Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB applic...Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade.However,the potential benefits of MB are considerable,and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors.For instance,unknown physicochemical characteristics,outdated analytical techniques,and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application.This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques.These include surface area,porosity,alkalinity,pH,elemental composition,and functional groups.Furthermore,it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications.In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment,this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy,along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology.Overall,this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.展开更多
Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water qu...Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water quality improvement,and climate change mitigation,the potential risks associated with its use have often been overlooked.This oversight is critical,as the environmental fate of biochar is contingent upon understanding these risks.Once released into the environment,biochar can interact with environmental media,potentially releasing associated pollutants and threatening ecosystems.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the unintended environmental and health risks associated with biochar during its production and application to select appropriate types for sustainable development.This review was conducted by systematically analyzing and synthesizing relevant studies from Web of Science,focusing on recent advancements and key debates in the field.It categorizes biochar risks into endogenous and exogenous risks based on the source of pollutants carried by biochar.The review analyzes in detail the impacts of raw materials,preparation processes,and application scenarios on the unintended environmental risks of biochar.Furthermore,it provides a thorough overview of the adverse effects on animals,plants,microorganisms,and human health,elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant release,aging,and nano-effects from environmental geochemical processes involving biochar.Additionally,this review summarizes the environmental risk assessment methods of biochar,providing a reference for its safe application and the sustainable development of biochar-related research.展开更多
Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-02...Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00408-0 Following publication of the original article(Sanei et al.2025),it is reported that Fig.1 was incorrect,in which the grey line in the figure was mistakenly moved above the blue dots.The mistake was caused by production during the figure’s conversion process.Incorrect Fig.1.展开更多
Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the deve...Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable remediation materials.This review highlights the environmental merits of biochar-based materials in uranium decontamination,focusing on the diverse applications of modification techniques for enhancing the properties of pristine biochar.By analyzing over 110 relevant studies,the review demonstrates that biochar derived from various biomass sources,with proper modification,could exhibit high adsorption capacities for immobilising uranium in aqueous and soil environments.The primary removal mechanisms identified include physical adsorption and chemical reduction.These works indicate that biochar,produced from green feedstocks and featuring superior reusability,represents a cost-effective,sustainable solution for uranium remediation.Moreover,its application aligns with carbon sequestration and waste valorization,supporting sustainable development goals.Looking ahead,the engineering performance-oriented biochar materials with tailored physicochemical properties hold significant promise for addressing uranium contamination challenges.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of biochar-based materials as a green alternative for uranium remediation and offers valuable insights into advanced material modification strategies to enhance reactivity and effectiveness.展开更多
Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)ht...Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00375-6 Following publication of the original article(Hylton et al.2024),the authors reported that one column of data in Table 12 was submitted with wrong values.Table 12 is changed from.展开更多
This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorgan...This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorganisms and their EPS play pivotal roles in biofilm formation,enhancing microbial resistance to environmental stress,and facilitating pollutant degradation.Biochar,derived from biomass pyrolysis,provides a porous structure that offers a habitat for microorganisms and is an efficient adsorbent for organic pollutants.The synergistic effects of microbial−EPS−biochar interactions improve pollutant removal capacity and soil fertility.The review highlights four fundamental mechanisms of these interactions:adhesion and interfacial processes,shelter and nutrient transfer,signaling,bioregulation,and microbial electron transfer with biochar.Integrating biochar with microbial systems has demonstrated potential in treating heavy metals(HM)and organic pollutants and enhancing soil properties.However,the review also identifies gaps in knowledge,and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the long-term effects of biochar on microbial communities and EPS and to optimize the application of these interactions for sustainable environmental management.展开更多
Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water rem...Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.展开更多
Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface rema...Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface remains unclear.Herein,we conducted three types of paddy soil incubations with phosphorus/iron-doped biochar to explore the underlying factors and processes controlling Cd and carbon transformation under redox conditions.Upon flooding,lower soil redox potential resulted in soluble and extractable Cd transformed into Fe/Mn-bound fraction,coinciding with elevated CO_(2)and CH_(4)fluxes.During subsequent drainage,soil pH decrease caused associated Cd transformed back into exchangeable fraction,coupled with cumulative CO_(2)dropped.Both porewater and sequential extraction results revealed that the remobilization of Cd and carbon during redox fluctuations is largely related to Fe/Mn(hydr)oxide-induced effects.Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques determined that the organo-mineral(e.g.,aliphatic C and Fe–O/Si–O groups)interactions are of crucial importance in influencing Cd and carbon distribution patterns on soil microaggregates.Further sequencing and correlation analyses vertified that this biochar facilitated simultaneous Cd and carbon retention via altering soil biogeochemistry,especially redox-controlled abiotic and microbial transformation processes.Overall,these findings shed light on the interactive effects of Cd and carbon mitigation with biochar amendment for redox paddy environments.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment a...Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community in continuously cropped sugarcane remain unclear.A five-year field experiment was conducted with two treatments:basal fertilizer(BF)and basal fertilizer combined with biochar(BF-BC).After fertilization in the first year,and with no additional fertilizers applied in the subsequent years,relevant indicators at the end of the 5-year period were measured.The results showed that,compared with the control BF treatment,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased sugarcane plant height,stem diameter,and leaf nitrogen balance index(NBI)by 10.81%,25.79%,and 33.90%,respectively,and resulted in significant reductions in total root volume and average root diameter by 31.06%and 21.53%(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the rhizosphere soil pH and total potassium(TK)content increased significantly by 17.74%and 79.21%,whereas soil organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),total phosphorus(TP),available potassium(AK),and exchangeable calcium ions(E.Ca^(2+))decreased significantly by 37.67%,39.64%,21.20%,47.29%,and 12.11%,respectively(P<0.05).Despite receiving no additional fertilization following the initial application,the BF-BC treatment still exhibited significant advantages in promoting sugarcane fine root growth,enhancing rhizosphere soil carbon sequestration,and improving fertilizer use efficiency.Additionally,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria such as Leptospirillum,Terrimonas,Actinobacteriota,Sphingobacteriia,Chitinophaga,Cyanobacteriia,and Lechevalieria(P<0.05).Furthermore,the differentially expressed metabolites in the sugarcane rhizosphere were significantly enriched in major metabolic pathways,including steroids and steroid derivatives,fatty acyl groups,purine nucleotides,imidazole pyrimidines,sphingolipids,organic oxygen compounds,indoles and their derivatives,carboxylic acids and derivatives,and benzodioxoles.Importantly,the BF-BC treatment effectively reduced CO_(2)emissions from the soil.In conclusion,the sugarcane root system,surrounding soil,and microorganisms form a complex,interconnected symbiotic ecological network.Thus,even after five years without fertilization,reduced nitrogen combined with biochar application still positively influenced sugarcane root and aboveground biomass growth.This finding suggests that biochar co-application enhances long-term soil fertility.This study provides a reference for fertilization practices and soil improvement in the cultivation of sugarcane and other crops.展开更多
Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,ke...Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,key components of the widely distributed Calvin cycle,and combined this with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RubisCO)enzyme activity assays and high-throughput sequencing of cbbL-and cbbM-harboring microbial communities to investigate the carbon fixation potential,activity,and community structure under biochar application in paddy and upland soils.Results showed that cbbL consistently dominated over cbbM in both paddy and upland soils,with higher abundances in paddy soils,driven by biochar amendment,rice growth stage,and rhizosphere effects.The rhizosphere acted as a hotspot for cbbL and cbbM genes and RubisCO activity in paddy soil.In upland soils,nitrogen availability(NH_(₄)^(+),dissolved organic nitrogen-DON),microbial biomass carbon,and labile carbon and nitrogen pools(dissolved organic carbon,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase)were consistently associated with cbbL abundance,underscoring their ecological role in soil CO_(2)fixation.In paddy soils,inorganic nitrogen(NH_(₄)^(+),NO_(3)^(⁻),NO_(2)^(⁻)),redox potential(Eh),and urease activity were the main predictors of cbbL abundance and the cbbL/16S ratio,while pH and nitrogen availability(NO_(2)^(⁻),DON)was mostly associated with cbbM/16S ratio.Biochar was the primary driver reshaping the structure of autotrophic microbial communities harboring cbbL and cbbM genes across different soil compartments,including surface soil,rhizosphere,and bulk soil.Pseudomonadota,Cyanobacteriota,Actinomycetota and Chloroflexota were dominant cbbL carriers,while Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota and Myxococcota predominated in cbbM assemblages across soils.Biochar induced functional differentiation of facultative autotrophic taxa under different RubisCO forms by enhancing the abundance of Rhodopseudomonas in cbbM-bearing communities while decreasing it in cbbL-bearing ones.Furthermore,Calvin cycle-mediated CO_(2)fixation was found to couple with pathways including methylotrophy,methanotrophy,iron oxidation and respiration,nitrogen fixation and reduction,and arsenate reduction and detoxification.Collectively,the results of this study emphasize the importance of soil type,micro-environmental conditions,nitrogen status and the impact of biochar in shaping microbial carbon assimilation via the Calvin cycle pathway and the cbbL and cbbM-harboring microbial community.展开更多
To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of...To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.展开更多
Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opp...Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opportunity to further enhance this benefit and upscale practice.In this field study,the effect of a 5-vol.%addition of wood-based biochar to a green roof substrate is evaluated with respect to a water balance(reduced runoff,increased evapotranspiration,increased plant available water)and hydrophysical properties.Substrate,with and without biochar amendment,was used in different green roof sections.Laboratory hydrophysical analysis,in-situ Volumetric Water Content and meteorological measurements,alongside vegetation monitoring,enabled the development of a 1D Hydrus water balance model and revealed differences between both of the surveyed green roofs.The study demonstrated that the addition of biochar to the substrate improved its hydrophysical properties,leading to increased water retention(7.7%increase in maximum water capacity)and enhanced vegetation growth The biochar amendment resulted in the minor changes in grain size distribution(increase in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm fraction)and increased substrate moisture,which is related to an increase in the plant-available water content(14.2%).This was observable in the retention curves and resulted in an increased moisture availability for plants,leading to an increase in vegetation cover in areas with biochar.The numerical analysis using Hydrus-1D soil hydraulic model showed that the inclusion of biochar in the substrate resulted in a 23.5%increase in evapotranspiration and a 54.7%decrease in runoff.These findings suggest that the addition of biochar to the green roof substrate could enhance the system’s capacity to retain water,reduce runoff and bulk density,and increase the amount of water available for plant growth.The study provides evidence for the potential of wood-based biochar as a sustainable and effective addition to green roof substrates,contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban environments.展开更多
Although the immediate benefits of biochar in enhancing nitrogen cycling and crop productivity are well documented,its residual effects across different biochar types and irrigation regimes over successive growing sea...Although the immediate benefits of biochar in enhancing nitrogen cycling and crop productivity are well documented,its residual effects across different biochar types and irrigation regimes over successive growing seasons have not been fully elucidated.Here,we assessed the residual effects of softwood(SWB)and wheat-straw(WSB)biochar on soil–plant nitrogen(N)dynamics and maize(Zea mays L.)productivity over two growing seasons following a onetime application.Experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 under full(FI),deficit(DI),and alternate partial rootzone drying(APRI)irrigation.In both years,despite limited changes in water consumption and total N uptake,WSBAPRI combination improved total dry biomass(+13.5%),harvest index(+4.4%),water use efficiency(+26.7%),and N use efficiency(+10.3%).These improvements were linked to enhanced microbial activity(+26.8–51.2%)and soil N availability(+4.8–13.2%),which stimulated root growth(+7.4–22.7%)and N uptake(+7.0–17.8%)under water stress.However,under reduced irrigation in 2021,SWB markedly suppressed microbial respiration(−42.4%)and N availability(−29.2%),which in turn led to compromised crop performance,particularly under DI.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that microbial activity and root traits indirectly affected maize water and N use efficiency by influencing water consumption,N uptake,and biomass accumulation.Notably,excessive N uptake reduced N use efficiency,whereas biomass accumulation enhanced it.Considering the residual effects of biochar,APRI combined with WSB offers a promising approach to continuously enhance water-nitrogen coordination and maintain maize productivity under limited irrigation.展开更多
