Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immun...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC),ranking as the third most common malignant tumor globally,continues to have high incidence and mortality rates.In China,the incidence of CRC has been increasing in recent years,imposing a heavy ...Colorectal cancer(CRC),ranking as the third most common malignant tumor globally,continues to have high incidence and mortality rates.In China,the incidence of CRC has been increasing in recent years,imposing a heavy economic burden on society[1].Low prevalence of early screening leads to the majority of patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage.Current main treatment methods,such as surgery,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,have limited effectiveness for these patients and are prone to recurrence and metastasis.Moreover,the interplay of various pathogenic factors including genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors increases the difficulty of CRC prevention and treatment[1].展开更多
Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiat...Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.展开更多
Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-...Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-derived substance P could induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells that overexpressed tachykinin receptors.Single-stranded RNAs(ssRNAs)leaking from dying cells subsequently interact with toll-like receptor 7(TLR7)on other cancer cells and finally promoted metastasis.This notable study displays a delicate loop between the nervous system and cancer and,more importantly,amplifies the conception of apoptosis-induced metastasis.Over the past years,a mass of breakthrough studies have proven the pivotal role of the nervous system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression thereby contributing to the creation of a new disciplinecancer neuroscience[1].Hanahan and Monje discussed in detail the interactions between the nervous system and tumors based on the theoretical framework of the cancer hallmarks,focused on nerve-mediated proliferation,angiogenesis,immune evasion,cell death resistance,and metastasis[2].展开更多
Background:Intratumoral flora and its metabolites play an important role in the occurrence,development and treatment of cancer,and are correlated with the genotype expression of breast cancer;However,the internal rela...Background:Intratumoral flora and its metabolites play an important role in the occurrence,development and treatment of cancer,and are correlated with the genotype expression of breast cancer;However,the internal relationship between intratumoral flora and triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)has not been elucidated.Methods:Fourteen patients with TNBC who met the criteria were included.The tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were respectively taken as the patient group and the control group.The 5R 16S sequencing technique was used to detect the abundance and distribution of the intratumoral flora between the two groups,and the differences between the groups were analyzed to find the bacteria with significant differences between groups(P<0.05).Results:The abundance of intratumoral microbiota in TNBC patients was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).The differential bacteria in TNBC tumors(P<0.05)included Acinetobacter,Renibacterium,Flavobacterium,Dechloromonas and others.The differential bacteria genera(P<0.05)in the adjacent tissues included Comamonas,Bacillus,Caulobacter,Afipia,Aerococcus,Roseomonas and so on.Conclusion:There is a significant difference in the flora structure between the tumor and normal tissues in TNBC patients.Proteobacteria plays an important role in the occurrence,development and treatment of TNBC.Among them,Acinetobacter may be the key reason for the metastasis of TNBC.展开更多
Multiple myeloma is a complex and challenging blood cancer,particularly in cases where the disease has relapsed or become resistant to treatment.These situations often have a significant impact on both patient surviva...Multiple myeloma is a complex and challenging blood cancer,particularly in cases where the disease has relapsed or become resistant to treatment.These situations often have a significant impact on both patient survival and quality of life.Over recent years,advances in precision medicine and translational medicine have brought about a shift in treatment strategies,moving toward more personalized and targeted approaches.This review highlights the latest developments in the management of refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma,focusing on the current state of precision diagnosis and treatment,the role of translational medicine,and potential future directions in research.By reviewing key studies and clinical trial data,we aim to offer fresh perspectives and strategies that could improve clinical outcomes.展开更多
Background:Liver cancer(LC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with current treatments often limited by suboptimal efficacy and adverse effects.Banxia Houpu Decoction(BHD),a traditional Chine...Background:Liver cancer(LC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with current treatments often limited by suboptimal efficacy and adverse effects.Banxia Houpu Decoction(BHD),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has demonstrated potential anti-tumor properties in clinical practice.However,its precise mechanisms against LC remain unclear.This study employs network pharmacology(NP)and molecular docking(MD)approaches to systematically identify BHD’s active components and their molecular targets,aiming to elucidate its anti-LC mechanisms and provide a scientific basis for further investigation.Methods:We utilized Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry alongside the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)to identify the constituents of BHD.We identified potential targets through the utilization of TCMSP,SwissTargetPrediction,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,and SuperPred Database.Targets linked to LC were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM,the Therapeutic Target Database,and DrugBank.A Venn diagram illustrated the intersection between component and disease targets,while a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was developed utilizing Cytoscape 3.9.1.Primary targets were discerned through the analysis of centrality metrics,including“Degree,”“Betweenness,”and“Closeness.”The study encompassed analyses of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways to clarify the biological roles and pathways associated with these proteins.The essential interactions between the active constituents of BHD and the principal LC targets were investigated through MD using AutoDock software.Results:We identified 34 active components in BHD.The PPI network revealed 212 interaction targets relevant to drug-disease correlations,emphasizing key proteins including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(EGFR),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),Steroid Receptor Coactivator(SRC),Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1(HSP90AA1),and AKT Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1(AKT1).The GO analysis revealed a total of 443 biological processes,94 cellular components,and 182 molecular functions.The KEGG analysis revealed a total of 169 pathways that are involved.The results from MD revealed that the majority of binding energies fell below−7 kcal/mol,indicating strong interactions between the active compounds and their target proteins.Conclusion:Evidence suggests that BHD effectively manages LC through a synergistic mechanism encompassing various components(Magnolol,Chrysoeriol,Cerevisterol,etc.),targets(EGFR,STAT3,SRC,HSP90AA1,AKT1,etc.),and pathways(PI3K-Akt,FoxO,and Ras signaling pathways,etc.).This analysis offers a comprehensive theoretical framework for further investigative and clinical exploration.展开更多
