral wastewater management.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,2022YFB2703500,Zhao LuoNational Natural Science Foundation of China,52277104,Zhao Luo+2 种基金Science and Technology Major Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province,202402AF080006,Zhao LuoKey R&D Program of Yunnan Province,202303AC100003,Zhao LuoYunnan Fundamental Research Project,202301AT070455,Zhao Luo,202401CF070076,Zhao Luo。
文摘As an energy-intensive heavy industry,the coal mining industry plays a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.This study presents an energy-carbon efficiency improving strategy aimed at reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption in mining areas by integrating gravity energy storage(GES)with carbon capture and power-to-gas(P2G)technologies.Utilizing the natural topography,abandoned mines can be converted into gravity energy storage systems to stabilize the fluctuating outputs of renewable sources,such as wind power(WP)and Photovoltaic(PV).Concurrently,carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology capture CO_(2)in mining areas,which is then transformed into methane using P2G systems.This methane is mixed with low-concentration coalbed methane to create a high-concentration combustible gas,facilitating carbon recycling and a collaborative multi-energy supply.The efficacy of the model was demonstrated through comparative simulations,which showed the utilization rate of renewable energy has increased,leading to a significant reduction in the total cost of the system and carbon emissions.This study confirms that optimizing gravity energy storage with CCUS-P2G effectively resolves the energy supply demand imbalance in mining areas,achieving economic and low-carbon advancements and offering theoretical support for the sector’s low-carbon transition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China for Young Scientists(Grant No.2023YFB4104100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52176057 and 52304098)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4104201)supported by Unveiling and Commanding Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant 2023JH1/10400003)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818095605012)supported by the Young Changjiang Scholars programme of China.
文摘Hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration(HBCS)technology utilizes naturally occurring high-pressure and low-temperature marine conditions to convert CO_(2) into solid hydrates within marine sediments,offering a promising complementary pathway for carbon emission reduction and large-scale marine sequestration.This review examines the current developments and challenges of HBCS from both scientific and engineering perspectives.First,we present the fundamental principles of HBCS,with particular emphasis on key mechanisms such as phase transition and pore sequestration.Then,we explore the mechanisms of hydrate nucleation and growth that influence core processes,as well as multi-scale stability characteristics from the microscopic to the macroscopic level.Furthermore,we systematically assess thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting sequestration efficiency,including but not limited to marine reservoir types,injection strategies,and environmentally friendly additives.Subsequently,based on an integrated evaluation of environmental,social,and economic dimensions,we assess the development potential of HBCS technology.Finally,the primary challenges currently faced are identified,and future research directions are proposed.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and challenges associated with HBCS,emphasizes its potential role in global carbon reduction efforts,and offers theoretical guidance for future industrial applications.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China.,2020YFC1807702jointly supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Hubei Geological Bureau of China,2023 AFD215.
文摘This study presents an innovative one-step Joule heating pyrolysis strategy for synthesizing zero-valent ferromagnetic biochar composites(BC@20Fe^(0))through controlled precursor impregnation of wheat straw with FeCl_(3).The proposed technique overcomes the limitations of conventional tube furnace carbonization by achieving uniform heating with 97.94%reduced energy consumption(35.1 kW・h/kg vs 1706.8 kW・h/kg)and 99.61%shorter processing time(60 s vs 4.3 h).The optimized BC@20Fe^(0) had adsorption capacities of 100.0 mg/g and 151.5 mg/g for As(V)and Sb(V),respectively,which were about 1.6 and 2.5 times higher than those of the traditional biochar composites.Systematic characterization(XPS,FT-IR,XRD)revealed three synergistic mechanisms:1)Fe^(0)-mediated redox reactions,2)surface complexation(Fe–O-As/Sb),and 3)electrostatic-enhanced precipitation.After four regeneration cycles,the material still has a removal rate of over 50%for As and Sb,and can still be magnetically recycled.This breakthrough in energyefficient synthesis and magnetic separability establishes BC@20Fe^(0) as a sustainable solution for heavy metal remediation,particularly addressing the critical challenge of simultaneous As-Sb removal in practical wastewater treatment scenarios.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72304028,72304031,W2412161)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JKF-2025045909550,FRF-TP-22-024A1).
