采煤塌陷湖泊的渔业生产是矿区失地农民经济收入的主要来源之一,不同的渔业活动模式可能对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构和功能存在重要影响。本研究选取淮南塌陷湖泊淮西湖(HXH)作为研究对象,在水生态调查的基础上构建Ecopath模型分析渔业捕捞...采煤塌陷湖泊的渔业生产是矿区失地农民经济收入的主要来源之一,不同的渔业活动模式可能对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构和功能存在重要影响。本研究选取淮南塌陷湖泊淮西湖(HXH)作为研究对象,在水生态调查的基础上构建Ecopath模型分析渔业捕捞方式对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构与功能的影响。结果表明:HXH生态系统食物网组成较为复杂,能量传递效率为11.24%,塌陷湖泊大量放养鲢鳙对肉食性生物的抑制作用较大,但其生态系统总流量有所提高;HXH鲢鳙的大量放养和集中捕捞导致其生态系统的营养级、营养跨度、高营养级生物的TST降低,其生态系统发育成熟度和稳定度相比同级生态系统较低。因此,可以通过合理的渔业放养和捕捞方式促进塌陷生态系统的健康发育。Fishery production in coal mining subsidence lakes is one of the main sources of economic income for land-loss farmers in mining areas, and different fishery activity modes may have important impacts on the ecosystem structure and function of subsidence lakes. In this study, Huaxi Lake (HXH), a collapsed lake in Huainan, was selected as the research object, and an Ecopath model was constructed on the basis of the water ecology survey to analyze the influence of fishery fishing mode on the ecosystem structure and function of the collapsed lake. The results showed that: the food web composition of the HXH ecosystem was more complex, and the energy transfer efficiency was 11.24%;the mass stocking of bighead carp in the collapsed lake had a greater inhibitory effect on the carnivorous organisms, but its total ecosystem flux was improved;the mass stocking of bighead carp in the HXH and the centralized fishing led to the reduction of the trophic level, trophic span, and the TST of the organisms of high trophic level in the ecosystem;and the maturity of the ecosystem and its stability were lower compared with its ecosystem counterparts. Stability were lower compared to the ecosystems of the same level. Therefore, the healthy development of collapsed ecosystems can be promoted through rational fishery stocking and fishing methods.展开更多
【目的】探明贝类养殖活动的固碳增汇潜力。【方法】以枸杞岛筏式养殖厚壳贻贝为研究对象,调查了其生长特征与附着动物群落特征的季节变化及其与环境因子的相关性,并基于养殖贝类及附着动物的生物量碳密度,测定评估了厚壳贻贝及其附着...【目的】探明贝类养殖活动的固碳增汇潜力。【方法】以枸杞岛筏式养殖厚壳贻贝为研究对象,调查了其生长特征与附着动物群落特征的季节变化及其与环境因子的相关性,并基于养殖贝类及附着动物的生物量碳密度,测定评估了厚壳贻贝及其附着动物的可移出碳汇量。【结果】厚壳贻贝软组织含水率、肥满度和性腺指数存在明显的季节、年龄和区域差异,其中软组织含水率具体表现为春>冬>秋>夏,1龄>2龄+,养殖区中部>近岸和远岸,与肥满度和性腺指数呈现出相反的趋势,且性腺指数呈现出4龄>3龄>2龄>1龄的规律;厚壳贻贝壳/软组织含碳率、软组织湿重比均存在显著的季节差异,RDA分析表明,软组织含水率和氨氮二者呈现较强正相关关系,软组织含碳率、肥满度和性腺指数与叶绿素a、温度和总氮等环境因子呈现较强正相关关系;附着动物丰度和生物量存在较大的季节差异,其中春季生物量最高,主要物种为绿侧花海葵、网纹纹藤壶、带偏顶蛤、缪氏哲蟹、短毛海鳞虫等;厚壳贻贝生物量碳密度秋季最高,为129.98 g C/kg,春季最低,为108.29 g C/kg,附着动物生物量碳密度春季最高,为6.85 g C/kg,夏季最低,为1.38 g C/kg。【结论】通过收获贻贝和附着动物,综合可移出生物量碳密度最高可达135.34 g C/kg,估算2021年枸杞岛贻贝养殖可收获约3.02×10^(4) t C,综合可产生的碳汇经济价值约为1049万元。研究结果对于最大化提高厚壳贻贝养殖的可移出碳汇能力,以及深入认识和科学评估贝类养殖的碳汇效应具有重要的理论依据和现实意义。展开更多