CO_(2)hydrogenation to methane is an interesting topic that can result in CO_(2)mitigation,providing a solution for global warming.Using a sustainable catalyst in that process will be considered as a plus point that m...CO_(2)hydrogenation to methane is an interesting topic that can result in CO_(2)mitigation,providing a solution for global warming.Using a sustainable catalyst in that process will be considered as a plus point that makes the whole system(material+application)an eco-friendly process.Therefore,scientists have focused on the biochar-supported catalysts used in the CO_(2)methanation.The use of cobalt(Co)catalysts supported on sugarcane bagasse biochar(SCBB)has not been investigated for the methanation of CO_(2).Therefore,this work investigated the Co/SCBB systems in the CO_(2)methanation with different Co loadings starting from 0.1 to 0.8 mmol_(Co-salt)/g_(SCB).In addition,the effect of Ce was studied,proving that Ce addition improved the catalytic activity significantly,as the catalyst 0.5Co-0.25Ce/SCBB showed the foremost conversion of CO_(2)(60%at 500℃)and the best selectivity of methane(80%at 430℃).This research lays the foundation for utilizing Ce to enhance the catalytic properties of various transition metals that can not offer high catalytic activity alone in the carbon dioxide methanation.展开更多
Soil erosion by water poses major environmental challenges to the European viticulture sector.Biochar is recognised as a sustainable tool for combating land degradation,but few studies on the effect of biochar on soil...Soil erosion by water poses major environmental challenges to the European viticulture sector.Biochar is recognised as a sustainable tool for combating land degradation,but few studies on the effect of biochar on soil erosion have been conducted in Mediterranean vineyards with hilly terrain and heavy rainfall.This study assesses the potential of biochar to support soil conservation by enhancing sponge function,i.e.water retention and infiltration,and reducing erodibility in sloping sandy loam soil under natural rainfall conditions.An 18-month outdoor box lysimeter experiment was conducted using bare soil,including soil amended with 4%(w/w)biochar from a Portuguese vineyard.Over the monitoring period,biochar application significantly(p<0.001)reduced the runoff coefficient by an average of 45%.Biochar reduced coarse fragment erosion by 67%,fine-earth erosion by 43%,and splash erosion by 34%,all affected(p<0.05)by rainfall intensity.The erosion rate in vineyard soil was 3 times lower(p<0.001)in biocharamended soil than in the control(3.7 vs.11.1 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Improved soil structure led to a 7%reduction in bulk density,an average increase of 73%in stored water,and a 28%increase in infiltration.During drier periods,the biocharamended soil stored 171–303%more water than the control soil.We recommend a minimum monitoring period of a full hydrological cycle under natural rainfall to comprehensively capture the effect of biochar on the soil sponge function.Observed seasonal trends and atmospheric river(AR)events suggest that studies using rainfall simulations without considering antecedent soil moisture and AR variations will yield skewed data on effects.From a practical standpoint,this study showed that biochar could be a sustainable soil management solution to enhancing long-term vineyard resilience and productivity in the Mediterranean.展开更多
Char amendment is an option to lower climatic impact of agricultural soils.However,their effect can vary depending on char and soil properties,vegetation type and their interactions.Nutrient poor and acidic soils of b...Char amendment is an option to lower climatic impact of agricultural soils.However,their effect can vary depending on char and soil properties,vegetation type and their interactions.Nutrient poor and acidic soils of boreal region could benefit from char amendment.We conducted a three-month long mesocosm study representing a typical boreal forage-legume grassland to understand the effects of char application on greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,soil organic carbon(SOC)pools and biomass yield.We examined biochar and hydrochar for changes in soil properties,gross nitrogen transformation rates,SOC and its fractions,biomass yield and all three major GHG fluxes.We assessed our results from two different perspectives;one,when chars were added at a uniform rate with fertilizer nitrogen(N)following the farmer’s practice and two,when chars were added based on the char C amount without fertilizer N.We show that only N_(2)O emissions(not CO_(2)and CH_(4))were affected when chars were added at a uniform rate with fertilizer N.Biochar increased N_(2)O emissions significantly compared to control whereas hydrochar restricted N_(2)O relative to control and lowered significantly compared to biochar treatments.Biochar with N amendment significantly increased gross NO_(3)−production(gross nitrification)and N_(2)O emissions,indicating a linkage between increased nitrifier activity and N_(2)O emissions.Hydrochar with N amendment showed lower gross nitrification rates and N_(2)O emissions,indicating a reduced nitrifier activity and N_(2)O emissions compared to biochar.Interestingly,hydrochar without N amendment showed lowest N_(2)O emissions with few N_(2)O uptake events and similar gross NO_(3)−consumption and production rates,hinting an enhanced soil N_(2)O reduction/sink mechanism,especially with actively photosynthesizing vegetation.Both chars increased soil particulate organic C(POC)significantly mainly owing to both chars themselves being carbon.The mineral associated organic C(MAOC)remained unaltered.Interestingly,we found significantly lower soil MAOC per unit of char C with biochar than with hydochar amendment,especially when endpoint soil MAOC was compared with initial soil MAOC.Our results suggest that destabilization of MAOC increased more with biochar than with hydrochar,especially with N fertilization and in the presence of actively photosynthesizing vegetation.This was further supported by a significantly greater rise in microbial biomass carbon with hydrochar than with biochar amendment.The total biomass yield remained unaffected.However,biochar with the applied N reduced the timothy grass yield compared to control,implying a reduced uptake of applied N by timothy.Our results shed light on the complex interactions among chars,soil,vegetation and N management.Therefore,future studies should focus on assessing the char amendment impacts including both plant and soil and at the whole agricultural field scale.Chars manufactured from diverse feedstocks need to be investigated for their impacts in diverse agricultural ecosystems,paving the way for their large-scale use.展开更多
