Over the past years Chinese space chemists have done much work on space chemistry and related disciplines, especially on the solar nebular evolution,meteorjtes, comparative planetology and the origin and evolution of ...Over the past years Chinese space chemists have done much work on space chemistry and related disciplines, especially on the solar nebular evolution,meteorjtes, comparative planetology and the origin and evolution of the Earth.In this paper, the authors outline the main achievements and briefly describe some new views and hypotheses.展开更多
This is the thirteenth in the series of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Symposia organized by the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP)and held approximately every four years.SCOSTEP is engaged in three...This is the thirteenth in the series of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Symposia organized by the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP)and held approximately every four years.SCOSTEP is engaged in three activities:long-term scientific programs,capacity building,and public outreach.The scientific programs are designed to advance our understanding of the solar terrestrial relationship using spaceand ground-based data,cutting-edge models,and theory.SCOSTEP programs are thus of interdisciplinary nature and involve scientists from all over the world.In 2013,the Climate and Weather in the展开更多
In this paper, a new progress in scattering measurement of ocean surface wind vector using a space borne scanning scatterometer (CNSCAT) has been described. The CNSCAT developed during the past five years in the labor...In this paper, a new progress in scattering measurement of ocean surface wind vector using a space borne scanning scatterometer (CNSCAT) has been described. The CNSCAT developed during the past five years in the laboratory for Microwave Remote Sensing and Information Technology (MIRIT), CSSAR,The Chinese Academy of Sciences, will be launched in early next decade. This paper also discussed CNSCAT system design, system calibration and some theoretical analysis.展开更多
China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative tran...China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.展开更多
HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Co...HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), and the CCD Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). In the report,first, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; Second, the quality and availability of the data are evaluated by the mean of the Complex Signal Noise Ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; Third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; Finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by HY-1A to study its application potentiality. The results show that the HY-1A has a latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the furthering of national rights and interests.Meanwhile, some modifications are proposed for the next ocean satellite, suchas adding the case of tilt scanning, modification of the CCD element uniformity,and adding more ocean satellite receiving stations.展开更多
In this report, the specifications and some results of the China multimode microwave remote sensor (CMMRS) onboard China's SZ-4 spaceship are described. Technical details and initial processing results of the CMMR...In this report, the specifications and some results of the China multimode microwave remote sensor (CMMRS) onboard China's SZ-4 spaceship are described. Technical details and initial processing results of the CMMRS measurement data are reported.展开更多
The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which...The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which may be of use to the safety of manned spacecraft. In order to complete the space environment safety guarantee mission for SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC improved the space environment monitoring system, database system, prediction result display system, prediction implementation system, etc. For guaranteeing the safety of the airship and cosmonaut in the first manned SZ-5, flying experiment mission,SEPC developed the software for analyzing radiation dose and early-warning software for large debris collision with SZ-5. Three months before the flights of SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC began to predict the safe launch period in view of the space environment, and offered timely and valid reference opinions for selecting the safety period. Especially during the mission of SZ-5, SEPC analyzed the space high-energy environment in a pre-arranged orbit and abnormal orbit andevaluated the radiation dose which cosmonauts may encounter in space. The evaluation offered an important reference for cosmonaut safety and decisionmaking in the SZ-5 mission. The calculation of the distribution of large debris and the collision risk assessment at different orbit entry times for SZ-5 provided an important base for the superior department to make flight decisions.展开更多
This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and up...This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and upper atmosphere in China in the past two years are introduced with focusing the developments in facilities and instruments,and the advancements in scientific issues,e.g.,dynamics related processes,atmospheric constituents,and the coupling with the lower atmosphere.展开更多
1 In Brief
From 2004 to 2006, together with all supporting agencies, CNCOSPAR Secretariat spent most of its effort on the preparation of the 36th COSPAR Assembly. In this report, we will briefly describe thes... 1 In Brief
From 2004 to 2006, together with all supporting agencies, CNCOSPAR Secretariat spent most of its effort on the preparation of the 36th COSPAR Assembly. In this report, we will briefly describe these activities. However, a complete report can only be ready after the assembly completed, our intension here is only to give a brief summary on what we gone through. This basic information may help the future organizers of the assembly when they deal with similar problems.……展开更多
1 In Brief
In this report, we summarize the major activities of CNCOSPAR from the year 2002to 2004. During this period, many things happened such as Beijing won the 2006COSPAR scientific assembly, the first C... 1 In Brief
In this report, we summarize the major activities of CNCOSPAR from the year 2002to 2004. During this period, many things happened such as Beijing won the 2006COSPAR scientific assembly, the first Chinese Committee of COSPAR handed over its responsibility to the second committee, etc. During this period, the space science activities developed also very fast. China has sent its first scientific satellite, the first satellite TC-1 of the Double Star Program, into space. China also has a major break through in the manned space flight by a very successful mission of Shenzhou manned space flight. On board of this spacecraft, is the first Chinese astronaut Mr. Liwei Yang. This made China the third country in the world who has the ability that the launch manned space missions independently.……展开更多
