The von Neumann architecture faces significant limitations,including low transmission efficiency and high energy consumption,whenhandling large-scale data and unstructured problems.Benefiting from theinherent merits o...The von Neumann architecture faces significant limitations,including low transmission efficiency and high energy consumption,whenhandling large-scale data and unstructured problems.Benefiting from theinherent merits of optical signals including high bandwidth,near-zeroJoule heating,fast transmission speed,and immunity to electromagneticinterference,photonics provides a powerful pathway for high-speed neuromorphiccomputing.Together with the mechanical flexibility and largeareamanufacturability of organic semiconductors,organic phototransistor(OPT)-based photonic synapses have therefore attracted extensive attentionin recent years.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recentadvances in OPT-based photonic synapses,covering operational principles,active materials,advances in bidirectional photoresponse process,as wellas cutting-edge applications.Finally,the current challenges and opportunitiesin this field are highlighted.Distinct from previous reviews,this review emphasizes an in-depth exploration of bidirectional photoresponsemechanisms,a systematic dissection of material-structure-function correlations enabling integrated sensing-memory technology,and emerging.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges du...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges due to the limited robustness of the organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor(OMIEC)channel.Here,by modulating the molecular weight(MW)of OMiEC,enhanced OECT and relevant circuit operation stabilities are demonstrated,showing more than 3,000,0o0 full cycles(~42 h)with less than 15%current variation in an OECT,and 150,000 cycles(~4 h)with less than 5%voltage variation in an OECT-based inverter,which are among the highest of reported OECT-based electronics.Specifically,p(g2T-T),a typical p-type OMIEC,with varying MW(7-43 kDa),is synthesized,where lower-MW p(g2T-T)(~9 kDa)exhibits superior device performance and cycling stability in OECTs,outperforming those in high-MW counterparts(>30 kDa).It is indicated that low-MW p(g2T-T)maintains higher volumetric capacitance,ordered orientation,and reduced swelling.Therefore,irreversible microstructural degradation is effectively avoided,along with better performance yield.Furthermore,MW regulation enables physiological signal sensing with high tolerance to body fluid environments for 7 days.These findings highlight MW modulation as a versatile approach to suppress excessive swelling,advancing the design of durable OECT-based electronics.展开更多
Neuromorphic visual perception,by emulating the efficient information processing mechanisms of biological vision systems and integrating innovations in materials and device architectures,offers novel solutions for art...Neuromorphic visual perception,by emulating the efficient information processing mechanisms of biological vision systems and integrating innovations in materials and device architectures,offers novel solutions for artificial intelligence sensing.For instance,the incorporation of low-dimensional materials(e.g.,quantum dots,carbon nanotubes,and two-dimensional materials)optimizes device optoelectronic properties,while the synergistic design of organic semiconductors and oxide materials balances flexibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)compatibility.Representative neuromorphic devices such as memristors and neuromorphic transistors address traditional vision system bottlenecks via near-sensor and in-sensor architectures in data transmission latency and energy consumption,offering a new paradigm for highly integrated,energy-efficient real-time perception.However,critical challenges—including device non-uniformity caused by material interface defects,system instability induced by memristor conductance drift,and environmental adaptability under complex illumination—remain barriers to scalable applications.This review comprehensively examines neuromorphic visual perception devices from the perspectives of device structure,operational mechanisms,materials,and applications.It explores the pivotal roles of memristors,electrolyte-gated transistors,and other neuromorphic devices in optical signal perception and information processing,with a focus on their implementations in visual perception tasks and future prospects.展开更多
The fabrication of a dynamic threshold-2T0C(DT-2T0C) DRAM cell incorporating a ZnO charge-trap layer in the write transistor has been successfully achieved, addressing the negative hold voltage(V_(HOLD)) issue of conv...The fabrication of a dynamic threshold-2T0C(DT-2T0C) DRAM cell incorporating a ZnO charge-trap layer in the write transistor has been successfully achieved, addressing the negative hold voltage(V_(HOLD)) issue of conventional 2T0C DRAM cells using oxide channel layers. The proposed device facilitates dynamic modulation of turn-on voltage(V_(ON)) through an additional SET operation, allowing V_(ON) to shift above 0 V. The retention time in SET operation was extended to 10^(4) s by optimizing the tunneling layer deposition conditions. The device characterization revealed a significant correlation between V_(ON) and both the WRITE speed and the retention properties of the DT-2T0C, verifying the trade-off between WRITE time and retention time. A long retention time over 1000 s was achieved, even under VHOLD of 0 V.展开更多
The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware...The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware with on-chip parameter tunability,which directly accelerates machine learning functions.This work demonstrates a continuously tunable mixed-kernel function physically realized within a van der Waals heterostructure.We designed and fabricated a MoTe_(2)/MoS_(2)type-Ⅱvertical heterojunction phototransistor,which exhibits a non-monotonic,Gaussian-like optoelectronic response owing to its unique inter-layer charge transfer mechanism.This intrinsic physical behavior directly maps to a mixed-kernel function combining Gaussian and Sigmoid characteristics.Furthermore,the hardware kernel can be continuously modulated by in-situ tuning of external opti-cal stimuli.The mixed-kernel exhibited exceptional performance,achieving precision,accuracy,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 95.8%,96%,and 0.9986,respectively,significantly outperforming conventional kernels.By successfully embedding a complex,adaptable mathematical function into the intrinsic physical properties of a single device,this work pioneers a novel pathway toward next-generation,energy-efficient intelligent systems with hardware-level adaptability.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22222205,52173176)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(No.0063/2024/RIA1)+1 种基金the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Intelligent Matter(Grant SZS2022011)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology。
