In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uni...In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uniting medical professionals to advance medical science and technology,”and it has become one of the core driving forces of China's medical development.1 The 2024 Elsevier Highly Cited Chinese Researchers list was released in March 2025,and I was honored to be included in this list for the fifth consecutive year.展开更多
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leu...Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.2 CMML predominantly affects older adults,and treatment often involves demethylation therapy tailored to the patient's age and overall health.3 However,the complete remission rate for patients with CMML undergoing demethylation therapy is<20%and is frequently accompanied with severe side effects.1 Here,we discuss the case of an 84-year-old male diagnosed with CMML 6 years earlier,who experienced significant bone marrow suppression following demethylation therapy.By integrating multiomics data with bioinformatics,we developed and applied a novel approach of trimetinib monotherapy.This treatment resulted in notable improvements in hematopoietic function and overall quality of life,offering a promising strategy for managing CMML.展开更多
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their o...Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.展开更多
Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM...Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM.Methods:We conducted this population-based study using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and retrospectively reviewed patients with sALL following MM treatment at our institution.Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with sALL.Results:We identified 64,629 cases of MM(including 18 sALL from the SEER Plus 9 database,and three sALL from our institution).Younger patients with MM and those who received chemotherapy were at a higher risk of developing sALL.The novel agent era witnessed an increased incidence of sALL(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era:0.31%[10/32,640]vs.0.25%[8/31,989])and shorter latency time(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era[median]:51.5 vs.74.5 months,P=0.516),though the difference was not significant.The median age at sALL onset was 65(range:47-78)years.Significant cytopenia and absence of BCR/ABL fusion genes were common features in this patient population.The treatment of sALL is complicated by old age and poor performance status.The median survival of patients with sALL is 18 months,whereas those who received chemotherapy had significantlyprolonged survival Conclusions:Patients with sALL combined with an antecedent MM,especially those with long-term exposure to immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide or lenalidomide,should be cautiously evaluated and managed with a comprehensive approach.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous,depending on their source.Endogenous VOCs are metabolic byproducts eliminated via respiration.These compounds serve as indicators of human metabolic activity,reflecting differences in tumors compared to normal cell metabolism and the body's response to tumors.Examination of exhaled breath provides a noninvasive approach for assessing metabolic status by comparing VOC levels.Consequently,VOCs are increasingly studied as novel biomarkers for cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment efficacy prediction.This review outlines VOC production mechanisms,their presence in tumor types,detection methodologies,and their implications for tumor screening,diagnosis,and prognosis.Nonetheless,challenges remain in the utilization of VOCs for cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes.Furthermore,this review discusses unresolved issues requiring attention to improve malignant tumor assessment,providing insights into their diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.展开更多
Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD...Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD distribution among patients with liver cancer,identify the factors associated with hospital deaths,and offer valuable insights for the government to develop healthcare policies.Methods:Data from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)of China.This analysis focused on the distribution of POD among individuals who succumbed to liver cancer.Variations in characteristic distributions across different categories were evaluated using a chi-squared test.We also applied a multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with hospital liver cancer deaths.The proportional change in variance was computed to evaluate the contributions of different factors in the model.Results:From 2013 to 2020,the NMSS reported a total of 608,789 liver cancer-related deaths,of which 440,079(72.29%)died at home,and 158,291(26.00%)died in the hospital.Home remained the preferred POD among patients with liver cancer.The results demonstrated that female patients,aged between 0 and 14 years,of Han ethnicity,living in urban areas,unmarried,highly educated,and either employed in a professional,staff,or civil servant capacity,or retired patients tended to end their lives in the hospital.Conclusions:In China,home continues to be the predominant POD for patients with liver cancer,with demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influencing whether a hospital is their POD.Enhancing healthcare policymakers'understanding of the factors influencing the place of death for patients with liver cancer may assist in creating a more equitable distribution of healthcare resources and providing a variety of choices for minorities with distinct preferences for end-of-life care.展开更多
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bi...Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bioactive compounds,have emerged as promising agents for breast cancer therapy due to their multifaceted mechanisms of action.This review examines the role of phytoconstituents in inducing apoptosis,inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation,and suppressing metastasis.Furthermore,the anti-angiogenic effects of these compounds are discussed,highlighting their potential to disrupt tumor vascularization.We also summarize the in vitro and in vivo study-derived preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of phytoconstituents.The synergistic potential of phytoconstituents with conventional therapies is also explored,emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.We also address the challenges and limitations in the clinical application of phytoconstituents,paving the way for future research.This review provides insights into the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents in breast cancer and their underlying mechanisms,advocating for their integration into existing treatment regimens.展开更多
