美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生...美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生理指标和行为能力的影响,本文通过人工气候室模拟驾驶舱高温环境,选用18~25岁的健康男性飞行学员和普通大学生进行对照实验,采用无线生理设备监测不同人体核心温度-时间下人体生理指标的变化,并采用神经行为评估系统测评人体行为能力指标的变化。实验结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,人体核心温度、皮肤温度和心率增加,但均在人体生理耐限范围内;随着环境温度的升高,动静脉血氧饱和度下降,无统计学差异;人体在不同人体核心温度-时间下各项行为能力除视觉保留能力外均没有明显改变,差异无统计学意义;MSHWG给出的人体核心温度限制值对于飞行人员的生理负荷和行为能力的影响均在安全范围内。展开更多
The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting...The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.展开更多
文摘美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生理指标和行为能力的影响,本文通过人工气候室模拟驾驶舱高温环境,选用18~25岁的健康男性飞行学员和普通大学生进行对照实验,采用无线生理设备监测不同人体核心温度-时间下人体生理指标的变化,并采用神经行为评估系统测评人体行为能力指标的变化。实验结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,人体核心温度、皮肤温度和心率增加,但均在人体生理耐限范围内;随着环境温度的升高,动静脉血氧饱和度下降,无统计学差异;人体在不同人体核心温度-时间下各项行为能力除视觉保留能力外均没有明显改变,差异无统计学意义;MSHWG给出的人体核心温度限制值对于飞行人员的生理负荷和行为能力的影响均在安全范围内。
基金supported by the Airworthiness Technology Research Center of Beihang University,China.
文摘The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.
