Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB applic...Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade.However,the potential benefits of MB are considerable,and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors.For instance,unknown physicochemical characteristics,outdated analytical techniques,and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application.This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques.These include surface area,porosity,alkalinity,pH,elemental composition,and functional groups.Furthermore,it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications.In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment,this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy,along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology.Overall,this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.展开更多
This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorgan...This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorganisms and their EPS play pivotal roles in biofilm formation,enhancing microbial resistance to environmental stress,and facilitating pollutant degradation.Biochar,derived from biomass pyrolysis,provides a porous structure that offers a habitat for microorganisms and is an efficient adsorbent for organic pollutants.The synergistic effects of microbial−EPS−biochar interactions improve pollutant removal capacity and soil fertility.The review highlights four fundamental mechanisms of these interactions:adhesion and interfacial processes,shelter and nutrient transfer,signaling,bioregulation,and microbial electron transfer with biochar.Integrating biochar with microbial systems has demonstrated potential in treating heavy metals(HM)and organic pollutants and enhancing soil properties.However,the review also identifies gaps in knowledge,and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the long-term effects of biochar on microbial communities and EPS and to optimize the application of these interactions for sustainable environmental management.展开更多
Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water qu...Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water quality improvement,and climate change mitigation,the potential risks associated with its use have often been overlooked.This oversight is critical,as the environmental fate of biochar is contingent upon understanding these risks.Once released into the environment,biochar can interact with environmental media,potentially releasing associated pollutants and threatening ecosystems.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the unintended environmental and health risks associated with biochar during its production and application to select appropriate types for sustainable development.This review was conducted by systematically analyzing and synthesizing relevant studies from Web of Science,focusing on recent advancements and key debates in the field.It categorizes biochar risks into endogenous and exogenous risks based on the source of pollutants carried by biochar.The review analyzes in detail the impacts of raw materials,preparation processes,and application scenarios on the unintended environmental risks of biochar.Furthermore,it provides a thorough overview of the adverse effects on animals,plants,microorganisms,and human health,elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant release,aging,and nano-effects from environmental geochemical processes involving biochar.Additionally,this review summarizes the environmental risk assessment methods of biochar,providing a reference for its safe application and the sustainable development of biochar-related research.展开更多
Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-02...Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00408-0 Following publication of the original article(Sanei et al.2025),it is reported that Fig.1 was incorrect,in which the grey line in the figure was mistakenly moved above the blue dots.The mistake was caused by production during the figure’s conversion process.Incorrect Fig.1.展开更多
Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the deve...Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable remediation materials.This review highlights the environmental merits of biochar-based materials in uranium decontamination,focusing on the diverse applications of modification techniques for enhancing the properties of pristine biochar.By analyzing over 110 relevant studies,the review demonstrates that biochar derived from various biomass sources,with proper modification,could exhibit high adsorption capacities for immobilising uranium in aqueous and soil environments.The primary removal mechanisms identified include physical adsorption and chemical reduction.These works indicate that biochar,produced from green feedstocks and featuring superior reusability,represents a cost-effective,sustainable solution for uranium remediation.Moreover,its application aligns with carbon sequestration and waste valorization,supporting sustainable development goals.Looking ahead,the engineering performance-oriented biochar materials with tailored physicochemical properties hold significant promise for addressing uranium contamination challenges.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of biochar-based materials as a green alternative for uranium remediation and offers valuable insights into advanced material modification strategies to enhance reactivity and effectiveness.展开更多
Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)ht...Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00375-6 Following publication of the original article(Hylton et al.2024),the authors reported that one column of data in Table 12 was submitted with wrong values.Table 12 is changed from.展开更多
Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water rem...Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.展开更多
Soil acidification negatively affects plant growth,soil microbial composition and diversity,and the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.The primary sources of soil acidity include base cations(BCs)leaching loss,...Soil acidification negatively affects plant growth,soil microbial composition and diversity,and the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.The primary sources of soil acidity include base cations(BCs)leaching loss,the weathering of aluminum-containing minerals,excess cation uptake by plants,and the transformation of nitrogen,carbon,and sulfur compounds by soil microorganisms.Soil acidity reflects the degree of soil acidification and is characterized by the active acidity(intensity factor)and exchangeable acidity(quantity factor),while soil acid buffering capacity(Acid-BC)(capacity factor)controls the degree and rate of soil acidification.Biochar,as an alkaline,porous and carbonrich matter,not only reduces soil active and exchangeable acidity but also enhances the Acid-BC.Having a variety of BCs and oxygen-containing functional groups(OFGs),biochar improves acidic soil mainly through liming effect,cation exchange,complexation,and precipitation reactions.Thus,to improve acidic soils,the application of biochar may be a better alternative than conventional liming materials.However,further studies into re-acidification of biochar-amended soil due to biochar aging,nitrification of excess fertilizer nitrogen and their interaction are still required by binding the mechanistic comprehension of biochar-to-soil interactions and prolonged field researches.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a key factor in soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions(GHGs).However,the molecular-level change of soil DOM and the implications of GHGs under different long-term fertil...