文摘Electric vehicles(EVs)with managed charging and discharging schedules have the potential to reduce costs,enhance grid resilience,and facilitate integration of renewable energy sources.However,the heterogeneity of consumer travel patterns and the variability of renewable energy generation present significant challenges to existing control strategies,often resulting in issues such as the“curse of dimensionality.”This study proposes a mobility-aware deep reinforcement learning-based charging control strategy using the Deep Q-Network(DQN)algorithm to minimize charging costs and maximize photovoltaic(PV)energy utilization.Leveraging real-time electricity prices,real-world EV travel data,and actual PV generation profiles,the proposed framework achieves low charging costs,high solar energy utilization,and reduced carbon emissions—approaching the performance of an ideal offline optimization algorithm with perfect foresight,and substantially outperforming baseline strategies such as random charging,Charge-As-Soon-As-Possible(CASAP),and greedy charging.Specifically,the RL-based approach reduces charging costs by 55%and lowers carbon emission by 11.6%compared to random charging,and achieves a PV utilization rate of 95%.Furthermore,the value of information regarding EV’s travel time and the building’s electricity demand is 2.4CNY/vehicle/day and$0.7/vehicle/day,respectively,underscoring the importance of addressing uncertainty in EV charging management.These findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of reinforcement learning in optimizing EV operations within integrated vehicle-grid-building-PV systems.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376040)Nanjing New Research and Development Institutions Joint Technology Research Project(202304008)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(2023048447),National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2406500)The International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.117GJHZ2023093MI,117GJHZ2024010MI)“Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration”,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDAXDA0400100.
文摘Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is considered as one of the most promising large scale energy storage technologies for the electrical grid with high penetration of renewable energy.CAES systems are required to operate under complex conditions because of the pressure change in the air storage chamber and input/output power changes considering the fluctuated renewable generation and the mismatch between energy supply and demand.A dynamic operation configuration was proposed to satisfy the adjustment of off-design conditions of CAES systems and frequency management auxiliary service market.To regulate the inlet pressure of turbines and meet the output power demand for better performance,a thermodynamic model of a CAES discharging system with thermal storage and the pressure control unit(SER)was established.The control strategy of setting adjustment width instead of single instruction curve is proposed.Then,the dynamic operation parameters including pressure,mass flow rate,and exergy change during discharging processes were investigated.The superiority of the control accuracy and efficiency was demonstrated over single throttle valve through valve characterization studies.The SER system improves control accuracy by decoupling pressure and flow rate changes in dynamic operation,solving the problem of difficult control and low accuracy of traditional throttle valves.The expansion tank in SER serves as a pressure buffer and heat exchanger with the environment,reducing energy loss during fluid flow.Furthermore,the effect of the expansion tank volume of switch expansion reduction in exergy destruction were assessed.For a 10 MW/60MWh system with dynamic load to meet the requirements of the unit to participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market,the optimal added expansion tank volume is about 70m3.The optimization method of control strategy of SER system is also explored.The proposed optimized SER system of volume and control strategy can smoothly regulate the inlet pressure of the expander.When the adjustment width is 3bar,the frequency is 50%decreased,meanwhile,the on–off action time is more evenness,which ensures the stable and efficient operation of the CAES system and improves the comprehensive performance of the system.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under No.32302265.
文摘The food supply chain is currently challenged by the imperative to sustainably feed the increasingly expanding population while simultaneously striving to meet global net-zero emission targets.The dairy sector is widely considered as a carbon-intensive industry,contributing to significant greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions thereby exacerbating global warming.Here,we first summarize recent studies on determining GHG emissions of various dairy products,which suggests that farms are the primary emission hotspots in the dairy supply chain.Next,the vital role of novel techniques and emerging strategies to reduce carbon emissions in the dairy industry is emphasized at both localand systematic levels.The implementation of targeted techniques at each stage,along with policy initiatives such as carbon pricing,plant-based alternatives,international standards and clean air act,play a vital role in establishing global optimization to mitigate climate warming.Despite these progresses,standards and guidelines of emission reduction for the dairy industry are currently lacking,which calls for continuous efforts to fill the gap.
基金financial support from China National Science Foundation(52306254)fundings from Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GJHZ20220913143001002)are gratefully acknowledged+3 种基金financial support from Hainan International Science and Technology Cooperation Research and Development Project(GHYF2025017)Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(202304051001012)Guangdong Pearl River Talent Program(2021QN02H836)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009).
