Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making th...Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+)hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH_(4)^(+).Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K^(-1)and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m^(-2)K^(-2)at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.展开更多
Thermocells are attracting growing interest as a promising thermoelectric technology for low-grade heat harvesting.However,the scarcity of high-performance redox couples featuring intrinsically high thermopower(Se)and...Thermocells are attracting growing interest as a promising thermoelectric technology for low-grade heat harvesting.However,the scarcity of high-performance redox couples featuring intrinsically high thermopower(Se)and fast redox kinetics hinders the rapid development of thermocells.Identifying potential intrinsically high-performance redox couples remains a significant challenge.This work introduces a novel n-type copper(I/II)chloride(CuCl/CuCl2)redox couple with intrinsically high performance.Through tailored electrolyte design,long-term stability was significantly improved by reducing proton concentration to suppress cuprous ion photo-oxidation,while ammonium chloride solvation enhanced cuprous ion solubility.The resulting system achieves a Se value closely aligned with theoretical predictions and exhibits rapid redox kinetics.Consequently,the optimized CuCl/CuCl_(2) intrinsic system demonstrated a high S_(e) of 1.52 mV K^(−1) and a record-high normalized power density Pmax(ΔT)^(−2) of 0.399 mW m^(−2) K^(−2),surpassing previously reported intrinsic n-type thermocells and rivaling the performance of p-type pristine 0.4 M ferri/ferrocyanide systems.A prototype module comprising 30 p-n units successfully powered a line of light-emitting diodes or a thermohygrometer.This work introduces a valuable redox couple for further advancing high-performance thermocells and demonstrates a viable strategy for developing novel redox systems.展开更多
Thermocells are garnering increasing attention as a promising thermoelectric technology for harvesting low-grade heat.However,their performance is often limited by the scarcity of high-performance redox couples that p...Thermocells are garnering increasing attention as a promising thermoelectric technology for harvesting low-grade heat.However,their performance is often limited by the scarcity of high-performance redox couples that possess both high thermopower and rapid redox kinetics.This work addresses this challenge by leveraging our recently developed copper(Ⅰ/Ⅱ)(Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+))redox couple.We significantly enhance the performance of Cu-based liquid thermocells by integrating a thermosensitive crystallization process with etched carbon cloth electrodes,achieving synergistic improvements in thermodynamic and kinetic performance.The thermosensitive crystallization process establishes a persistent Cu^(2+)concentration gradient,boosting the thermopower from 1.47 to 2.93 mV K^(-1).Moreover,the etched carbon cloth electrodes provide a larger electroactive surface area and demonstrate a higher current density.Consequently,the optimized Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+)system achieved an exceptional normalized power density P_(max)(ΔT)^(-2)of 3.97 mW m^(-2)K^(-2).A thermocell module comprised of 20 cells directly power various electronic devices at a temperature difference of 40 K.This work successfully exhibits potential of Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+)redox couple in thermoelectric conversion and introduces a valuable redox couple for highperformance thermocells.展开更多
为解决风电机组由于风电不确定性带来的调频功率偏差问题,提出一种基于数据分解的“飞轮+锂电”混合储能系统辅助风电调频容量配置方法。首先,以最小平均包络熵为优化目标,利用粒子群算法优化变分模态分解参数,并分解风电调频偏差功率,...为解决风电机组由于风电不确定性带来的调频功率偏差问题,提出一种基于数据分解的“飞轮+锂电”混合储能系统辅助风电调频容量配置方法。首先,以最小平均包络熵为优化目标,利用粒子群算法优化变分模态分解参数,并分解风电调频偏差功率,得到k个包含不同数据特征的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)。其次,根据信号过零率将所有IMF分为低频和高频信号,并建立经济评估模型,旨在优化混合储能系统容量配置方案。最后,基于典型风电场区域控制误差(area control error,ACE)数据,构建仿真模型,并在多种扰动工况下对混合储能系统进行性能测试。结果表明,所提出的配置方法在经济性与调频性能方面均优于等容量的单一储能方案。展开更多
基金supported by the Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20222009-X.Z.,BK20202008-X.Z.)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of NUAA(202410287179Y).
文摘Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+)hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH_(4)^(+).Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K^(-1)and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m^(-2)K^(-2)at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.
基金supported by research grants from Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52021004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474026,62205140,and 12204071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710532).
文摘Thermocells are attracting growing interest as a promising thermoelectric technology for low-grade heat harvesting.However,the scarcity of high-performance redox couples featuring intrinsically high thermopower(Se)and fast redox kinetics hinders the rapid development of thermocells.Identifying potential intrinsically high-performance redox couples remains a significant challenge.This work introduces a novel n-type copper(I/II)chloride(CuCl/CuCl2)redox couple with intrinsically high performance.Through tailored electrolyte design,long-term stability was significantly improved by reducing proton concentration to suppress cuprous ion photo-oxidation,while ammonium chloride solvation enhanced cuprous ion solubility.The resulting system achieves a Se value closely aligned with theoretical predictions and exhibits rapid redox kinetics.Consequently,the optimized CuCl/CuCl_(2) intrinsic system demonstrated a high S_(e) of 1.52 mV K^(−1) and a record-high normalized power density Pmax(ΔT)^(−2) of 0.399 mW m^(−2) K^(−2),surpassing previously reported intrinsic n-type thermocells and rivaling the performance of p-type pristine 0.4 M ferri/ferrocyanide systems.A prototype module comprising 30 p-n units successfully powered a line of light-emitting diodes or a thermohygrometer.This work introduces a valuable redox couple for further advancing high-performance thermocells and demonstrates a viable strategy for developing novel redox systems.
基金financially supported by research grants from Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52021004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474026,62205140,12204071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710532)。
文摘Thermocells are garnering increasing attention as a promising thermoelectric technology for harvesting low-grade heat.However,their performance is often limited by the scarcity of high-performance redox couples that possess both high thermopower and rapid redox kinetics.This work addresses this challenge by leveraging our recently developed copper(Ⅰ/Ⅱ)(Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+))redox couple.We significantly enhance the performance of Cu-based liquid thermocells by integrating a thermosensitive crystallization process with etched carbon cloth electrodes,achieving synergistic improvements in thermodynamic and kinetic performance.The thermosensitive crystallization process establishes a persistent Cu^(2+)concentration gradient,boosting the thermopower from 1.47 to 2.93 mV K^(-1).Moreover,the etched carbon cloth electrodes provide a larger electroactive surface area and demonstrate a higher current density.Consequently,the optimized Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+)system achieved an exceptional normalized power density P_(max)(ΔT)^(-2)of 3.97 mW m^(-2)K^(-2).A thermocell module comprised of 20 cells directly power various electronic devices at a temperature difference of 40 K.This work successfully exhibits potential of Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+)redox couple in thermoelectric conversion and introduces a valuable redox couple for highperformance thermocells.
文摘为解决风电机组由于风电不确定性带来的调频功率偏差问题,提出一种基于数据分解的“飞轮+锂电”混合储能系统辅助风电调频容量配置方法。首先,以最小平均包络熵为优化目标,利用粒子群算法优化变分模态分解参数,并分解风电调频偏差功率,得到k个包含不同数据特征的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)。其次,根据信号过零率将所有IMF分为低频和高频信号,并建立经济评估模型,旨在优化混合储能系统容量配置方案。最后,基于典型风电场区域控制误差(area control error,ACE)数据,构建仿真模型,并在多种扰动工况下对混合储能系统进行性能测试。结果表明,所提出的配置方法在经济性与调频性能方面均优于等容量的单一储能方案。
