The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient uti...The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.展开更多
Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concen...Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.展开更多
The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylh...The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylhydroxamate(T-S),and investigated its performance in separating bastnaesite and fluorite.T-S was synthesized from salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA)and tetrabutylammonium chloride(TBAC),and its molecular structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.Microflotation tests indicate that T-S outperforms SHA and TBAC in both collecting ability and selectivity for bastnaesite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that T-S exhibits stronger adsorption on bastnaesite compared to SHA and TBAC.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)results confirm that chemical adsorption occurs between Ce on the bastnaesite surface and the-C(=O)NHOH groups of T-S.Moreover,the interaction between T-S and the bastnaesite surface is stronger than that with the fluorite surface.This work provides valuable insights for designing ionic liquid collectors for the flotation separation of bastnaesite and fluorite.展开更多
研究了方解石上清液对氟碳铈矿表面化学的影响。通过Zeta电位测量,并辅以浮选试验,在上清液存在和不存在的情况下,使用辛基异羟肟酸、双膦酸、复合捕收剂作为捕收剂浮选氟碳铈矿。结果表明,上清液中处理氟碳铈矿,通过三种捕收剂浮选,得...研究了方解石上清液对氟碳铈矿表面化学的影响。通过Zeta电位测量,并辅以浮选试验,在上清液存在和不存在的情况下,使用辛基异羟肟酸、双膦酸、复合捕收剂作为捕收剂浮选氟碳铈矿。结果表明,上清液中处理氟碳铈矿,通过三种捕收剂浮选,得到不同的浮选效果,其中复合捕收剂最好回收率达到95.3%。Zeta电位测量表明,上清液中Ca^(2+)对氟碳铈矿表面电性的影响在碱性溶液中更为明显,其中在复合捕收剂中氟碳铈矿的表面电位负移最小,IEP向右移动到8.8处,方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+容易被氟碳铈矿表面吸附。FTIR结果表明:氟碳铈矿在方解石上清液中更容易吸附复合捕收剂,其原因是方解石上清液中CaOH^(+)活化氟碳铈矿表面活性位点的作用,氟碳铈矿表面活性位点与捕收剂容易结合并形成金属螯合物。XPS分析表明,方解石上清液中复合捕收剂处理的氟碳铈矿全谱中出现了新峰N 1s, P 2p,Ca2p,说明吸附了复合捕收剂中的N,P和Ca元素;其中吸附的Ca可能是氟碳铈矿表面吸附了方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+。复合捕收剂在Ca(OH)+与氟碳铈矿的作用下形成金属螯合物,其吸附结构可能是R-NH-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F和R-P-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F。这些发现证实,有效的稀土矿物浮选分离并不仅仅依赖捕收剂-矿物相互作用的强度,而在很大程度上依赖于浮选溶液的化学性质。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Excellent Youth Scholars Program of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,China(No.YXQN-2024003)the Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China(No.202407AB110022)。
文摘The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2905800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174242)the National Youth Talent Support Program(QNBJ-2023-03)。
文摘Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2905800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374276,52274269)+2 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Re search Projects(202401AS070051)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2024AFD123)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200276)。
文摘The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylhydroxamate(T-S),and investigated its performance in separating bastnaesite and fluorite.T-S was synthesized from salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA)and tetrabutylammonium chloride(TBAC),and its molecular structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.Microflotation tests indicate that T-S outperforms SHA and TBAC in both collecting ability and selectivity for bastnaesite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that T-S exhibits stronger adsorption on bastnaesite compared to SHA and TBAC.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)results confirm that chemical adsorption occurs between Ce on the bastnaesite surface and the-C(=O)NHOH groups of T-S.Moreover,the interaction between T-S and the bastnaesite surface is stronger than that with the fluorite surface.This work provides valuable insights for designing ionic liquid collectors for the flotation separation of bastnaesite and fluorite.
文摘研究了方解石上清液对氟碳铈矿表面化学的影响。通过Zeta电位测量,并辅以浮选试验,在上清液存在和不存在的情况下,使用辛基异羟肟酸、双膦酸、复合捕收剂作为捕收剂浮选氟碳铈矿。结果表明,上清液中处理氟碳铈矿,通过三种捕收剂浮选,得到不同的浮选效果,其中复合捕收剂最好回收率达到95.3%。Zeta电位测量表明,上清液中Ca^(2+)对氟碳铈矿表面电性的影响在碱性溶液中更为明显,其中在复合捕收剂中氟碳铈矿的表面电位负移最小,IEP向右移动到8.8处,方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+容易被氟碳铈矿表面吸附。FTIR结果表明:氟碳铈矿在方解石上清液中更容易吸附复合捕收剂,其原因是方解石上清液中CaOH^(+)活化氟碳铈矿表面活性位点的作用,氟碳铈矿表面活性位点与捕收剂容易结合并形成金属螯合物。XPS分析表明,方解石上清液中复合捕收剂处理的氟碳铈矿全谱中出现了新峰N 1s, P 2p,Ca2p,说明吸附了复合捕收剂中的N,P和Ca元素;其中吸附的Ca可能是氟碳铈矿表面吸附了方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+。复合捕收剂在Ca(OH)+与氟碳铈矿的作用下形成金属螯合物,其吸附结构可能是R-NH-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F和R-P-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F。这些发现证实,有效的稀土矿物浮选分离并不仅仅依赖捕收剂-矿物相互作用的强度,而在很大程度上依赖于浮选溶液的化学性质。