Background:Bladder cancer prognosis remains suboptimal despite advancements in research.Current molecular subtyping methods are resource-intensive,highlighting the need for efficient,cost-effective approaches to predi...Background:Bladder cancer prognosis remains suboptimal despite advancements in research.Current molecular subtyping methods are resource-intensive,highlighting the need for efficient,cost-effective approaches to predict BCa molecular subtypes.Method:We developed a predictive model for BCa molecular subtypes using machine learning(ML)and pathomics derived from Hematoxylin-Eosin stained pathological slides.A cohort of 353 patients from TCGA was employed,and image features were extracted for analysis.Pathomic signatures were constructed using the LASSO Cox regression algorithm,and a pathomic-clinical nomogram was developed and validated in training and testing cohorts.Results:Seventy distinct image features were identified from 150 pathomic signatures.The model demonstrated robust predictive ability,with AUCs of 0.833 and 0.822 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.The addition of pathomic score,N stage,and M stage improved the model’s discrimination,achieving AUCs of 0.877 and 0.794 in the training and validation cohorts.Limitations include the lack of an external validation cohort.Conclusion:Our ML-based pathomics model shows promise in predicting BCa molecular subtypes and has the potential to enhance prognosis prediction and inform treatment strategies,marking a significant step towards precision medicine for BCa.展开更多
Background:The nuclear receptor coactivator(NCOA)family,including NCOA1,NCOA2,and NCOA3,is critical in regulating gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors.These coact...Background:The nuclear receptor coactivator(NCOA)family,including NCOA1,NCOA2,and NCOA3,is critical in regulating gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors.These coactivators are implicated in various cancers,but their comprehensive roles across different cancer types remain poorly understood.Methods:We performed a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project.We assessed the differential expression,copy number variations,mutations,methylation status,tumor mutation burden,microsatellite instability,and immune cell infiltration associated with NCOA family members across various cancers.Differential expression analysis was conducted using the DESeq2 package.Methylation data were analyzed using the ChAMP package,and immune cell infiltration was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm.Results:NCOA1 and NCOA2 were predominantly downregulated in multiple cancers,suggesting potential tumor suppressor roles,whereas NCOA3 was largely upregulated,indicating a consistent oncogenic function.These expression patterns significantly correlated with patient prognosis.Frequent copy number variations,particularly gains,and high mutation rates were observed in NCOA2.NCOA3 demonstrated consistent hypomethylation in tumors,which was associated with increased gene expression.Significant correlations were found between NCOA expression and tumor mutation burden,microsatellite instability,and immune cell infiltration,indicating their involvement in genomic instability and immune modulation.Conclusion:This comprehensive analysis reveals significant alterations in the expression,genomic,and epigenetic profiles of NCOA family members across various cancers.The findings highlight the multifaceted roles of NCOA1,NCOA2,and NCOA3 in tumorigenesis and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the associations between NCOA expression,genomic alterations,and immune modulation to develop targeted cancer therapies.展开更多
The Ras/MAPK signaling cascade plays an essential role in the regulation of cellular processes,including proliferation,differentiation,and survival,serving as a pivotal intracellular communication network.Dysregulatio...The Ras/MAPK signaling cascade plays an essential role in the regulation of cellular processes,including proliferation,differentiation,and survival,serving as a pivotal intracellular communication network.Dysregulation of this pathway,frequently attributable to mutations within Ras genes,has been strongly associated with the development of a spectrum of cancers.This review underscores the pivotal role of the Ras/MAPK pathway in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression,briefing the intricate mechanisms through which the aberrant activation of this pathway leads to unbridled cell proliferation,inhibition of apoptosis,promotion of metastasis,and induction of angiogenesis,thereby providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of malignancies.It also underscores the significance of the Ras/MAPK pathway as a therapeutic target and discusses the challenges and potential of targeted therapies,including combination treatments and personalized medicine approaches,to overcome resistance and enhance treatment efficacy in cancers driven by pathway dysregulation.展开更多
Malassezia is one of the most common fungal genera inhabiting the human skin and mucosa.Previous studies have focused on the link between Malassezia and skin disorders.Recently,some evidence indicated that Malassezia ...Malassezia is one of the most common fungal genera inhabiting the human skin and mucosa.Previous studies have focused on the link between Malassezia and skin disorders.Recently,some evidence indicated that Malassezia showed potential associations with multiple types of cancer.Thus,this review aims to explore recent progress in understanding the potential role of Malassezia in the development and prognosis of cancer.Increased abundance of Malassezia has been identified in the oral microbiota,gut microbiota,and intratumoral microbiota of multiple types of cancer.Moreover,Malassezia promotes the development of cancer,especially pancreatic cancer.The potential mechanisms for Malassezia promoting cancer progression may be explained from the perspectives of genetic alterations,immune dysregulation,microbiota dysbiosis,and so on.However,current evidence supporting the relationship between Malassezia and cancer is still insufficient.More studies should be performed to reveal the role of Malassezia in cancer formation,diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.展开更多
