Introduction.Well-designed,strictly implemented,and fully standardized randomized controlled trials(RCTs)are a prerequisite for developing reliable scientific evidence,which can improve clinical practice,health outcom...Introduction.Well-designed,strictly implemented,and fully standardized randomized controlled trials(RCTs)are a prerequisite for developing reliable scientific evidence,which can improve clinical practice,health outcomes,and ultimately benefit patients.Suboptimal reporting is pervasive in medical research,resulting in biased research records and persistent uncertainty about the quality of available evidence.1,2,3,4 The standardization of research reports has attracted considerable attention.In 1996,the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials(CONSORT)was first published to improve the quality of RCTs and enhance the reproducibility of trial methods,results,and inferences.展开更多
About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
Clinical studies on trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive brain metastases Several previous clinical studies have suggested significant intracranial activity of trastuzumab derux...Clinical studies on trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive brain metastases Several previous clinical studies have suggested significant intracranial activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd)in brain metastases(BMs)of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive(HER2-positive)metastatic breast cancer(mBC).Pooled analyses from DESTINY-Breast(DB)01,02,and 03 showed that T-DXd outperformed controls in terms of intracranial overall response rate(ORR)and median progression-free survival(mPFS).展开更多
The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong c...The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer(CRC)development.The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis,fatty acid production,lipogenesis,and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development,including CRC.The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC,making it an environmental disease.These factors include food and lifestyle choices,genetics and family history,age,underlying intestinal diseases,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet,which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome.In addition to impacting CRC formation,the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects,including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them.Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied,yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment.Microbiome-driven immunotherapies,focusing on probiotics,prebiotics,and synbiotics,represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues,including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods.The study highlights the impact of several risk factors,including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora.Given the foregoing,we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions,microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.展开更多
Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial advers...Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial adverse effects,the development of drug resistance,and high cost.To address these challenges,numerous studies have focused on repurposing existing drugs for anticancer therapy,with clotrimazole(CLZ)emerging as a promising candidate due to its notable anticancer activity.CLZ was first developed as an antifungal agent.Recently,significant anticancer effects have been observed making it a suitable candidate for drug repurposing.Compared with other azole-based antifungals,CLZ has shown distinct therapeutic effects on cancer cells via several pathways.Its ability to disrupt glycolysis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase(PFK)and hexokinase(HK)distinguishes it from other azoles.Furthermore,CLZ obstructs calcium homeostasis and critical survival pathways,such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)-p65,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways,inhibiting tumor growth,inducing apoptosis,and attenuating metastasis.This review summarizes the potential of CLZ repurposing for cancer therapy,emphasizing its well-established safety profile and cost-effectiveness while addressing unmet clinical needs in current cancer treatment.It briefly examines in vitro and in vivo assessments to understand the mechanisms and effects of CLZ on various cancer types.Furthermore,novel strategies such as nanoformulations and combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have been highlighted to improve therapeutic outcomes.Preclinical studies have provided promising evidence for the efficacy of CLZ in different cancers,showing tumor regression and improved responses to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies.Given its evident preclinical results and diverse mechanisms of action,CLZ may be considered an antineoplastic agent.Further clinical research is required to fully elucidate its anticancer potential,potentially positing it as a valuable addition to currently available cancer treatments.展开更多
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors and chemotherapy can enhance anti-tumor activity.This phase Ib clinical study was designed to evaluate the safety and ef...Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors and chemotherapy can enhance anti-tumor activity.This phase Ib clinical study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cisplatin in combination with sintilimab and niraparib in patients with advanced solid tumors.Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors who had progressed after one or more lines of standard therapy were enrolled in the study,and received cisplatin and sintilimab on day 1 and niraparib from days 1–21 every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles,followed by maintenance therapy with sintilimab and niraparib(the same doses and schedules as before),until disease progression,death,or intolerable toxicities.During the dose-escalation phase,patients were divided into three dose groups on the basis of a 3+3 dose-escalation regimen,and a dose-expansion phase was conducted based on the determined maximum tolerated dose(MTD).The primary endpoint was safety,including treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs),dose-limiting toxicity(DLT),and the recommended phase 2 dose(RP2D),and the secondary endpoint was efficacy.In addition,exploratory endpoints were prespecified to analyze potential biomarkers.Results From July 31,2019,to July 1,2022,a total of 26 patients were enrolled,and no DLTs were observed in the dose-escalation phase.The recommended RP2Ds of cisplatin,sintilimab,and niraparib were 60 mg/m2,200 mg,and 100 mg every 3 weeks,respectively.All patients experienced TRAEs of varying severity,and a 19.23%(5 patients)incidence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs).With the median follow-up time of 47.9 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:38.8–NA),objective response rate(ORR)was 26.92%(7 patients,95%CI,11.57–47.79),disease control rate was 57.69%(15 patients,95%CI:36.92–76.65),the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 3.30 months(95%CI:2.14–4.46)and the median overall survival(OS)was 8.03 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.41–12.66),with PFS rates of 26.92%(seven patients)and 11.54%(three patients)at 6 and 12 months,and OS rates of 69.23%,34.62%and 11.54%at 6,12 and 24 months,respectively.Patients with programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression≥1%showed significantly longer PFS(3.93 months,P=0.032)and OS(14.97 months,P=0.036)compared to those with PD-L1 expression<1%.Conclusion The combination of cisplatin with sintilimab and niraparib showed a manageable safety profile and modest anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.Further validation in larger,histology-specific patients is needed to confirm clinical benefit.展开更多
Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)is an aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)that is typically resistant to nearly all current therapies.Methods In this study,single-cell RNA se...Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)is an aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)that is typically resistant to nearly all current therapies.Methods In this study,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and bioinformatic analysis identified centrosomal protein 55(CEP55)as a critical factor in the transformation from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(HSPC)to CRPC and,ultimately to,NEPC.Results Subsequent bioinformatics analyses and clinical sample validation showed that CEP55 is significantly upregulated in NEPC tissues relative to HSPC and CRPC.Furthermore,while CEP55 show no significant association with the immune microenvironment or cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),our findings indicated that it directly mediates the plasticity of prostate cancer cells,thereby driving NEPC progression.Specifically,in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CEP55 enhances cell proliferation,migration,invasion and the expression of NEPC biomarkers in prostate cancer.Importantly,although cisplatin is the primary treatment for NEPC clinically,CEP55 has been shown to regulate cisplatin resistance through the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)at the tyrosine 15(Tyr15)site.Conclusions In summary,our study identifies a key gene that influences the neuroendocrine differentiation process in prostate cancer,suggesting its potential as an important therapeutic target.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,which poses significant challenges due to its complex progression and limited curative options.Transarterial chemoembolization...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,which poses significant challenges due to its complex progression and limited curative options.Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is a cornerstone treatment for intermediate-stage HCC,as outlined in widely accepted clinical guidelines,including the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)framework.Over the years,TACE has evolved through technological innovations and novel therapeutic combinations designed to enhance efficacy and improve patient outcomes.Recent advancements include refined imaging techniques,innovative embolic materials,and the integration of systemic therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.These advancements have expanded TACE’s applicability and improved its efficacy in controlling tumor progression and prolonging survival in patients with unresectable HCC.Despite these advancements,challenges persist,including the optimization of treatment protocols,the management of complications,and the need for personalized treatment strategies that are tailored to diverse patient populations.This review highlights the latest progress and current understanding of TACE as a therapeutic modality for HCC.It also explores emerging trends,ongoing challenges,and the potential for novel combinations to redefine the therapeutic landscape.By synthesizing the latest evidence,this article aims to provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers striving to improve HCC management and patient outcomes.展开更多
Background Fusion genes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).This study investigated the utility of targeted next-generation sequencing(NGS)of RNA for detecting rare and unknown fusio...Background Fusion genes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).This study investigated the utility of targeted next-generation sequencing(NGS)of RNA for detecting rare and unknown fusion genes in patients with AML.Methods A total of 85 adult AML samples previously identified as fusion gene-negative by multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were subjected to NGS analysis.Results Fusion genes were detected in 21 of 72(29.2%)patients.Among the 26 primary refractory patients,11(42.3%)exhibited fusion genes,whereas among the 18 relapsed patients,fusion genes were identified in five(27.8%).Notably,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)and nucleoporin 98(NUP98)rearrangements were enriched in refractory/relapsed patients.Additionally,recurrent fusion transcripts involving eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1(EIF4A1)were identified.The identification of additional fusion genes resulted in an approximate 20.8%(11/53)reclassification of medium-risk karyotypes to the high-risk category,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions Targeted NGS may complement conventional methods for identifying novel fusions in refractory/relapsed AML;however,its prognostic value requires validation in prospective controlled trials.展开更多
In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uni...In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uniting medical professionals to advance medical science and technology,”and it has become one of the core driving forces of China's medical development.1 The 2024 Elsevier Highly Cited Chinese Researchers list was released in March 2025,and I was honored to be included in this list for the fifth consecutive year.展开更多
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their o...Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.展开更多
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leu...Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.2 CMML predominantly affects older adults,and treatment often involves demethylation therapy tailored to the patient's age and overall health.3 However,the complete remission rate for patients with CMML undergoing demethylation therapy is<20%and is frequently accompanied with severe side effects.1 Here,we discuss the case of an 84-year-old male diagnosed with CMML 6 years earlier,who experienced significant bone marrow suppression following demethylation therapy.By integrating multiomics data with bioinformatics,we developed and applied a novel approach of trimetinib monotherapy.This treatment resulted in notable improvements in hematopoietic function and overall quality of life,offering a promising strategy for managing CMML.展开更多