文摘The von Neumann architecture faces significant limitations,including low transmission efficiency and high energy consumption,whenhandling large-scale data and unstructured problems.Benefiting from theinherent merits of optical signals including high bandwidth,near-zeroJoule heating,fast transmission speed,and immunity to electromagneticinterference,photonics provides a powerful pathway for high-speed neuromorphiccomputing.Together with the mechanical flexibility and largeareamanufacturability of organic semiconductors,organic phototransistor(OPT)-based photonic synapses have therefore attracted extensive attentionin recent years.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recentadvances in OPT-based photonic synapses,covering operational principles,active materials,advances in bidirectional photoresponse process,as wellas cutting-edge applications.Finally,the current challenges and opportunitiesin this field are highlighted.Distinct from previous reviews,this review emphasizes an in-depth exploration of bidirectional photoresponsemechanisms,a systematic dissection of material-structure-function correlations enabling integrated sensing-memory technology,and emerging.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB3211600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62273073,52273316)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2411800,2022YFE0134800)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2025ZNSFSC0515)Chengdu Science Technology Bureau(2023-YF06-00028-HZ)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2025TS009,ZYGX2024XJ029,ZYGX2024XJ031)Sci-entific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-M1P).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges due to the limited robustness of the organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor(OMIEC)channel.Here,by modulating the molecular weight(MW)of OMiEC,enhanced OECT and relevant circuit operation stabilities are demonstrated,showing more than 3,000,0o0 full cycles(~42 h)with less than 15%current variation in an OECT,and 150,000 cycles(~4 h)with less than 5%voltage variation in an OECT-based inverter,which are among the highest of reported OECT-based electronics.Specifically,p(g2T-T),a typical p-type OMIEC,with varying MW(7-43 kDa),is synthesized,where lower-MW p(g2T-T)(~9 kDa)exhibits superior device performance and cycling stability in OECTs,outperforming those in high-MW counterparts(>30 kDa).It is indicated that low-MW p(g2T-T)maintains higher volumetric capacitance,ordered orientation,and reduced swelling.Therefore,irreversible microstructural degradation is effectively avoided,along with better performance yield.Furthermore,MW regulation enables physiological signal sensing with high tolerance to body fluid environments for 7 days.These findings highlight MW modulation as a versatile approach to suppress excessive swelling,advancing the design of durable OECT-based electronics.
基金supported by Post-Moore Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92364204)Zhejiang Province introduces and cultivates leading innovation and entrepreneurship teams(Grant No.2023R01011)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LMS25F040005)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2024SSYS0042)。
文摘Neuromorphic visual perception,by emulating the efficient information processing mechanisms of biological vision systems and integrating innovations in materials and device architectures,offers novel solutions for artificial intelligence sensing.For instance,the incorporation of low-dimensional materials(e.g.,quantum dots,carbon nanotubes,and two-dimensional materials)optimizes device optoelectronic properties,while the synergistic design of organic semiconductors and oxide materials balances flexibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)compatibility.Representative neuromorphic devices such as memristors and neuromorphic transistors address traditional vision system bottlenecks via near-sensor and in-sensor architectures in data transmission latency and energy consumption,offering a new paradigm for highly integrated,energy-efficient real-time perception.However,critical challenges—including device non-uniformity caused by material interface defects,system instability induced by memristor conductance drift,and environmental adaptability under complex illumination—remain barriers to scalable applications.This review comprehensively examines neuromorphic visual perception devices from the perspectives of device structure,operational mechanisms,materials,and applications.It explores the pivotal roles of memristors,electrolyte-gated transistors,and other neuromorphic devices in optical signal perception and information processing,with a focus on their implementations in visual perception tasks and future prospects.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2024-00334190)。
文摘The fabrication of a dynamic threshold-2T0C(DT-2T0C) DRAM cell incorporating a ZnO charge-trap layer in the write transistor has been successfully achieved, addressing the negative hold voltage(V_(HOLD)) issue of conventional 2T0C DRAM cells using oxide channel layers. The proposed device facilitates dynamic modulation of turn-on voltage(V_(ON)) through an additional SET operation, allowing V_(ON) to shift above 0 V. The retention time in SET operation was extended to 10^(4) s by optimizing the tunneling layer deposition conditions. The device characterization revealed a significant correlation between V_(ON) and both the WRITE speed and the retention properties of the DT-2T0C, verifying the trade-off between WRITE time and retention time. A long retention time over 1000 s was achieved, even under VHOLD of 0 V.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62222404,T2450054,62304084,62504087,62361136587 and 92248304)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2021YFB3601200)+3 种基金the Major Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA009)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme(Grant No.PDFS2223-4S06)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(Grant No.2025M770530)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20250136).
文摘The von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures presents a significant challenge for data-inten-sive artificial intelligence applications.A promising approach involves designing specialized hardware with on-chip parameter tunability,which directly accelerates machine learning functions.This work demonstrates a continuously tunable mixed-kernel function physically realized within a van der Waals heterostructure.We designed and fabricated a MoTe_(2)/MoS_(2)type-Ⅱvertical heterojunction phototransistor,which exhibits a non-monotonic,Gaussian-like optoelectronic response owing to its unique inter-layer charge transfer mechanism.This intrinsic physical behavior directly maps to a mixed-kernel function combining Gaussian and Sigmoid characteristics.Furthermore,the hardware kernel can be continuously modulated by in-situ tuning of external opti-cal stimuli.The mixed-kernel exhibited exceptional performance,achieving precision,accuracy,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 95.8%,96%,and 0.9986,respectively,significantly outperforming conventional kernels.By successfully embedding a complex,adaptable mathematical function into the intrinsic physical properties of a single device,this work pioneers a novel pathway toward next-generation,energy-efficient intelligent systems with hardware-level adaptability.