Purpose: There is a significant rise in mortality rates from breast and cervical cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In Ghana, approximately 4482 women are diagnosed with these diseases at advanced stages. Un...Purpose: There is a significant rise in mortality rates from breast and cervical cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In Ghana, approximately 4482 women are diagnosed with these diseases at advanced stages. Unfortunately, the early detection rate for these cancers is low compared to other women’s health services. This situation underscores the need to identify the locations of reproductive-age women who have not been screened for these cancers, to implement targeted public health interventions. This study aims to pinpoint these women’s locations for tailored interventions. Method: Bivariate analysis assessed the relationship between the independent and outcome variables. Hot spot analysis and Kriging Ordinary interpolation were employed to pinpoint the locations of these women. Results: Breast cancer examination and cervical cancer test rates were low, with a strong association between the two screening services. Several significant variables were identified: place of residence (p Conclusion: Low participation in these screening services was related to women’s age and the outreach efforts of fieldworkers. Breast and cervical cancer screenings are interconnected and could be combined to improve attendance rates. The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) implementation strategy could be cost-effective for screening women through targeted interventions, especially in identified clusters.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast...Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast cancer, this particular study deals with the distribution, determinants, and frequency of the disease. Breast cancer incidence and death data are critical to determining healthcare priorities. Women’s cancer is the most common, accounting for 25.1 percent of all malignancies. According to this specific report, more than 42,000 women die from breast cancer each year. Hence, it is apparent that it is the second leading cause of death among women, especially in the US. Family history/genetics, reproductive, hormone, benign proliferative breast disease, and mammographic density are the four main risk factors for breast cancer that can be meaningfully categorized. These elements are briefly discussed, and the risk estimators are provided. Numerous screening technologies have found breast cancer;some are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, such as ultrasound techniques and MRI scanning. Breast cancer is more common in developed countries, while relative mortality is highest in developing countries. Women’s education is recommended for early detection and treatment in all nations. Health policymakers must prioritize plans to control and prevent this malignancy and increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.展开更多
Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of i...Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC has increased. To use these test results effectively, cascade genetic testing (CGT) is recommended for at-risk relatives;however, it is not yet widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of the general population to share genetic test results and undergo CGT, as well as to analyze the factors influencing these decisions. Based on these findings, the study aimed to identify the types of support needed to support the sharing of genetic test results and promote the use of CGT. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 500 participants (50 men and women from each of the five generations, ranging from 20 to 69 years). Results: Among the HBOC blood relatives, 51.2% wanted to share the genetic results and 71.9% expressed a willingness to undergo CGT. “Matters to be shared with relatives” and “Helpful for my cancer prevention” were identified as key factors promoting the willingness to share the BRCA genetic test results and undergo CGT. The motivation for “Helpful for my cancer prevention” had a particularly strong influence on the decision to undergo CGT. Conclusion: In the general population, there is an emerging understanding that the genetic information impacts not only the individuals but also their entire families and can be valuable for cancer prevention. To promote the sharing of BRCA genetic test results and CGT uptake, the healthcare providers should offer support tailored to each family’s circumstances and establish cancer prevention measures recommended for HBOC.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of biweekly administration of cisplatin and vinorelbine as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Thi...Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of biweekly administration of cisplatin and vinorelbine as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: This was a single-arm, single-institutional study. Patients with completely resected NSCLC (p-Stage IB-IIIA) with no previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy were eligible. Simon’s optimal two-stage design was applied. Both cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2) were given on days 1 and 15, every 28 days. The primary endpoint of this study was the feasibility of this combination in the four cycles of treatment. Results: Twenty patients (19 lobectomies and 1 pneumonectomy) were enrolled in this study. 10 (50%) of patients had grade 3/4 neutropenia, and 3 (15%) had grade 3/4 anemia. Severe non-hematologic toxicities were uncommon in this series. No treatment-related death was encountered. 18 (90%) patients completed the planned 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The median intensity was 24.3 (range 18.1 to 25) mg/m2/week with an average of 23.6 (21 - 25) mg/m2/week cisplatin and 12.5 (range 10 to 12.5) mg/m2/week with an average of 12.3 (10 - 12.5) mg/m2/week vinorelbine. The median relative dose intensity of cisplatin was 97.5% (range 72.5% to 100%) with an average of 94.6% (72.5% - 100%) and that of vinorelbine was 100% (range 80% to 100%) with an average of 97.8% (80% - 100%). Conclusion: This regimen is feasible in the treatment of patients with completely resected NSCLC. A phase III trial is warranted to assess the efficacy of this regimen at promoting survival and preventing recurrence.展开更多
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in America, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. The progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a cytochrome b5 related protein that bind...Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in America, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. The progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a cytochrome b5 related protein that binds heme and is associated with signaling, apoptotic suppression and autophagy. PGRMC1 is essential for tumor formation, invasion and metastasis, and is upregulated in breast, colon, lung and thyroid tumors. In the present study, we have analyzed PGRMC1 levels in over 600 tumor sections, including a larger cohort of lung tumors than in previous studies, and report the first clinical analysis of PGRMC1 levels in human oral cavity and ovarian tumors compared to corresponding nonmalignant tissues. PGRMC1 was highly expressed in lung and ovarian cancers and correlated with patient survival. PGRMC1 has been previously associated with drug resistance, a characteristic of cancer stem cells. The stem cell theory proposes that a subset of cancerous stem cells contribute to drug resistance and tumor maintenance, and PGRMC1 was detected in lung-tumor derived stem cells. Drug treatment with a PGRMC1 inhibitor, AG-205, triggered stem cell death whereas treatment with erlotinib and the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, did not, suggesting a specific role for PGRMC1 in cancer stem cell viability. Together, our data demonstrate PGRMC1 as a potential tumor biomarker across a variety of tumors, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells.展开更多