A recent article by Ji et al.,1 entitled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy,”has highlighted the impact of visceral...A recent article by Ji et al.,1 entitled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy,”has highlighted the impact of visceral obesity on the prognosis of patients with stage IVB cervical cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.The main result of the study is that people who have a higher visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio(VSR)have much higher chances of surviving.The results are both intriguing and clinically relevant.This study's findings are consistent with existing literature,which suggests that body composition,specifically fat distribution,significantly influences cancer prognosis.The study used computed tomography(CT)to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat.This is a precise and useful way to check body composition in a group of patients who are often hard to manage because their disease is so far advanced.展开更多
I am writing to comment upon a recent study published in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy titled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy an...I am writing to comment upon a recent study published in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy titled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy“by Ji et al.1 This insightful study highlights an important aspect of cancer treatment that is often overlooked,namely:the impact of body composition,specifically visceral obesity,on the prognosis of patients with advanced cervical cancer.The findings reported in this article are both intriguing and significant,and warrant further discussion within and beyond the scientific community.展开更多
About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
In the era of precision oncology,molecular profiling of tumor biopsy or plasma(also known as liquid biopsy)derived from patients with cancer is pivotal in guiding treatment selection.Liquid biopsy allows for the ident...In the era of precision oncology,molecular profiling of tumor biopsy or plasma(also known as liquid biopsy)derived from patients with cancer is pivotal in guiding treatment selection.Liquid biopsy allows for the identification of druggable biomarkers,facilitating optimal cancer care management.1 Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is at the forefront because of the diverse genetic biomarkers currently approved for guiding targeted therapies.Mesenchymal epithelial transition(MET)is a receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions,such as initiating and sustaining neoplastic transformation,driving cancer clonal evolution,and progression toward metastasis after treatment initiation and under therapeutic pressure.2 Exon 14 skipping(METex14skipping)and amplification(METamp)are two important MET dysregulations in NSCLC with distinct oncogenic roles.The concurrent presence of these two MET alterations in patients with NSCLC has rarely been reported,and knowledge of their collective impact on patient response to MET inhibitors such as capmatinib remains elusive.In this paper,we report the case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis who progressed on first-line(1L)osimertinib treatment with new liver metastasis,along with the outcomes of subsequent testing and treatment management.展开更多
About the journal,Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal,Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
Introduction With growing concerns about the opioid crisis,the adoption of multimodal analgesia has significantly increased in clinical settings over the last 20 years.Multimodal analgesia refers to the use of various...Introduction With growing concerns about the opioid crisis,the adoption of multimodal analgesia has significantly increased in clinical settings over the last 20 years.Multimodal analgesia refers to the use of various analgesic agents that act via distinct mechanisms at multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway,thereby enhancing pain management and minimizing opioid use.Opioid-sparing or opioid-free approaches can be effective for perioperative analgesia;however,their necessity and appropriateness depend on the circumstances of the individual patient.Common perioperative analgesics include opioids and non-opioid systemic analgesics,such as dexmedetomidine(DEX),ketamine,acetaminophen,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs,gabapentinoids,and regional or local anesthetics administered intravenously or through infiltration.展开更多
About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
Background Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex,heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent relapses and metastasis.Previous studies have reported that the invasion and progression of CRC in several cases can be con...Background Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex,heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent relapses and metastasis.Previous studies have reported that the invasion and progression of CRC in several cases can be controlled by targeting fusion genes.This study aimed to screen for potent fusion transcripts as potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC(mCRC)using an in silico approach.Methods RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data from 18 patients with primary CRC and matched normal and mCRC samples were derived from the same patient set.Novel fusion transcripts were screened using the Kallisto and Pizzly software,followed by Gene Ontology(GO),pathway analysis,transcription factor enrichment,and survival for functional enrichment analysis.Furthermore,the fusion transcripts’utility as biomarkers was evaluated using a pan-cancer analysis.Results In total,32 fusion genes unique to mCRC were identified.Hub gene analysis identified 17 novel fusion transcripts,and GO analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in different biological and molecular functions.Pathways significantly correlated with CRC included the complement and coagulation cascades,ferroptosis,interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,and estrogen signaling pathway.We identified albumin-eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1(ALB-EEF1A1)as unique to mCRC based on significant gene expression and survival outcomes.Moreover,its utility as a prognostic biomarker was confirmed using a pan-cancer analysis.Conclusions ALB-EEF1A1 may play a pivotal role in the metastatic transformation of primary CRC and significantly increase the risk of death.The identified ALB-EEF1A1 fusion transcripts are promising novel molecular targets that may serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for mCRC in the future.展开更多
