Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.is widely cultivated in China for its medicinal and culinary uses.Rust disease is prevalant,and hyperparasitism was usually observed in Perilla producing regions annually.The urediniospores...Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.is widely cultivated in China for its medicinal and culinary uses.Rust disease is prevalant,and hyperparasitism was usually observed in Perilla producing regions annually.The urediniospores of Perilla rust fungus are spherical,ovoid,or pyriform,and the conidia of its hyperparasite are oblong,elliptical,or short-cylindrical.A pure culture of the hyperparasite was isolated using the single spore isolation method.The 28S large ribosomal subunit rDNA gene(nrLSU)of rust fungus,and the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS-rDNA)of the hyperparasite were amplified.These two fungi shared 100%identity with Coleosporium plectranthi and Ramularia coleosporii.Phylogenetic trees showed that whole Perilla rust isolates clustered in a clade with C.plectranthi,while the hyperparasite fungus clustered in a clade with R.coleosporii,with a bootstrap support value of 93%and 98%.Combining micro-morphology and molecular sequence alignment,the rust fungus and its hyperparasite were identified as C.plectranthi and R.coleosporii.Urediniospore pustules of C.plectranthi gradually turned white after inoculation of R.coleosporii,while pustules inoculated with PDA plugs showed no change,which confirmed their hyperparasitic relationship.This study determined C.plectranthi as the causal agent of Perilla rust in China,and R.coleosporii as its hyperparasite.展开更多
A positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationship is frequently reported for biotic communities with low diversity levels.However,whether this is also true for highly diverse soil microbial communities re...A positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationship is frequently reported for biotic communities with low diversity levels.However,whether this is also true for highly diverse soil microbial communities remains unclear.The study explored the BEF relationships between species richness and nitrogen(N)-transforming capability of nirK-and nirS-nitrite reducers,nitrous oxide reducers,and nitrite oxidizer communities in soils from five different vegetation types.The results consistently indicated negative BEF patterns in these N-transforming microbes.The relative abundance of keystone taxa from co-occurrence networks increased substantially with species richness but was negatively correlated with functional performance.Network complexity decreased in communities with high species richness.These findings suggest that negative selection and biotic competition may simultaneously generate negative BEF patterns.A conceptual model was also proposed in which the BEF relationship followed a quadratic curve that varied with the level of diversity.Microbial diversity is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecological systems because microorganisms play key roles in nutrient cycling and other essential biogeochemical processes.Recent studies have shown that increased diversity may not always lead to improved ecosystem function.The current study indicated that function decreased with species richness in soil Ntransforming bacterial communities.Keystone taxa were positively correlated with species richness but negatively correlated with function.Community complexity decreased with increasing species richness.These findings suggest that both negative selection effects and biotic competition may simultaneously generate negative biodiversity-ecosystem functional relationships.展开更多
Seed oils in plants are stored mainly as triacylglycerols(TAGs),which are formed by esterifying three fatty acids to glycerol-3-phosphate.They provide the energy needed for seed germination[1].In recent years,the dema...Seed oils in plants are stored mainly as triacylglycerols(TAGs),which are formed by esterifying three fatty acids to glycerol-3-phosphate.They provide the energy needed for seed germination[1].In recent years,the demand for plant oils has grown,making it important to study fatty acids and the transcription factors(TFs)that control fatty acid and TAG synthesis[2].Among the TFs related to fatty acid regulation,WRINKLED1(WRI1)and LEAFY COTYLEDON2(LEC2)are the most widely studied and are regarded as master regulators[3,4].展开更多
Nepal has varieties of rice landraces due to its diverse topography and agroecosystems.This study assessed the rice accessions and cultivation practices with challenges faced by local farmers in the mid-hill village n...Nepal has varieties of rice landraces due to its diverse topography and agroecosystems.This study assessed the rice accessions and cultivation practices with challenges faced by local farmers in the mid-hill village named Karamdi,located in Phedikhola-3,Syangja,Gandaki Province,Nepal,based on a questionnaire survey and a focus group discussion.A total of 11 rice accessions,including eight landraces and three improved were found in the study area.The most popular landraces were Pahale,Khole-Jarpani,and Gola.Annual rice production totals about 22.2 tons with a yield of 1.862 t/ha.However,according to the survey 63.83%of households report insufficient rice supply,due to changes in food culture,soil erosion,flooding,manpower shortages,and human-Rhesus macaque conflict.Villagers purchase 47.75 quintals of rice annually at NRs.343,800.This research provides insights into rice cultivation and the challenges faced by farmers in Nepal's mid-hills.展开更多