Straw-derived biochar has a greater potential for carbon(C)sequestration than straw that is directly returned to the soils.An incubation experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different straw returning mo...Straw-derived biochar has a greater potential for carbon(C)sequestration than straw that is directly returned to the soils.An incubation experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different straw returning modes(straw and biochar)on soil organic C(SOC)sequestration and their underlying physical protection mechanisms.The^(13)C-labeled straw and biochar were applied at rates of 0.5%and 1%(w/w)to three typical upland soils collected from Yuzhong,Yangling,and Changwu(labeled as YZ,YL,and CW,respectively)on the Loess Plateau in China.Soil C fractions and isotopic C were measured,and the pore structure of macroaggregates was quantified using X-ray computed tomography(CT)and verified by 3D visualization images.Compared to the control(CK),the addition of straw biochar increased SOC contents more than straw in three soils,especially at higher rates.Only biochar improved particulate organic C(POC)contents,and the changes of mineral-associated organic C(MOC)contents differed with soil types.Soil potential C mineralization(PCM)and microbial biomass C(MBC)increased with the addition of straw rather than biochar,except for MBC in YZ soil.The contribution percentages and contents of^(13)C in SOC,POC,and MOC were higher with biochar addition than with straw addition,especially in YZ and YL soils.The total porosity and pore connectivity increased with straw addition in YL soil and with the 1%biochar application in CW soil.However,only isolated porosity increased in YZ soil.Meanwhile,the macropores increased while the mesopores and micropores showed decreasing trends in both YL and CW soils.Additionally,YL soil exhibited more pronounced positive correlations between pore structure and C fractions compared to the other two soils.These findings suggested that the sequestration of SOC was attributed to the improvements of POC and MOC by affecting soil pore structure in straw-and biochar-amended soils,respectively.Therefore,both the form of imported C and soil properties,such as the fertility and pore structure,should be comprehensively considered to fully optimize the potential for C sequestration in farmland soils.展开更多
Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals...Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals and pyrolysis temperature regulate the priming effects(PEs)of biochar on soil organic carbon has rarely been studied,relative microbial mechanisms especially the roles of soil bacteria are far from known.Therefore,a series of biochar was prepared by pyrolysis using(13)^C isotope labelled rice straw at temperatures of 300,500,and 700℃with vermiculite modification(VBC300,VBC500,VBC700)and without modification(BC300,BC500,BC700).Incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the PEs of different biochar on the native organic carbon of two types of soil.Results showed that BC300,VBC300,and BC500 induced positive PE,VBC500,BC700,and VBC700 mainly induced negative PE in red soil.All biochar showed negative PE in paddy soil,with PE intensity order of 500℃>700℃>300℃.Biochar caused a shift in the bacterial phyla from copiotrophic to oligotrophic bacteria in red soil,whereas it shifted from the coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic to copiotrophic in paddy soil over time.Biochar promoted the interaction among soil bacterial communities indicated by an increase in the edge number of bacterial networks.The correlation coefficient between PE and bacteria networks’edge number was 0.626 and 0.909 in red soil and paddy soil,respectively.Vermiculite modification weakened the promotion effect of biochar on bacterial community interaction and thus was beneficial for carbon sequestration,especially in red soil.VBC700 had excellent carbon sequestration potential in red soil,whereas that was VBC500 in paddy soil.展开更多
Peatlands are an important natural store of carbon(C).Drainage of lowland peatlands for agriculture and the subsequent loss of anaerobic conditions had turned these C stores into major emitters of greenhouse gases(GHG...Peatlands are an important natural store of carbon(C).Drainage of lowland peatlands for agriculture and the subsequent loss of anaerobic conditions had turned these C stores into major emitters of greenhouse gases(GHGs).Practical management strategies are needed to reduce these emissions,and ideally to reverse them to achieve net GHG removal(GGR).Here we show that a combination of enhanced C input as recalcitrant organic matter,CH_(4)suppression by addition of terminal electron acceptors,and suppression of decomposition by raising water levels has the potential to achieve GGR in agricultural peat.We measured GHG(CO_(2),N_(2)O,and CH_(4))fluxes for 1 year with intensive sampling(6 times within the first 56 days)followed by monthly sampling in outdoor mesocosms with high(0 cm)and low(−40 cm)water table treatments and five contrasting organic amendments(Miscanthus-derived biochar,Miscanthus chip,paper waste,biosolids,and barley straw)were applied to high water table cores,with and without iron sulphate(FeSO_(4)).Biochar produced the strongest net soil C gain,suppressing both peat decomposition and CH_(4)emissions.No other organic amendment generated similar GGR,due to higher decomposition and CH_(4)production.FeSO_(4)application further suppressed CO_(2)and CH_(4)release following biochar addition.While we did not account for life-cycle emissions of biochar production,or its longer-term stability,our results suggest that biochar addition to re-wetted peatlands could be an effective climate mitigation strategy.展开更多
The impact of field aged biochar(FABC)on the adsorption kinetics and transport behavior of weakly hydrophobic antibiotics in soil is scarcely discussed.This study investigated the impact of FABC on weakly hydrophobic ...The impact of field aged biochar(FABC)on the adsorption kinetics and transport behavior of weakly hydrophobic antibiotics in soil is scarcely discussed.This study investigated the impact of FABC on weakly hydrophobic antibiotics(sulfadiazine,SD and florfenicol,FF)transport in purple soil by comparing fresh biochar(FBC),one-year aged biochar(ABC1),and five-year aged biochar(ABC5).Through batch adsorption,soil column experiments,and Hydrus 1D modeling,this study examined the evolution of physicochemical properties of biochar,their effects on soil porosity and dispersion,and antibiotic adsorption.Results showed that aging significantly altered biochar characteristics,with carbon(C)content decreasing by 10.40%while oxygen(O)content increased by 40.52%.ABC1 demonstrated optimal performance with a 99.28%increase in specific surface area(SSA)and enhanced oxygen-containing functional groups,leading to maximum antibiotic retention rates of 16.57%for SD and 24.78%for FF.Although ABC5 showed decreased SSA and adsorption capacity,it maintained stable remediation effects through enhanced biochar–soil interactions,as evidenced by increased dispersivity(λ)and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient(D).The two-site chemical nonequilibrium model(TSM)revealed that the fraction of equilibrium adsorption sites(f)increased from 0.1164 to 0.3514 after aging,indicating improved antibiotic retention.These findings demonstrate that while one-year aging enhanced remediation capacity,five-year aging stabilized environmental effects through modified soil structure.展开更多
文摘Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade.However,the potential benefits of MB are considerable,and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors.For instance,unknown physicochemical characteristics,outdated analytical techniques,and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application.This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques.These include surface area,porosity,alkalinity,pH,elemental composition,and functional groups.Furthermore,it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications.In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment,this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy,along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology.Overall,this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107245).