Background:Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignancy characterized by the absence of reliable prognostic indicators and effective therapeutic targets.Claudin-9(CLDN9)has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various c...Background:Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignancy characterized by the absence of reliable prognostic indicators and effective therapeutic targets.Claudin-9(CLDN9)has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various cancers.However,its prognostic value,biological function,and regulatory mechanisms in GC remain unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to elucidate the role of CLDN9 in GC progression and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:We utilized consensus cluster,random survival forest,and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify CLDN9 in GC.Subsequently,we evaluated the mRNA and protein levels of CLDN9 in GC using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(qRT-PCR),Western blotting(WB),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Furthermore,the role of CLDN9 in GC progression was investigated using a series of functional in vivo and in vitro experiments.Finally,we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of CLDN9 using bioinformatics,molecular biology,animal models,and patient tissue specimens.Results:Two GC subtypes with survival and functional differences were identified based on glycolytic metabolic genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)dataset.A prognostic risk score was calculated using seven genes to assess the overall survival(OS)in GC.Using random survival forest and multivariate Cox analyses,we identified CLDN9 as the key gene linked to the glycolytic subtype and prognosis of GC.CLDN9 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with GC as well as in GC cells.CLDN9 knockdown inhibited tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro.Mechanistically,CLDN9 was found to regulate lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)expression and promote glycolytic metabolism by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1α)signaling pathway.Additionally,lactate,a glycolytic metabolite,enhanced programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)lactylation and stability,which suppressed anti-tumor immunity in CD8t T cells,thereby contributing to GC progression.Conclusions:CLDN9 expression is associated with GC development and progression.Mechanistically,CLDN9 enhances the glycolysis pathway and facilitates PD-L1 lactylation through the PI3K/AKT/HIF1αsignaling pathway,thereby suppressing anti-tumor immunity in CD8t T cells.CLDN9 has the potential to serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for GC.展开更多
Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM...Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM.Methods:We conducted this population-based study using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and retrospectively reviewed patients with sALL following MM treatment at our institution.Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with sALL.Results:We identified 64,629 cases of MM(including 18 sALL from the SEER Plus 9 database,and three sALL from our institution).Younger patients with MM and those who received chemotherapy were at a higher risk of developing sALL.The novel agent era witnessed an increased incidence of sALL(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era:0.31%[10/32,640]vs.0.25%[8/31,989])and shorter latency time(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era[median]:51.5 vs.74.5 months,P=0.516),though the difference was not significant.The median age at sALL onset was 65(range:47-78)years.Significant cytopenia and absence of BCR/ABL fusion genes were common features in this patient population.The treatment of sALL is complicated by old age and poor performance status.The median survival of patients with sALL is 18 months,whereas those who received chemotherapy had significantlyprolonged survival Conclusions:Patients with sALL combined with an antecedent MM,especially those with long-term exposure to immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide or lenalidomide,should be cautiously evaluated and managed with a comprehensive approach.展开更多
Oral cancer pathogenesis is significantly influenced by Candida species,especially C.albicans,through chronic inflammation and cellular dysregulation.Epidemiological studies highlight a strong correlation between pers...Oral cancer pathogenesis is significantly influenced by Candida species,especially C.albicans,through chronic inflammation and cellular dysregulation.Epidemiological studies highlight a strong correlation between persistent Candida infections and oral carcinogenesis.Experimental evidence has identified key biomolecular mechanisms,including biofilm formation,epithelial invasion,and immune evasion.Chronic inflammation induced by Candida fosters a pro-tumorigenic environment characterized by oxidative stress,cytokine imbalance,and genomic instability.Animal models of Candida-induced oral lesions offer insights into premalignant conditions,and case series studies further support the association between fungal infections and oral cancer.This review critically examines the role of Candida,particularly C.albicans,in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)pathogenesis by analyzing epidemiological,experimental,and mechanistic data.We emphasize the importance of early detection and therapeutic strategies,including antifungal prophylaxis,to manage Candida colonization in cancer patients.A comprehensive literature search of studies published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus,and Web of Science.Key findings were synthesized to understand the relationship between Candida infections and OSCC.The persistent Candida infections create a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment that accelerates dysplastic changes and malignant progression,particularly in high-risk individuals.While the direct causative relationship is complex,the combined effects of Candida,tobacco,alcohol use,and immunosuppression are significant in oral carcinogenesis.Early detection,antifungal treatments,and personalized therapies are essential to improving patient outcomes.A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,microbiologists,and immunologists is crucial for developing integrated strategies to manage both Candida infections and cancer.Future research should focus on dual-action therapies targeting both Candida-induced inflammation and tumor progression.展开更多
Background:SIBP04 is a biosimilar of bevacizumab(Avastin■,Roche,Basel,Switzerland).This study evaluated the equivalence of SIBP04 to Avastin■as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous no...Background:SIBP04 is a biosimilar of bevacizumab(Avastin■,Roche,Basel,Switzerland).This study evaluated the equivalence of SIBP04 to Avastin■as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer(nsqNSCLC).Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,multi-center,phase 3 trial,we recruited patients with locally advanced or metastatic nsqNSCLC from 58 hospitals at China.Patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive SIBP04 or Avastin■(15 mg/kg)combined with paclitaxel(175 mg/m^(2))and carboplatin(area under curve[AUC]=5.0,no more than 800 mg)(PC)regimens intravenously(3-week cycles,up to six cycles)followed by SIBP04 maintenance therapy.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR),defined as the best overall response from the first dose to the 18th week,assessed by the independent review committee(IRC)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)version 1.1.Clinical equivalence of the primary endpoint was done by comparing the two-sided 90%confidence interval(CI)of the ORR ratio(SIBP04 plus PC vs.Avastin■plus PC)in the per-protocol set(PPS)populaiton with the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75–1.33.Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival,overall survival,duration of response,disease control rate,safety,immunogenicity,and pharmacological bioequivalence of steady-state trough concentrations.Results:From April 17,2020,to April 20,2021,517 patients were randomly assigned to receive SIBP04 plus PC(n=259)or Avastin■plus PC(n=258).The ORR of the SIBP04 plus PC group was 55.6%(95%CI,49.3–61.8)and that of the Avastin■plus PC group was 59.3%(95%CI,53.0–65.4)in the full analysis set(FAS)population(P=0.3944).The ORR of the SIBP04 plus PC group was 62.6%(95%CI,55.8–69.0)and that of the Avastin■plus PC group was 64.7%(95%CI,58.0–71.0)in the PPS population(P=0.6448).The ORR ratio(SIBP04 plus PC vs.Avastin■plus PC)was 0.94(90%CI,0.8270–1.0621)in the FAS population and 0.97(90%CI,0.8578–1.0900)in the PPS population,respectively,both within the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75–1.33.Other efficacy endpoints,safety,immunogenicity,and pharmacokinetics were all comparable across the groups.Conclusions:SIBP04 showed equivalent efficacy and safety profile to Avastin■in patients with locally advanced or metastatic nsqNSCLC.SIBP04 plus PC regimen will offer an alternative first-line treatment option for this patient population.展开更多
Recently,the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention.However,the reported findings are inconsistent,with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interact...Recently,the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention.However,the reported findings are inconsistent,with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interactions of different vitamins in various cancer cells.Importantly,the presence of vitamin receptors in tumor cells suggests that vitamins play a significant role in the molecular and biochemical interactions in cancers.Additionally,studies on the efficacy of vitamin supplementation and dosage levels on tumor progression and mortality risk have yielded inconsistent results.Notably,molecular and biochemical investigations have reported the function of vitamins in the proliferation,growth,and invasiveness of tumor cells,as well as in cell cycle arrest and inflammatory signaling.Additionally,different vitamins may regulate the cancer microenvironment by activating various molecular pathways.Vitamins significantly affect immunological function,antioxidant defense,inflammation,and epigenetic control,and can improve treatment outcomes by affecting cell behavior and combating stress and DNA damage.However,further research is necessary to confirm the efficacy of vitamins,establish ideal dosages,and develop effective cancer prevention and treatment plans.Individualized supplementation plans guided by medical knowledge are crucial to achieving optimal results in clinical and preclinical settings.In this review,we critically evaluated the effects of different vitamins on the risk and development of cancer.Additionally,we examined the potential of vitamin supplements to enhance the efficacy of drug therapy and counteract resistance mechanisms that often arise during cancer treatment.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous,depending on their source.Endogenous VOCs are metabolic byproducts eliminated via respiration.These compounds serve as indicators of human metabolic activity,reflecting differences in tumors compared to normal cell metabolism and the body's response to tumors.Examination of exhaled breath provides a noninvasive approach for assessing metabolic status by comparing VOC levels.Consequently,VOCs are increasingly studied as novel biomarkers for cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment efficacy prediction.This review outlines VOC production mechanisms,their presence in tumor types,detection methodologies,and their implications for tumor screening,diagnosis,and prognosis.Nonetheless,challenges remain in the utilization of VOCs for cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes.Furthermore,this review discusses unresolved issues requiring attention to improve malignant tumor assessment,providing insights into their diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.展开更多
Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD...Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD distribution among patients with liver cancer,identify the factors associated with hospital deaths,and offer valuable insights for the government to develop healthcare policies.Methods:Data from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)of China.This analysis focused on the distribution of POD among individuals who succumbed to liver cancer.Variations in characteristic distributions across different categories were evaluated using a chi-squared test.We also applied a multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with hospital liver cancer deaths.The proportional change in variance was computed to evaluate the contributions of different factors in the model.Results:From 2013 to 2020,the NMSS reported a total of 608,789 liver cancer-related deaths,of which 440,079(72.29%)died at home,and 158,291(26.00%)died in the hospital.Home remained the preferred POD among patients with liver cancer.The results demonstrated that female patients,aged between 0 and 14 years,of Han ethnicity,living in urban areas,unmarried,highly educated,and either employed in a professional,staff,or civil servant capacity,or retired patients tended to end their lives in the hospital.Conclusions:In China,home continues to be the predominant POD for patients with liver cancer,with demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influencing whether a hospital is their POD.Enhancing healthcare policymakers'understanding of the factors influencing the place of death for patients with liver cancer may assist in creating a more equitable distribution of healthcare resources and providing a variety of choices for minorities with distinct preferences for end-of-life care.展开更多
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bi...Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bioactive compounds,have emerged as promising agents for breast cancer therapy due to their multifaceted mechanisms of action.This review examines the role of phytoconstituents in inducing apoptosis,inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation,and suppressing metastasis.Furthermore,the anti-angiogenic effects of these compounds are discussed,highlighting their potential to disrupt tumor vascularization.We also summarize the in vitro and in vivo study-derived preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of phytoconstituents.The synergistic potential of phytoconstituents with conventional therapies is also explored,emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.We also address the challenges and limitations in the clinical application of phytoconstituents,paving the way for future research.This review provides insights into the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents in breast cancer and their underlying mechanisms,advocating for their integration into existing treatment regimens.展开更多
基金supported by the Talent Development Plan for High-level Public Health Technical Personnel Project in Beijing,Beijing Municipal Health Commission[No.XKGG-02-03].
