Ammonia(NH3)has been widely recognized as a key precursor of atmospheric secondary aerosol formation.Vehicle emission is a major source of urban atmospheric NH3.With the tightening of emission standards and the growin...Ammonia(NH3)has been widely recognized as a key precursor of atmospheric secondary aerosol formation.Vehicle emission is a major source of urban atmospheric NH3.With the tightening of emission standards and the growing trend of vehicle fleet electrification,it is imperative to update the emission factors for NH3 from real-world on-road fleets.In this study,a tunnel measurement was conducted in the urban area of Tianjin,China.The fleet-average NH3 emission factor(EF)was 11.2 mg/(km·veh),significantly lower than those in previous studies,showing the benefit of emission standard updating.Through a multiple linear regression analysis,the EFs of light-duty gasoline vehicles,light-duty diesel vehicles,and heavy-duty diesel vehicles(HDDVs)were estimated to be 5.7±0.6 mg/(km·veh),40.8±5.1 mg/(km·veh),and 160.2±16.6 mg/(km·veh),respectively.Based on the results from this study,we found that HDDVs,which comprise<3%of the total vehicles may contribute approximately 22%of total NH3 emissions in Tianjin.Our results highlight NH3 emissions from HDDVs,a previously potentially overlooked source of NH3 emissions in urban areas.The actual on-road NH3 emissions from HDDVs may exceed current expectations,posing a growing concern for the future.展开更多
The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heat...The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heater(SAH)integrated with an internal thermal storage unit using Waste Automotive Oil(WAO).The SAH was designed based on the circulation of confined air around the internal thermal storage unit due to the updraft effects of hot air.Two SAHs were tested to compare the performance of WAO and water,with the results being compared to previous work that utilised phase change material.Results showed that WAO responds faster in the early stage,while water has slightly higher daytime efficiency,with a maximum temperature of 60℃,while WAO reached a maximum temperature of 76℃.During the discharge cycle,WAO achieved an efficiency of 65.7%,while the water’s efficiency 73.2% within the same period.The highest outlet air temperatures recorded were 43℃ for WAO and 33.8℃ for water.These findings support that water is suitable for applications requiring rapid thermal charging,while WAO offers extended thermal stability.The study highlights the feasibility of using low-cost materials,such as WAO and water,to enhance the performance of solar energy systems,thereby making them more viable for industrial applications like drying and heating.展开更多
The decarbonization of transportation and environmental quality enhancement have become more and more reliant on eco-innovation,which incorporates both technological change and systemic coordination and governance.The...The decarbonization of transportation and environmental quality enhancement have become more and more reliant on eco-innovation,which incorporates both technological change and systemic coordination and governance.The review is a summary of the evidence that can be translated into environmental sustainability outcomes on how smart vehicle technologies,including electrified powertrains and vehicle-grid interfaces,connected and cooperative systems(Vehicleto-Everything,V2X),automation and advanced automation,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)-enabled optimization can be transformed.Using a structured analytical framework linking technology capability to eco-innovation mechanisms and sustainability impacts,we reconcile findings across operational,well-to-wheel,and life-cycle boundaries.The literature indicates that electrification delivers strong local air-quality benefits and,in most contexts,substantial climate gains,but net outcomes depend on grid carbon intensity,charging time profiles,battery production,and end-of-life pathways,making managed charging and circularity pivotal complements.Connectivity and cooperative control improve energy efficiency primarily through coordination effects such as traffic smoothing,eco-routing,and platooning,yet benefits are non-linear and sensitive to penetration rates and infrastructure interoperability.Automation offers efficiency and safety co-benefits but exhibits the widest uncertainty because induced demand,empty travel,and mode substitution can offset per-vehicle improvements.AI-driven fleet optimization can reduce empty miles and extend component life,although computational and hardware overhead and rapid obsolescence can introduce trade-offs.We identify persistent gaps in comparability,non-exhaust emissions assessment,causal evaluation at scale,and equity-aware impact metrics,and propose a research and policy agenda emphasizing integrated Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)system modeling,standardized reporting,interoperable data governance,and demand management to secure durable environmental gains.展开更多
基金supported by the National key research and development program of China(No.2022YFE0135000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42175123)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.23JCJQJC00170).