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a key factor in soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions(GHGs).However,the molecular-level change of soil DOM and the implications of GHGs under different long-term fertilization regimes(LFRs)remain elusive.Therefore,we conducted a long-term field experiment with an unfertilized control(CK)and fertilization regimes(chemical fertilizer(F),straw(ST),and biochar(BC)),We employed the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)to explore the molecular-level change of soil DOM.Our findings revealed that LFR,especially BC,increased the quantity,molecular weight,double bond equivalence,aromaticity index and molecular formula complexity of DOM.The F increased the molecular diversity and functional complexity of DOM and decreased the Gibbs free energy(ΔG Cox°),whereas BC and ST decreased the molecular diversity because of greater accumulation of lignin-like compounds and increased theΔG Cox°.The specific molecular evolution and fractionation analysis indicated that LFR increased the aggregation of specific molecules:BC stimulated high O/C and molecularly stable lignin compounds accumulation,whereas ST promoted lignin and unsaturated hydrocarbon compound accumulation.Simultaneously,the F increased GHGs(CH_(4)and N_(2)O),whereas the BC significantly decreased the CH_(4)emissions and the global warming potential.Furthermore,the correlation analysis revealed that the quantity and quality of DOM were closely correlated with GHGs,the quantity of DOM and unstable compounds increased the CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions,and the relative abundance of persistent compounds decreased CH_(4)emissions.These findings elucidate the potential mechanisms by which LFR,especially BC,regulates DOM characteristics and subsequently influences GHGs,which contributes to the development of more effective soil management strategies for mitigating GHGs while maintaining soil health and productivity.展开更多
To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of...To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.展开更多
Global food requirements necessitating enhanced crop productivity have negative consequences such as soil degradation due to acidification and nutrient leaching escalated by excessive application of chemical fertilize...Global food requirements necessitating enhanced crop productivity have negative consequences such as soil degradation due to acidification and nutrient leaching escalated by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and consequently increasing greenhouse gas emission.This has sought sustainable organic approaches like soil amendment with biochar to mitigate the adverse consequences of these effects,ensuring balanced ecosystem functioning.Reconciling various studies,this review provides a better understanding of the belowground mechanisms decoding multifaceted traits associated with plant and biochar-microbe-soil tripartite interaction,including microbe-mediated regulation of C and N stoichiometry,soil enzyme functioning,regulation of greenhouse gases,soil respiration rate and alteration in abundance of microbial functional genes.Furthermore,this review exclusively gives holistic insights into specific microbes induced by biochar treatment and their role in altering soil C and N dynamics.It attempts to spur in-depth,long-term studies tackling challenges in sustainable agriculture and mitigate environmental issues to achieve C neutrality and N retention,envisaging a healthy soil ecosystem.展开更多
Traditionally,carbon black(CB)has been the predominant reinforcing filler in rubber composites.This preference is due to superior mechanical properties of CB,which stem from its unique high carbon-based structure and ...Traditionally,carbon black(CB)has been the predominant reinforcing filler in rubber composites.This preference is due to superior mechanical properties of CB,which stem from its unique high carbon-based structure and high purity.However,the production of CB is energy-intensive,poses significant health risks,and is environmentally detrimental,releasing significant amounts of CO_(2).Consequently,there is a growing interest in finding sustainable alternatives to CB.Biochar(BC),another carbon-rich solid produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under limited oxygen,continues to be studied as a promising,eco-friendly,and low-cost reinforcement filler for rubber composites.BC exhibits high surface area,stability,and carbon content,making it a contender for enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber.Various biomass materials,including rice husks,corncobs,nutshells,grain husks,and palm kernel shells,have been used to produce BC,with its reinforcement potential influenced by production conditions and feedstock type.However,the variation in the feedstock and production protocol has been found to produce BC with different compositional and morphological features which affect the properties of the final vulcanizate in a detrimental manner.Therefore,it is essential to understand the governing factors that optimize the performance of BC in rubber composites.While BC is increasingly viewed as a promising replacement for CB as a reinforcement filler,a detailed evaluation of its reinforcement capabilities remains lacking.This review explores the viability of BC as an alternative to CB or a partial replacement CB,highlighting its environmental benefits and effectiveness in rubber composite applications.Rheological and mechanical properties of BC-incorporated rubber composites never reached the standards of CB.However,a mixture of BC and CB,replacing CB content partially showed promising results.Therefore,further studies are required to find optimum properties for BC to incorporate into the rubber matrix to replace CB.展开更多
In this research,a novel metal-organic framework-modified biochar composite(MIL-88b@BC)was created for the first time by modifying rice husk biochar using the excellent adsorption properties of metal-organic framework...In this research,a novel metal-organic framework-modified biochar composite(MIL-88b@BC)was created for the first time by modifying rice husk biochar using the excellent adsorption properties of metal-organic framework(MOF),as well as reducing the solubility of MOF using biochar as a substrate,aiming to improve the understanding of the adsorption characteristics of rare-earth metal recycling and to predict its adsorption mechanism.Density functional theory(DFT)computations allowed for rationally constructing the adsorption model.According to DFT calculations,the primary processes involved in the adsorption of La^(3+)wereπ–πinteraction and ligand exchange,wherein the surface hydroxyl group played a crucial role.MIL-88b@BC interacted better with La^(3+)than biochar or MOF did.Accompanying batch tests with the theoretical conjecture’s verification demonstrated that the pseudosecond-order model and the Langmuir model,respectively,provided a good fit for the adsorption kinetics and isotherms.The maximum La^(3+)adsorption capacity of MOF@BC(288.89 mg g^(−1))was achieved at pH 6.0,which was significantly higher than the adsorbents’previously documented adsorption capacities.Confirming the DFT estimations,the adsorption capacity of BC@MIL-88b for La^(3+)was higher than that of MOF and BC.Additionally,MOF@BC can be recycled at least four times.To mitigate the growing scarcity of rare earth elements(REEs)and lessen their negative environmental effects,this work laid the path for effectively treating substantial volumes of wastewater produced while mining REEs.展开更多