文摘Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water quality improvement,and climate change mitigation,the potential risks associated with its use have often been overlooked.This oversight is critical,as the environmental fate of biochar is contingent upon understanding these risks.Once released into the environment,biochar can interact with environmental media,potentially releasing associated pollutants and threatening ecosystems.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the unintended environmental and health risks associated with biochar during its production and application to select appropriate types for sustainable development.This review was conducted by systematically analyzing and synthesizing relevant studies from Web of Science,focusing on recent advancements and key debates in the field.It categorizes biochar risks into endogenous and exogenous risks based on the source of pollutants carried by biochar.The review analyzes in detail the impacts of raw materials,preparation processes,and application scenarios on the unintended environmental risks of biochar.Furthermore,it provides a thorough overview of the adverse effects on animals,plants,microorganisms,and human health,elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant release,aging,and nano-effects from environmental geochemical processes involving biochar.Additionally,this review summarizes the environmental risk assessment methods of biochar,providing a reference for its safe application and the sustainable development of biochar-related research.
文摘Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00408-0 Following publication of the original article(Sanei et al.2025),it is reported that Fig.1 was incorrect,in which the grey line in the figure was mistakenly moved above the blue dots.The mistake was caused by production during the figure’s conversion process.Incorrect Fig.1.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477277)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012381)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(2024A03J0458)the Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory(22kfhk03)Earth Critical Zone and Ecogeochemistry(PT252022024).
文摘Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable remediation materials.This review highlights the environmental merits of biochar-based materials in uranium decontamination,focusing on the diverse applications of modification techniques for enhancing the properties of pristine biochar.By analyzing over 110 relevant studies,the review demonstrates that biochar derived from various biomass sources,with proper modification,could exhibit high adsorption capacities for immobilising uranium in aqueous and soil environments.The primary removal mechanisms identified include physical adsorption and chemical reduction.These works indicate that biochar,produced from green feedstocks and featuring superior reusability,represents a cost-effective,sustainable solution for uranium remediation.Moreover,its application aligns with carbon sequestration and waste valorization,supporting sustainable development goals.Looking ahead,the engineering performance-oriented biochar materials with tailored physicochemical properties hold significant promise for addressing uranium contamination challenges.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of biochar-based materials as a green alternative for uranium remediation and offers valuable insights into advanced material modification strategies to enhance reactivity and effectiveness.
文摘Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00375-6 Following publication of the original article(Hylton et al.2024),the authors reported that one column of data in Table 12 was submitted with wrong values.Table 12 is changed from.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1700802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276031)+1 种基金China National Tobacco Corporation Guizhou Provincial Company Science and Technology Program(2022XM11)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research,China(2023B1212060044).
文摘This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorganisms and their EPS play pivotal roles in biofilm formation,enhancing microbial resistance to environmental stress,and facilitating pollutant degradation.Biochar,derived from biomass pyrolysis,provides a porous structure that offers a habitat for microorganisms and is an efficient adsorbent for organic pollutants.The synergistic effects of microbial−EPS−biochar interactions improve pollutant removal capacity and soil fertility.The review highlights four fundamental mechanisms of these interactions:adhesion and interfacial processes,shelter and nutrient transfer,signaling,bioregulation,and microbial electron transfer with biochar.Integrating biochar with microbial systems has demonstrated potential in treating heavy metals(HM)and organic pollutants and enhancing soil properties.However,the review also identifies gaps in knowledge,and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the long-term effects of biochar on microbial communities and EPS and to optimize the application of these interactions for sustainable environmental management.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41807468)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY18E080018)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(Grant No.PCRRF18021).
文摘Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204187)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2022QD101).
文摘Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface remains unclear.Herein,we conducted three types of paddy soil incubations with phosphorus/iron-doped biochar to explore the underlying factors and processes controlling Cd and carbon transformation under redox conditions.Upon flooding,lower soil redox potential resulted in soluble and extractable Cd transformed into Fe/Mn-bound fraction,coinciding with elevated CO_(2)and CH_(4)fluxes.During subsequent drainage,soil pH decrease caused associated Cd transformed back into exchangeable fraction,coupled with cumulative CO_(2)dropped.Both porewater and sequential extraction results revealed that the remobilization of Cd and carbon during redox fluctuations is largely related to Fe/Mn(hydr)oxide-induced effects.Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques determined that the organo-mineral(e.g.,aliphatic C and Fe–O/Si–O groups)interactions are of crucial importance in influencing Cd and carbon distribution patterns on soil microaggregates.Further sequencing and correlation analyses vertified that this biochar facilitated simultaneous Cd and carbon retention via altering soil biogeochemistry,especially redox-controlled abiotic and microbial transformation processes.Overall,these findings shed light on the interactive effects of Cd and carbon mitigation with biochar amendment for redox paddy environments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771723)Innovation Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFB23187A).
文摘Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community in continuously cropped sugarcane remain unclear.A five-year field experiment was conducted with two treatments:basal fertilizer(BF)and basal fertilizer combined with biochar(BF-BC).After fertilization in the first year,and with no additional fertilizers applied in the subsequent years,relevant indicators at the end of the 5-year period were measured.The results showed that,compared with the control BF treatment,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased sugarcane plant height,stem diameter,and leaf nitrogen balance index(NBI)by 10.81%,25.79%,and 33.90%,respectively,and resulted in significant reductions in total root volume and average root diameter by 31.06%and 21.53%(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the rhizosphere soil pH and total potassium(TK)content increased significantly by 17.74%and 79.21%,whereas soil organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),total phosphorus(TP),available potassium(AK),and exchangeable calcium ions(E.Ca^(2+))decreased significantly by 37.67%,39.64%,21.20%,47.29%,and 12.11%,respectively(P<0.05).Despite receiving no additional fertilization following the initial application,the BF-BC treatment still exhibited significant advantages in promoting sugarcane fine root growth,enhancing rhizosphere soil carbon sequestration,and improving fertilizer use efficiency.Additionally,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria such as Leptospirillum,Terrimonas,Actinobacteriota,Sphingobacteriia,Chitinophaga,Cyanobacteriia,and Lechevalieria(P<0.05).Furthermore,the differentially expressed metabolites in the sugarcane rhizosphere were significantly enriched in major metabolic pathways,including steroids and steroid derivatives,fatty acyl groups,purine nucleotides,imidazole pyrimidines,sphingolipids,organic oxygen compounds,indoles and their derivatives,carboxylic acids and derivatives,and benzodioxoles.Importantly,the BF-BC treatment effectively reduced CO_(2)emissions from the soil.In conclusion,the sugarcane root system,surrounding soil,and microorganisms form a complex,interconnected symbiotic ecological network.Thus,even after five years without fertilization,reduced nitrogen combined with biochar application still positively influenced sugarcane root and aboveground biomass growth.This finding suggests that biochar co-application enhances long-term soil fertility.This study provides a reference for fertilization practices and soil improvement in the cultivation of sugarcane and other crops.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177107,42307043,21607125)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2108085MC85).
