The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitroge...The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated.The control diet was made with 62%fish meal(FM).The other two experimental diets were formulated by replacing 45%FM with 22.5%mealworm(TM)and 22.5%cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC),or with 22.5%TM and 22.5%Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP),respectively.The three kinds of diet were named as A1,A2 and A3,respectively.Five groups of large yellow croaker were fed with two different strategies:the first three groups were continuously fed with A1,A2 and A3 diets,respectively.The fourth group was alternately fed with A1 and A2 diet every 5 days.The fifth group was alternately fed with A1 and A3diet every 5 days.The five groups were named D1,D2,D3,D1-2 and D1-3,respectively.Results showed that D2 and D3 groups exhibited significantly lower weight gain rate(WGR)and higher feed conversion ratios(FCR)compared to the D1 group.The D1-2 and D1-3 groups exhibited improved WGR and significantly reduced FCR compared to the D2 and D3 groups.The A2 and A3 diets significantly suppressed digestive enzymes'activities compared to A1,whereas alternate-feeding groups significantly enhanced the enzyme activities.Compared to the D1 group,D2 and D3 groups significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of intestinal antiinflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.The anti-inflammatory abilities in the D1-2and D1-3 groups were significantly higher than those in the D2 and D3 groups.Additionally,diets containing TM+CAP and TM+CPC protein sources enhanced ventral redness and yellowness indices.Considering the growth,digestion,immunity and organoleptic quality of large yellow croaker,it is recommended to replace up to 45%of FM with TM+CPC and use an alternate-feeding strategy.展开更多
为了探究希瓦氏菌(Shewanella sp.)发酵棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响。研究以50%鱼粉组为对照组,以发酵棉籽蛋白、棉籽蛋白替代饲料中20%的鱼粉为实验组配制三种等氮等脂的配合饲料...为了探究希瓦氏菌(Shewanella sp.)发酵棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响。研究以50%鱼粉组为对照组,以发酵棉籽蛋白、棉籽蛋白替代饲料中20%的鱼粉为实验组配制三种等氮等脂的配合饲料(鱼粉组、棉籽蛋白组、发酵棉籽蛋白组)。挑选初始体重为(17.52±0.02)g的大菱鲆,开展为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示:发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)较棉籽蛋白组均显著升高,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05),且与鱼粉组无显著差异。抗氧化指标显示,发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较棉籽蛋白组显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较鱼粉组显著升高,丙二醛(MAD)含量较鱼粉组显著下降(P<0.05)。组织形态方面,发酵棉籽蛋白组肠绒毛高度较棉籽蛋白组显著升高(P<0.05),且与鱼粉组无显著差异。在免疫方面,与棉籽蛋白组相比,发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆肠道促炎因子基因(il-8、ifn-γ、il-1β)和TLR2/NF-κB通路基因(tlr2、myd88、nf-κb p65)表达受到显著抑制(P<0.05),与鱼粉组无显著差异,同时紧密连接蛋白基因(zo-1、occludin、tricelluin)的表达显著上调(P<0.05),其中zo-1和occludin基因表达量显著高于鱼粉组。在本实验条件下,希瓦氏菌发酵棉籽蛋白可显著改善棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长、免疫造成的负面影响,可以替代大菱鲆饲料中20%的鱼粉。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No.2021SFGC0701)。
文摘The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated.The control diet was made with 62%fish meal(FM).The other two experimental diets were formulated by replacing 45%FM with 22.5%mealworm(TM)and 22.5%cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC),or with 22.5%TM and 22.5%Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP),respectively.The three kinds of diet were named as A1,A2 and A3,respectively.Five groups of large yellow croaker were fed with two different strategies:the first three groups were continuously fed with A1,A2 and A3 diets,respectively.The fourth group was alternately fed with A1 and A2 diet every 5 days.The fifth group was alternately fed with A1 and A3diet every 5 days.The five groups were named D1,D2,D3,D1-2 and D1-3,respectively.Results showed that D2 and D3 groups exhibited significantly lower weight gain rate(WGR)and higher feed conversion ratios(FCR)compared to the D1 group.The D1-2 and D1-3 groups exhibited improved WGR and significantly reduced FCR compared to the D2 and D3 groups.The A2 and A3 diets significantly suppressed digestive enzymes'activities compared to A1,whereas alternate-feeding groups significantly enhanced the enzyme activities.Compared to the D1 group,D2 and D3 groups significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of intestinal antiinflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.The anti-inflammatory abilities in the D1-2and D1-3 groups were significantly higher than those in the D2 and D3 groups.Additionally,diets containing TM+CAP and TM+CPC protein sources enhanced ventral redness and yellowness indices.Considering the growth,digestion,immunity and organoleptic quality of large yellow croaker,it is recommended to replace up to 45%of FM with TM+CPC and use an alternate-feeding strategy.
文摘为了探究希瓦氏菌(Shewanella sp.)发酵棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响。研究以50%鱼粉组为对照组,以发酵棉籽蛋白、棉籽蛋白替代饲料中20%的鱼粉为实验组配制三种等氮等脂的配合饲料(鱼粉组、棉籽蛋白组、发酵棉籽蛋白组)。挑选初始体重为(17.52±0.02)g的大菱鲆,开展为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示:发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)较棉籽蛋白组均显著升高,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05),且与鱼粉组无显著差异。抗氧化指标显示,发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较棉籽蛋白组显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较鱼粉组显著升高,丙二醛(MAD)含量较鱼粉组显著下降(P<0.05)。组织形态方面,发酵棉籽蛋白组肠绒毛高度较棉籽蛋白组显著升高(P<0.05),且与鱼粉组无显著差异。在免疫方面,与棉籽蛋白组相比,发酵棉籽蛋白组大菱鲆肠道促炎因子基因(il-8、ifn-γ、il-1β)和TLR2/NF-κB通路基因(tlr2、myd88、nf-κb p65)表达受到显著抑制(P<0.05),与鱼粉组无显著差异,同时紧密连接蛋白基因(zo-1、occludin、tricelluin)的表达显著上调(P<0.05),其中zo-1和occludin基因表达量显著高于鱼粉组。在本实验条件下,希瓦氏菌发酵棉籽蛋白可显著改善棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长、免疫造成的负面影响,可以替代大菱鲆饲料中20%的鱼粉。