The Dendrobium kingianum is a highly valued ornamental plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family whose propagation relies on time-consuming stem cutting and protocorm-like body proliferation.To optimize its propagatio...The Dendrobium kingianum is a highly valued ornamental plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family whose propagation relies on time-consuming stem cutting and protocorm-like body proliferation.To optimize its propagation system,roots,leaves,and lateral buds of Dendrobium kingianum plants were taken to investigate embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryogenesis.Embryogenic callus was induced on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA,1.5 mg/L 6-BA,and 10−7 mol/L PSK when lateral buds served as explants.Many somatic embryos were generated on G4 medium(1.0 g/L Hyponex No.1+1.0 g/L Hyponex No.2+15 g/L sucrose+3 g/L Phytagel+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA+10 g/L corn starch+200 mL/L coconut water),which developed into robust seedlings after rooting.The original embryogenic calluses proliferated continuously for more than half a year,and the newly proliferated ones possessed the capacity to develop into seedlings,indicating an efficient propagation system for Dendrobium kingianum via somatic embryogenesis with potential for scale production.展开更多
Auxin is a pivotal hormone that regulates plant growth and development;however,excessive levels can inhibit growth,making auxin analogs valuable as herbicides.Paraquat,a synthetic organic herbicide,has been widely use...Auxin is a pivotal hormone that regulates plant growth and development;however,excessive levels can inhibit growth,making auxin analogs valuable as herbicides.Paraquat,a synthetic organic herbicide,has been widely used in agricultural weed control.While previous studies have largely examined the individual effects of auxinic herbicides or paraquat on weeds,the combined application of auxin and paraquat remains unexplored.This study investigates the combined effects of auxin and paraquat on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.The results reveal that paraquat and auxin have antagonistic effects on hypocotyl elongation,root thickening,and lateral root formation in Arabidopsis seedlings,while they have additive effects on cotyledon bleaching.Further analyses indicate that paraquat inhibits the expression of polar auxin transport and auxin signaling pathway genes.These findings provide a basis for elucidating the interaction mechanism between auxin and paraquat,which may help to optimize weed management strategies in agriculture.展开更多
Strain Z35,isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy Panax pseudoginseng under long-term continuous cropping,exhibits strong antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and shows potential as a biocontrol agent.Ho...Strain Z35,isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy Panax pseudoginseng under long-term continuous cropping,exhibits strong antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and shows potential as a biocontrol agent.However,the genetic and metabolic basis of its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting functions remain unclear.In this study,plate confrontation assays confirmed that Z35 inhibited F.oxysporum by up to 75%.Whole-genome sequencing using the PacBio platform revealed a 38.65 Mb genome with seven contigs and one scaffold,a GC content of 47.48%,and 99.9%completeness(BUSCO).Phylogenetic analysis identified Z35 as Trichoderma koningiopsis.Genome annotation uncovered 49 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and 717 functionally relevant genes,including clusters related to nonribosomal peptide synthetases(NRPS),polyketide synthases(PKS),and terpenes.These clusters are potentially responsible for producing bioactive compounds such as clavaric acid,the metachelin series,dimerumic acid,ascochlorin,and trichoxide.Non-targeted metabolomic profiling validated the presence of these metabolites in Z35 fermentation products,supporting their role in antifungal activity and plant-beneficial effects.This study provides insights into the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying Z35's biocontrol potential,offering a theoretical basis for its further development and application in sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Root rot in Panax notoginseng is primarily caused by Fusarium oxysporum.A rhizosphere-derived Trichoderma hamatum strain,Z32,was isolated and evaluated for its biocontrol potential.Dual culture assays showed that Z32 ...Root rot in Panax notoginseng is primarily caused by Fusarium oxysporum.A rhizosphere-derived Trichoderma hamatum strain,Z32,was isolated and evaluated for its biocontrol potential.Dual culture assays showed that Z32 inhibited F.oxysporum's growth by 62%,and microscopy revealed hyphal coiling,indicating competition-based antagonism.Genome sequencing produced a 42.69 Mb assembly with 10,837 predicted genes,including 451 carbohydrate-active enzyme(CAZyme)genes involved in cell wall degradation.Ten biosynthetic gene clusters related to antimicrobial metabolites were identified,and metabolomic profiling confirmed multiple antifungal and growth-promoting compounds.These findings reveal that T.hamatum Z32 suppresses soilborne pathogens through diverse mechanisms,providing a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for controlling root rot in P.notoginseng.展开更多