文摘Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,key components of the widely distributed Calvin cycle,and combined this with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RubisCO)enzyme activity assays and high-throughput sequencing of cbbL-and cbbM-harboring microbial communities to investigate the carbon fixation potential,activity,and community structure under biochar application in paddy and upland soils.Results showed that cbbL consistently dominated over cbbM in both paddy and upland soils,with higher abundances in paddy soils,driven by biochar amendment,rice growth stage,and rhizosphere effects.The rhizosphere acted as a hotspot for cbbL and cbbM genes and RubisCO activity in paddy soil.In upland soils,nitrogen availability(NH_(₄)^(+),dissolved organic nitrogen-DON),microbial biomass carbon,and labile carbon and nitrogen pools(dissolved organic carbon,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase)were consistently associated with cbbL abundance,underscoring their ecological role in soil CO_(2)fixation.In paddy soils,inorganic nitrogen(NH_(₄)^(+),NO_(3)^(⁻),NO_(2)^(⁻)),redox potential(Eh),and urease activity were the main predictors of cbbL abundance and the cbbL/16S ratio,while pH and nitrogen availability(NO_(2)^(⁻),DON)was mostly associated with cbbM/16S ratio.Biochar was the primary driver reshaping the structure of autotrophic microbial communities harboring cbbL and cbbM genes across different soil compartments,including surface soil,rhizosphere,and bulk soil.Pseudomonadota,Cyanobacteriota,Actinomycetota and Chloroflexota were dominant cbbL carriers,while Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota and Myxococcota predominated in cbbM assemblages across soils.Biochar induced functional differentiation of facultative autotrophic taxa under different RubisCO forms by enhancing the abundance of Rhodopseudomonas in cbbM-bearing communities while decreasing it in cbbL-bearing ones.Furthermore,Calvin cycle-mediated CO_(2)fixation was found to couple with pathways including methylotrophy,methanotrophy,iron oxidation and respiration,nitrogen fixation and reduction,and arsenate reduction and detoxification.Collectively,the results of this study emphasize the importance of soil type,micro-environmental conditions,nitrogen status and the impact of biochar in shaping microbial carbon assimilation via the Calvin cycle pathway and the cbbL and cbbM-harboring microbial community.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52200198)Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(NO.tstp20230604)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QB186).
文摘To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.
基金supported by project SWAMP project(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_026/0008403)Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republicsupported by the Grant Agency of the CTU in Prague,grant No.SGS23/154/OHK1/3T/11.
文摘Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opportunity to further enhance this benefit and upscale practice.In this field study,the effect of a 5-vol.%addition of wood-based biochar to a green roof substrate is evaluated with respect to a water balance(reduced runoff,increased evapotranspiration,increased plant available water)and hydrophysical properties.Substrate,with and without biochar amendment,was used in different green roof sections.Laboratory hydrophysical analysis,in-situ Volumetric Water Content and meteorological measurements,alongside vegetation monitoring,enabled the development of a 1D Hydrus water balance model and revealed differences between both of the surveyed green roofs.The study demonstrated that the addition of biochar to the substrate improved its hydrophysical properties,leading to increased water retention(7.7%increase in maximum water capacity)and enhanced vegetation growth The biochar amendment resulted in the minor changes in grain size distribution(increase in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm fraction)and increased substrate moisture,which is related to an increase in the plant-available water content(14.2%).This was observable in the retention curves and resulted in an increased moisture availability for plants,leading to an increase in vegetation cover in areas with biochar.The numerical analysis using Hydrus-1D soil hydraulic model showed that the inclusion of biochar in the substrate resulted in a 23.5%increase in evapotranspiration and a 54.7%decrease in runoff.These findings suggest that the addition of biochar to the green roof substrate could enhance the system’s capacity to retain water,reduce runoff and bulk density,and increase the amount of water available for plant growth.The study provides evidence for the potential of wood-based biochar as a sustainable and effective addition to green roof substrates,contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban environments.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(No.202206300064)Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Basic Research Project(No.BR22-13-04 and BR22-10-20).
文摘Although the immediate benefits of biochar in enhancing nitrogen cycling and crop productivity are well documented,its residual effects across different biochar types and irrigation regimes over successive growing seasons have not been fully elucidated.Here,we assessed the residual effects of softwood(SWB)and wheat-straw(WSB)biochar on soil–plant nitrogen(N)dynamics and maize(Zea mays L.)productivity over two growing seasons following a onetime application.Experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 under full(FI),deficit(DI),and alternate partial rootzone drying(APRI)irrigation.In both years,despite limited changes in water consumption and total N uptake,WSBAPRI combination improved total dry biomass(+13.5%),harvest index(+4.4%),water use efficiency(+26.7%),and N use efficiency(+10.3%).These improvements were linked to enhanced microbial activity(+26.8–51.2%)and soil N availability(+4.8–13.2%),which stimulated root growth(+7.4–22.7%)and N uptake(+7.0–17.8%)under water stress.However,under reduced irrigation in 2021,SWB markedly suppressed microbial respiration(−42.4%)and N availability(−29.2%),which in turn led to compromised crop performance,particularly under DI.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that microbial activity and root traits indirectly affected maize water and N use efficiency by influencing water consumption,N uptake,and biomass accumulation.Notably,excessive N uptake reduced N use efficiency,whereas biomass accumulation enhanced it.Considering the residual effects of biochar,APRI combined with WSB offers a promising approach to continuously enhance water-nitrogen coordination and maintain maize productivity under limited irrigation.
基金supported by the Qatar National Research Fund(QRDI),a member of the Qatar Foundation,through the National Priority Research Program Grant(ARG01-0530-230416).