Circular ribonucleic acid(circRNA)vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy,facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses.Unlike traditional linear messeng...Circular ribonucleic acid(circRNA)vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy,facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses.Unlike traditional linear messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines,circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability,enhanced translational efficiency,and resistance to exonuclease degradation,making them ideal candidates for vaccine development.This review delved into the fundamental principles underlying circRNA biology,highlighting their unique structural advantages and translational potential.We examined recent advancements in circRNA vaccine design,focusing on their application in oncology.As the circRNA-based cancer vaccine is a relatively novel technology,findings from all the major studies describing its efficacy were discussed.We further investigated their combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,that ensure the maximal anticancer effects of circRNA vaccines.Large-scale manufacturing,immunogenicity optimization,delivery systems,and other challenges and future directions in this field were also discussed.This study aims to thoroughly analyze the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of circRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy,highlighting them as exciting possibilities for next-generation cancer therapies.展开更多
About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics ...About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.展开更多
Background:Whole-tissue autologous therapeutic vaccines(WATVs)are a form of cancer immunotherapy that use a patient's own pathological tissue.Concerns exist regarding the potential of WATVs to induce autoimmunity ...Background:Whole-tissue autologous therapeutic vaccines(WATVs)are a form of cancer immunotherapy that use a patient's own pathological tissue.Concerns exist regarding the potential of WATVs to induce autoimmunity or the spread of cancer;however,their adverse events(AEs)have not been adequately studied.This literature review primarily aimed to evaluate the risks of autoimmunity and cancer seeding associated with using WATVs in human clinical trials.Its secondary objectives included assessing the incidence of AEs graded 1-5 using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0.Methods:The inclusion criteria were any clinical trial using human subjects in which at least part of the cancer vaccine was derived from the patient's own tumor tissue,which likely preserved the unique tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)present in the patient's tumor(i.e.,whole-tissue).Tumor vaccine trials that used limited TAAs or highly processed tumor antigens were excluded.Published clinical trials were searched using Google Scholar until March 2024.The authors elaborated on the risk of bias in such cases,as indicated.All reviewed publications were searched for evidence of autoimmunity,cancer seeding,and other AEs.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement guided the review.Results:Data from 55 human clinical trials,abstracts,case reports,and unpublished data were analyzed,including 3323 patients treated with WATVs for various cancers.The primary outcomes were:(1)no documented cases of WATV-induced autoimmunity,(2)no documented cases of WATV-induced spreading or seeding of noninfectious cancers,and(3)the observed 0.24%(2/838)risk of spreading or seeding infectious cancers was attributed to inadequate sterilization.The secondary outcomes were:(1)no deaths were attributed to WATV therapy,(2)0.18%(6/3323)incidence of grade 4 AEs,(3)0.42%(14/3323)incidence of grade 3 AEs,(4)the incidence of grades 1-2 AEs was 52.21%(478/916).Conclusions:WATVs carry no risk of inducing autoimmunity and essentially no risk of cancer seeding if properly sterilized.WATVs also exhibit a side effect profile comparable to that of routine vaccinations,with common,mild,and transient adverse effects.The combined risk of grade 3 and 4 AEs was 0.60%(20/3323).No deaths were causally associated with WATV treatment.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%of cases.3 Other mutations are rare and have unknown clinical effects.Imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),is used as a first-line treatment and confers a median survival of up to 5 years in 70%-85%of patients with advanced GISTs.3 This response correlates with the tumor's mutational status.Exon 11 mutations are correlated with a good response,whereas mutations in exons 9,13,and 17 may result in variable responses to imatinib.Insufficient data regarding the response to imatinib in patients with mutations in the activation-loop domain encoded by exon 17 is available.This mutation is observed in 0.5%of all GISTs.11 Herein,we discuss the case of a patient with a GIST with a rare proto-oncogene c-KIT missense mutation in exon 17(c.2466T>A;Asn822Lys).The patient was treated for 3 months with imatinib,which yielded a partial response(PR).展开更多
文摘In 2025,the Chinese Medical Association(CMA)marks the important milestone of its 110th anniversary.Founded in 1915,this medical organization has endured a century of vicissitudes,always adhering to its mission of“uniting medical professionals to advance medical science and technology,”and it has become one of the core driving forces of China's medical development.1 The 2024 Elsevier Highly Cited Chinese Researchers list was released in March 2025,and I was honored to be included in this list for the fifth consecutive year.