文摘Introduction.Well-designed,strictly implemented,and fully standardized randomized controlled trials(RCTs)are a prerequisite for developing reliable scientific evidence,which can improve clinical practice,health outcomes,and ultimately benefit patients.Suboptimal reporting is pervasive in medical research,resulting in biased research records and persistent uncertainty about the quality of available evidence.1,2,3,4 The standardization of research reports has attracted considerable attention.In 1996,the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials(CONSORT)was first published to improve the quality of RCTs and enhance the reproducibility of trial methods,results,and inferences.
文摘About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
基金supported by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2023-JKCS-23)the Special Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College(No.2022-I2M-C&T-A-014).
文摘Clinical studies on trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive brain metastases Several previous clinical studies have suggested significant intracranial activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd)in brain metastases(BMs)of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive(HER2-positive)metastatic breast cancer(mBC).Pooled analyses from DESTINY-Breast(DB)01,02,and 03 showed that T-DXd outperformed controls in terms of intracranial overall response rate(ORR)and median progression-free survival(mPFS).
文摘The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer(CRC)development.The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis,fatty acid production,lipogenesis,and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development,including CRC.The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC,making it an environmental disease.These factors include food and lifestyle choices,genetics and family history,age,underlying intestinal diseases,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet,which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome.In addition to impacting CRC formation,the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects,including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them.Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied,yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment.Microbiome-driven immunotherapies,focusing on probiotics,prebiotics,and synbiotics,represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues,including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods.The study highlights the impact of several risk factors,including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora.Given the foregoing,we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions,microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.
文摘Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial adverse effects,the development of drug resistance,and high cost.To address these challenges,numerous studies have focused on repurposing existing drugs for anticancer therapy,with clotrimazole(CLZ)emerging as a promising candidate due to its notable anticancer activity.CLZ was first developed as an antifungal agent.Recently,significant anticancer effects have been observed making it a suitable candidate for drug repurposing.Compared with other azole-based antifungals,CLZ has shown distinct therapeutic effects on cancer cells via several pathways.Its ability to disrupt glycolysis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase(PFK)and hexokinase(HK)distinguishes it from other azoles.Furthermore,CLZ obstructs calcium homeostasis and critical survival pathways,such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)-p65,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways,inhibiting tumor growth,inducing apoptosis,and attenuating metastasis.This review summarizes the potential of CLZ repurposing for cancer therapy,emphasizing its well-established safety profile and cost-effectiveness while addressing unmet clinical needs in current cancer treatment.It briefly examines in vitro and in vivo assessments to understand the mechanisms and effects of CLZ on various cancer types.Furthermore,novel strategies such as nanoformulations and combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have been highlighted to improve therapeutic outcomes.Preclinical studies have provided promising evidence for the efficacy of CLZ in different cancers,showing tumor regression and improved responses to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies.Given its evident preclinical results and diverse mechanisms of action,CLZ may be considered an antineoplastic agent.Further clinical research is required to fully elucidate its anticancer potential,potentially positing it as a valuable addition to currently available cancer treatments.
文摘Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors and chemotherapy can enhance anti-tumor activity.This phase Ib clinical study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cisplatin in combination with sintilimab and niraparib in patients with advanced solid tumors.Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors who had progressed after one or more lines of standard therapy were enrolled in the study,and received cisplatin and sintilimab on day 1 and niraparib from days 1–21 every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles,followed by maintenance therapy with sintilimab and niraparib(the same doses and schedules as before),until disease progression,death,or intolerable toxicities.During the dose-escalation phase,patients were divided into three dose groups on the basis of a 3+3 dose-escalation regimen,and a dose-expansion phase was conducted based on the determined maximum tolerated dose(MTD).The primary endpoint was safety,including treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs),dose-limiting toxicity(DLT),and the recommended phase 2 dose(RP2D),and the secondary endpoint was efficacy.In addition,exploratory endpoints were prespecified to analyze potential biomarkers.Results From July 31,2019,to July 1,2022,a total of 26 patients were enrolled,and no DLTs were observed in the dose-escalation phase.The recommended RP2Ds of cisplatin,sintilimab,and niraparib were 60 mg/m2,200 mg,and 100 mg every 3 weeks,respectively.All patients experienced TRAEs of varying severity,and a 19.23%(5 patients)incidence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs).With the median follow-up time of 47.9 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:38.8–NA),objective response rate(ORR)was 26.92%(7 patients,95%CI,11.57–47.79),disease control rate was 57.69%(15 patients,95%CI:36.92–76.65),the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 3.30 months(95%CI:2.14–4.46)and the median overall survival(OS)was 8.03 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.41–12.66),with PFS rates of 26.92%(seven patients)and 11.54%(three patients)at 6 and 12 months,and OS rates of 69.23%,34.62%and 11.54%at 6,12 and 24 months,respectively.Patients with programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression≥1%showed significantly longer PFS(3.93 months,P=0.032)and OS(14.97 months,P=0.036)compared to those with PD-L1 expression<1%.Conclusion The combination of cisplatin with sintilimab and niraparib showed a manageable safety profile and modest anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.Further validation in larger,histology-specific patients is needed to confirm clinical benefit.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos:2024A1515012687)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82303052).