The advancement of life in all its forms relies on agricultural practices and food security,which are fundamentally influenced by soil characteristics.The demand for agricultural products has surged due to climate cha...The advancement of life in all its forms relies on agricultural practices and food security,which are fundamentally influenced by soil characteristics.The demand for agricultural products has surged due to climate change and global population growth,leading to a significant increase in the utilization of chemical fertilizers.Since chemical agents have affected soil fertility and quality by degradation,causing the development of agricultural fields with rich soil to be incomprehensible,consideration for a secure and profitable agricultural production has drifted.Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have established eco-evolutionary relationships with host plants,fitness,and productivity.Microbial renaissance driven by plant growth regulators has been successfully achieved through disease resistance in emerging pathogens,bio-fertilization,rhizoremediation,and stimulating root growth.PGPR can profoundly increase plant growth by producing growth hormones,improving nutrient uptake,suppressing plant pathogens,and protecting against biotic and abiotic stress conditions.Here,we provide insight into sustainable agricultural development aimed at increasing crop yield and production by exploring the mechanisms and commercial applications of potential rhizobacteria under changing climatic conditions.展开更多
Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boast...Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boasts a cultivation history spanning approximately 2,000 years.Roses were widely planted in gardens during the Han Dynasty and reached their zenith in popularity during the Tang Dynasty[1].In the 18th century,breeders crossed ancient Chinese rose varieties with native European roses,resulting in the creation of Hybrid Tea Roses capable of blooming year-round.This marked a significant transition from Old Garden Roses to Modern Garden Roses[2].展开更多
Orphan crops hold significant potential for global food security,particularly in addressing climate change,population growth,and demands for nutritional diversity.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances...Orphan crops hold significant potential for global food security,particularly in addressing climate change,population growth,and demands for nutritional diversity.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in genomic research and genetic improvement of orphan crops,exploring how enhanced yield,stress resilience,and nutritional value can address global food challenges.Studies reveal that orphan crops possess rich genetic diversity,enabling the identification and optimization of key genes through genome sequencing,gene editing(e.g.,CRISPR/Cas9),and conventional breeding to improve critical agronomic traits.The paper synthesizes the characteristics of genetic resources,progress in traditional breeding,discovery of advantageous genes,and improvement strategies in the whole-genome era,while also analyzing their linkages to human health and current challenges.The research underscores that the development and utilization of orphan crops offer innovative strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture and'Zero Hunger'posed by the United Nations,despite remaining hurdles such as insufficient research investment and limited market adoption.展开更多
Tea,originating in China over 3,000 years ago,has transitioned from a medicinal herb to a widely consumed beverage.Despite considerable research focusing on tea plants in southwestern China,little attention has been p...Tea,originating in China over 3,000 years ago,has transitioned from a medicinal herb to a widely consumed beverage.Despite considerable research focusing on tea plants in southwestern China,little attention has been paid to those on Hainan Island.The notable resemblance between Hainan tea and C.sinensis var.assamica,alongside the unique geographical and climatic conditions of Hainan Island,has presented significant challenges for taxonomic and genetic investigations concerning Hainan tea.Our study bridged this gap by collecting 500 samples from Hainan Province and employing whole-genome resequencing to examine interspecific differences between Hainan tea and cultivated varieties.The findings confirmed the distinct taxonomic position of Hainan tea within Camellia sinensis,providing valuable insights for resource conservation and molecular breeding.Furthermore,our methodology offers a framework for investigating the origin,domestication,and genetic diversity of other species native to Hainan Island.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is an important staple grain cultivated globally.It serves as a primary host to numerous pathogenic microorganisms.Sheath blight(ShB)is one of the three major diseases of rice,caused by the infect...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is an important staple grain cultivated globally.It serves as a primary host to numerous pathogenic microorganisms.Sheath blight(ShB)is one of the three major diseases of rice,caused by the infection of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn,leading to a substantial reduction in crop yields[1].Rice ShB exhibits a broad distribution,frequent occurrence,high harm,and a soil-borne nature.Consequently,it has become a global threat to the safety and productivity of rice cultivation[2].展开更多
The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes w...The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.展开更多
Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most la...Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most land plants.Local host preference is frequently reported as a factor in structuring AM fungal communities.There lacks study about whether AM fungi-host preference could structure AM fungal communities at the regional scales.Here,AM fungal communities of 296 root samples were revealed,encompassing 76 plant species from 29 plant families,which were sampled in steppe in the Xilingol Grassland in northern China.The relative importance of plant phylogeny,geographical distance,and environmental variables were characterized on phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities with GLMM-MCMC(the generalized linear mixed model using Markov chain Monte Carlo)and Mantel test approaches.Geographic distance appeared to be more important to the phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities than plant phylogeny and environmental variables,evidencing the role of dispersal limitation in shaping the root AM fungal communities.A great majority of phylogenetic beta diversity(betaNTI and betaNRI)is distributed between−2 and+2,which also suggested a random pattern of AM fungal communities.Here,empirical evidence supporting that dispersal limitation is the main determinant of AM fungal communities at the landscape scale is provided and it is suggested that AM fungal communities are mainly structured by stochastic events.展开更多
Life on Earth has evolved over four billion years,resulting in marvellous biodiversity despite at least five massive extinctions.The interactions between environment and organisms have formed a complex ecosystem,a mag...Life on Earth has evolved over four billion years,resulting in marvellous biodiversity despite at least five massive extinctions.The interactions between environment and organisms have formed a complex ecosystem,a magnificent scroll unfurling throughout history,and recording this spectacular story of the evolution of life.As a critical factor in advancing the plot,humans have established themselves in the ecological pyramid,drawing on various species for nourishment and essential resources.About 10,000 to 15,000 years ago,humans began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals,striking sparks in the Mesopotamian Plains,and thereafter,multiple agrarian centres sprouted up across the Earth,and the enormous biological diversity flourished deriving from such continuous,deliberate activities until today.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3501504)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032).
文摘Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.is widely cultivated in China for its medicinal and culinary uses.Rust disease is prevalant,and hyperparasitism was usually observed in Perilla producing regions annually.The urediniospores of Perilla rust fungus are spherical,ovoid,or pyriform,and the conidia of its hyperparasite are oblong,elliptical,or short-cylindrical.A pure culture of the hyperparasite was isolated using the single spore isolation method.The 28S large ribosomal subunit rDNA gene(nrLSU)of rust fungus,and the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS-rDNA)of the hyperparasite were amplified.These two fungi shared 100%identity with Coleosporium plectranthi and Ramularia coleosporii.Phylogenetic trees showed that whole Perilla rust isolates clustered in a clade with C.plectranthi,while the hyperparasite fungus clustered in a clade with R.coleosporii,with a bootstrap support value of 93%and 98%.Combining micro-morphology and molecular sequence alignment,the rust fungus and its hyperparasite were identified as C.plectranthi and R.coleosporii.Urediniospore pustules of C.plectranthi gradually turned white after inoculation of R.coleosporii,while pustules inoculated with PDA plugs showed no change,which confirmed their hyperparasitic relationship.This study determined C.plectranthi as the causal agent of Perilla rust in China,and R.coleosporii as its hyperparasite.
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CAFYBB2019QB001)the National Key R&D Fund(Grant No.2023YFF130440302)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31870099).
文摘A positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationship is frequently reported for biotic communities with low diversity levels.However,whether this is also true for highly diverse soil microbial communities remains unclear.The study explored the BEF relationships between species richness and nitrogen(N)-transforming capability of nirK-and nirS-nitrite reducers,nitrous oxide reducers,and nitrite oxidizer communities in soils from five different vegetation types.The results consistently indicated negative BEF patterns in these N-transforming microbes.The relative abundance of keystone taxa from co-occurrence networks increased substantially with species richness but was negatively correlated with functional performance.Network complexity decreased in communities with high species richness.These findings suggest that negative selection and biotic competition may simultaneously generate negative BEF patterns.A conceptual model was also proposed in which the BEF relationship followed a quadratic curve that varied with the level of diversity.Microbial diversity is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecological systems because microorganisms play key roles in nutrient cycling and other essential biogeochemical processes.Recent studies have shown that increased diversity may not always lead to improved ecosystem function.The current study indicated that function decreased with species richness in soil Ntransforming bacterial communities.Keystone taxa were positively correlated with species richness but negatively correlated with function.Community complexity decreased with increasing species richness.These findings suggest that both negative selection effects and biotic competition may simultaneously generate negative biodiversity-ecosystem functional relationships.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)through the Mid-Career Researcher Program(RS-2025-00514459)the Basic Research Laboratory Program(RS-2024-00410854)as well as by the Rural Development Administration of the Republic of Korea through the New Breeding Technologies Development Program(RS-2024-00322277).