The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is frequently seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT), usually the identification is accidental. The overall prevalence of malignancy is relatively low but identifica...The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is frequently seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT), usually the identification is accidental. The overall prevalence of malignancy is relatively low but identification of malignancy of nodule is of prime importance. There are different characters of nodules indicating malignancy, and also the exposure of person to risk factors increases the chances of malignancy of nodule. Chances of malignancy rise with increasing size, the irregular, lobulated border of the nodules is highly associated with higher probability of malignancy and nodules with pure ground grass appearance have higher probability of malignancy, irregularly marginated nodule displaying a corona radiata sign indicating neoplastic infiltration with distortion of neighbouring tissue is almost certainly a malignant nodule. Stippled, punctuate, and eccentric calcifications are suggestive of malignancy. There are 20% - 75% of chances of malignancy if nodule is appeared with ground-glass opacity. Malignant nodules have higher growth rate as compared with benign nodules, malignant nodules usually have doubling time (DT) of 30 - 400 days while DT of more than 450 days is sign of benignity whereas doubling time less than 30 days is usually acute infectious process. The presence of fat within nodule is sign of benignity. Increasing density of the nodule is suggestive of malignancy and requires shorter follow up. Besides the nodule evaluation the chances of malignancy can also be evaluated through the exposure of patient to risk factors like age, current and past smoking status and history of extra thoracic malignancy. The management depends upon various factors mainly three strategies are applied for management including careful observation of nodule, use of diagnostic techniques like CT FNA, PET, and broncoscopy and surgery.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, as well as in Cameroon, where it represents about 20.1% of all cancers recorded in 2020. The number of pathologists in the country is as few as seven f...Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, as well as in Cameroon, where it represents about 20.1% of all cancers recorded in 2020. The number of pathologists in the country is as few as seven for a population of about 26 million. The diagnostic performances of diagnostic modalities other than histology—clinical breast examination (CBE), imaging and fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNA)—in our context are not known. Study Objectives: Our objectives were to estimate the proportions of cases managed with mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA and to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CBE, mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA;using histology as reference. Study Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical, and was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. It lasted twelve months, April 2015 through March 2016 and covered the period January 2010 to February 2016. Using histology as reference, we calculated measures of diagnostic accuracy for all four modalities using the statistical methods of Galen and Gambino. Results: We recruited 107 cases, 105 females (98.1%) and 02 males. We had 112 breast lumps, 106 malignant (94.6%) and 6 benign. The mean lump size was 61.1 mm. The most frequently used diagnostic tool after CBE was FNA (49.1%), while the diagnostic accuracies were 76.8%, 79.1%, 82.9%, and 82.0% for CBE, breast US, mammography and FNA. Conclusion: The four baseline diagnostic modalities for breast cancer are used sub-optimally and FNA appears to be the most commonly used in our setting after CBE. We recommend that FNA should be considered for diagnosis as appropriate but a negative result should not stop the quest for histological elimination of presence of malignancy.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cell...Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents and it is expressed in normal tissues at variable levels in different cell types. CDH1 plays a critical role for establishment and maintenance of polarity and differentiation of epithelium during the development period. Also, it plays an important role in signal transduction, differentiation, gene expression, cellmotility and inflammations. Methods: In this study the promoter methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 gene which are associated with breast cancer were investigated by technique of Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis (MS-HRM). We analysed primary tumor core biopsies from 80 high-risk primary breast cancer patients (tumors ≥ 2 cm and/or lymphatic metastase and/or distant metastases and/or under 40 years). Also the patients’ histopathologic types were associated with the methylation levels. Results: In our study the promoter hypermethylation status was observed at different rates;GSTP1 and CDH1 hypermethylation frequencies were 82% and 95% respectively. The promoter hypermethylation levels of the genes were found to be significant with lymph node positivity, ER positivity and HER2/neu negativity. Conclusion: Our study is important as being the first study that analyzes association between histopathologic type and GSTP1 and CDH1 gene promotor methylation status in Turkish population.展开更多
Introduction: A seroma is the commonest complication of breast cancer surgery, and although its consequences most often cause no more than discomfort and anxiety, more important sequelae include flap necrosis and woun...Introduction: A seroma is the commonest complication of breast cancer surgery, and although its consequences most often cause no more than discomfort and anxiety, more important sequelae include flap necrosis and wound breakdown. Infection developing within seroma increases morbidity and often results in the need for re-admission, re-imaging, drainage and antibiotic usage. Numerous methods to reduce post-mastectomy seroma formation have been tried with no consistent success. Methods: 24 consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy and axillary clearance were recruited before and after a departmental change in practice. At the point of skin closure, patients either underwent “axillary exclusion” or not. Total drain outputs were recorded by community district nursing staff for all patients. At the first post-operative visit, the presence and severity of seroma was recorded. Results: 24 patients were included (study group 14, control group 10). Age, size of tumour, and number of positive lymph nodes and laterality were comparable between groups. Mean drain output for the entire group was 471 ml (3 - 1030 ml) over 5.21 days. The control group had a drain output of 763.5 ml (95%CI 674.2 - 852.8) while the study group had a mean drainage of 262.2 ml (95%CI 161.9 - 362.5), a reduction of over 65%, p < 0.001. 15 (62.5%) out of 24 patients developed seroma. 42.9% of the study group and 90% of the control group developed seroma, p < 0.01. Conclusion: Seromas are a common complication following mastectomy and axillary clearance. Our technique of axillary exclusion has resulted in significantly reduced drainage volumes and fewer seromas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82573045,82460602,82560459)the Hainan Provincial Graduate Student Innovative Research Project(No.Qhys2024-440).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC),ranking as the third most common malignant tumor globally,continues to have high incidence and mortality rates.In China,the incidence of CRC has been increasing in recent years,imposing a heavy economic burden on society[1].Low prevalence of early screening leads to the majority of patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage.Current main treatment methods,such as surgery,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,have limited effectiveness for these patients and are prone to recurrence and metastasis.Moreover,the interplay of various pathogenic factors including genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors increases the difficulty of CRC prevention and treatment[1].