文摘Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)is an aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)that is typically resistant to nearly all current therapies.Methods In this study,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and bioinformatic analysis identified centrosomal protein 55(CEP55)as a critical factor in the transformation from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(HSPC)to CRPC and,ultimately to,NEPC.Results Subsequent bioinformatics analyses and clinical sample validation showed that CEP55 is significantly upregulated in NEPC tissues relative to HSPC and CRPC.Furthermore,while CEP55 show no significant association with the immune microenvironment or cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),our findings indicated that it directly mediates the plasticity of prostate cancer cells,thereby driving NEPC progression.Specifically,in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CEP55 enhances cell proliferation,migration,invasion and the expression of NEPC biomarkers in prostate cancer.Importantly,although cisplatin is the primary treatment for NEPC clinically,CEP55 has been shown to regulate cisplatin resistance through the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)at the tyrosine 15(Tyr15)site.Conclusions In summary,our study identifies a key gene that influences the neuroendocrine differentiation process in prostate cancer,suggesting its potential as an important therapeutic target.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,which poses significant challenges due to its complex progression and limited curative options.Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is a cornerstone treatment for intermediate-stage HCC,as outlined in widely accepted clinical guidelines,including the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)framework.Over the years,TACE has evolved through technological innovations and novel therapeutic combinations designed to enhance efficacy and improve patient outcomes.Recent advancements include refined imaging techniques,innovative embolic materials,and the integration of systemic therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.These advancements have expanded TACE’s applicability and improved its efficacy in controlling tumor progression and prolonging survival in patients with unresectable HCC.Despite these advancements,challenges persist,including the optimization of treatment protocols,the management of complications,and the need for personalized treatment strategies that are tailored to diverse patient populations.This review highlights the latest progress and current understanding of TACE as a therapeutic modality for HCC.It also explores emerging trends,ongoing challenges,and the potential for novel combinations to redefine the therapeutic landscape.By synthesizing the latest evidence,this article aims to provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers striving to improve HCC management and patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100164,82302692)the Capital Medical University Research Cultivation Fund(No.PYZ22099)the Guangdong Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(No.A2024190).
文摘Background Fusion genes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).This study investigated the utility of targeted next-generation sequencing(NGS)of RNA for detecting rare and unknown fusion genes in patients with AML.Methods A total of 85 adult AML samples previously identified as fusion gene-negative by multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were subjected to NGS analysis.Results Fusion genes were detected in 21 of 72(29.2%)patients.Among the 26 primary refractory patients,11(42.3%)exhibited fusion genes,whereas among the 18 relapsed patients,fusion genes were identified in five(27.8%).Notably,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)and nucleoporin 98(NUP98)rearrangements were enriched in refractory/relapsed patients.Additionally,recurrent fusion transcripts involving eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1(EIF4A1)were identified.The identification of additional fusion genes resulted in an approximate 20.8%(11/53)reclassification of medium-risk karyotypes to the high-risk category,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions Targeted NGS may complement conventional methods for identifying novel fusions in refractory/relapsed AML;however,its prognostic value requires validation in prospective controlled trials.
文摘In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uniting medical professionals to advance medical science and technology,”and it has become one of the core driving forces of China's medical development.1 The 2024 Elsevier Highly Cited Chinese Researchers list was released in March 2025,and I was honored to be included in this list for the fifth consecutive year.
文摘Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.
基金supported by the Multi-Center Clinical Research Project of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases(No.NCRCG-PLAGH-20230010)the Key Military Health Project(No.23BJZ25).
文摘Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.2 CMML predominantly affects older adults,and treatment often involves demethylation therapy tailored to the patient's age and overall health.3 However,the complete remission rate for patients with CMML undergoing demethylation therapy is<20%and is frequently accompanied with severe side effects.1 Here,we discuss the case of an 84-year-old male diagnosed with CMML 6 years earlier,who experienced significant bone marrow suppression following demethylation therapy.By integrating multiomics data with bioinformatics,we developed and applied a novel approach of trimetinib monotherapy.This treatment resulted in notable improvements in hematopoietic function and overall quality of life,offering a promising strategy for managing CMML.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273204 and 81972471)the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Program(No.A2023077)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515110952)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M744024 and 2023M734015).