文摘With the growing global focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration in marine sediments has gained wide attention due to its high storage capacity and thermodynamic stability of CO_(2) hydrate.However,the limited understanding of the CO_(2) hydrate stability zone,particularly in the presence of abundant swelling type clays,i.e.,Na-montmorillonite,warrants further investigation.This study examines the thermodynamic effects of Na-montmorillonite on the phase equilibria of CO_(2) hydrate under varying water contents(30-80 wt%).The results reveal that Na-montmorillonite inhibits CO_(2) hydrate formation thermodynamically with a significant inhibition effect as the water content decreases.A notable leftward shift of up to 2.7 K in the phase equilibrium temperature was observed at 3.90 MPa with 30 wt%water content.A thermodynamic model was developed integrating the diffuse double layer theory and Hu-Lee-Sum water activity correlation model into the classical Chen-Guo model.The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy with the measured data with an absolute average deviation of pressure below 0.5%.The thermodynamic inhibition effect is attributed to the decrease in water activity caused by the Na+exchange in the diffuse double layer on the clay surface.This study also presents the implication of swelling type clay on the CO_(2) hydrate stability zone in a permafrost setting,highlighting its impact on the CO_(2) storage site selection and CO_(2) storage capacity.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration strategies,contributing to CO_(2) mitigation technology.
基金Open access funding provided by South China University of Technologysupported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou(no.202206050002).
文摘Fundamental research and economic analysis of hydrate-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration play a key role in developing the industrialization of oceanic CO_(2) sequestration.Therefore,this review deals with recent progress in hydrate-based CO_(2) sequestration from the thermodynamics and kinetics as well as their energy consumption and cost.The first section provides an overview of the thermodynamics of CO_(2) hydrate formation in both pure water and sea water,establishing a relationship between the enthalpy change of the hydrate formation reaction and the hydrate structure.Subsequently,a comparison of the kinetics of CO_(2) hydrate formation in pure water and sea water is presented,with further insight into the formation kinetics obtained through hydrate nucleation and growth models.The process of liquid CO_(2) forming hydrates is summarized,serving as a critical part of the fundamental research for oceanic CO_(2) sequestration.Finally,energy consumption and cost of CO_(2) capture methods are compared,and the whole sequestration process cost of CO_(2) capture-storage-transport-injection is comprehensively analyzed.The new understanding of this review is conducive to further commercial and industrial development of hydratebased CO_(2) sequestration.
基金supported by Yu Jing’s Scientia Program at the University of New South Wales(UNSW),UNSW-CAS collaboration seed grant,and International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.117GJHZ2023093MI,117GJHZ2024010MI)Open access funding is provided by the University of New South Wales.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geo-sequestration in deep coal seams is a complex process,involving multicomponent gas diffusion,competitive gas sorption,and the associated mechanical deformation of the coal mass.There is no sufficient knowledge about these coupled underlying multi-physical behaviours,so an in-depth fundamental understanding of these processes is required.In this paper,we conducted in-situ core flooding experiments to study multicomponent gas flow dynamics in coal through microscale synchrotron X-ray imaging.Since xenon(Xe)and krypton(Kr)have high X-ray attenuation coefficients,they could be directly observed under X-ray imaging.Thus,we use Kr as analogues of methane(CH4)and Xe to represent CO_(2),due to similar sorption behaviours in coal.The high-resolution imaging results uncover the process of the multicomponent gas exchange and sorption,gas diffusion,and sorptioninduced fracture deformation.We presented the direct evidence of competitive adsorption behaviours of different gas coal lithotypes types during the core flooding.The image data provide a method to quantify the mass transfer coefficients under different gas types and conditions,which further enable us to perform larger-scale gas Advection–Diffusion-Sorption modelling with lab-verified parameters.Moreover,we found that gas desorption by the mechanism of gas competition exchange is more dominant than sample depressurisation.When there are multiple sorptive gases,fracture deformation is not significant because gas adsorption and desorption have opposite effects on fracture aperture.
基金Funded by the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(Grant No.X2022-02–08-00–12-F01131)the Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.K2023017).
文摘Taking climate actions is of increasing importance.The agricultural sector is exploring its carbon neutrality transition pathway.Current relevant studies paid limited attention to agricultural products such as table grapes.This study takes table grapes cultivation in Shanghai as a case study,employing the life cycle assessment(LCA)to account for the carbon emissions and environmental impacts of five different conditions,including open field,simple greenhouse,continuous greenhouse,continuous greenhouse with photovoltaic power,and improved continuous greenhouse with photovoltaic power.Utilizing both observation and simulation data,the SimaPro software is applied to analyze the LCA carbon and environmental footprints of table grapes cultivation.The results show that simple greenhouse grapes exhibit the lowest level of carbon emissions(452 kgCO_(2)-eq/mu-year),and meanwhile the most economical.Moreover,improved greenhouse utilizing photovoltaic power(1.26×10^(3)kgCO_(2)-eq/mu-year)exhibits higher carbon emissions,however with lower levels of environmental toxicity due to utilizing grapevines for organic fertilizers.Thus,simple greenhouse grapes would score best if considering carbon emissions only,while the improved greenhouse model holds greater potential as a form of modernized facility-based agriculture.Furthermore,this study suggests that for the broader facility agriculture,using low carbon structure materials would serve as the level to reduce carbon footprints.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,12172314,Jianyang Wu,12572127,Jianyang Wu.