文摘Seed oils in plants are stored mainly as triacylglycerols(TAGs),which are formed by esterifying three fatty acids to glycerol-3-phosphate.They provide the energy needed for seed germination[1].In recent years,the demand for plant oils has grown,making it important to study fatty acids and the transcription factors(TFs)that control fatty acid and TAG synthesis[2].Among the TFs related to fatty acid regulation,WRINKLED1(WRI1)and LEAFY COTYLEDON2(LEC2)are the most widely studied and are regarded as master regulators[3,4].
文摘Nepal has varieties of rice landraces due to its diverse topography and agroecosystems.This study assessed the rice accessions and cultivation practices with challenges faced by local farmers in the mid-hill village named Karamdi,located in Phedikhola-3,Syangja,Gandaki Province,Nepal,based on a questionnaire survey and a focus group discussion.A total of 11 rice accessions,including eight landraces and three improved were found in the study area.The most popular landraces were Pahale,Khole-Jarpani,and Gola.Annual rice production totals about 22.2 tons with a yield of 1.862 t/ha.However,according to the survey 63.83%of households report insufficient rice supply,due to changes in food culture,soil erosion,flooding,manpower shortages,and human-Rhesus macaque conflict.Villagers purchase 47.75 quintals of rice annually at NRs.343,800.This research provides insights into rice cultivation and the challenges faced by farmers in Nepal's mid-hills.
基金supported by Yunnan Xingdian Talents—Youth Special Project(Grant No.XDYC-QNRC-2022-0731)Yunnan Seed Laboratory Project(Grant No.202205AR070001-2024KF01)Yunnan Xingdian Talents—Special Selection Project for High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Teams-Team Specific Project,Xingdian Talent Support Project(Grant No.CYRC2020004).
文摘The Dendrobium kingianum is a highly valued ornamental plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family whose propagation relies on time-consuming stem cutting and protocorm-like body proliferation.To optimize its propagation system,roots,leaves,and lateral buds of Dendrobium kingianum plants were taken to investigate embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryogenesis.Embryogenic callus was induced on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA,1.5 mg/L 6-BA,and 10−7 mol/L PSK when lateral buds served as explants.Many somatic embryos were generated on G4 medium(1.0 g/L Hyponex No.1+1.0 g/L Hyponex No.2+15 g/L sucrose+3 g/L Phytagel+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA+10 g/L corn starch+200 mL/L coconut water),which developed into robust seedlings after rooting.The original embryogenic calluses proliferated continuously for more than half a year,and the newly proliferated ones possessed the capacity to develop into seedlings,indicating an efficient propagation system for Dendrobium kingianum via somatic embryogenesis with potential for scale production.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070281 and 32370271 to Shuzhen Men).
文摘Auxin is a pivotal hormone that regulates plant growth and development;however,excessive levels can inhibit growth,making auxin analogs valuable as herbicides.Paraquat,a synthetic organic herbicide,has been widely used in agricultural weed control.While previous studies have largely examined the individual effects of auxinic herbicides or paraquat on weeds,the combined application of auxin and paraquat remains unexplored.This study investigates the combined effects of auxin and paraquat on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.The results reveal that paraquat and auxin have antagonistic effects on hypocotyl elongation,root thickening,and lateral root formation in Arabidopsis seedlings,while they have additive effects on cotyledon bleaching.Further analyses indicate that paraquat inhibits the expression of polar auxin transport and auxin signaling pathway genes.These findings provide a basis for elucidating the interaction mechanism between auxin and paraquat,which may help to optimize weed management strategies in agriculture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(2021YFD1601003)the Project of The Sino-Vietnamese International Joint Laboratory for Characteristic&Cash Crops Green Development of Yunnan Province(202403AP140013)Development and Application of Personalized Cigarette Products'(2023CP02).
