Influence of applied potentials and loading waveform on the fatigue crack growth for steel A537 in 3.5% NaCl solution,and corresponding straining electrode behaviour have been studied.Under the applied potentials over...Influence of applied potentials and loading waveform on the fatigue crack growth for steel A537 in 3.5% NaCl solution,and corresponding straining electrode behaviour have been studied.Under the applied potentials over or below -800mV(SCE),the anodic dissolution or the hydrogen embrittlement is predominatant,respectively.For applied anodic potential,the acceleration effect of continuous loading pattern on the CF crack growth mainly appeared at the range of low ΔK values,while for cathodic potential,it appeared at the high ΔK values.The continuous straining causes a decrease of natural potential and an increase of anodic dissolution current.展开更多
Undercoolings up to 397 K(0.283 T_E)have been obtained for Ni-32.5% Sn eutectic alloy melted by superheating-cooling cycles and denucleating with inorganic glasses.The predomi- nant dissipation of heat for highly unde...Undercoolings up to 397 K(0.283 T_E)have been obtained for Ni-32.5% Sn eutectic alloy melted by superheating-cooling cycles and denucleating with inorganic glasses.The predomi- nant dissipation of heat for highly undercooled alloy melt is through radiation.An approxi- mate method is consequently derived to calculate its mean specific heat from measured cooling curves.With the aid of high speed cinematography,it is revealed that the surface or interface heterogeneous nucleation takes place in preference to homogeneous nucleation even though the undercooling has exceeded 0.2 T_E.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Fe-Co base superalloy with low thermal expansion coefficient after aging at 650℃ for 200,500,1000 and 2000 h have been investigated.It was found that they are stab...The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Fe-Co base superalloy with low thermal expansion coefficient after aging at 650℃ for 200,500,1000 and 2000 h have been investigated.It was found that they are stable at 650℃.This alloy is believed to.fill the re- quirements for long time service to aircraft engine.展开更多
Microstructure of the deepest zone of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)melt after laser fu-sion was found to be so fine as the ehill zone of a solidified ingot.When narrower chill zoneformed,the long columnar dendrites ...Microstructure of the deepest zone of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)melt after laser fu-sion was found to be so fine as the ehill zone of a solidified ingot.When narrower chill zoneformed,the long columnar dendrites grow into the melt and then the fine equiaxed cellularstructure appears in upper melt region nearly surface.The substructure of cellular grains anddendrites was observed to consist of martensite and retained austenile,while the carbides asM_6C_■ Cr_7C_3 and MC distributed at their boundaries.It is believed that the highermicrohardness up to HV_(0.1)=865-960 of the laser fused structure of the alloy is due to the oc-currence of martensite.展开更多
The solubility of C in Mn melt at different contents of Si at 1350℃ was determined.The sol- ubility of Ca in Mn melts containing C in CaC_2 crucible under sealed condition at 1350℃ was ascertained.With these data,ev...The solubility of C in Mn melt at different contents of Si at 1350℃ was determined.The sol- ubility of Ca in Mn melts containing C in CaC_2 crucible under sealed condition at 1350℃ was ascertained.With these data,evaluation of the activity interaction coefficients e_C^(Si),e_C^C, e_C^(Ca) as well as γ_C^0 was made.The standard free energy of solution of C in liquid Mn based on the 1 wt-% solution standard,formulated in relation to T,was also estimated.Brief dis- cussion was made as to the confiormability of results with those given in the literature.展开更多
The room temperature section and the 750℃ isothermal section of the Ag-Pd-Gd ternary phase diagram containing 0—25 at.-% Gd are constructed by X—ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy.Each section consists...The room temperature section and the 750℃ isothermal section of the Ag-Pd-Gd ternary phase diagram containing 0—25 at.-% Gd are constructed by X—ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy.Each section consists of 3 single phase regions,3 bi-phase regions and I tri-phase region respectively.展开更多
Si segregation was observed in the vacancy condensation pits,formed by supersaturated vacancies beneath the oxidation layer of Al-0.35wt-％Si alloy,by optical microscopy,X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microhard...Si segregation was observed in the vacancy condensation pits,formed by supersaturated vacancies beneath the oxidation layer of Al-0.35wt-％Si alloy,by optical microscopy,X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microhardness tests.This phenomenon could only be explained by vacancy-Si complex inducing non-equilibrium segregation.展开更多