Biochar offers promising solutions for agricultural sustainability,yet the intricate mechanisms governing rhizosphere metabolite-microbe-soil interactions remain poorly understood.Through a decade-long field experimen...Biochar offers promising solutions for agricultural sustainability,yet the intricate mechanisms governing rhizosphere metabolite-microbe-soil interactions remain poorly understood.Through a decade-long field experiment,the effects of sustained biochar application(BC1:3 t ha^(−1)and BC2:6 t ha^(−1))versus conventional fertilization(CF)in a continuous soybean system were investigated.The results showed that biochar improved soil properties,especially,BC2,which significantly enhanced porosity(+12.71%),pH(+11.60%),soil organic carbon(+112.45%),enzymatic activities and nutrient content,while reducing bulk density(−9.92%).Notably,the biochar restructured microbial community networks,increasing beneficial taxa(Firmicutes,Enterococcus,Pseudomonas,Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota)while suppressing potential pathogens.Meanwhile,the biochar significantly optimized rhizosphere metabolites,including key defensive compounds(di-O-methyl quercetin,capric acid,hypoxanthines,etc.),and optimized the differential metabolites enriched in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway.Multi-omics analysis revealed strong correlations between differential metabolites and improved soil properties under biochar amendment.Accordingly,these improvements manifested in plant performance,including enhanced root development,plant height,biomass accumulation,and yield.Furthermore,the PLS-PM analysis demonstrated that biochar could promote soybean growth in two key pathway mechanisms that directly enhance soil properties,and indirectly improve soil properties by negatively regulating the key metabolites(capric acid,phosphocreatine,beta 1-tomatine,and daidzin).Our findings provide critical theoretical insights for addressing challenges in soybean continuous cropping systems and advancing sustainable farming practices.展开更多
Soil acidification poses a significant challenge to soil health worldwide,and biochar emerges as a promising remedy.Nonetheless,a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of biochar on soil pH change is lacking,leaving ...Soil acidification poses a significant challenge to soil health worldwide,and biochar emerges as a promising remedy.Nonetheless,a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of biochar on soil pH change is lacking,leaving considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy across different environmental and management contexts.Here,we conducted a meta-analysis of 232 global studies to elucidate the impact of biochar on soil pH and identify key variables influencing its effectiveness.Our findings revealed that biochar application significantly increased soil pH by an average of 5.59%,but it decreased soil pH under certain circumstances.The raw material and pyrolysis temperature of biochar determine its pH.Furthermore,the biochar pH and initial soil pH modulate the magnitude of the biochar liming effect.High soil cation exchange capacity(CEC)values attenuate the biochar liming effect.When combined with organic nitrogen(N)fertilizer(6.95%),biochar increases soil pH more than when combined with inorganic N fertilizer(4.57%).Paddy fields exhibited a more pronounced response to biochar-induced pH elevation(5.98%)than dryland fields(3.75%),attributable to higher MAP,lower initial soil pH and soil CEC,higher biochar application rates and pH,and higher N fertilizer application.Overall,our meta-analysis underscores the lime-enhancing potential of biochar and the pivotal roles of MAP,biochar pH,initial soil pH,initial soil CEC,and farmland utilization mode in shaping its effectiveness.展开更多
Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface rema...Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface remains unclear.Herein,we conducted three types of paddy soil incubations with phosphorus/iron-doped biochar to explore the underlying factors and processes controlling Cd and carbon transformation under redox conditions.Upon flooding,lower soil redox potential resulted in soluble and extractable Cd transformed into Fe/Mn-bound fraction,coinciding with elevated CO_(2)and CH_(4)fluxes.During subsequent drainage,soil pH decrease caused associated Cd transformed back into exchangeable fraction,coupled with cumulative CO_(2)dropped.Both porewater and sequential extraction results revealed that the remobilization of Cd and carbon during redox fluctuations is largely related to Fe/Mn(hydr)oxide-induced effects.Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques determined that the organo-mineral(e.g.,aliphatic C and Fe–O/Si–O groups)interactions are of crucial importance in influencing Cd and carbon distribution patterns on soil microaggregates.Further sequencing and correlation analyses vertified that this biochar facilitated simultaneous Cd and carbon retention via altering soil biogeochemistry,especially redox-controlled abiotic and microbial transformation processes.Overall,these findings shed light on the interactive effects of Cd and carbon mitigation with biochar amendment for redox paddy environments.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment a...Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community in continuously cropped sugarcane remain unclear.A five-year field experiment was conducted with two treatments:basal fertilizer(BF)and basal fertilizer combined with biochar(BF-BC).After fertilization in the first year,and with no additional fertilizers applied in the subsequent years,relevant indicators at the end of the 5-year period were measured.The results showed that,compared with the control BF treatment,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased sugarcane plant height,stem diameter,and leaf nitrogen balance index(NBI)by 10.81%,25.79%,and 33.90%,respectively,and resulted in significant reductions in total root volume and average root diameter by 31.06%and 21.53%(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the rhizosphere soil pH and total potassium(TK)content increased significantly by 17.74%and 79.21%,whereas soil organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),total phosphorus(TP),available potassium(AK),and exchangeable calcium ions(E.Ca^(2+))decreased significantly by 37.67%,39.64%,21.20%,47.29%,and 12.11%,respectively(P<0.05).Despite receiving no additional fertilization following the initial application,the BF-BC treatment still exhibited significant advantages in promoting sugarcane fine root growth,enhancing rhizosphere soil carbon sequestration,and improving fertilizer use efficiency.Additionally,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria such as Leptospirillum,Terrimonas,Actinobacteriota,Sphingobacteriia,Chitinophaga,Cyanobacteriia,and Lechevalieria(P<0.05).Furthermore,the differentially expressed metabolites in the sugarcane rhizosphere were significantly enriched in major metabolic pathways,including steroids and steroid derivatives,fatty acyl groups,purine nucleotides,imidazole pyrimidines,sphingolipids,organic oxygen compounds,indoles and their derivatives,carboxylic acids and derivatives,and benzodioxoles.Importantly,the BF-BC treatment effectively reduced CO_(2)emissions from the soil.In conclusion,the sugarcane root system,surrounding soil,and microorganisms form a complex,interconnected symbiotic ecological network.Thus,even after five years without fertilization,reduced nitrogen combined with biochar application still positively influenced sugarcane root and aboveground biomass growth.This finding suggests that biochar co-application enhances long-term soil fertility.This study provides a reference for fertilization practices and soil improvement in the cultivation of sugarcane and other crops.展开更多
Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,ke...Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,key components of the widely distributed Calvin cycle,and combined this with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RubisCO)enzyme activity assays and high-throughput sequencing of cbbL-and cbbM-harboring microbial communities to investigate the carbon fixation potential,activity,and community structure under biochar application in paddy and upland soils.Results showed that cbbL consistently dominated over cbbM in both paddy and upland soils,with higher abundances in paddy soils,driven by biochar amendment,rice growth stage,and rhizosphere effects.The rhizosphere acted as a hotspot for cbbL and cbbM genes and RubisCO activity in paddy soil.In upland soils,nitrogen availability(NH_(₄)^(+),dissolved organic nitrogen-DON),microbial biomass carbon,and labile carbon and nitrogen pools(dissolved organic carbon,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase)were consistently associated with cbbL abundance,underscoring their ecological role in soil CO_(2)fixation.In paddy soils,inorganic nitrogen(NH_(₄)^(+),NO_(3)^(⁻),NO_(2)^(⁻)),redox potential(Eh),and urease activity were the main predictors of cbbL abundance and the cbbL/16S ratio,while pH and nitrogen availability(NO_(2)^(⁻),DON)was mostly associated with cbbM/16S ratio.Biochar was the primary driver reshaping the structure of autotrophic microbial communities harboring cbbL and cbbM genes across different soil compartments,including surface soil,rhizosphere,and bulk soil.Pseudomonadota,Cyanobacteriota,Actinomycetota and Chloroflexota were dominant cbbL carriers,while Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota and Myxococcota predominated in cbbM assemblages across soils.Biochar induced functional differentiation of facultative autotrophic taxa under different RubisCO forms by enhancing the abundance of Rhodopseudomonas in cbbM-bearing communities while decreasing it in cbbL-bearing ones.Furthermore,Calvin cycle-mediated CO_(2)fixation was found to couple with pathways including methylotrophy,methanotrophy,iron oxidation and respiration,nitrogen fixation and reduction,and arsenate reduction and detoxification.Collectively,the results of this study emphasize the importance of soil type,micro-environmental conditions,nitrogen status and the impact of biochar in shaping microbial carbon assimilation via the Calvin cycle pathway and the cbbL and cbbM-harboring microbial community.展开更多
Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opp...Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opportunity to further enhance this benefit and upscale practice.In this field study,the effect of a 5-vol.%addition of wood-based biochar to a green roof substrate is evaluated with respect to a water balance(reduced runoff,increased evapotranspiration,increased plant available water)and hydrophysical properties.Substrate,with and without biochar amendment,was used in different green roof sections.Laboratory hydrophysical analysis,in-situ Volumetric Water Content and meteorological measurements,alongside vegetation monitoring,enabled the development of a 1D Hydrus water balance model and revealed differences between both of the surveyed green roofs.The study demonstrated that the addition of biochar to the substrate improved its hydrophysical properties,leading to increased water retention(7.7%increase in maximum water capacity)and enhanced vegetation growth The biochar amendment resulted in the minor changes in grain size distribution(increase in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm fraction)and increased substrate moisture,which is related to an increase in the plant-available water content(14.2%).This was observable in the retention curves and resulted in an increased moisture availability for plants,leading to an increase in vegetation cover in areas with biochar.The numerical analysis using Hydrus-1D soil hydraulic model showed that the inclusion of biochar in the substrate resulted in a 23.5%increase in evapotranspiration and a 54.7%decrease in runoff.These findings suggest that the addition of biochar to the green roof substrate could enhance the system’s capacity to retain water,reduce runoff and bulk density,and increase the amount of water available for plant growth.The study provides evidence for the potential of wood-based biochar as a sustainable and effective addition to green roof substrates,contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban environments.展开更多
Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals...Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals and pyrolysis temperature regulate the priming effects(PEs)of biochar on soil organic carbon has rarely been studied,relative microbial mechanisms especially the roles of soil bacteria are far from known.Therefore,a series of biochar was prepared by pyrolysis using(13)^C isotope labelled rice straw at temperatures of 300,500,and 700℃with vermiculite modification(VBC300,VBC500,VBC700)and without modification(BC300,BC500,BC700).Incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the PEs of different biochar on the native organic carbon of two types of soil.Results showed that BC300,VBC300,and BC500 induced positive PE,VBC500,BC700,and VBC700 mainly induced negative PE in red soil.All biochar showed negative PE in paddy soil,with PE intensity order of 500℃>700℃>300℃.Biochar caused a shift in the bacterial phyla from copiotrophic to oligotrophic bacteria in red soil,whereas it shifted from the coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic to copiotrophic in paddy soil over time.Biochar promoted the interaction among soil bacterial communities indicated by an increase in the edge number of bacterial networks.The correlation coefficient between PE and bacteria networks’edge number was 0.626 and 0.909 in red soil and paddy soil,respectively.Vermiculite modification weakened the promotion effect of biochar on bacterial community interaction and thus was beneficial for carbon sequestration,especially in red soil.VBC700 had excellent carbon sequestration potential in red soil,whereas that was VBC500 in paddy soil.展开更多
文摘Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks.It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar(MB).The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade.However,the potential benefits of MB are considerable,and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors.For instance,unknown physicochemical characteristics,outdated analytical techniques,and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application.This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques.These include surface area,porosity,alkalinity,pH,elemental composition,and functional groups.Furthermore,it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications.In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment,this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy,along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology.Overall,this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1700802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276031)+1 种基金China National Tobacco Corporation Guizhou Provincial Company Science and Technology Program(2022XM11)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research,China(2023B1212060044).
文摘This review synthesizes the current understanding of the interactions between microorganisms,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and biochar and their collective application in environmental remediation.Microorganisms and their EPS play pivotal roles in biofilm formation,enhancing microbial resistance to environmental stress,and facilitating pollutant degradation.Biochar,derived from biomass pyrolysis,provides a porous structure that offers a habitat for microorganisms and is an efficient adsorbent for organic pollutants.The synergistic effects of microbial−EPS−biochar interactions improve pollutant removal capacity and soil fertility.The review highlights four fundamental mechanisms of these interactions:adhesion and interfacial processes,shelter and nutrient transfer,signaling,bioregulation,and microbial electron transfer with biochar.Integrating biochar with microbial systems has demonstrated potential in treating heavy metals(HM)and organic pollutants and enhancing soil properties.However,the review also identifies gaps in knowledge,and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the long-term effects of biochar on microbial communities and EPS and to optimize the application of these interactions for sustainable environmental management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107245).