文摘采煤塌陷湖泊的渔业生产是矿区失地农民经济收入的主要来源之一,不同的渔业活动模式可能对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构和功能存在重要影响。本研究选取淮南塌陷湖泊淮西湖(HXH)作为研究对象,在水生态调查的基础上构建Ecopath模型分析渔业捕捞方式对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构与功能的影响。结果表明:HXH生态系统食物网组成较为复杂,能量传递效率为11.24%,塌陷湖泊大量放养鲢鳙对肉食性生物的抑制作用较大,但其生态系统总流量有所提高;HXH鲢鳙的大量放养和集中捕捞导致其生态系统的营养级、营养跨度、高营养级生物的TST降低,其生态系统发育成熟度和稳定度相比同级生态系统较低。因此,可以通过合理的渔业放养和捕捞方式促进塌陷生态系统的健康发育。Fishery production in coal mining subsidence lakes is one of the main sources of economic income for land-loss farmers in mining areas, and different fishery activity modes may have important impacts on the ecosystem structure and function of subsidence lakes. In this study, Huaxi Lake (HXH), a collapsed lake in Huainan, was selected as the research object, and an Ecopath model was constructed on the basis of the water ecology survey to analyze the influence of fishery fishing mode on the ecosystem structure and function of the collapsed lake. The results showed that: the food web composition of the HXH ecosystem was more complex, and the energy transfer efficiency was 11.24%;the mass stocking of bighead carp in the collapsed lake had a greater inhibitory effect on the carnivorous organisms, but its total ecosystem flux was improved;the mass stocking of bighead carp in the HXH and the centralized fishing led to the reduction of the trophic level, trophic span, and the TST of the organisms of high trophic level in the ecosystem;and the maturity of the ecosystem and its stability were lower compared with its ecosystem counterparts. Stability were lower compared to the ecosystems of the same level. Therefore, the healthy development of collapsed ecosystems can be promoted through rational fishery stocking and fishing methods.
文摘【目的】探明贝类养殖活动的固碳增汇潜力。【方法】以枸杞岛筏式养殖厚壳贻贝为研究对象,调查了其生长特征与附着动物群落特征的季节变化及其与环境因子的相关性,并基于养殖贝类及附着动物的生物量碳密度,测定评估了厚壳贻贝及其附着动物的可移出碳汇量。【结果】厚壳贻贝软组织含水率、肥满度和性腺指数存在明显的季节、年龄和区域差异,其中软组织含水率具体表现为春>冬>秋>夏,1龄>2龄+,养殖区中部>近岸和远岸,与肥满度和性腺指数呈现出相反的趋势,且性腺指数呈现出4龄>3龄>2龄>1龄的规律;厚壳贻贝壳/软组织含碳率、软组织湿重比均存在显著的季节差异,RDA分析表明,软组织含水率和氨氮二者呈现较强正相关关系,软组织含碳率、肥满度和性腺指数与叶绿素a、温度和总氮等环境因子呈现较强正相关关系;附着动物丰度和生物量存在较大的季节差异,其中春季生物量最高,主要物种为绿侧花海葵、网纹纹藤壶、带偏顶蛤、缪氏哲蟹、短毛海鳞虫等;厚壳贻贝生物量碳密度秋季最高,为129.98 g C/kg,春季最低,为108.29 g C/kg,附着动物生物量碳密度春季最高,为6.85 g C/kg,夏季最低,为1.38 g C/kg。【结论】通过收获贻贝和附着动物,综合可移出生物量碳密度最高可达135.34 g C/kg,估算2021年枸杞岛贻贝养殖可收获约3.02×10^(4) t C,综合可产生的碳汇经济价值约为1049万元。研究结果对于最大化提高厚壳贻贝养殖的可移出碳汇能力,以及深入认识和科学评估贝类养殖的碳汇效应具有重要的理论依据和现实意义。