文摘Natural gas hydrates(NGHs)offer significant potential for energy recovery and carbon sequestration,yet the thermal stability of polycrystalline CH_(4)-CO_(2) hydrates(PCCHs)which is critical for CO_(2)-based NGH exploitation,remains poorly understood.Here,we unravel CO_(2)’s role in reshaping the thermal dissociation behaviors of PCCHs via high-throughput molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and machine learning(ML).We demonstrate that CO_(2) reduces the stability of PCCHs,with a 20%increase in CO_(2) concentration lowering the melting point by approximately 6 K.Microstructural analysis reveals that this destabilization arises from CO_(2)-induced distortion of 512 cage and formation of unconventional metastable cages.Thermal dissociation occurs via cage transformations and dissociations,where 4151062 and 51262 cages act as hubs for solid–solid restructuring pathway.Crucially,CH_(4) vip molecules facilitate simpler,faster cage transformations than CO_(2),which requires complex rearrangements.We further develop a GBDT ML model that accurately predicts PCCH melting points using microstructural information,identifying 512,51262,and 51063 cages as key predictors.This model provides a practical tool for guiding CO_(2)-based NGH exploitation and designing hydrate storage systems.These insights advance the molecular-level understanding of hydrate stability for CO_(2) sequestration and NGH recovery.
基金Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology(BPPT)the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education(LPDP).
文摘Minimizing supply chain costs is a critical challenge for the successful deployment of full-chain CO₂capture and storage(CCS)systems,particularly in industrial clusters with diverse source and sink characteristics.This study presents a superstructure optimization model using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP),focusing on a case study in South Sumatra,Indonesia.The model’s key innovation is the integration of time-dependent reservoir injectivity profiles,derived from well simulations and decline analysis,directly into the MILP framework.This allows the model to constrain injection timing and capacity,accurately reflecting reservoir availability over a 30-year planning horizon.The model evaluates multiple network configurations,including single-well and multi-well systems,allowing for coordinated injection scheduling.The results highlight the critical role of Hub-based infrastructure,where optimized configurations reduce transportation costs by approximately 34%,from an average of$25.36 to$16.72 per ton,through economies of scale and shared infrastructure.Multi-well systems further improve storage capacity and injection efficiency,particularly when injection schedules are carefully optimized.By strategically managing injection capacity and scheduling reservoir availability,the system achieves additional cost reductions,with transportation costs ranging from$15.89 to$16.56 per ton.The findings highlight the critical role of superstructure-based designs in optimizing the interactions among sources,sinks,and transportation networks.Coordinated injection strategies and infrastructure planning are essential to reducing CCS costs and enhancing scalability.This study underscores the value of systematic optimization in achieving cost-effective and scalable carbon storage solutions across diverse industrial contexts.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(52225604)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(grant No.20230301017ZD)the Marine Defense Innovation Fund of China Ship Development and Design Center(Grant No.2023712-01).
文摘The drawbacks of conventional flow channel-rib flow fields and gas diffusion layers(GDLs)severely restrict mass transport and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),thereby limiting their volumetric power density.Our previous study proposed an ultrathin GDL-less PEMFC that uses metal foam to replace traditional flow fields and GDLs,significantly reducing mass transport distance and cell thickness while enhancing volumetric power density.To ensure contact and transition between the catalyst layer and metal foam,an ultrathin carbon nanofiber film(CNFF)is employed in this structure.This study systematically investigates the effect of CNFF thickness on the performance of ultrathin GDL-less PEMFCs.Results demonstrate that the protective effect of CNFF on the catalyst coated membrane(CCM)is strongly correlated with its thickness.Specifically,thinner CNFF offers less protection to the catalyst layer,resulting in an 30%difference in electrochemical active surface area(ECSA).A moderate increase in thickness reduces ohmic overpotential and enhances Knudsen diffusion within the oxygen catalyst layer,while excessive thickness leads to a decrease in oxygen molecular diffusion.Additionally,thicker CNFF provides better water storage and more effective water management under medium current densities,although performance degrades at ultrahigh current densities.Overall,the 25-μm CNFF balances these various factors to achieve the best integrated performance.These findings highlight that the optimal performance of GDL-less PEMFCs can be achieved by regulating the thickness of CNFF.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(71904125)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1404900)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1434100)the Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region——Action Plan of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for“Revitalizing Inner Mongolia through Science and Technology”(2025XYJG0001-01-08).