文摘Ammonia(NH3)has been widely recognized as a key precursor of atmospheric secondary aerosol formation.Vehicle emission is a major source of urban atmospheric NH3.With the tightening of emission standards and the growing trend of vehicle fleet electrification,it is imperative to update the emission factors for NH3 from real-world on-road fleets.In this study,a tunnel measurement was conducted in the urban area of Tianjin,China.The fleet-average NH3 emission factor(EF)was 11.2 mg/(km·veh),significantly lower than those in previous studies,showing the benefit of emission standard updating.Through a multiple linear regression analysis,the EFs of light-duty gasoline vehicles,light-duty diesel vehicles,and heavy-duty diesel vehicles(HDDVs)were estimated to be 5.7±0.6 mg/(km·veh),40.8±5.1 mg/(km·veh),and 160.2±16.6 mg/(km·veh),respectively.Based on the results from this study,we found that HDDVs,which comprise<3%of the total vehicles may contribute approximately 22%of total NH3 emissions in Tianjin.Our results highlight NH3 emissions from HDDVs,a previously potentially overlooked source of NH3 emissions in urban areas.The actual on-road NH3 emissions from HDDVs may exceed current expectations,posing a growing concern for the future.
文摘The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heater(SAH)integrated with an internal thermal storage unit using Waste Automotive Oil(WAO).The SAH was designed based on the circulation of confined air around the internal thermal storage unit due to the updraft effects of hot air.Two SAHs were tested to compare the performance of WAO and water,with the results being compared to previous work that utilised phase change material.Results showed that WAO responds faster in the early stage,while water has slightly higher daytime efficiency,with a maximum temperature of 60℃,while WAO reached a maximum temperature of 76℃.During the discharge cycle,WAO achieved an efficiency of 65.7%,while the water’s efficiency 73.2% within the same period.The highest outlet air temperatures recorded were 43℃ for WAO and 33.8℃ for water.These findings support that water is suitable for applications requiring rapid thermal charging,while WAO offers extended thermal stability.The study highlights the feasibility of using low-cost materials,such as WAO and water,to enhance the performance of solar energy systems,thereby making them more viable for industrial applications like drying and heating.
文摘The decarbonization of transportation and environmental quality enhancement have become more and more reliant on eco-innovation,which incorporates both technological change and systemic coordination and governance.The review is a summary of the evidence that can be translated into environmental sustainability outcomes on how smart vehicle technologies,including electrified powertrains and vehicle-grid interfaces,connected and cooperative systems(Vehicleto-Everything,V2X),automation and advanced automation,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)-enabled optimization can be transformed.Using a structured analytical framework linking technology capability to eco-innovation mechanisms and sustainability impacts,we reconcile findings across operational,well-to-wheel,and life-cycle boundaries.The literature indicates that electrification delivers strong local air-quality benefits and,in most contexts,substantial climate gains,but net outcomes depend on grid carbon intensity,charging time profiles,battery production,and end-of-life pathways,making managed charging and circularity pivotal complements.Connectivity and cooperative control improve energy efficiency primarily through coordination effects such as traffic smoothing,eco-routing,and platooning,yet benefits are non-linear and sensitive to penetration rates and infrastructure interoperability.Automation offers efficiency and safety co-benefits but exhibits the widest uncertainty because induced demand,empty travel,and mode substitution can offset per-vehicle improvements.AI-driven fleet optimization can reduce empty miles and extend component life,although computational and hardware overhead and rapid obsolescence can introduce trade-offs.We identify persistent gaps in comparability,non-exhaust emissions assessment,causal evaluation at scale,and equity-aware impact metrics,and propose a research and policy agenda emphasizing integrated Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)system modeling,standardized reporting,interoperable data governance,and demand management to secure durable environmental gains.