基金supported by the Multi-Center Clinical Research Project of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases(No.NCRCG-PLAGH-20230010)the Key Military Health Project(No.23BJZ25).
文摘Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare and malignant hematologic disorder,is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN).1 It poses a significant risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and is generally associated with a poor prognosis.2 CMML predominantly affects older adults,and treatment often involves demethylation therapy tailored to the patient's age and overall health.3 However,the complete remission rate for patients with CMML undergoing demethylation therapy is<20%and is frequently accompanied with severe side effects.1 Here,we discuss the case of an 84-year-old male diagnosed with CMML 6 years earlier,who experienced significant bone marrow suppression following demethylation therapy.By integrating multiomics data with bioinformatics,we developed and applied a novel approach of trimetinib monotherapy.This treatment resulted in notable improvements in hematopoietic function and overall quality of life,offering a promising strategy for managing CMML.
文摘Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.
文摘Background:Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia(sALL)is rare in patients diagnosed with antecedent multiple myeloma(MM).This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with sALL after MM.Methods:We conducted this population-based study using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and retrospectively reviewed patients with sALL following MM treatment at our institution.Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with sALL.Results:We identified 64,629 cases of MM(including 18 sALL from the SEER Plus 9 database,and three sALL from our institution).Younger patients with MM and those who received chemotherapy were at a higher risk of developing sALL.The novel agent era witnessed an increased incidence of sALL(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era:0.31%[10/32,640]vs.0.25%[8/31,989])and shorter latency time(post-novel agent era vs.pre-novel agent era[median]:51.5 vs.74.5 months,P=0.516),though the difference was not significant.The median age at sALL onset was 65(range:47-78)years.Significant cytopenia and absence of BCR/ABL fusion genes were common features in this patient population.The treatment of sALL is complicated by old age and poor performance status.The median survival of patients with sALL is 18 months,whereas those who received chemotherapy had significantlyprolonged survival Conclusions:Patients with sALL combined with an antecedent MM,especially those with long-term exposure to immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide or lenalidomide,should be cautiously evaluated and managed with a comprehensive approach.
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are carbon-based chemicals characterized by high vapor pressure and low boiling points under standard temperature and pressure conditions.VOCs are categorized as exogenous or endogenous,depending on their source.Endogenous VOCs are metabolic byproducts eliminated via respiration.These compounds serve as indicators of human metabolic activity,reflecting differences in tumors compared to normal cell metabolism and the body's response to tumors.Examination of exhaled breath provides a noninvasive approach for assessing metabolic status by comparing VOC levels.Consequently,VOCs are increasingly studied as novel biomarkers for cancer screening,diagnosis,and treatment efficacy prediction.This review outlines VOC production mechanisms,their presence in tumor types,detection methodologies,and their implications for tumor screening,diagnosis,and prognosis.Nonetheless,challenges remain in the utilization of VOCs for cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes.Furthermore,this review discusses unresolved issues requiring attention to improve malignant tumor assessment,providing insights into their diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81974361 and 82272768)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission-Beijing Natural Science Foundation Union Program(No.KZ202010025046).
文摘Background:Despite the country's substantial liver cancer burden,there is limited research on the factors influencing the place of death(POD)of patients with liver cancer in China.This study aimed to delineate POD distribution among patients with liver cancer,identify the factors associated with hospital deaths,and offer valuable insights for the government to develop healthcare policies.Methods:Data from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the National Mortality Surveillance System(NMSS)of China.This analysis focused on the distribution of POD among individuals who succumbed to liver cancer.Variations in characteristic distributions across different categories were evaluated using a chi-squared test.We also applied a multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with hospital liver cancer deaths.The proportional change in variance was computed to evaluate the contributions of different factors in the model.Results:From 2013 to 2020,the NMSS reported a total of 608,789 liver cancer-related deaths,of which 440,079(72.29%)died at home,and 158,291(26.00%)died in the hospital.Home remained the preferred POD among patients with liver cancer.The results demonstrated that female patients,aged between 0 and 14 years,of Han ethnicity,living in urban areas,unmarried,highly educated,and either employed in a professional,staff,or civil servant capacity,or retired patients tended to end their lives in the hospital.Conclusions:In China,home continues to be the predominant POD for patients with liver cancer,with demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influencing whether a hospital is their POD.Enhancing healthcare policymakers'understanding of the factors influencing the place of death for patients with liver cancer may assist in creating a more equitable distribution of healthcare resources and providing a variety of choices for minorities with distinct preferences for end-of-life care.