文摘Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.
基金funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China(24CGL093).
文摘Formulating tailored emission reduction policies for each Chinese province is crucial due to regional differences in carbon emission evolution patterns.This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive research framework that integrates data envelopment analysis(DEA),Tobit regression,and system dynamics(SD)model to analyze the influence factors and evaluate provincial emission reduction policies while considering regional differences.The DEA method assesses each province’s development resource allocation and carbon emission efficiency.Based on the DEA results,each provinces’key emission influencing factors can be derived combining with Tobit regression and sensitivity analysis of SD.Policies are then selected based on these factors to gauge their effectiveness.SD method is used to simulate carbon emissions under different policy scenarios in the future.The analysis results present obvious differences in resource allocation and regional characteristics among provinces.Qinghai’s emission reduction potential has been preliminarily explored as an example.Energy structure,industry structure,energy intensity,forest coverage,and R&D input intensity are its main influencing factors for carbon emission.The forest carbon sink plays a significant role.The emission reduction of the integrated scenario is not a linear sum of all other scenarios.To ensure the completion of the neutralization goal,further adjustments to the long-term policy and extra measures are needed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4006301-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52476217 and Grant No.52311530069).
文摘The proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells(PEMECs)are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen via electrical energy conversion,making them widely applicable in renewable energy storage and hydrogen infrastructure development.However,the external sodium ion(Na^(+))contamination can severely damage the catalyst layer and membrane in PEMEC,causing significant performance degradation.Therefore,a segmented diagnostic platform for PEMEC is developed to analyze the poisoning effects of Na^(+)contamination on a large scale PEMEC under various operating conditions.The results demonstrate that during the cycle test,the Na^(+)poisoning process is defined as three distinct stages of initial,sustained and stable contamination stages.An increased Na^(+)concentration enhances the occupations of active sites on the catalyst layer,resulting in significant voltage spike,dynamic voltage fluctuations,non-uniformity distributions of current density and temperature.Both the low water flow rate and high operating temperature improve the chemical reaction and PEMEC performance at high current density.The deionized water flushing will dissolve Na^(+)on the catalyst layer surface and realize 2.17%decrease in voltage at 2.0 A cm^(-2) after three cycles.This study is beneficial to consolidate the understanding of poisoning effects of sodium ion contamination in PEMEC under various operating conditions,thereby overcoming the obstacles for commercial application of green hydrogen production technology.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Special Project of Qingdao(24–1-8-xdny-18-nsh)the Excellent Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ13)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202211159).
文摘Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52488201)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20232022)+3 种基金Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(BT2024009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52406249)China Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(BX20240483)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB839).
文摘The accelerating global transition toward carbon neutrality calls for transformative technologies capable of tightly coupling renewable energy with carbon reduction.Among next-generation approaches,solar-driven calcium-based CO_(2)capture(SCa-CC)and thermochemical conversion(TC)constitutes a promising pathway by utilizing solar energy to directly facilitate the conversion of CO_(2)into value-added hydrocarbon fuels.This approach addresses the high energy consumption associated with conventional CO_(2)capture technologies,thereby mitigating the critical efficiency bottleneck and enhancing economic viability.However,the practical deployment of SCa-CC-TC remains constrained by a series of scientific and engineering challenges.These include the progressive degradation of functional material,the complex coupling of irradiation,thermal,flow,and reaction fields,the dynamic match of solar flux,particle transport,and reaction kinetics,and the constraints of techno-economic feasibility.Breakthroughs in both theoretical insight and practical inquiry are urgently required to enable reliable scale-up.This review offers a comprehensive analysis of full technical framework,encompassing solar energy harvesting,CO_(2)capture,and coupled heat-mass conversion.Recent advances are discussed in the of solar concentrator development,multifunctional materials modification,photothermal reactor configurations,coupling characteristics,and techno-economic assessments.Emerging multimodal activation strategies,including plasmonic,pyroelectric,and piezoelectric effects,are highlighted for their potential to improve reaction kinetics and product selectivity.Key scientific and engineering bottlenecks are analyzed,and strategic directions are proposed to accelerate the transition from laboratory-scale concepts to pilotand industrial-scale demonstrations.These insights are expected to promote the continued development of SCa-CCTC and facilitate the construction of a sustainable energy system with deep coupling of sunlight and carbon cycle.