文摘Background:Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignancy characterized by the absence of reliable prognostic indicators and effective therapeutic targets.Claudin-9(CLDN9)has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various cancers.However,its prognostic value,biological function,and regulatory mechanisms in GC remain unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to elucidate the role of CLDN9 in GC progression and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:We utilized consensus cluster,random survival forest,and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify CLDN9 in GC.Subsequently,we evaluated the mRNA and protein levels of CLDN9 in GC using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(qRT-PCR),Western blotting(WB),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Furthermore,the role of CLDN9 in GC progression was investigated using a series of functional in vivo and in vitro experiments.Finally,we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of CLDN9 using bioinformatics,molecular biology,animal models,and patient tissue specimens.Results:Two GC subtypes with survival and functional differences were identified based on glycolytic metabolic genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)dataset.A prognostic risk score was calculated using seven genes to assess the overall survival(OS)in GC.Using random survival forest and multivariate Cox analyses,we identified CLDN9 as the key gene linked to the glycolytic subtype and prognosis of GC.CLDN9 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with GC as well as in GC cells.CLDN9 knockdown inhibited tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro.Mechanistically,CLDN9 was found to regulate lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)expression and promote glycolytic metabolism by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1α)signaling pathway.Additionally,lactate,a glycolytic metabolite,enhanced programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)lactylation and stability,which suppressed anti-tumor immunity in CD8t T cells,thereby contributing to GC progression.Conclusions:CLDN9 expression is associated with GC development and progression.Mechanistically,CLDN9 enhances the glycolysis pathway and facilitates PD-L1 lactylation through the PI3K/AKT/HIF1αsignaling pathway,thereby suppressing anti-tumor immunity in CD8t T cells.CLDN9 has the potential to serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for GC.
文摘Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM.Methods:We conducted this population-based study using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and retrospectively reviewed patients with sALL following MM treatment at our institution.Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with sALL.Results:We identified 64,629 cases of MM(including 18 sALL from the SEER Plus 9 database,and three sALL from our institution).Younger patients with MM and those who received chemotherapy were at a higher risk of developing sALL.The novel agent era witnessed an increased incidence of sALL(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era:0.31%[10/32,640]vs.0.25%[8/31,989])and shorter latency time(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era[median]:51.5 vs.74.5 months,P=0.516),though the difference was not significant.The median age at sALL onset was 65(range:47-78)years.Significant cytopenia and absence of BCR/ABL fusion genes were common features in this patient population.The treatment of sALL is complicated by old age and poor performance status.The median survival of patients with sALL is 18 months,whereas those who received chemotherapy had significantlyprolonged survival Conclusions:Patients with sALL combined with an antecedent MM,especially those with long-term exposure to immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide or lenalidomide,should be cautiously evaluated and managed with a comprehensive approach.
文摘Oral cancer pathogenesis is significantly influenced by Candida species,especially C.albicans,through chronic inflammation and cellular dysregulation.Epidemiological studies highlight a strong correlation between persistent Candida infections and oral carcinogenesis.Experimental evidence has identified key biomolecular mechanisms,including biofilm formation,epithelial invasion,and immune evasion.Chronic inflammation induced by Candida fosters a pro-tumorigenic environment characterized by oxidative stress,cytokine imbalance,and genomic instability.Animal models of Candida-induced oral lesions offer insights into premalignant conditions,and case series studies further support the association between fungal infections and oral cancer.This review critically examines the role of Candida,particularly C.albicans,in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)pathogenesis by analyzing epidemiological,experimental,and mechanistic data.We emphasize the importance of early detection and therapeutic strategies,including antifungal prophylaxis,to manage Candida colonization in cancer patients.A comprehensive literature search of studies published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus,and Web of Science.Key findings were synthesized to understand the relationship between Candida infections and OSCC.The persistent Candida infections create a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment that accelerates dysplastic changes and malignant progression,particularly in high-risk individuals.While the direct causative relationship is complex,the combined effects of Candida,tobacco,alcohol use,and immunosuppression are significant in oral carcinogenesis.Early detection,antifungal treatments,and personalized therapies are essential to improving patient outcomes.A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,microbiologists,and immunologists is crucial for developing integrated strategies to manage both Candida infections and cancer.Future research should focus on dual-action therapies targeting both Candida-induced inflammation and tumor progression.
文摘Background:SIBP04 is a biosimilar of bevacizumab(Avastin■,Roche,Basel,Switzerland).This study evaluated the equivalence of SIBP04 to Avastin■as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer(nsqNSCLC).Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,multi-center,phase 3 trial,we recruited patients with locally advanced or metastatic nsqNSCLC from 58 hospitals at China.Patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive SIBP04 or Avastin■(15 mg/kg)combined with paclitaxel(175 mg/m^(2))and carboplatin(area under curve[AUC]=5.0,no more than 800 mg)(PC)regimens intravenously(3-week cycles,up to six cycles)followed by SIBP04 maintenance therapy.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR),defined as the best overall response from the first dose to the 18th week,assessed by the independent review committee(IRC)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)version 1.1.Clinical equivalence of the primary endpoint was done by comparing the two-sided 90%confidence interval(CI)of the ORR ratio(SIBP04 plus PC vs.Avastin■plus PC)in the per-protocol set(PPS)populaiton with the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75–1.33.Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival,overall survival,duration of response,disease control rate,safety,immunogenicity,and pharmacological bioequivalence of steady-state trough concentrations.Results:From April 17,2020,to April 20,2021,517 patients were randomly assigned to receive SIBP04 plus PC(n=259)or Avastin■plus PC(n=258).The ORR of the SIBP04 plus PC group was 55.6%(95%CI,49.3–61.8)and that of the Avastin■plus PC group was 59.3%(95%CI,53.0–65.4)in the full analysis set(FAS)population(P=0.3944).The ORR of the SIBP04 plus PC group was 62.6%(95%CI,55.8–69.0)and that of the Avastin■plus PC group was 64.7%(95%CI,58.0–71.0)in the PPS population(P=0.6448).The ORR ratio(SIBP04 plus PC vs.Avastin■plus PC)was 0.94(90%CI,0.8270–1.0621)in the FAS population and 0.97(90%CI,0.8578–1.0900)in the PPS population,respectively,both within the prespecified equivalence margin of 0.75–1.33.Other efficacy endpoints,safety,immunogenicity,and pharmacokinetics were all comparable across the groups.Conclusions:SIBP04 showed equivalent efficacy and safety profile to Avastin■in patients with locally advanced or metastatic nsqNSCLC.SIBP04 plus PC regimen will offer an alternative first-line treatment option for this patient population.