文摘Strain Z35,isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy Panax pseudoginseng under long-term continuous cropping,exhibits strong antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and shows potential as a biocontrol agent.However,the genetic and metabolic basis of its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting functions remain unclear.In this study,plate confrontation assays confirmed that Z35 inhibited F.oxysporum by up to 75%.Whole-genome sequencing using the PacBio platform revealed a 38.65 Mb genome with seven contigs and one scaffold,a GC content of 47.48%,and 99.9%completeness(BUSCO).Phylogenetic analysis identified Z35 as Trichoderma koningiopsis.Genome annotation uncovered 49 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and 717 functionally relevant genes,including clusters related to nonribosomal peptide synthetases(NRPS),polyketide synthases(PKS),and terpenes.These clusters are potentially responsible for producing bioactive compounds such as clavaric acid,the metachelin series,dimerumic acid,ascochlorin,and trichoxide.Non-targeted metabolomic profiling validated the presence of these metabolites in Z35 fermentation products,supporting their role in antifungal activity and plant-beneficial effects.This study provides insights into the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying Z35's biocontrol potential,offering a theoretical basis for its further development and application in sustainable agriculture.
基金funded by The Sino-Vietnamese International Joint Laboratory for Characteristic&Cash Crops Green Development of Yunnan Province(202403AP140013)the National Key Research and Development(2021YFD1601003)Yunnan Provincial Joint Funds for Agriculture General Program(202301BD070001-198).
文摘Root rot in Panax notoginseng is primarily caused by Fusarium oxysporum.A rhizosphere-derived Trichoderma hamatum strain,Z32,was isolated and evaluated for its biocontrol potential.Dual culture assays showed that Z32 inhibited F.oxysporum's growth by 62%,and microscopy revealed hyphal coiling,indicating competition-based antagonism.Genome sequencing produced a 42.69 Mb assembly with 10,837 predicted genes,including 451 carbohydrate-active enzyme(CAZyme)genes involved in cell wall degradation.Ten biosynthetic gene clusters related to antimicrobial metabolites were identified,and metabolomic profiling confirmed multiple antifungal and growth-promoting compounds.These findings reveal that T.hamatum Z32 suppresses soilborne pathogens through diverse mechanisms,providing a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for controlling root rot in P.notoginseng.
基金supported by the Yunnan Agricultural University Startup Fund(20232020003).
文摘The advancement of life in all its forms relies on agricultural practices and food security,which are fundamentally influenced by soil characteristics.The demand for agricultural products has surged due to climate change and global population growth,leading to a significant increase in the utilization of chemical fertilizers.Since chemical agents have affected soil fertility and quality by degradation,causing the development of agricultural fields with rich soil to be incomprehensible,consideration for a secure and profitable agricultural production has drifted.Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have established eco-evolutionary relationships with host plants,fitness,and productivity.Microbial renaissance driven by plant growth regulators has been successfully achieved through disease resistance in emerging pathogens,bio-fertilization,rhizoremediation,and stimulating root growth.PGPR can profoundly increase plant growth by producing growth hormones,improving nutrient uptake,suppressing plant pathogens,and protecting against biotic and abiotic stress conditions.Here,we provide insight into sustainable agricultural development aimed at increasing crop yield and production by exploring the mechanisms and commercial applications of potential rhizobacteria under changing climatic conditions.
基金funded by the Yunnan Xingdian Talents-Youth Special Project(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0731)Yunnan Xingdian Talents-Special Selection Project for High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Teams-Team Specific Project and High-level Talent Introduction Program of Yunnan Province-Industrial Talent Special Project(YNQR-CYRC-2020-004).
文摘Roses,often referred to as the'Queen of Flowers',hold significant economic and medicinal value.They are among the world's four major cut flowers.As one of the original centers of rose diversity,China boasts a cultivation history spanning approximately 2,000 years.Roses were widely planted in gardens during the Han Dynasty and reached their zenith in popularity during the Tang Dynasty[1].In the 18th century,breeders crossed ancient Chinese rose varieties with native European roses,resulting in the creation of Hybrid Tea Roses capable of blooming year-round.This marked a significant transition from Old Garden Roses to Modern Garden Roses[2].