文摘Over the past 10–15 years,biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science.While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement,water quality improvement,and climate change mitigation,the potential risks associated with its use have often been overlooked.This oversight is critical,as the environmental fate of biochar is contingent upon understanding these risks.Once released into the environment,biochar can interact with environmental media,potentially releasing associated pollutants and threatening ecosystems.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the unintended environmental and health risks associated with biochar during its production and application to select appropriate types for sustainable development.This review was conducted by systematically analyzing and synthesizing relevant studies from Web of Science,focusing on recent advancements and key debates in the field.It categorizes biochar risks into endogenous and exogenous risks based on the source of pollutants carried by biochar.The review analyzes in detail the impacts of raw materials,preparation processes,and application scenarios on the unintended environmental risks of biochar.Furthermore,it provides a thorough overview of the adverse effects on animals,plants,microorganisms,and human health,elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant release,aging,and nano-effects from environmental geochemical processes involving biochar.Additionally,this review summarizes the environmental risk assessment methods of biochar,providing a reference for its safe application and the sustainable development of biochar-related research.
文摘Correction:Evaluating the two‑pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence Hamed Sanei1,Henrik Ingermann Petersen2,David Chiaramonti3 and Ondrej Masek3,4 Correction:Biochar(2025)7:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00408-0 Following publication of the original article(Sanei et al.2025),it is reported that Fig.1 was incorrect,in which the grey line in the figure was mistakenly moved above the blue dots.The mistake was caused by production during the figure’s conversion process.Incorrect Fig.1.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477277)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012381)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(2024A03J0458)the Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory(22kfhk03)Earth Critical Zone and Ecogeochemistry(PT252022024).
文摘Uranium(U)resources play a crucial role in energy utilization;however,uranium contamination in wastewater and soil has caused severe damage to the ecosystem and human health.Addressing this challenge requires the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable remediation materials.This review highlights the environmental merits of biochar-based materials in uranium decontamination,focusing on the diverse applications of modification techniques for enhancing the properties of pristine biochar.By analyzing over 110 relevant studies,the review demonstrates that biochar derived from various biomass sources,with proper modification,could exhibit high adsorption capacities for immobilising uranium in aqueous and soil environments.The primary removal mechanisms identified include physical adsorption and chemical reduction.These works indicate that biochar,produced from green feedstocks and featuring superior reusability,represents a cost-effective,sustainable solution for uranium remediation.Moreover,its application aligns with carbon sequestration and waste valorization,supporting sustainable development goals.Looking ahead,the engineering performance-oriented biochar materials with tailored physicochemical properties hold significant promise for addressing uranium contamination challenges.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of biochar-based materials as a green alternative for uranium remediation and offers valuable insights into advanced material modification strategies to enhance reactivity and effectiveness.
文摘Correction:Relevant biochar characteristics influencing compressive strength of biochar‑cement mortars Julia Hylton1,Aaron Hugen1,Steven M.Rowland2,Michael Griffin2 and Lori E.Tunstall1 Correction:Biochar 6:87(2024)https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00375-6 Following publication of the original article(Hylton et al.2024),the authors reported that one column of data in Table 12 was submitted with wrong values.Table 12 is changed from.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41807468)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY18E080018)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(Grant No.PCRRF18021).
文摘Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0116300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(4217070510).
文摘Soil acidification negatively affects plant growth,soil microbial composition and diversity,and the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.The primary sources of soil acidity include base cations(BCs)leaching loss,the weathering of aluminum-containing minerals,excess cation uptake by plants,and the transformation of nitrogen,carbon,and sulfur compounds by soil microorganisms.Soil acidity reflects the degree of soil acidification and is characterized by the active acidity(intensity factor)and exchangeable acidity(quantity factor),while soil acid buffering capacity(Acid-BC)(capacity factor)controls the degree and rate of soil acidification.Biochar,as an alkaline,porous and carbonrich matter,not only reduces soil active and exchangeable acidity but also enhances the Acid-BC.Having a variety of BCs and oxygen-containing functional groups(OFGs),biochar improves acidic soil mainly through liming effect,cation exchange,complexation,and precipitation reactions.Thus,to improve acidic soils,the application of biochar may be a better alternative than conventional liming materials.However,further studies into re-acidification of biochar-amended soil due to biochar aging,nitrification of excess fertilizer nitrogen and their interaction are still required by binding the mechanistic comprehension of biochar-to-soil interactions and prolonged field researches.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28090300)the State Key Special Program of Biochar-based Fertilizer Development and Application Technology for Soil Fertility Improvement in Rice(2016YFD0300904-4)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-52)the Training Plan for Excellent Talents in Agricultural Scientific Research and the Special Fund for Academicians.Special thanks to Figdraw(www.figdr aw.com)for its figure support during the preparation of this manuscript’s graphical abstract.