文摘Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide,necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Phytoconstituents,naturally plantderived bioactive compounds,have emerged as promising agents for breast cancer therapy due to their multifaceted mechanisms of action.This review examines the role of phytoconstituents in inducing apoptosis,inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation,and suppressing metastasis.Furthermore,the anti-angiogenic effects of these compounds are discussed,highlighting their potential to disrupt tumor vascularization.We also summarize the in vitro and in vivo study-derived preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of phytoconstituents.The synergistic potential of phytoconstituents with conventional therapies is also explored,emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.We also address the challenges and limitations in the clinical application of phytoconstituents,paving the way for future research.This review provides insights into the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents in breast cancer and their underlying mechanisms,advocating for their integration into existing treatment regimens.
文摘A recent article by Ji et al.,1 entitled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy,”has highlighted the impact of visceral obesity on the prognosis of patients with stage IVB cervical cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.The main result of the study is that people who have a higher visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio(VSR)have much higher chances of surviving.The results are both intriguing and clinically relevant.This study's findings are consistent with existing literature,which suggests that body composition,specifically fat distribution,significantly influences cancer prognosis.The study used computed tomography(CT)to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat.This is a precise and useful way to check body composition in a group of patients who are often hard to manage because their disease is so far advanced.
文摘I am writing to comment upon a recent study published in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy titled“Relationship between visceral obesity and prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy“by Ji et al.1 This insightful study highlights an important aspect of cancer treatment that is often overlooked,namely:the impact of body composition,specifically visceral obesity,on the prognosis of patients with advanced cervical cancer.The findings reported in this article are both intriguing and significant,and warrant further discussion within and beyond the scientific community.
文摘About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
文摘In the era of precision oncology,molecular profiling of tumor biopsy or plasma(also known as liquid biopsy)derived from patients with cancer is pivotal in guiding treatment selection.Liquid biopsy allows for the identification of druggable biomarkers,facilitating optimal cancer care management.1 Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is at the forefront because of the diverse genetic biomarkers currently approved for guiding targeted therapies.Mesenchymal epithelial transition(MET)is a receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions,such as initiating and sustaining neoplastic transformation,driving cancer clonal evolution,and progression toward metastasis after treatment initiation and under therapeutic pressure.2 Exon 14 skipping(METex14skipping)and amplification(METamp)are two important MET dysregulations in NSCLC with distinct oncogenic roles.The concurrent presence of these two MET alterations in patients with NSCLC has rarely been reported,and knowledge of their collective impact on patient response to MET inhibitors such as capmatinib remains elusive.In this paper,we report the case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis who progressed on first-line(1L)osimertinib treatment with new liver metastasis,along with the outcomes of subsequent testing and treatment management.
文摘About the journal,Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
文摘Introduction With growing concerns about the opioid crisis,the adoption of multimodal analgesia has significantly increased in clinical settings over the last 20 years.Multimodal analgesia refers to the use of various analgesic agents that act via distinct mechanisms at multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway,thereby enhancing pain management and minimizing opioid use.Opioid-sparing or opioid-free approaches can be effective for perioperative analgesia;however,their necessity and appropriateness depend on the circumstances of the individual patient.Common perioperative analgesics include opioids and non-opioid systemic analgesics,such as dexmedetomidine(DEX),ketamine,acetaminophen,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs,gabapentinoids,and regional or local anesthetics administered intravenously or through infiltration.
文摘About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
文摘Background Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex,heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent relapses and metastasis.Previous studies have reported that the invasion and progression of CRC in several cases can be controlled by targeting fusion genes.This study aimed to screen for potent fusion transcripts as potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC(mCRC)using an in silico approach.Methods RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data from 18 patients with primary CRC and matched normal and mCRC samples were derived from the same patient set.Novel fusion transcripts were screened using the Kallisto and Pizzly software,followed by Gene Ontology(GO),pathway analysis,transcription factor enrichment,and survival for functional enrichment analysis.Furthermore,the fusion transcripts’utility as biomarkers was evaluated using a pan-cancer analysis.Results In total,32 fusion genes unique to mCRC were identified.Hub gene analysis identified 17 novel fusion transcripts,and GO analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in different biological and molecular functions.Pathways significantly correlated with CRC included the complement and coagulation cascades,ferroptosis,interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,and estrogen signaling pathway.We identified albumin-eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1(ALB-EEF1A1)as unique to mCRC based on significant gene expression and survival outcomes.Moreover,its utility as a prognostic biomarker was confirmed using a pan-cancer analysis.Conclusions ALB-EEF1A1 may play a pivotal role in the metastatic transformation of primary CRC and significantly increase the risk of death.The identified ALB-EEF1A1 fusion transcripts are promising novel molecular targets that may serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for mCRC in the future.