文摘CO_(2)hydrogenation to methane is an interesting topic that can result in CO_(2)mitigation,providing a solution for global warming.Using a sustainable catalyst in that process will be considered as a plus point that makes the whole system(material+application)an eco-friendly process.Therefore,scientists have focused on the biochar-supported catalysts used in the CO_(2)methanation.The use of cobalt(Co)catalysts supported on sugarcane bagasse biochar(SCBB)has not been investigated for the methanation of CO_(2).Therefore,this work investigated the Co/SCBB systems in the CO_(2)methanation with different Co loadings starting from 0.1 to 0.8 mmol_(Co-salt)/g_(SCB).In addition,the effect of Ce was studied,proving that Ce addition improved the catalytic activity significantly,as the catalyst 0.5Co-0.25Ce/SCBB showed the foremost conversion of CO_(2)(60%at 500℃)and the best selectivity of methane(80%at 430℃).This research lays the foundation for utilizing Ce to enhance the catalytic properties of various transition metals that can not offer high catalytic activity alone in the carbon dioxide methanation.
基金support to UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar(CESAM)+LA/P/0094/2020,through national funds.We further acknowledge FCT for the funding of projects SOILCOMBAT,TRUESOIL(https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/EAM-AMB/0474/2020https://doi.org/10.54499/EJPSo ils/0001/2021),and SOILSPONGE project no 16808(COMPETE2030-FEDER-00799200)as well as of authors B.Gholamahmadi(https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.04610.BD)(WATERDESERT,PhD thesis),F.Verheijen(https://doi.org/10.54499/2023.06689.CEECI ND/CP2840/CT0011),A.C.Bastos(https://doi.org/10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1482/CT0006)and C.Ferreira。
文摘Soil erosion by water poses major environmental challenges to the European viticulture sector.Biochar is recognised as a sustainable tool for combating land degradation,but few studies on the effect of biochar on soil erosion have been conducted in Mediterranean vineyards with hilly terrain and heavy rainfall.This study assesses the potential of biochar to support soil conservation by enhancing sponge function,i.e.water retention and infiltration,and reducing erodibility in sloping sandy loam soil under natural rainfall conditions.An 18-month outdoor box lysimeter experiment was conducted using bare soil,including soil amended with 4%(w/w)biochar from a Portuguese vineyard.Over the monitoring period,biochar application significantly(p<0.001)reduced the runoff coefficient by an average of 45%.Biochar reduced coarse fragment erosion by 67%,fine-earth erosion by 43%,and splash erosion by 34%,all affected(p<0.05)by rainfall intensity.The erosion rate in vineyard soil was 3 times lower(p<0.001)in biocharamended soil than in the control(3.7 vs.11.1 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Improved soil structure led to a 7%reduction in bulk density,an average increase of 73%in stored water,and a 28%increase in infiltration.During drier periods,the biocharamended soil stored 171–303%more water than the control soil.We recommend a minimum monitoring period of a full hydrological cycle under natural rainfall to comprehensively capture the effect of biochar on the soil sponge function.Observed seasonal trends and atmospheric river(AR)events suggest that studies using rainfall simulations without considering antecedent soil moisture and AR variations will yield skewed data on effects.From a practical standpoint,this study showed that biochar could be a sustainable soil management solution to enhancing long-term vineyard resilience and productivity in the Mediterranean.
基金supported by Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Walter Ahlstrom Foundation(Woodpro:Grant No:VN/17097/2022)the Research Council of Finland through project,“Mechanism of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)uptake in different cropping systems in different climate zones(ENSINK,Grant No.334422).
文摘Char amendment is an option to lower climatic impact of agricultural soils.However,their effect can vary depending on char and soil properties,vegetation type and their interactions.Nutrient poor and acidic soils of boreal region could benefit from char amendment.We conducted a three-month long mesocosm study representing a typical boreal forage-legume grassland to understand the effects of char application on greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,soil organic carbon(SOC)pools and biomass yield.We examined biochar and hydrochar for changes in soil properties,gross nitrogen transformation rates,SOC and its fractions,biomass yield and all three major GHG fluxes.We assessed our results from two different perspectives;one,when chars were added at a uniform rate with fertilizer nitrogen(N)following the farmer’s practice and two,when chars were added based on the char C amount without fertilizer N.We show that only N_(2)O emissions(not CO_(2)and CH_(4))were affected when chars were added at a uniform rate with fertilizer N.Biochar increased N_(2)O emissions significantly compared to control whereas hydrochar restricted N_(2)O relative to control and lowered significantly compared to biochar treatments.Biochar with N amendment significantly increased gross NO_(3)−production(gross nitrification)and N_(2)O emissions,indicating a linkage between increased nitrifier activity and N_(2)O emissions.Hydrochar with N amendment showed lower gross nitrification rates and N_(2)O emissions,indicating a reduced nitrifier activity and N_(2)O emissions compared to biochar.Interestingly,hydrochar without N amendment showed lowest N_(2)O emissions with few N_(2)O uptake events and similar gross NO_(3)−consumption and production rates,hinting an enhanced soil N_(2)O reduction/sink mechanism,especially with actively photosynthesizing vegetation.Both chars increased soil particulate organic C(POC)significantly mainly owing to both chars themselves being carbon.The mineral associated organic C(MAOC)remained unaltered.Interestingly,we found significantly lower soil MAOC per unit of char C with biochar than with hydochar amendment,especially when endpoint soil MAOC was compared with initial soil MAOC.Our results suggest that destabilization of MAOC increased more with biochar than with hydrochar,especially with N fertilization and in the presence of actively photosynthesizing vegetation.This was further supported by a significantly greater rise in microbial biomass carbon with hydrochar than with biochar amendment.The total biomass yield remained unaffected.However,biochar with the applied N reduced the timothy grass yield compared to control,implying a reduced uptake of applied N by timothy.Our results shed light on the complex interactions among chars,soil,vegetation and N management.Therefore,future studies should focus on assessing the char amendment impacts including both plant and soil and at the whole agricultural field scale.Chars manufactured from diverse feedstocks need to be investigated for their impacts in diverse agricultural ecosystems,paving the way for their large-scale use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307427,42277322)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2023YFE0122900)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732845)Shaanxi Agricultural Science&Technology Innovation-Driven Project(NYKJ-2021-XA-005,NYKY-2022-XA-004).