Creep crack growth behavior of Fe-Cr15-Ni25 alloys with different grain boundary features has been studied.Cavities nucleate at triple junctions of grain boundaries for the single phase alloy and at grain boundary car...Creep crack growth behavior of Fe-Cr15-Ni25 alloys with different grain boundary features has been studied.Cavities nucleate at triple junctions of grain boundaries for the single phase alloy and at grain boundary carbide for the alloy with grain boundary carbide.Grain bounda- ry carbide particles are obstacles to cavity growth and coalescence,and therefore increase the creep crack growth resistance greatly.展开更多
The influence of high temperature repressing treatment on the segregation of phosphorus in the 93W alloy was carefully investigated by means of Auger electron spectroscope,EPMA, TEM and SEM.The segregation of phosphor...The influence of high temperature repressing treatment on the segregation of phosphorus in the 93W alloy was carefully investigated by means of Auger electron spectroscope,EPMA, TEM and SEM.The segregation of phosphorus has been observed at the tungsten-tungsten grain boundaries,particularly at the tungsten-matrix interphases when the specimens were kept at the temperature in the range of 1200—1500℃ ,followed by furnace cooling.However, no segregation of phosphorus was observed at the interfaces after the specimens were re- pressed at the range of temperature,followed by furnace cooling.After investigation,the dis- locations in the matrix phase of as-repressed specimens directly influenced the phosphorus segregation to the interfaces.After annealing,the mechanical properties were reduced because of the phosphorus segregation at the interface boundaries.展开更多
The effects of small amount(≥0.05%)of active elements Y and Ce in Fe-25Cr-40Ni al- loy have been investigated on the kinetics of early stage of high temperature oxidation as well as composition and microsructure of o...The effects of small amount(≥0.05%)of active elements Y and Ce in Fe-25Cr-40Ni al- loy have been investigated on the kinetics of early stage of high temperature oxidation as well as composition and microsructure of oxide film by ion backscattering and slow positron beam.The results show that Y and Ce can reduce evidently the high tem- perature oxidation rate of FeCrNi alloy at early stage and can effectively enhance the Cr_2O_3 formation and retard the oxide formation of Fe and Ni in the surface layer thus the microstructure of the oxide film is improved.Y and Ce enter the oxide film and concentrate within several tens nanometres from surface of the outer layer.The mech- anism of oxidation resistance for Ce is different from Y.Ce can decrease the density of vacancy defects in oxide layer,so the cations are restrained from diffusion outward through vacancies.While Y can control the outward diffusion of cations through va- cancies at the early statge of oxidation(shorter than 12 min),aften that restrained the cations from diffusion outward along grain boundaries up to 60 min oxidation.展开更多
An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount with the increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkably make its grains finer and its g...An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount with the increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkably make its grains finer and its grain boundaries more crooked other than straight.If the Y con- tent≥0.1 wt-%,it occurs as solid solution state and is favorable to high temperature compressive properties and oxidation resistance of the alloy.While Y≥0.3 wt-%,the forma- tion of YNi_5 is predominant in the shape of irregular strips inside Ni_3Al grains and along their grain boundaries.This seems to be quite harmful to high temperature strength,ductility and oxidation resistance of the alloy.展开更多
Based on the sequent tracking observation on spalling of steel GCr15 under rolling contact fa- tigue,an expression for estimating the propagation of subsurface cracks was derived.The rol- ling contact fatigue life was...Based on the sequent tracking observation on spalling of steel GCr15 under rolling contact fa- tigue,an expression for estimating the propagation of subsurface cracks was derived.The rol- ling contact fatigue life was found to be markedly related to the subsurface crack propagation angle.A new explanation of reason why the rolling contact fatigue life can be prolonged by residual compressive stress and retained austenite was advanced.展开更多
The diffusion process of Sn in the transformation of Nb_6Sn_5 to Nb_3Sn has been studied.The experimental results show that the growth of Nb_3Sn laver is controlled by two processes,i.e. the short range diffusion of S...The diffusion process of Sn in the transformation of Nb_6Sn_5 to Nb_3Sn has been studied.The experimental results show that the growth of Nb_3Sn laver is controlled by two processes,i.e. the short range diffusion of Sn which is responsihle for the inner layer with large grains,and the long,range diffusion of Sn which results in the outer layer with fine grains.It was found thai grain size depends on the reaction temperature.A model of Nb_3Sn growth based on the above processes was established and its solution was found to be in good agreement with ex- perimental results.展开更多