基金supported by High-level talent introduction funds from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.
文摘Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.
文摘Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-derived substance P could induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells that overexpressed tachykinin receptors.Single-stranded RNAs(ssRNAs)leaking from dying cells subsequently interact with toll-like receptor 7(TLR7)on other cancer cells and finally promoted metastasis.This notable study displays a delicate loop between the nervous system and cancer and,more importantly,amplifies the conception of apoptosis-induced metastasis.Over the past years,a mass of breakthrough studies have proven the pivotal role of the nervous system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression thereby contributing to the creation of a new disciplinecancer neuroscience[1].Hanahan and Monje discussed in detail the interactions between the nervous system and tumors based on the theoretical framework of the cancer hallmarks,focused on nerve-mediated proliferation,angiogenesis,immune evasion,cell death resistance,and metastasis[2].
基金Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Young Talents Fund Project of Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Scienese and Technology Project(2022ZQ015).
文摘Background:Intratumoral flora and its metabolites play an important role in the occurrence,development and treatment of cancer,and are correlated with the genotype expression of breast cancer;However,the internal relationship between intratumoral flora and triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)has not been elucidated.Methods:Fourteen patients with TNBC who met the criteria were included.The tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were respectively taken as the patient group and the control group.The 5R 16S sequencing technique was used to detect the abundance and distribution of the intratumoral flora between the two groups,and the differences between the groups were analyzed to find the bacteria with significant differences between groups(P<0.05).Results:The abundance of intratumoral microbiota in TNBC patients was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).The differential bacteria in TNBC tumors(P<0.05)included Acinetobacter,Renibacterium,Flavobacterium,Dechloromonas and others.The differential bacteria genera(P<0.05)in the adjacent tissues included Comamonas,Bacillus,Caulobacter,Afipia,Aerococcus,Roseomonas and so on.Conclusion:There is a significant difference in the flora structure between the tumor and normal tissues in TNBC patients.Proteobacteria plays an important role in the occurrence,development and treatment of TNBC.Among them,Acinetobacter may be the key reason for the metastasis of TNBC.
基金supported by grants from the 925th Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2023-3 and 2024-2/3).
文摘Multiple myeloma is a complex and challenging blood cancer,particularly in cases where the disease has relapsed or become resistant to treatment.These situations often have a significant impact on both patient survival and quality of life.Over recent years,advances in precision medicine and translational medicine have brought about a shift in treatment strategies,moving toward more personalized and targeted approaches.This review highlights the latest developments in the management of refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma,focusing on the current state of precision diagnosis and treatment,the role of translational medicine,and potential future directions in research.By reviewing key studies and clinical trial data,we aim to offer fresh perspectives and strategies that could improve clinical outcomes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204250)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693961)+2 种基金the Young and Middle-Aged Talent Project of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.Q20222808)High-level Talent Research Initiation Fund Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(No.0004010)the Hunan Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2025JJ20098).
文摘Background:Liver cancer(LC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with current treatments often limited by suboptimal efficacy and adverse effects.Banxia Houpu Decoction(BHD),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has demonstrated potential anti-tumor properties in clinical practice.However,its precise mechanisms against LC remain unclear.This study employs network pharmacology(NP)and molecular docking(MD)approaches to systematically identify BHD’s active components and their molecular targets,aiming to elucidate its anti-LC mechanisms and provide a scientific basis for further investigation.Methods:We utilized Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry alongside the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)to identify the constituents of BHD.We identified potential targets through the utilization of TCMSP,SwissTargetPrediction,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,and SuperPred Database.Targets linked to LC were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM,the Therapeutic Target Database,and DrugBank.A Venn diagram illustrated the intersection between component and disease targets,while a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was developed utilizing Cytoscape 3.9.1.Primary targets were discerned through the analysis of centrality metrics,including“Degree,”“Betweenness,”and“Closeness.”The study encompassed analyses of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways to clarify the biological roles and pathways associated with these proteins.The essential interactions between the active constituents of BHD and the principal LC targets were investigated through MD using AutoDock software.Results:We identified 34 active components in BHD.The PPI network revealed 212 interaction targets relevant to drug-disease correlations,emphasizing key proteins including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(EGFR),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),Steroid Receptor Coactivator(SRC),Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1(HSP90AA1),and AKT Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1(AKT1).The GO analysis revealed a total of 443 biological processes,94 cellular components,and 182 molecular functions.The KEGG analysis revealed a total of 169 pathways that are involved.The results from MD revealed that the majority of binding energies fell below−7 kcal/mol,indicating strong interactions between the active compounds and their target proteins.Conclusion:Evidence suggests that BHD effectively manages LC through a synergistic mechanism encompassing various components(Magnolol,Chrysoeriol,Cerevisterol,etc.),targets(EGFR,STAT3,SRC,HSP90AA1,AKT1,etc.),and pathways(PI3K-Akt,FoxO,and Ras signaling pathways,etc.).This analysis offers a comprehensive theoretical framework for further investigative and clinical exploration.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Municipal Basic Research Program Jointly Funded by City,University,and Enterprise Special Project(2024A03J0907)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515013201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82203720,82203188,82002682,81972731,81773026,81972383)the Science and Technology Project of Zhongshan Municipality(No.2024B1032).