文摘Recently,the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention.However,the reported findings are inconsistent,with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interactions of different vitamins in various cancer cells.Importantly,the presence of vitamin receptors in tumor cells suggests that vitamins play a significant role in the molecular and biochemical interactions in cancers.Additionally,studies on the efficacy of vitamin supplementation and dosage levels on tumor progression and mortality risk have yielded inconsistent results.Notably,molecular and biochemical investigations have reported the function of vitamins in the proliferation,growth,and invasiveness of tumor cells,as well as in cell cycle arrest and inflammatory signaling.Additionally,different vitamins may regulate the cancer microenvironment by activating various molecular pathways.Vitamins significantly affect immunological function,antioxidant defense,inflammation,and epigenetic control,and can improve treatment outcomes by affecting cell behavior and combating stress and DNA damage.However,further research is necessary to confirm the efficacy of vitamins,establish ideal dosages,and develop effective cancer prevention and treatment plans.Individualized supplementation plans guided by medical knowledge are crucial to achieving optimal results in clinical and preclinical settings.In this review,we critically evaluated the effects of different vitamins on the risk and development of cancer.Additionally,we examined the potential of vitamin supplements to enhance the efficacy of drug therapy and counteract resistance mechanisms that often arise during cancer treatment.
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous,depending on their source.Endogenous VOCs are metabolic byproducts eliminated via respiration.These compounds serve as indicators of human metabolic activity,reflecting differences in tumors compared to normal cell metabolism and the body's response to tumors.Examination of exhaled breath provides a noninvasive approach for assessing metabolic status by comparing VOC levels.Consequently,VOCs are increasingly studied as novel biomarkers for cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment efficacy prediction.This review outlines VOC production mechanisms,their presence in tumor types,detection methodologies,and their implications for tumor screening,diagnosis,and prognosis.Nonetheless,challenges remain in the utilization of VOCs for cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes.Furthermore,this review discusses unresolved issues requiring attention to improve malignant tumor assessment,providing insights into their diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81974361 and 82272768)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission-Beijing Natural Science Foundation Union Program(No.KZ202010025046).
文摘Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD distribution among patients with liver cancer,identify the factors associated with hospital deaths,and offer valuable insights for the government to develop healthcare policies.Methods:Data from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)of China.This analysis focused on the distribution of POD among individuals who succumbed to liver cancer.Variations in characteristic distributions across different categories were evaluated using a chi-squared test.We also applied a multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with hospital liver cancer deaths.The proportional change in variance was computed to evaluate the contributions of different factors in the model.Results:From 2013 to 2020,the NMSS reported a total of 608,789 liver cancer-related deaths,of which 440,079(72.29%)died at home,and 158,291(26.00%)died in the hospital.Home remained the preferred POD among patients with liver cancer.The results demonstrated that female patients,aged between 0 and 14 years,of Han ethnicity,living in urban areas,unmarried,highly educated,and either employed in a professional,staff,or civil servant capacity,or retired patients tended to end their lives in the hospital.Conclusions:In China,home continues to be the predominant POD for patients with liver cancer,with demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influencing whether a hospital is their POD.Enhancing healthcare policymakers'understanding of the factors influencing the place of death for patients with liver cancer may assist in creating a more equitable distribution of healthcare resources and providing a variety of choices for minorities with distinct preferences for end-of-life care.
文摘Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bioactive compounds,have emerged as promising agents for breast cancer therapy due to their multifaceted mechanisms of action.This review examines the role of phytoconstituents in inducing apoptosis,inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation,and suppressing metastasis.Furthermore,the anti-angiogenic effects of these compounds are discussed,highlighting their potential to disrupt tumor vascularization.We also summarize the in vitro and in vivo study-derived preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of phytoconstituents.The synergistic potential of phytoconstituents with conventional therapies is also explored,emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.We also address the challenges and limitations in the clinical application of phytoconstituents,paving the way for future research.This review provides insights into the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents in breast cancer and their underlying mechanisms,advocating for their integration into existing treatment regimens.