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a key factor in soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions(GHGs).However,the molecular-level change of soil DOM and the implications of GHGs under different long-term fertilization regimes(LFRs)remain elusive.Therefore,we conducted a long-term field experiment with an unfertilized control(CK)and fertilization regimes(chemical fertilizer(F),straw(ST),and biochar(BC)),We employed the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)to explore the molecular-level change of soil DOM.Our findings revealed that LFR,especially BC,increased the quantity,molecular weight,double bond equivalence,aromaticity index and molecular formula complexity of DOM.The F increased the molecular diversity and functional complexity of DOM and decreased the Gibbs free energy(ΔG Cox°),whereas BC and ST decreased the molecular diversity because of greater accumulation of lignin-like compounds and increased theΔG Cox°.The specific molecular evolution and fractionation analysis indicated that LFR increased the aggregation of specific molecules:BC stimulated high O/C and molecularly stable lignin compounds accumulation,whereas ST promoted lignin and unsaturated hydrocarbon compound accumulation.Simultaneously,the F increased GHGs(CH_(4)and N_(2)O),whereas the BC significantly decreased the CH_(4)emissions and the global warming potential.Furthermore,the correlation analysis revealed that the quantity and quality of DOM were closely correlated with GHGs,the quantity of DOM and unstable compounds increased the CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions,and the relative abundance of persistent compounds decreased CH_(4)emissions.These findings elucidate the potential mechanisms by which LFR,especially BC,regulates DOM characteristics and subsequently influences GHGs,which contributes to the development of more effective soil management strategies for mitigating GHGs while maintaining soil health and productivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52200198)Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(NO.tstp20230604)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QB186).
文摘To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.
基金ANRF,Govt of India funded Core Research Grant project(CRG/2023/002423)Start-Up grant provided by University Grant Commission,Govt.of India(grant number F.30-386/2017)Scheme for promoting research among young faculty(GU/Acad./YFPGC/50/2018/1738-79/05)provided to NA by Gauhati University。
文摘Global food requirements necessitating enhanced crop productivity have negative consequences such as soil degradation due to acidification and nutrient leaching escalated by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and consequently increasing greenhouse gas emission.This has sought sustainable organic approaches like soil amendment with biochar to mitigate the adverse consequences of these effects,ensuring balanced ecosystem functioning.Reconciling various studies,this review provides a better understanding of the belowground mechanisms decoding multifaceted traits associated with plant and biochar-microbe-soil tripartite interaction,including microbe-mediated regulation of C and N stoichiometry,soil enzyme functioning,regulation of greenhouse gases,soil respiration rate and alteration in abundance of microbial functional genes.Furthermore,this review exclusively gives holistic insights into specific microbes induced by biochar treatment and their role in altering soil C and N dynamics.It attempts to spur in-depth,long-term studies tackling challenges in sustainable agriculture and mitigate environmental issues to achieve C neutrality and N retention,envisaging a healthy soil ecosystem.
文摘Traditionally,carbon black(CB)has been the predominant reinforcing filler in rubber composites.This preference is due to superior mechanical properties of CB,which stem from its unique high carbon-based structure and high purity.However,the production of CB is energy-intensive,poses significant health risks,and is environmentally detrimental,releasing significant amounts of CO_(2).Consequently,there is a growing interest in finding sustainable alternatives to CB.Biochar(BC),another carbon-rich solid produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under limited oxygen,continues to be studied as a promising,eco-friendly,and low-cost reinforcement filler for rubber composites.BC exhibits high surface area,stability,and carbon content,making it a contender for enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber.Various biomass materials,including rice husks,corncobs,nutshells,grain husks,and palm kernel shells,have been used to produce BC,with its reinforcement potential influenced by production conditions and feedstock type.However,the variation in the feedstock and production protocol has been found to produce BC with different compositional and morphological features which affect the properties of the final vulcanizate in a detrimental manner.Therefore,it is essential to understand the governing factors that optimize the performance of BC in rubber composites.While BC is increasingly viewed as a promising replacement for CB as a reinforcement filler,a detailed evaluation of its reinforcement capabilities remains lacking.This review explores the viability of BC as an alternative to CB or a partial replacement CB,highlighting its environmental benefits and effectiveness in rubber composite applications.Rheological and mechanical properties of BC-incorporated rubber composites never reached the standards of CB.However,a mixture of BC and CB,replacing CB content partially showed promising results.Therefore,further studies are required to find optimum properties for BC to incorporate into the rubber matrix to replace CB.
基金supported by the International Science&Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science(CAASCFSGLCA-IEDA-202302 and CAAS-ZDRW202110)Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(JYTMS20230179)the Young Scientist Exchange Programme between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.
文摘In this research,a novel metal-organic framework-modified biochar composite(MIL-88b@BC)was created for the first time by modifying rice husk biochar using the excellent adsorption properties of metal-organic framework(MOF),as well as reducing the solubility of MOF using biochar as a substrate,aiming to improve the understanding of the adsorption characteristics of rare-earth metal recycling and to predict its adsorption mechanism.Density functional theory(DFT)computations allowed for rationally constructing the adsorption model.According to DFT calculations,the primary processes involved in the adsorption of La^(3+)wereπ–πinteraction and ligand exchange,wherein the surface hydroxyl group played a crucial role.MIL-88b@BC interacted better with La^(3+)than biochar or MOF did.Accompanying batch tests with the theoretical conjecture’s verification demonstrated that the pseudosecond-order model and the Langmuir model,respectively,provided a good fit for the adsorption kinetics and isotherms.The maximum La^(3+)adsorption capacity of MOF@BC(288.89 mg g^(−1))was achieved at pH 6.0,which was significantly higher than the adsorbents’previously documented adsorption capacities.Confirming the DFT estimations,the adsorption capacity of BC@MIL-88b for La^(3+)was higher than that of MOF and BC.Additionally,MOF@BC can be recycled at least four times.To mitigate the growing scarcity of rare earth elements(REEs)and lessen their negative environmental effects,this work laid the path for effectively treating substantial volumes of wastewater produced while mining REEs.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1501200)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28090300)the Special Fund for Academicians。
文摘Biochar offers promising solutions for agricultural sustainability,yet the intricate mechanisms governing rhizosphere metabolite-microbe-soil interactions remain poorly understood.Through a decade-long field experiment,the effects of sustained biochar application(BC1:3 t ha^(−1)and BC2:6 t ha^(−1))versus conventional fertilization(CF)in a continuous soybean system were investigated.The results showed that biochar improved soil properties,especially,BC2,which significantly enhanced porosity(+12.71%),pH(+11.60%),soil organic carbon(+112.45%),enzymatic activities and nutrient content,while reducing bulk density(−9.92%).Notably,the biochar restructured microbial community networks,increasing beneficial taxa(Firmicutes,Enterococcus,Pseudomonas,Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota)while suppressing potential pathogens.Meanwhile,the biochar significantly optimized rhizosphere metabolites,including key defensive compounds(di-O-methyl quercetin,capric acid,hypoxanthines,etc.),and optimized the differential metabolites enriched in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway.Multi-omics analysis revealed strong correlations between differential metabolites and improved soil properties under biochar amendment.Accordingly,these improvements manifested in plant performance,including enhanced root development,plant height,biomass accumulation,and yield.Furthermore,the PLS-PM analysis demonstrated that biochar could promote soybean growth in two key pathway mechanisms that directly enhance soil properties,and indirectly improve soil properties by negatively regulating the key metabolites(capric acid,phosphocreatine,beta 1-tomatine,and daidzin).Our findings provide critical theoretical insights for addressing challenges in soybean continuous cropping systems and advancing sustainable farming practices.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372236)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2302100,2021YFD1901102)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2023-JC-YB-185)the Ningxia key research and development program(2023BCF01018).