文摘Background:Bladder cancer prognosis remains suboptimal despite advancements in research.Current molecular subtyping methods are resource-intensive,highlighting the need for efficient,cost-effective approaches to predict BCa molecular subtypes.Method:We developed a predictive model for BCa molecular subtypes using machine learning(ML)and pathomics derived from Hematoxylin-Eosin stained pathological slides.A cohort of 353 patients from TCGA was employed,and image features were extracted for analysis.Pathomic signatures were constructed using the LASSO Cox regression algorithm,and a pathomic-clinical nomogram was developed and validated in training and testing cohorts.Results:Seventy distinct image features were identified from 150 pathomic signatures.The model demonstrated robust predictive ability,with AUCs of 0.833 and 0.822 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.The addition of pathomic score,N stage,and M stage improved the model’s discrimination,achieving AUCs of 0.877 and 0.794 in the training and validation cohorts.Limitations include the lack of an external validation cohort.Conclusion:Our ML-based pathomics model shows promise in predicting BCa molecular subtypes and has the potential to enhance prognosis prediction and inform treatment strategies,marking a significant step towards precision medicine for BCa.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant No.2022QN106).
文摘Background:The nuclear receptor coactivator(NCOA)family,including NCOA1,NCOA2,and NCOA3,is critical in regulating gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors.These coactivators are implicated in various cancers,but their comprehensive roles across different cancer types remain poorly understood.Methods:We performed a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project.We assessed the differential expression,copy number variations,mutations,methylation status,tumor mutation burden,microsatellite instability,and immune cell infiltration associated with NCOA family members across various cancers.Differential expression analysis was conducted using the DESeq2 package.Methylation data were analyzed using the ChAMP package,and immune cell infiltration was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm.Results:NCOA1 and NCOA2 were predominantly downregulated in multiple cancers,suggesting potential tumor suppressor roles,whereas NCOA3 was largely upregulated,indicating a consistent oncogenic function.These expression patterns significantly correlated with patient prognosis.Frequent copy number variations,particularly gains,and high mutation rates were observed in NCOA2.NCOA3 demonstrated consistent hypomethylation in tumors,which was associated with increased gene expression.Significant correlations were found between NCOA expression and tumor mutation burden,microsatellite instability,and immune cell infiltration,indicating their involvement in genomic instability and immune modulation.Conclusion:This comprehensive analysis reveals significant alterations in the expression,genomic,and epigenetic profiles of NCOA family members across various cancers.The findings highlight the multifaceted roles of NCOA1,NCOA2,and NCOA3 in tumorigenesis and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the associations between NCOA expression,genomic alterations,and immune modulation to develop targeted cancer therapies.
基金supported by the Sichuan Outstanding Youth Fund Project(23NSFJQ0099)the Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2024-YF05-02599-SN).
文摘The Ras/MAPK signaling cascade plays an essential role in the regulation of cellular processes,including proliferation,differentiation,and survival,serving as a pivotal intracellular communication network.Dysregulation of this pathway,frequently attributable to mutations within Ras genes,has been strongly associated with the development of a spectrum of cancers.This review underscores the pivotal role of the Ras/MAPK pathway in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression,briefing the intricate mechanisms through which the aberrant activation of this pathway leads to unbridled cell proliferation,inhibition of apoptosis,promotion of metastasis,and induction of angiogenesis,thereby providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of malignancies.It also underscores the significance of the Ras/MAPK pathway as a therapeutic target and discusses the challenges and potential of targeted therapies,including combination treatments and personalized medicine approaches,to overcome resistance and enhance treatment efficacy in cancers driven by pathway dysregulation.
基金supported by the Shanxi Science and Technology Department(202403021222217).
文摘Malassezia is one of the most common fungal genera inhabiting the human skin and mucosa.Previous studies have focused on the link between Malassezia and skin disorders.Recently,some evidence indicated that Malassezia showed potential associations with multiple types of cancer.Thus,this review aims to explore recent progress in understanding the potential role of Malassezia in the development and prognosis of cancer.Increased abundance of Malassezia has been identified in the oral microbiota,gut microbiota,and intratumoral microbiota of multiple types of cancer.Moreover,Malassezia promotes the development of cancer,especially pancreatic cancer.The potential mechanisms for Malassezia promoting cancer progression may be explained from the perspectives of genetic alterations,immune dysregulation,microbiota dysbiosis,and so on.However,current evidence supporting the relationship between Malassezia and cancer is still insufficient.More studies should be performed to reveal the role of Malassezia in cancer formation,diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.