文摘Circular ribonucleic acid(circRNA)vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy,facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses.Unlike traditional linear messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines,circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability,enhanced translational efficiency,and resistance to exonuclease degradation,making them ideal candidates for vaccine development.This review delved into the fundamental principles underlying circRNA biology,highlighting their unique structural advantages and translational potential.We examined recent advancements in circRNA vaccine design,focusing on their application in oncology.As the circRNA-based cancer vaccine is a relatively novel technology,findings from all the major studies describing its efficacy were discussed.We further investigated their combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,that ensure the maximal anticancer effects of circRNA vaccines.Large-scale manufacturing,immunogenicity optimization,delivery systems,and other challenges and future directions in this field were also discussed.This study aims to thoroughly analyze the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of circRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy,highlighting them as exciting possibilities for next-generation cancer therapies.
文摘About the journal.Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
文摘About the journal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy(CPT),a Chinese Medical Association(CMA)journal that was launched in Jan.2023,will be bimonthly from 2025,a peerreviewed,and open-access journal that covers key topics in all aspects of cancer research,focusing on mechanism innovation,emerging interdisciplinary and clinical trials research in Oncology.CPT has been indexed by ESCI,Pubmed,Pubmed Central,Scopus,and DOAJ until now.
文摘Background:Whole-tissue autologous therapeutic vaccines(WATVs)are a form of cancer immunotherapy that use a patient's own pathological tissue.Concerns exist regarding the potential of WATVs to induce autoimmunity or the spread of cancer;however,their adverse events(AEs)have not been adequately studied.This literature review primarily aimed to evaluate the risks of autoimmunity and cancer seeding associated with using WATVs in human clinical trials.Its secondary objectives included assessing the incidence of AEs graded 1-5 using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0.Methods:The inclusion criteria were any clinical trial using human subjects in which at least part of the cancer vaccine was derived from the patient's own tumor tissue,which likely preserved the unique tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)present in the patient's tumor(i.e.,whole-tissue).Tumor vaccine trials that used limited TAAs or highly processed tumor antigens were excluded.Published clinical trials were searched using Google Scholar until March 2024.The authors elaborated on the risk of bias in such cases,as indicated.All reviewed publications were searched for evidence of autoimmunity,cancer seeding,and other AEs.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement guided the review.Results:Data from 55 human clinical trials,abstracts,case reports,and unpublished data were analyzed,including 3323 patients treated with WATVs for various cancers.The primary outcomes were:(1)no documented cases of WATV-induced autoimmunity,(2)no documented cases of WATV-induced spreading or seeding of noninfectious cancers,and(3)the observed 0.24%(2/838)risk of spreading or seeding infectious cancers was attributed to inadequate sterilization.The secondary outcomes were:(1)no deaths were attributed to WATV therapy,(2)0.18%(6/3323)incidence of grade 4 AEs,(3)0.42%(14/3323)incidence of grade 3 AEs,(4)the incidence of grades 1-2 AEs was 52.21%(478/916).Conclusions:WATVs carry no risk of inducing autoimmunity and essentially no risk of cancer seeding if properly sterilized.WATVs also exhibit a side effect profile comparable to that of routine vaccinations,with common,mild,and transient adverse effects.The combined risk of grade 3 and 4 AEs was 0.60%(20/3323).No deaths were causally associated with WATV treatment.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%of cases.3 Other mutations are rare and have unknown clinical effects.Imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),is used as a first-line treatment and confers a median survival of up to 5 years in 70%-85%of patients with advanced GISTs.3 This response correlates with the tumor's mutational status.Exon 11 mutations are correlated with a good response,whereas mutations in exons 9,13,and 17 may result in variable responses to imatinib.Insufficient data regarding the response to imatinib in patients with mutations in the activation-loop domain encoded by exon 17 is available.This mutation is observed in 0.5%of all GISTs.11 Herein,we discuss the case of a patient with a GIST with a rare proto-oncogene c-KIT missense mutation in exon 17(c.2466T>A;Asn822Lys).The patient was treated for 3 months with imatinib,which yielded a partial response(PR).
