Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analys...Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.展开更多
为探究PAL基因家族在越南参(Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)中的功能,通过同源比对和隐马尔可夫模型检索对PAL基因家族成员进行鉴定,对其相关的理化性质、系统发育关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件、共线性特征、组织特异性表达...为探究PAL基因家族在越南参(Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)中的功能,通过同源比对和隐马尔可夫模型检索对PAL基因家族成员进行鉴定,对其相关的理化性质、系统发育关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件、共线性特征、组织特异性表达及其在水杨酸处理下的表达模式进行了系统解析,并在越南参愈伤组织中对PvPAL 2和PvPAL4进行了功能验证。结果显示:在越南参中共鉴定出4个PAL基因,依据其染色体位置分别将命名为PvPAL1、PvPAL2、PvPAL3、PvPAL4。4个PvPAL蛋白的氨基酸数为712~719,相对分子质量为77732.84~78236.50,理论等电点为pI 6.00至pI 6.24。越南参PvPAL2与PvPAL4聚在同一个分支,亲缘关系较近,且PvPAL2与PvPAL4具有相似的外显子和内含子结构。PvPAL启动子区含有大量顺式作用元件,其中,非生物和生物胁迫响应元件数量最多。总体上看,PvPAL在大多数组织间的表达水平差异显著(P<0.05)。水杨酸处理6 h后,PvPAL1、PvPAL2和PvPAL4表达受到显著诱导。此外,愈伤组织瞬时过表达显示PvPAL2与PvPAL4可促进木质素和类黄酮积累。综上所述,4个PvPAL基因整体保守性较高,且基因表达水平显著受水杨酸诱导,PvPAL2和PvPAL4显著促进了木质素和类黄酮的积累,在越南参生长发育中发挥重要作用。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274044,82304663)National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3501802,2022YFC3501803,and 2022YFC3501804)+1 种基金the Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002,CI2024E003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-049,ZZ16-XRZ-072,ZZ17-YQ-025,ZXKT22052,and ZXKT22060).
文摘Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.
文摘为探究PAL基因家族在越南参(Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)中的功能,通过同源比对和隐马尔可夫模型检索对PAL基因家族成员进行鉴定,对其相关的理化性质、系统发育关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件、共线性特征、组织特异性表达及其在水杨酸处理下的表达模式进行了系统解析,并在越南参愈伤组织中对PvPAL 2和PvPAL4进行了功能验证。结果显示:在越南参中共鉴定出4个PAL基因,依据其染色体位置分别将命名为PvPAL1、PvPAL2、PvPAL3、PvPAL4。4个PvPAL蛋白的氨基酸数为712~719,相对分子质量为77732.84~78236.50,理论等电点为pI 6.00至pI 6.24。越南参PvPAL2与PvPAL4聚在同一个分支,亲缘关系较近,且PvPAL2与PvPAL4具有相似的外显子和内含子结构。PvPAL启动子区含有大量顺式作用元件,其中,非生物和生物胁迫响应元件数量最多。总体上看,PvPAL在大多数组织间的表达水平差异显著(P<0.05)。水杨酸处理6 h后,PvPAL1、PvPAL2和PvPAL4表达受到显著诱导。此外,愈伤组织瞬时过表达显示PvPAL2与PvPAL4可促进木质素和类黄酮积累。综上所述,4个PvPAL基因整体保守性较高,且基因表达水平显著受水杨酸诱导,PvPAL2和PvPAL4显著促进了木质素和类黄酮的积累,在越南参生长发育中发挥重要作用。
文摘为揭示外源脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)对祁连山野生药食植物黄参(Sphallerocarpus gracilis)肉质根中代谢物积累模式的影响,本研究采用超高效液相系统和UPLC-电喷雾(Electron spray ionization,ESI)-三重四极杆线性离子阱(Triple quadrupole-linear ion trap,QTRAP)-MS/MS的广泛靶向代谢组学技术,探究了施用20μg·L^(-1)ABA和2000 mg·L^(-1)ABA抑制剂钨酸钠时根中代谢物的变化。本研究首次从黄参肉质根中鉴定出两种类胡萝卜素,分别为β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素;共得到7类537种差异代谢物,其中莽草酸及苯丙酸类(206种)、萜类(93种)、生物碱(92种)和氨基酸及短肽(84种)占比较高;京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)数据库通路富集分析表明,差异代谢物分布在5大类15条代谢途径中,主要富集在苯丙氨酸代谢、硫胺素代谢和酪氨酸代谢等通路。综上所述,外源ABA及其抑制剂会影响黄参肉质根代谢模式,ABA有望用于开发关键代谢通路的靶向调控剂。