1 Introduction
Looking back to the 20th century, the science and technology have never influenced and changed all aspects of the people's lives as profoundly as they do today. With the birth of space tech... 1 Introduction
Looking back to the 20th century, the science and technology have never influenced and changed all aspects of the people's lives as profoundly as they do today. With the birth of space technology in late 1950s, space science emerged accompanying the space activities as a unique comprehensive discipline. Mankind started exploring various natural phenomenon and their laws in space by use of innovative spacecraft to reveal the mysteries of the universe. The space science research provides theoretical basis for mankind to understand the universe and develop application technologies, and drives the development of high and new technologies.……展开更多
Chinese scientists paid great attention to the study about space life science in 1996-1997.Several biomedical experiments in this field were completed in Chinese recoverable satellites or in a Russian biosatellite. Th...Chinese scientists paid great attention to the study about space life science in 1996-1997.Several biomedical experiments in this field were completed in Chinese recoverable satellites or in a Russian biosatellite. The effect of microgravity and space radiation on Chinese silkworm eggs, plants, seeds and tomato DNA mutation was investigated in space. Head down bed rest of human body was applied to simulate weightlessness to study cardiovascular function, electrogastrogram,thermoregulation on the ground. Space motion sickness was also studied by means of swinging, optokinetic stimulation on the ground.展开更多
The advances of protein crystal growth in microgravity are limited by its low success rate of space crystallization experiments. Our recent efforts have concentrated on exploration of the ways to increase the success ...The advances of protein crystal growth in microgravity are limited by its low success rate of space crystallization experiments. Our recent efforts have concentrated on exploration of the ways to increase the success rate of the experiments.The corresponding studies include structural comparisons of space- and Earthgrown protein crystals, numerical simulations of solute transport in protein crystallizer, optimization of protein crystailization conditions and improvement of crystallization techniques used. These studies show that the success rate of space protein crystallization could be improved by different ways.展开更多
Mutagenic breeding has been carried out in China since 1986 by on boarding the crop seeds in recoverable satellite and balloon. Good results have been obtained. Some new crop lines with high-yield, good-quantity, dise...Mutagenic breeding has been carried out in China since 1986 by on boarding the crop seeds in recoverable satellite and balloon. Good results have been obtained. Some new crop lines with high-yield, good-quantity, disease resistant characters were obtained respectively.展开更多
This brief report summarized the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2004-2005, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. ...This brief report summarized the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2004-2005, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. The report covers all aspects of the interplanetary physics, including theoretical studies, numerical simulation and data analysis.展开更多
This brief report summarized the latest advances of the heliospheric physics research in China during the period of 2002-2003, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. Th...This brief report summarized the latest advances of the heliospheric physics research in China during the period of 2002-2003, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. The report covers all aspects of the heliospheric physics, including theoretical studies, numerical simulation and data analysis.展开更多
The main progress of the research activities on microgravity fluid physics, combustion, biotechnology research and fundamental Physics in China are briefly summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and...The main progress of the research activities on microgravity fluid physics, combustion, biotechnology research and fundamental Physics in China are briefly summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and experimental results obtained on board the Chinese recoverable/nonrecoverable satellites and the Chinese manned spaceship named "Shen Zhou" are presented summarily. The recent main activities of the ground-based studies in China are introduced in brief.展开更多
文摘Over the past years Chinese space chemists have done much work on space chemistry and related disciplines, especially on the solar nebular evolution,meteorjtes, comparative planetology and the origin and evolution of the Earth.In this paper, the authors outline the main achievements and briefly describe some new views and hypotheses.
文摘This is the thirteenth in the series of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Symposia organized by the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP)and held approximately every four years.SCOSTEP is engaged in three activities:long-term scientific programs,capacity building,and public outreach.The scientific programs are designed to advance our understanding of the solar terrestrial relationship using spaceand ground-based data,cutting-edge models,and theory.SCOSTEP programs are thus of interdisciplinary nature and involve scientists from all over the world.In 2013,the Climate and Weather in the
文摘In this paper, a new progress in scattering measurement of ocean surface wind vector using a space borne scanning scatterometer (CNSCAT) has been described. The CNSCAT developed during the past five years in the laboratory for Microwave Remote Sensing and Information Technology (MIRIT), CSSAR,The Chinese Academy of Sciences, will be launched in early next decade. This paper also discussed CNSCAT system design, system calibration and some theoretical analysis.
文摘China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.
文摘HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), and the CCD Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). In the report,first, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; Second, the quality and availability of the data are evaluated by the mean of the Complex Signal Noise Ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; Third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; Finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by HY-1A to study its application potentiality. The results show that the HY-1A has a latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the furthering of national rights and interests.Meanwhile, some modifications are proposed for the next ocean satellite, suchas adding the case of tilt scanning, modification of the CCD element uniformity,and adding more ocean satellite receiving stations.