Featuring1990 International Conference on Special MeltingSpecialty Metals(ferrous,non-ferrous,reactive,refractory)and High Purity Metal Melting ProcessesPrimary Melting ProcessesSecondary Refining and Injection Metall...Featuring1990 International Conference on Special MeltingSpecialty Metals(ferrous,non-ferrous,reactive,refractory)and High Purity Metal Melting ProcessesPrimary Melting ProcessesSecondary Refining and Injection Metallurgy ProcessesConsumable Electrode Remelting Processes(VAR,ESR,EBM,PAR,VADER.etc.)Metal Extraction,Solidification and Casting Processes Including Crystal Growing Processes andAmorphous Materials Proesses展开更多
Phase transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux (x=2, 5, 15) alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys undergo a two-stage martensitic...Phase transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux (x=2, 5, 15) alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys undergo a two-stage martensitic transformation on cooling and transform reversely in one stage on heating when treated at 823K for 5 hours. Heat treatment has no effect on the transformation behavior of Ti49Ni49Cu2 alloy but does influence that of Ti47.5Ni47.5Cu5 alloy and Ti42.5Ni42.5Cu15 alloy. Effect of heat treatment is related with precipitation of CuNiTi phase. The maximum recoverable elongation of Ti49Ni49Cu2 wire is about 6%.展开更多
The fracture surface of the normalized steel 55SiMnMo was observed,under tensile device at- tached on the SEM,to be of ductile dimple feature on the bainite which is composed of lath ferrite and austenite platelet.The...The fracture surface of the normalized steel 55SiMnMo was observed,under tensile device at- tached on the SEM,to be of ductile dimple feature on the bainite which is composed of lath ferrite and austenite platelet.The dimple is essentially nucleated in the ferrite.Because the austenitic plastic deformation is remarkable during fracturing,the tear ridge of dimple is very sharp.展开更多
The fracture mechanism for Al-2.5Li-1.3Cu-0.9Mg-0.13Zr alloy is quite different from undergone various regimes of heat treatment.With the decrease of solution temperature and the increase of aging temperature,the inte...The fracture mechanism for Al-2.5Li-1.3Cu-0.9Mg-0.13Zr alloy is quite different from undergone various regimes of heat treatment.With the decrease of solution temperature and the increase of aging temperature,the intergranular delamination and necking fracture on the fracture surface increase and the shearing facture decreases.Thus,the toughness of the alloy may be much improved.展开更多
Effect of Ca on hardenability and CCT diagram of steel 58CrV has been investigated by means of end-quenching and thermal expansion.An addition of 0.006 wt-%Ca to the steel may improve the hardenability,reduce the crit...Effect of Ca on hardenability and CCT diagram of steel 58CrV has been investigated by means of end-quenching and thermal expansion.An addition of 0.006 wt-%Ca to the steel may improve the hardenability,reduce the critical cooling rate of transformation of pearlite or bainite under continuous cooling and increase the M_s.AES analysis showed that Ca segre- gates markedly along austenitie grain boundaries,and accelecrates the segregation of C,Cr and Si.It is believed that besides towards deoxidizing and desulphurizing as well as improving sulphide morphology,a trace of Ca in steel 58CrV behaves towards microalloying.展开更多
The microstructure of 7050 AI alloy in T74 condition has been studied by means of transmis- sion electron microscopy and dynamical diffraction simulation.It was found that the alloy studied contains mainly AI3Zr super...The microstructure of 7050 AI alloy in T74 condition has been studied by means of transmis- sion electron microscopy and dynamical diffraction simulation.It was found that the alloy studied contains mainly AI3Zr superlattice phase,η′-phase and Al_7Cu_2Fe constituent phase. The η′-phase has an orthorombic crystal structure with a=0.492 nm,b=0.852 nm and c=0.701 nm.The orientation relationship between the η′-phase and matrix was determined as(101)_m∥(010)_(η′)[111]_m∥[001]_(η′)展开更多
文摘Influence of applied potentials and loading waveform on the fatigue crack growth for steel A537 in 3.5% NaCl solution,and corresponding straining electrode behaviour have been studied.Under the applied potentials over or below -800mV(SCE),the anodic dissolution or the hydrogen embrittlement is predominatant,respectively.For applied anodic potential,the acceleration effect of continuous loading pattern on the CF crack growth mainly appeared at the range of low ΔK values,while for cathodic potential,it appeared at the high ΔK values.The continuous straining causes a decrease of natural potential and an increase of anodic dissolution current.