文摘Orphan crops hold significant potential for global food security,particularly in addressing climate change,population growth,and demands for nutritional diversity.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in genomic research and genetic improvement of orphan crops,exploring how enhanced yield,stress resilience,and nutritional value can address global food challenges.Studies reveal that orphan crops possess rich genetic diversity,enabling the identification and optimization of key genes through genome sequencing,gene editing(e.g.,CRISPR/Cas9),and conventional breeding to improve critical agronomic traits.The paper synthesizes the characteristics of genetic resources,progress in traditional breeding,discovery of advantageous genes,and improvement strategies in the whole-genome era,while also analyzing their linkages to human health and current challenges.The research underscores that the development and utilization of orphan crops offer innovative strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture and'Zero Hunger'posed by the United Nations,despite remaining hurdles such as insufficient research investment and limited market adoption.
基金supported by the Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research Project(HAAS2022KJCX03)Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Germplasm Resource Bank Construction and Resource Innovation Utilization of Wuzhishan Big Leaf Tea(ZDYF2024XDNY245)Monitoring and Analysis of Key Quality Components of Hainan Big Leaf Black Tea and Development and Demonstration of New Standardized Processing Technology(WZSKTPXM202202).
文摘Tea,originating in China over 3,000 years ago,has transitioned from a medicinal herb to a widely consumed beverage.Despite considerable research focusing on tea plants in southwestern China,little attention has been paid to those on Hainan Island.The notable resemblance between Hainan tea and C.sinensis var.assamica,alongside the unique geographical and climatic conditions of Hainan Island,has presented significant challenges for taxonomic and genetic investigations concerning Hainan tea.Our study bridged this gap by collecting 500 samples from Hainan Province and employing whole-genome resequencing to examine interspecific differences between Hainan tea and cultivated varieties.The findings confirmed the distinct taxonomic position of Hainan tea within Camellia sinensis,providing valuable insights for resource conservation and molecular breeding.Furthermore,our methodology offers a framework for investigating the origin,domestication,and genetic diversity of other species native to Hainan Island.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571985 and 31330063).
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is an important staple grain cultivated globally.It serves as a primary host to numerous pathogenic microorganisms.Sheath blight(ShB)is one of the three major diseases of rice,caused by the infection of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn,leading to a substantial reduction in crop yields[1].Rice ShB exhibits a broad distribution,frequent occurrence,high harm,and a soil-borne nature.Consequently,it has become a global threat to the safety and productivity of rice cultivation[2].
基金supported by the Talent cultivation funding supported by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2023RCYP-06)the Scientific and Technological Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(Academician Expert Workstation)(202305AF150165)the Xingdian Talent Support Project(CYRC2020004).
文摘The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAFYBB2019QB001,CAFYBB2020ZB001)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31870099)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020102).
文摘Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most land plants.Local host preference is frequently reported as a factor in structuring AM fungal communities.There lacks study about whether AM fungi-host preference could structure AM fungal communities at the regional scales.Here,AM fungal communities of 296 root samples were revealed,encompassing 76 plant species from 29 plant families,which were sampled in steppe in the Xilingol Grassland in northern China.The relative importance of plant phylogeny,geographical distance,and environmental variables were characterized on phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities with GLMM-MCMC(the generalized linear mixed model using Markov chain Monte Carlo)and Mantel test approaches.Geographic distance appeared to be more important to the phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities than plant phylogeny and environmental variables,evidencing the role of dispersal limitation in shaping the root AM fungal communities.A great majority of phylogenetic beta diversity(betaNTI and betaNRI)is distributed between−2 and+2,which also suggested a random pattern of AM fungal communities.Here,empirical evidence supporting that dispersal limitation is the main determinant of AM fungal communities at the landscape scale is provided and it is suggested that AM fungal communities are mainly structured by stochastic events.
文摘Life on Earth has evolved over four billion years,resulting in marvellous biodiversity despite at least five massive extinctions.The interactions between environment and organisms have formed a complex ecosystem,a magnificent scroll unfurling throughout history,and recording this spectacular story of the evolution of life.As a critical factor in advancing the plot,humans have established themselves in the ecological pyramid,drawing on various species for nourishment and essential resources.About 10,000 to 15,000 years ago,humans began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals,striking sparks in the Mesopotamian Plains,and thereafter,multiple agrarian centres sprouted up across the Earth,and the enormous biological diversity flourished deriving from such continuous,deliberate activities until today.