文摘Purpose: There is a significant rise in mortality rates from breast and cervical cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In Ghana, approximately 4482 women are diagnosed with these diseases at advanced stages. Unfortunately, the early detection rate for these cancers is low compared to other women’s health services. This situation underscores the need to identify the locations of reproductive-age women who have not been screened for these cancers, to implement targeted public health interventions. This study aims to pinpoint these women’s locations for tailored interventions. Method: Bivariate analysis assessed the relationship between the independent and outcome variables. Hot spot analysis and Kriging Ordinary interpolation were employed to pinpoint the locations of these women. Results: Breast cancer examination and cervical cancer test rates were low, with a strong association between the two screening services. Several significant variables were identified: place of residence (p Conclusion: Low participation in these screening services was related to women’s age and the outreach efforts of fieldworkers. Breast and cervical cancer screenings are interconnected and could be combined to improve attendance rates. The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) implementation strategy could be cost-effective for screening women through targeted interventions, especially in identified clusters.
文摘Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast cancer, this particular study deals with the distribution, determinants, and frequency of the disease. Breast cancer incidence and death data are critical to determining healthcare priorities. Women’s cancer is the most common, accounting for 25.1 percent of all malignancies. According to this specific report, more than 42,000 women die from breast cancer each year. Hence, it is apparent that it is the second leading cause of death among women, especially in the US. Family history/genetics, reproductive, hormone, benign proliferative breast disease, and mammographic density are the four main risk factors for breast cancer that can be meaningfully categorized. These elements are briefly discussed, and the risk estimators are provided. Numerous screening technologies have found breast cancer;some are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, such as ultrasound techniques and MRI scanning. Breast cancer is more common in developed countries, while relative mortality is highest in developing countries. Women’s education is recommended for early detection and treatment in all nations. Health policymakers must prioritize plans to control and prevent this malignancy and increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.
文摘Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC has increased. To use these test results effectively, cascade genetic testing (CGT) is recommended for at-risk relatives;however, it is not yet widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of the general population to share genetic test results and undergo CGT, as well as to analyze the factors influencing these decisions. Based on these findings, the study aimed to identify the types of support needed to support the sharing of genetic test results and promote the use of CGT. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 500 participants (50 men and women from each of the five generations, ranging from 20 to 69 years). Results: Among the HBOC blood relatives, 51.2% wanted to share the genetic results and 71.9% expressed a willingness to undergo CGT. “Matters to be shared with relatives” and “Helpful for my cancer prevention” were identified as key factors promoting the willingness to share the BRCA genetic test results and undergo CGT. The motivation for “Helpful for my cancer prevention” had a particularly strong influence on the decision to undergo CGT. Conclusion: In the general population, there is an emerging understanding that the genetic information impacts not only the individuals but also their entire families and can be valuable for cancer prevention. To promote the sharing of BRCA genetic test results and CGT uptake, the healthcare providers should offer support tailored to each family’s circumstances and establish cancer prevention measures recommended for HBOC.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of biweekly administration of cisplatin and vinorelbine as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: This was a single-arm, single-institutional study. Patients with completely resected NSCLC (p-Stage IB-IIIA) with no previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy were eligible. Simon’s optimal two-stage design was applied. Both cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2) were given on days 1 and 15, every 28 days. The primary endpoint of this study was the feasibility of this combination in the four cycles of treatment. Results: Twenty patients (19 lobectomies and 1 pneumonectomy) were enrolled in this study. 10 (50%) of patients had grade 3/4 neutropenia, and 3 (15%) had grade 3/4 anemia. Severe non-hematologic toxicities were uncommon in this series. No treatment-related death was encountered. 18 (90%) patients completed the planned 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The median intensity was 24.3 (range 18.1 to 25) mg/m2/week with an average of 23.6 (21 - 25) mg/m2/week cisplatin and 12.5 (range 10 to 12.5) mg/m2/week with an average of 12.3 (10 - 12.5) mg/m2/week vinorelbine. The median relative dose intensity of cisplatin was 97.5% (range 72.5% to 100%) with an average of 94.6% (72.5% - 100%) and that of vinorelbine was 100% (range 80% to 100%) with an average of 97.8% (80% - 100%). Conclusion: This regimen is feasible in the treatment of patients with completely resected NSCLC. A phase III trial is warranted to assess the efficacy of this regimen at promoting survival and preventing recurrence.
文摘Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in America, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. The progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a cytochrome b5 related protein that binds heme and is associated with signaling, apoptotic suppression and autophagy. PGRMC1 is essential for tumor formation, invasion and metastasis, and is upregulated in breast, colon, lung and thyroid tumors. In the present study, we have analyzed PGRMC1 levels in over 600 tumor sections, including a larger cohort of lung tumors than in previous studies, and report the first clinical analysis of PGRMC1 levels in human oral cavity and ovarian tumors compared to corresponding nonmalignant tissues. PGRMC1 was highly expressed in lung and ovarian cancers and correlated with patient survival. PGRMC1 has been previously associated with drug resistance, a characteristic of cancer stem cells. The stem cell theory proposes that a subset of cancerous stem cells contribute to drug resistance and tumor maintenance, and PGRMC1 was detected in lung-tumor derived stem cells. Drug treatment with a PGRMC1 inhibitor, AG-205, triggered stem cell death whereas treatment with erlotinib and the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, did not, suggesting a specific role for PGRMC1 in cancer stem cell viability. Together, our data demonstrate PGRMC1 as a potential tumor biomarker across a variety of tumors, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells.