文摘Soil acidification poses a significant challenge to soil health worldwide,and biochar emerges as a promising remedy.Nonetheless,a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of biochar on soil pH change is lacking,leaving considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy across different environmental and management contexts.Here,we conducted a meta-analysis of 232 global studies to elucidate the impact of biochar on soil pH and identify key variables influencing its effectiveness.Our findings revealed that biochar application significantly increased soil pH by an average of 5.59%,but it decreased soil pH under certain circumstances.The raw material and pyrolysis temperature of biochar determine its pH.Furthermore,the biochar pH and initial soil pH modulate the magnitude of the biochar liming effect.High soil cation exchange capacity(CEC)values attenuate the biochar liming effect.When combined with organic nitrogen(N)fertilizer(6.95%),biochar increases soil pH more than when combined with inorganic N fertilizer(4.57%).Paddy fields exhibited a more pronounced response to biochar-induced pH elevation(5.98%)than dryland fields(3.75%),attributable to higher MAP,lower initial soil pH and soil CEC,higher biochar application rates and pH,and higher N fertilizer application.Overall,our meta-analysis underscores the lime-enhancing potential of biochar and the pivotal roles of MAP,biochar pH,initial soil pH,initial soil CEC,and farmland utilization mode in shaping its effectiveness.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204187)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2022QD101).
文摘Biochar addition to soils is a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium(Cd)mobilization and carbon emission,but how biochar-to-soil interaction enabling a synergy between these two goals at redox heterointerface remains unclear.Herein,we conducted three types of paddy soil incubations with phosphorus/iron-doped biochar to explore the underlying factors and processes controlling Cd and carbon transformation under redox conditions.Upon flooding,lower soil redox potential resulted in soluble and extractable Cd transformed into Fe/Mn-bound fraction,coinciding with elevated CO_(2)and CH_(4)fluxes.During subsequent drainage,soil pH decrease caused associated Cd transformed back into exchangeable fraction,coupled with cumulative CO_(2)dropped.Both porewater and sequential extraction results revealed that the remobilization of Cd and carbon during redox fluctuations is largely related to Fe/Mn(hydr)oxide-induced effects.Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques determined that the organo-mineral(e.g.,aliphatic C and Fe–O/Si–O groups)interactions are of crucial importance in influencing Cd and carbon distribution patterns on soil microaggregates.Further sequencing and correlation analyses vertified that this biochar facilitated simultaneous Cd and carbon retention via altering soil biogeochemistry,especially redox-controlled abiotic and microbial transformation processes.Overall,these findings shed light on the interactive effects of Cd and carbon mitigation with biochar amendment for redox paddy environments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771723)Innovation Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFB23187A).
文摘Previous studies have shown that reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar amendment can promote sugarcane growth and improve soil quality;however,their long-term effects on the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community in continuously cropped sugarcane remain unclear.A five-year field experiment was conducted with two treatments:basal fertilizer(BF)and basal fertilizer combined with biochar(BF-BC).After fertilization in the first year,and with no additional fertilizers applied in the subsequent years,relevant indicators at the end of the 5-year period were measured.The results showed that,compared with the control BF treatment,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased sugarcane plant height,stem diameter,and leaf nitrogen balance index(NBI)by 10.81%,25.79%,and 33.90%,respectively,and resulted in significant reductions in total root volume and average root diameter by 31.06%and 21.53%(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the rhizosphere soil pH and total potassium(TK)content increased significantly by 17.74%and 79.21%,whereas soil organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),total phosphorus(TP),available potassium(AK),and exchangeable calcium ions(E.Ca^(2+))decreased significantly by 37.67%,39.64%,21.20%,47.29%,and 12.11%,respectively(P<0.05).Despite receiving no additional fertilization following the initial application,the BF-BC treatment still exhibited significant advantages in promoting sugarcane fine root growth,enhancing rhizosphere soil carbon sequestration,and improving fertilizer use efficiency.Additionally,the BF-BC treatment significantly increased the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria such as Leptospirillum,Terrimonas,Actinobacteriota,Sphingobacteriia,Chitinophaga,Cyanobacteriia,and Lechevalieria(P<0.05).Furthermore,the differentially expressed metabolites in the sugarcane rhizosphere were significantly enriched in major metabolic pathways,including steroids and steroid derivatives,fatty acyl groups,purine nucleotides,imidazole pyrimidines,sphingolipids,organic oxygen compounds,indoles and their derivatives,carboxylic acids and derivatives,and benzodioxoles.Importantly,the BF-BC treatment effectively reduced CO_(2)emissions from the soil.In conclusion,the sugarcane root system,surrounding soil,and microorganisms form a complex,interconnected symbiotic ecological network.Thus,even after five years without fertilization,reduced nitrogen combined with biochar application still positively influenced sugarcane root and aboveground biomass growth.This finding suggests that biochar co-application enhances long-term soil fertility.This study provides a reference for fertilization practices and soil improvement in the cultivation of sugarcane and other crops.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177107,42307043,21607125)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2108085MC85).
