波浪能作为一种可再生海洋清洁能源,其开发利用对建设绿色港口具有重要意义。将振荡水柱式(oscillating water column,简称OWC)发电装置与码头结构相结合,提出了一种兼做防波堤的集成OWC波浪发电装置的圆沉箱与吸力桶整体预制式离岸深...波浪能作为一种可再生海洋清洁能源,其开发利用对建设绿色港口具有重要意义。将振荡水柱式(oscillating water column,简称OWC)发电装置与码头结构相结合,提出了一种兼做防波堤的集成OWC波浪发电装置的圆沉箱与吸力桶整体预制式离岸深水码头结构,这种新结构具有整体刚度大、耐久性好、施工作业时间短和可适用于软土地基的优点。使用水动力软件FLOW-3D建立新型结构的三维水动力模型,系统研究了不同前墙入水深度、透平开孔率及入射波高时新型结构在波浪作用下的水动力特性,并计算了其波能转化效率。结果表明,新型结构的波能转化效率随入射波高增大而增大,随透平开孔率及前墙入水深度的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,在前墙入水深度取7.5 m,透平开孔率取6%时,波能转化效率最大可达49.04%。同时,本研究提出的新型离岸深水码头结构上所受的波浪力相比未开孔结构大幅降低,实现提高码头安全度和利用绿色能源的双收益。建议在实际工程设计中适当提高气室开孔的高程或设置防护措施,以保证波能转换装置免受极端波浪的影响。展开更多
Gravity-caisson wharves have been widely constructed in coastal and island regions, which are threaten by potential underwater explosions. This work aims to study the dynamic behaviors and propose a damage evaluation ...Gravity-caisson wharves have been widely constructed in coastal and island regions, which are threaten by potential underwater explosions. This work aims to study the dynamic behaviors and propose a damage evaluation approach of caisson wharf against underwater explosion. Firstly, based on both the underwater explosion loading test and underwater explosion test on the reduced-scale caisson specimen, a high-fidelity finite element analysis approach for numerically reproduce the dynamic behaviors of prototype caisson wharves against underwater explosions was proposed and verified. Secondly, the underwater explosion loadings and dynamic behaviors of prototype caisson wharf (14.9 m×8.1 m×10.95 m) against sequential blast wave and bubble pulsation of typical torpedo with a charge weight of 200 kg were studied. The influences of the seabed and cabin infill materials, as well as the explosion standoff distances of 3.4–10.2 m and depths of burst between 1/4 and 3/4 of water depth, on the blast resistance of caisson wharf were further examined through deflection distributions of exterior wall, damage evolution, and overall displacement of caisson wharf. Finally, a performance evaluation approach for prototype caisson wharves against underwater explosions was proposed by comprehensively considering the bearing, storage, and berthing capabilities. The corresponding protective measures and design recommendations were further provided. It indicates that: (i) under the explosion of a typical torpedo, the damage modes of prototype caisson wharf mainly involve the overall vibration, spalling and cracking of the exterior wall, collapse of the upper operating platform and cracking of the top plate;(ii) the blast wave and cavitation zone generated between the bubble and the exterior wall are the two primary causes of damage to caisson wharf;(iii) compared to the saturated calcareous sand seabed, the assumption of rigid seabed underestimates the spalling on the exterior wall, which is not recommended for scenarios where cavitation zones may generate;(iv) rock rubble is the most effective infill material in improving the blast resistance of caisson wharf among four types of infill configurations, i.e., fully filled and half-filled saturated calcareous sand, rock rubble and pure water;(v) the standoff distance of 10.2 m is regarded as a secure protective range in the scenarios discussed currently. As the standoff distance decreases and the depth of burst increases, the spalling of the exterior wall induced by the cavitation intensifies, posing a great threat to the functionality of caisson wharf.展开更多
文摘波浪能作为一种可再生海洋清洁能源,其开发利用对建设绿色港口具有重要意义。将振荡水柱式(oscillating water column,简称OWC)发电装置与码头结构相结合,提出了一种兼做防波堤的集成OWC波浪发电装置的圆沉箱与吸力桶整体预制式离岸深水码头结构,这种新结构具有整体刚度大、耐久性好、施工作业时间短和可适用于软土地基的优点。使用水动力软件FLOW-3D建立新型结构的三维水动力模型,系统研究了不同前墙入水深度、透平开孔率及入射波高时新型结构在波浪作用下的水动力特性,并计算了其波能转化效率。结果表明,新型结构的波能转化效率随入射波高增大而增大,随透平开孔率及前墙入水深度的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,在前墙入水深度取7.5 m,透平开孔率取6%时,波能转化效率最大可达49.04%。同时,本研究提出的新型离岸深水码头结构上所受的波浪力相比未开孔结构大幅降低,实现提高码头安全度和利用绿色能源的双收益。建议在实际工程设计中适当提高气室开孔的高程或设置防护措施,以保证波能转换装置免受极端波浪的影响。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.52308522).
文摘Gravity-caisson wharves have been widely constructed in coastal and island regions, which are threaten by potential underwater explosions. This work aims to study the dynamic behaviors and propose a damage evaluation approach of caisson wharf against underwater explosion. Firstly, based on both the underwater explosion loading test and underwater explosion test on the reduced-scale caisson specimen, a high-fidelity finite element analysis approach for numerically reproduce the dynamic behaviors of prototype caisson wharves against underwater explosions was proposed and verified. Secondly, the underwater explosion loadings and dynamic behaviors of prototype caisson wharf (14.9 m×8.1 m×10.95 m) against sequential blast wave and bubble pulsation of typical torpedo with a charge weight of 200 kg were studied. The influences of the seabed and cabin infill materials, as well as the explosion standoff distances of 3.4–10.2 m and depths of burst between 1/4 and 3/4 of water depth, on the blast resistance of caisson wharf were further examined through deflection distributions of exterior wall, damage evolution, and overall displacement of caisson wharf. Finally, a performance evaluation approach for prototype caisson wharves against underwater explosions was proposed by comprehensively considering the bearing, storage, and berthing capabilities. The corresponding protective measures and design recommendations were further provided. It indicates that: (i) under the explosion of a typical torpedo, the damage modes of prototype caisson wharf mainly involve the overall vibration, spalling and cracking of the exterior wall, collapse of the upper operating platform and cracking of the top plate;(ii) the blast wave and cavitation zone generated between the bubble and the exterior wall are the two primary causes of damage to caisson wharf;(iii) compared to the saturated calcareous sand seabed, the assumption of rigid seabed underestimates the spalling on the exterior wall, which is not recommended for scenarios where cavitation zones may generate;(iv) rock rubble is the most effective infill material in improving the blast resistance of caisson wharf among four types of infill configurations, i.e., fully filled and half-filled saturated calcareous sand, rock rubble and pure water;(v) the standoff distance of 10.2 m is regarded as a secure protective range in the scenarios discussed currently. As the standoff distance decreases and the depth of burst increases, the spalling of the exterior wall induced by the cavitation intensifies, posing a great threat to the functionality of caisson wharf.