文摘The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is frequently seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT), usually the identification is accidental. The overall prevalence of malignancy is relatively low but identification of malignancy of nodule is of prime importance. There are different characters of nodules indicating malignancy, and also the exposure of person to risk factors increases the chances of malignancy of nodule. Chances of malignancy rise with increasing size, the irregular, lobulated border of the nodules is highly associated with higher probability of malignancy and nodules with pure ground grass appearance have higher probability of malignancy, irregularly marginated nodule displaying a corona radiata sign indicating neoplastic infiltration with distortion of neighbouring tissue is almost certainly a malignant nodule. Stippled, punctuate, and eccentric calcifications are suggestive of malignancy. There are 20% - 75% of chances of malignancy if nodule is appeared with ground-glass opacity. Malignant nodules have higher growth rate as compared with benign nodules, malignant nodules usually have doubling time (DT) of 30 - 400 days while DT of more than 450 days is sign of benignity whereas doubling time less than 30 days is usually acute infectious process. The presence of fat within nodule is sign of benignity. Increasing density of the nodule is suggestive of malignancy and requires shorter follow up. Besides the nodule evaluation the chances of malignancy can also be evaluated through the exposure of patient to risk factors like age, current and past smoking status and history of extra thoracic malignancy. The management depends upon various factors mainly three strategies are applied for management including careful observation of nodule, use of diagnostic techniques like CT FNA, PET, and broncoscopy and surgery.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, as well as in Cameroon, where it represents about 20.1% of all cancers recorded in 2020. The number of pathologists in the country is as few as seven for a population of about 26 million. The diagnostic performances of diagnostic modalities other than histology—clinical breast examination (CBE), imaging and fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNA)—in our context are not known. Study Objectives: Our objectives were to estimate the proportions of cases managed with mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA and to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CBE, mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA;using histology as reference. Study Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical, and was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. It lasted twelve months, April 2015 through March 2016 and covered the period January 2010 to February 2016. Using histology as reference, we calculated measures of diagnostic accuracy for all four modalities using the statistical methods of Galen and Gambino. Results: We recruited 107 cases, 105 females (98.1%) and 02 males. We had 112 breast lumps, 106 malignant (94.6%) and 6 benign. The mean lump size was 61.1 mm. The most frequently used diagnostic tool after CBE was FNA (49.1%), while the diagnostic accuracies were 76.8%, 79.1%, 82.9%, and 82.0% for CBE, breast US, mammography and FNA. Conclusion: The four baseline diagnostic modalities for breast cancer are used sub-optimally and FNA appears to be the most commonly used in our setting after CBE. We recommend that FNA should be considered for diagnosis as appropriate but a negative result should not stop the quest for histological elimination of presence of malignancy.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents and it is expressed in normal tissues at variable levels in different cell types. CDH1 plays a critical role for establishment and maintenance of polarity and differentiation of epithelium during the development period. Also, it plays an important role in signal transduction, differentiation, gene expression, cellmotility and inflammations. Methods: In this study the promoter methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 gene which are associated with breast cancer were investigated by technique of Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis (MS-HRM). We analysed primary tumor core biopsies from 80 high-risk primary breast cancer patients (tumors ≥ 2 cm and/or lymphatic metastase and/or distant metastases and/or under 40 years). Also the patients’ histopathologic types were associated with the methylation levels. Results: In our study the promoter hypermethylation status was observed at different rates;GSTP1 and CDH1 hypermethylation frequencies were 82% and 95% respectively. The promoter hypermethylation levels of the genes were found to be significant with lymph node positivity, ER positivity and HER2/neu negativity. Conclusion: Our study is important as being the first study that analyzes association between histopathologic type and GSTP1 and CDH1 gene promotor methylation status in Turkish population.
文摘Introduction: A seroma is the commonest complication of breast cancer surgery, and although its consequences most often cause no more than discomfort and anxiety, more important sequelae include flap necrosis and wound breakdown. Infection developing within seroma increases morbidity and often results in the need for re-admission, re-imaging, drainage and antibiotic usage. Numerous methods to reduce post-mastectomy seroma formation have been tried with no consistent success. Methods: 24 consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy and axillary clearance were recruited before and after a departmental change in practice. At the point of skin closure, patients either underwent “axillary exclusion” or not. Total drain outputs were recorded by community district nursing staff for all patients. At the first post-operative visit, the presence and severity of seroma was recorded. Results: 24 patients were included (study group 14, control group 10). Age, size of tumour, and number of positive lymph nodes and laterality were comparable between groups. Mean drain output for the entire group was 471 ml (3 - 1030 ml) over 5.21 days. The control group had a drain output of 763.5 ml (95%CI 674.2 - 852.8) while the study group had a mean drainage of 262.2 ml (95%CI 161.9 - 362.5), a reduction of over 65%, p < 0.001. 15 (62.5%) out of 24 patients developed seroma. 42.9% of the study group and 90% of the control group developed seroma, p < 0.01. Conclusion: Seromas are a common complication following mastectomy and axillary clearance. Our technique of axillary exclusion has resulted in significantly reduced drainage volumes and fewer seromas.