文摘Undercoolings up to 397 K(0.283 T_E)have been obtained for Ni-32.5% Sn eutectic alloy melted by superheating-cooling cycles and denucleating with inorganic glasses.The predomi- nant dissipation of heat for highly undercooled alloy melt is through radiation.An approxi- mate method is consequently derived to calculate its mean specific heat from measured cooling curves.With the aid of high speed cinematography,it is revealed that the surface or interface heterogeneous nucleation takes place in preference to homogeneous nucleation even though the undercooling has exceeded 0.2 T_E.
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Fe-Co base superalloy with low thermal expansion coefficient after aging at 650℃ for 200,500,1000 and 2000 h have been investigated.It was found that they are stable at 650℃.This alloy is believed to.fill the re- quirements for long time service to aircraft engine.
文摘Microstructure of the deepest zone of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)melt after laser fu-sion was found to be so fine as the ehill zone of a solidified ingot.When narrower chill zoneformed,the long columnar dendrites grow into the melt and then the fine equiaxed cellularstructure appears in upper melt region nearly surface.The substructure of cellular grains anddendrites was observed to consist of martensite and retained austenile,while the carbides asM_6C_■ Cr_7C_3 and MC distributed at their boundaries.It is believed that the highermicrohardness up to HV_(0.1)=865-960 of the laser fused structure of the alloy is due to the oc-currence of martensite.
文摘The solubility of C in Mn melt at different contents of Si at 1350℃ was determined.The sol- ubility of Ca in Mn melts containing C in CaC_2 crucible under sealed condition at 1350℃ was ascertained.With these data,evaluation of the activity interaction coefficients e_C^(Si),e_C^C, e_C^(Ca) as well as γ_C^0 was made.The standard free energy of solution of C in liquid Mn based on the 1 wt-% solution standard,formulated in relation to T,was also estimated.Brief dis- cussion was made as to the confiormability of results with those given in the literature.
文摘The room temperature section and the 750℃ isothermal section of the Ag-Pd-Gd ternary phase diagram containing 0—25 at.-% Gd are constructed by X—ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy.Each section consists of 3 single phase regions,3 bi-phase regions and I tri-phase region respectively.
文摘Si segregation was observed in the vacancy condensation pits,formed by supersaturated vacancies beneath the oxidation layer of Al-0.35wt-％Si alloy,by optical microscopy,X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microhardness tests.This phenomenon could only be explained by vacancy-Si complex inducing non-equilibrium segregation.
文摘Creep crack growth behavior of Fe-Cr15-Ni25 alloys with different grain boundary features has been studied.Cavities nucleate at triple junctions of grain boundaries for the single phase alloy and at grain boundary carbide for the alloy with grain boundary carbide.Grain bounda- ry carbide particles are obstacles to cavity growth and coalescence,and therefore increase the creep crack growth resistance greatly.
文摘The influence of high temperature repressing treatment on the segregation of phosphorus in the 93W alloy was carefully investigated by means of Auger electron spectroscope,EPMA, TEM and SEM.The segregation of phosphorus has been observed at the tungsten-tungsten grain boundaries,particularly at the tungsten-matrix interphases when the specimens were kept at the temperature in the range of 1200—1500℃ ,followed by furnace cooling.However, no segregation of phosphorus was observed at the interfaces after the specimens were re- pressed at the range of temperature,followed by furnace cooling.After investigation,the dis- locations in the matrix phase of as-repressed specimens directly influenced the phosphorus segregation to the interfaces.After annealing,the mechanical properties were reduced because of the phosphorus segregation at the interface boundaries.
文摘The effects of small amount(≥0.05%)of active elements Y and Ce in Fe-25Cr-40Ni al- loy have been investigated on the kinetics of early stage of high temperature oxidation as well as composition and microsructure of oxide film by ion backscattering and slow positron beam.The results show that Y and Ce can reduce evidently the high tem- perature oxidation rate of FeCrNi alloy at early stage and can effectively enhance the Cr_2O_3 formation and retard the oxide formation of Fe and Ni in the surface layer thus the microstructure of the oxide film is improved.Y and Ce enter the oxide film and concentrate within several tens nanometres from surface of the outer layer.The mech- anism of oxidation resistance for Ce is different from Y.Ce can decrease the density of vacancy defects in oxide layer,so the cations are restrained from diffusion outward through vacancies.While Y can control the outward diffusion of cations through va- cancies at the early statge of oxidation(shorter than 12 min),aften that restrained the cations from diffusion outward along grain boundaries up to 60 min oxidation.