文摘In this report, the specifications and some results of the China multimode microwave remote sensor (CMMRS) onboard China's SZ-4 spaceship are described. Technical details and initial processing results of the CMMRS measurement data are reported.
文摘The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which may be of use to the safety of manned spacecraft. In order to complete the space environment safety guarantee mission for SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC improved the space environment monitoring system, database system, prediction result display system, prediction implementation system, etc. For guaranteeing the safety of the airship and cosmonaut in the first manned SZ-5, flying experiment mission,SEPC developed the software for analyzing radiation dose and early-warning software for large debris collision with SZ-5. Three months before the flights of SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC began to predict the safe launch period in view of the space environment, and offered timely and valid reference opinions for selecting the safety period. Especially during the mission of SZ-5, SEPC analyzed the space high-energy environment in a pre-arranged orbit and abnormal orbit andevaluated the radiation dose which cosmonauts may encounter in space. The evaluation offered an important reference for cosmonaut safety and decisionmaking in the SZ-5 mission. The calculation of the distribution of large debris and the collision risk assessment at different orbit entry times for SZ-5 provided an important base for the superior department to make flight decisions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40374056,40333034)Chinese Academy of Science KZCX3-SW-217,KGCX2-SW-408,KGCX3-SYW-403
文摘This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and upper atmosphere in China in the past two years are introduced with focusing the developments in facilities and instruments,and the advancements in scientific issues,e.g.,dynamics related processes,atmospheric constituents,and the coupling with the lower atmosphere.
文摘 1 In Brief
From 2004 to 2006, together with all supporting agencies, CNCOSPAR Secretariat spent most of its effort on the preparation of the 36th COSPAR Assembly. In this report, we will briefly describe these activities. However, a complete report can only be ready after the assembly completed, our intension here is only to give a brief summary on what we gone through. This basic information may help the future organizers of the assembly when they deal with similar problems.……
文摘 1 In Brief
In this report, we summarize the major activities of CNCOSPAR from the year 2002to 2004. During this period, many things happened such as Beijing won the 2006COSPAR scientific assembly, the first Chinese Committee of COSPAR handed over its responsibility to the second committee, etc. During this period, the space science activities developed also very fast. China has sent its first scientific satellite, the first satellite TC-1 of the Double Star Program, into space. China also has a major break through in the manned space flight by a very successful mission of Shenzhou manned space flight. On board of this spacecraft, is the first Chinese astronaut Mr. Liwei Yang. This made China the third country in the world who has the ability that the launch manned space missions independently.……
文摘 1 Introduction
Looking back to the 20th century, the science and technology have never influenced and changed all aspects of the people's lives as profoundly as they do today. With the birth of space technology in late 1950s, space science emerged accompanying the space activities as a unique comprehensive discipline. Mankind started exploring various natural phenomenon and their laws in space by use of innovative spacecraft to reveal the mysteries of the universe. The space science research provides theoretical basis for mankind to understand the universe and develop application technologies, and drives the development of high and new technologies.……
文摘Chinese scientists paid great attention to the study about space life science in 1996-1997.Several biomedical experiments in this field were completed in Chinese recoverable satellites or in a Russian biosatellite. The effect of microgravity and space radiation on Chinese silkworm eggs, plants, seeds and tomato DNA mutation was investigated in space. Head down bed rest of human body was applied to simulate weightlessness to study cardiovascular function, electrogastrogram,thermoregulation on the ground. Space motion sickness was also studied by means of swinging, optokinetic stimulation on the ground.
文摘The advances of protein crystal growth in microgravity are limited by its low success rate of space crystallization experiments. Our recent efforts have concentrated on exploration of the ways to increase the success rate of the experiments.The corresponding studies include structural comparisons of space- and Earthgrown protein crystals, numerical simulations of solute transport in protein crystallizer, optimization of protein crystailization conditions and improvement of crystallization techniques used. These studies show that the success rate of space protein crystallization could be improved by different ways.
文摘Mutagenic breeding has been carried out in China since 1986 by on boarding the crop seeds in recoverable satellite and balloon. Good results have been obtained. Some new crop lines with high-yield, good-quantity, disease resistant characters were obtained respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40325010)
文摘This brief report summarized the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2004-2005, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. The report covers all aspects of the interplanetary physics, including theoretical studies, numerical simulation and data analysis.
文摘This brief report summarized the latest advances of the heliospheric physics research in China during the period of 2002-2003, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration. The report covers all aspects of the heliospheric physics, including theoretical studies, numerical simulation and data analysis.
文摘The main progress of the research activities on microgravity fluid physics, combustion, biotechnology research and fundamental Physics in China are briefly summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and experimental results obtained on board the Chinese recoverable/nonrecoverable satellites and the Chinese manned spaceship named "Shen Zhou" are presented summarily. The recent main activities of the ground-based studies in China are introduced in brief.