文摘Carbon fixation by soil autotrophic microbes is an overlooked process in organic carbon anabolism,which is potentially affected by biochar.In this study,we quantified the abundance of functional genes cbbL and cbbM,key components of the widely distributed Calvin cycle,and combined this with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RubisCO)enzyme activity assays and high-throughput sequencing of cbbL-and cbbM-harboring microbial communities to investigate the carbon fixation potential,activity,and community structure under biochar application in paddy and upland soils.Results showed that cbbL consistently dominated over cbbM in both paddy and upland soils,with higher abundances in paddy soils,driven by biochar amendment,rice growth stage,and rhizosphere effects.The rhizosphere acted as a hotspot for cbbL and cbbM genes and RubisCO activity in paddy soil.In upland soils,nitrogen availability(NH_(₄)^(+),dissolved organic nitrogen-DON),microbial biomass carbon,and labile carbon and nitrogen pools(dissolved organic carbon,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase)were consistently associated with cbbL abundance,underscoring their ecological role in soil CO_(2)fixation.In paddy soils,inorganic nitrogen(NH_(₄)^(+),NO_(3)^(⁻),NO_(2)^(⁻)),redox potential(Eh),and urease activity were the main predictors of cbbL abundance and the cbbL/16S ratio,while pH and nitrogen availability(NO_(2)^(⁻),DON)was mostly associated with cbbM/16S ratio.Biochar was the primary driver reshaping the structure of autotrophic microbial communities harboring cbbL and cbbM genes across different soil compartments,including surface soil,rhizosphere,and bulk soil.Pseudomonadota,Cyanobacteriota,Actinomycetota and Chloroflexota were dominant cbbL carriers,while Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota and Myxococcota predominated in cbbM assemblages across soils.Biochar induced functional differentiation of facultative autotrophic taxa under different RubisCO forms by enhancing the abundance of Rhodopseudomonas in cbbM-bearing communities while decreasing it in cbbL-bearing ones.Furthermore,Calvin cycle-mediated CO_(2)fixation was found to couple with pathways including methylotrophy,methanotrophy,iron oxidation and respiration,nitrogen fixation and reduction,and arsenate reduction and detoxification.Collectively,the results of this study emphasize the importance of soil type,micro-environmental conditions,nitrogen status and the impact of biochar in shaping microbial carbon assimilation via the Calvin cycle pathway and the cbbL and cbbM-harboring microbial community.
基金supported by project SWAMP project(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_026/0008403)Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republicsupported by the Grant Agency of the CTU in Prague,grant No.SGS23/154/OHK1/3T/11.
文摘Biochar is a promising material with a wide range of applications.One area of application is as an additive in substrates for green roofs.Green roofs are a way of mitigating climate change,with biochar offering an opportunity to further enhance this benefit and upscale practice.In this field study,the effect of a 5-vol.%addition of wood-based biochar to a green roof substrate is evaluated with respect to a water balance(reduced runoff,increased evapotranspiration,increased plant available water)and hydrophysical properties.Substrate,with and without biochar amendment,was used in different green roof sections.Laboratory hydrophysical analysis,in-situ Volumetric Water Content and meteorological measurements,alongside vegetation monitoring,enabled the development of a 1D Hydrus water balance model and revealed differences between both of the surveyed green roofs.The study demonstrated that the addition of biochar to the substrate improved its hydrophysical properties,leading to increased water retention(7.7%increase in maximum water capacity)and enhanced vegetation growth The biochar amendment resulted in the minor changes in grain size distribution(increase in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm fraction)and increased substrate moisture,which is related to an increase in the plant-available water content(14.2%).This was observable in the retention curves and resulted in an increased moisture availability for plants,leading to an increase in vegetation cover in areas with biochar.The numerical analysis using Hydrus-1D soil hydraulic model showed that the inclusion of biochar in the substrate resulted in a 23.5%increase in evapotranspiration and a 54.7%decrease in runoff.These findings suggest that the addition of biochar to the green roof substrate could enhance the system’s capacity to retain water,reduce runoff and bulk density,and increase the amount of water available for plant growth.The study provides evidence for the potential of wood-based biochar as a sustainable and effective addition to green roof substrates,contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077090)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902903)Key Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Hangzhou(202204T05).
文摘Carbon sequestration in farmland is an important pathway to alleviate global warming.Biochar has been considered an excellent material for soil carbon sequestration because of its high stability.How exogenous minerals and pyrolysis temperature regulate the priming effects(PEs)of biochar on soil organic carbon has rarely been studied,relative microbial mechanisms especially the roles of soil bacteria are far from known.Therefore,a series of biochar was prepared by pyrolysis using(13)^C isotope labelled rice straw at temperatures of 300,500,and 700℃with vermiculite modification(VBC300,VBC500,VBC700)and without modification(BC300,BC500,BC700).Incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the PEs of different biochar on the native organic carbon of two types of soil.Results showed that BC300,VBC300,and BC500 induced positive PE,VBC500,BC700,and VBC700 mainly induced negative PE in red soil.All biochar showed negative PE in paddy soil,with PE intensity order of 500℃>700℃>300℃.Biochar caused a shift in the bacterial phyla from copiotrophic to oligotrophic bacteria in red soil,whereas it shifted from the coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic to copiotrophic in paddy soil over time.Biochar promoted the interaction among soil bacterial communities indicated by an increase in the edge number of bacterial networks.The correlation coefficient between PE and bacteria networks’edge number was 0.626 and 0.909 in red soil and paddy soil,respectively.Vermiculite modification weakened the promotion effect of biochar on bacterial community interaction and thus was beneficial for carbon sequestration,especially in red soil.VBC700 had excellent carbon sequestration potential in red soil,whereas that was VBC500 in paddy soil.