文摘Straw-derived biochar has a greater potential for carbon(C)sequestration than straw that is directly returned to the soils.An incubation experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different straw returning modes(straw and biochar)on soil organic C(SOC)sequestration and their underlying physical protection mechanisms.The^(13)C-labeled straw and biochar were applied at rates of 0.5%and 1%(w/w)to three typical upland soils collected from Yuzhong,Yangling,and Changwu(labeled as YZ,YL,and CW,respectively)on the Loess Plateau in China.Soil C fractions and isotopic C were measured,and the pore structure of macroaggregates was quantified using X-ray computed tomography(CT)and verified by 3D visualization images.Compared to the control(CK),the addition of straw biochar increased SOC contents more than straw in three soils,especially at higher rates.Only biochar improved particulate organic C(POC)contents,and the changes of mineral-associated organic C(MOC)contents differed with soil types.Soil potential C mineralization(PCM)and microbial biomass C(MBC)increased with the addition of straw rather than biochar,except for MBC in YZ soil.The contribution percentages and contents of^(13)C in SOC,POC,and MOC were higher with biochar addition than with straw addition,especially in YZ and YL soils.The total porosity and pore connectivity increased with straw addition in YL soil and with the 1%biochar application in CW soil.However,only isolated porosity increased in YZ soil.Meanwhile,the macropores increased while the mesopores and micropores showed decreasing trends in both YL and CW soils.Additionally,YL soil exhibited more pronounced positive correlations between pore structure and C fractions compared to the other two soils.These findings suggested that the sequestration of SOC was attributed to the improvements of POC and MOC by affecting soil pore structure in straw-and biochar-amended soils,respectively.Therefore,both the form of imported C and soil properties,such as the fertility and pore structure,should be comprehensively considered to fully optimize the potential for C sequestration in farmland soils.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077090)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902903)Key Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Hangzhou(202204T05).
文摘Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals and pyrolysis temperature regulate the priming effects(PEs)of biochar on soil organic carbon has rarely been studied,relative microbial mechanisms especially the roles of soil bacteria are far from known.Therefore,a series of biochar was prepared by pyrolysis using(13)^C isotope labelled rice straw at temperatures of 300,500,and 700℃with vermiculite modification(VBC300,VBC500,VBC700)and without modification(BC300,BC500,BC700).Incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the PEs of different biochar on the native organic carbon of two types of soil.Results showed that BC300,VBC300,and BC500 induced positive PE,VBC500,BC700,and VBC700 mainly induced negative PE in red soil.All biochar showed negative PE in paddy soil,with PE intensity order of 500℃>700℃>300℃.Biochar caused a shift in the bacterial phyla from copiotrophic to oligotrophic bacteria in red soil,whereas it shifted from the coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic to copiotrophic in paddy soil over time.Biochar promoted the interaction among soil bacterial communities indicated by an increase in the edge number of bacterial networks.The correlation coefficient between PE and bacteria networks’edge number was 0.626 and 0.909 in red soil and paddy soil,respectively.Vermiculite modification weakened the promotion effect of biochar on bacterial community interaction and thus was beneficial for carbon sequestration,especially in red soil.VBC700 had excellent carbon sequestration potential in red soil,whereas that was VBC500 in paddy soil.
基金The UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)supported this work through the Greenhouse Gas Removal Peatland Demonstrator project(grant BB/V011561/1).
文摘Peatlands are an important natural store of carbon(C).Drainage of lowland peatlands for agriculture and the subsequent loss of anaerobic conditions had turned these C stores into major emitters of greenhouse gases(GHGs).Practical management strategies are needed to reduce these emissions,and ideally to reverse them to achieve net GHG removal(GGR).Here we show that a combination of enhanced C input as recalcitrant organic matter,CH_(4)suppression by addition of terminal electron acceptors,and suppression of decomposition by raising water levels has the potential to achieve GGR in agricultural peat.We measured GHG(CO_(2),N_(2)O,and CH_(4))fluxes for 1 year with intensive sampling(6 times within the first 56 days)followed by monthly sampling in outdoor mesocosms with high(0 cm)and low(−40 cm)water table treatments and five contrasting organic amendments(Miscanthus-derived biochar,Miscanthus chip,paper waste,biosolids,and barley straw)were applied to high water table cores,with and without iron sulphate(FeSO_(4)).Biochar produced the strongest net soil C gain,suppressing both peat decomposition and CH_(4)emissions.No other organic amendment generated similar GGR,due to higher decomposition and CH_(4)production.FeSO_(4)application further suppressed CO_(2)and CH_(4)release following biochar addition.While we did not account for life-cycle emissions of biochar production,or its longer-term stability,our results suggest that biochar addition to re-wetted peatlands could be an effective climate mitigation strategy.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2024NSFSC0837)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution(2024YYSKY-05)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Eco-industry of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(2024KFF-04)the Key Research and Development Program of Ganzi Prefecture’s Science and Technology Plan(24kjjh0005).
文摘The impact of field aged biochar(FABC)on the adsorption kinetics and transport behavior of weakly hydrophobic antibiotics in soil is scarcely discussed.This study investigated the impact of FABC on weakly hydrophobic antibiotics(sulfadiazine,SD and florfenicol,FF)transport in purple soil by comparing fresh biochar(FBC),one-year aged biochar(ABC1),and five-year aged biochar(ABC5).Through batch adsorption,soil column experiments,and Hydrus 1D modeling,this study examined the evolution of physicochemical properties of biochar,their effects on soil porosity and dispersion,and antibiotic adsorption.Results showed that aging significantly altered biochar characteristics,with carbon(C)content decreasing by 10.40%while oxygen(O)content increased by 40.52%.ABC1 demonstrated optimal performance with a 99.28%increase in specific surface area(SSA)and enhanced oxygen-containing functional groups,leading to maximum antibiotic retention rates of 16.57%for SD and 24.78%for FF.Although ABC5 showed decreased SSA and adsorption capacity,it maintained stable remediation effects through enhanced biochar–soil interactions,as evidenced by increased dispersivity(λ)and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient(D).The two-site chemical nonequilibrium model(TSM)revealed that the fraction of equilibrium adsorption sites(f)increased from 0.1164 to 0.3514 after aging,indicating improved antibiotic retention.These findings demonstrate that while one-year aging enhanced remediation capacity,five-year aging stabilized environmental effects through modified soil structure.