文摘An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount with the increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkably make its grains finer and its grain boundaries more crooked other than straight.If the Y con- tent≥0.1 wt-%,it occurs as solid solution state and is favorable to high temperature compressive properties and oxidation resistance of the alloy.While Y≥0.3 wt-%,the forma- tion of YNi_5 is predominant in the shape of irregular strips inside Ni_3Al grains and along their grain boundaries.This seems to be quite harmful to high temperature strength,ductility and oxidation resistance of the alloy.
文摘Based on the sequent tracking observation on spalling of steel GCr15 under rolling contact fa- tigue,an expression for estimating the propagation of subsurface cracks was derived.The rol- ling contact fatigue life was found to be markedly related to the subsurface crack propagation angle.A new explanation of reason why the rolling contact fatigue life can be prolonged by residual compressive stress and retained austenite was advanced.
文摘The diffusion process of Sn in the transformation of Nb_6Sn_5 to Nb_3Sn has been studied.The experimental results show that the growth of Nb_3Sn laver is controlled by two processes,i.e. the short range diffusion of Sn which is responsihle for the inner layer with large grains,and the long,range diffusion of Sn which results in the outer layer with fine grains.It was found thai grain size depends on the reaction temperature.A model of Nb_3Sn growth based on the above processes was established and its solution was found to be in good agreement with ex- perimental results.
文摘Featuring1990 International Conference on Special MeltingSpecialty Metals(ferrous,non-ferrous,reactive,refractory)and High Purity Metal Melting ProcessesPrimary Melting ProcessesSecondary Refining and Injection Metallurgy ProcessesConsumable Electrode Remelting Processes(VAR,ESR,EBM,PAR,VADER.etc.)Metal Extraction,Solidification and Casting Processes Including Crystal Growing Processes andAmorphous Materials Proesses
文摘Phase transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux (x=2, 5, 15) alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys undergo a two-stage martensitic transformation on cooling and transform reversely in one stage on heating when treated at 823K for 5 hours. Heat treatment has no effect on the transformation behavior of Ti49Ni49Cu2 alloy but does influence that of Ti47.5Ni47.5Cu5 alloy and Ti42.5Ni42.5Cu15 alloy. Effect of heat treatment is related with precipitation of CuNiTi phase. The maximum recoverable elongation of Ti49Ni49Cu2 wire is about 6%.
文摘The fracture surface of the normalized steel 55SiMnMo was observed,under tensile device at- tached on the SEM,to be of ductile dimple feature on the bainite which is composed of lath ferrite and austenite platelet.The dimple is essentially nucleated in the ferrite.Because the austenitic plastic deformation is remarkable during fracturing,the tear ridge of dimple is very sharp.
文摘The fracture mechanism for Al-2.5Li-1.3Cu-0.9Mg-0.13Zr alloy is quite different from undergone various regimes of heat treatment.With the decrease of solution temperature and the increase of aging temperature,the intergranular delamination and necking fracture on the fracture surface increase and the shearing facture decreases.Thus,the toughness of the alloy may be much improved.
文摘Effect of Ca on hardenability and CCT diagram of steel 58CrV has been investigated by means of end-quenching and thermal expansion.An addition of 0.006 wt-%Ca to the steel may improve the hardenability,reduce the critical cooling rate of transformation of pearlite or bainite under continuous cooling and increase the M_s.AES analysis showed that Ca segre- gates markedly along austenitie grain boundaries,and accelecrates the segregation of C,Cr and Si.It is believed that besides towards deoxidizing and desulphurizing as well as improving sulphide morphology,a trace of Ca in steel 58CrV behaves towards microalloying.
文摘The microstructure of 7050 AI alloy in T74 condition has been studied by means of transmis- sion electron microscopy and dynamical diffraction simulation.It was found that the alloy studied contains mainly AI3Zr superlattice phase,η′-phase and Al_7Cu_2Fe constituent phase. The η′-phase has an orthorombic crystal structure with a=0.492 nm,b=0.852 nm and c=0.701 nm.The orientation relationship between the η′-phase and matrix was determined as(101)_m∥(010)_(η′)[111]_m∥[001]_(η′)
