[目的]为明确辽东地区林下参优质高产的关键影响因子,为辽东地区林下参的生态优质种植提供理论支持。[方法]以丹东市宽甸县满族自治县天桥沟景区(TQG-1,2,3)、石柱乡(SZ-1,2,3)和步达远镇(BDY-1,2,3)林下参培育基地5 a生品种二马牙林下...[目的]为明确辽东地区林下参优质高产的关键影响因子,为辽东地区林下参的生态优质种植提供理论支持。[方法]以丹东市宽甸县满族自治县天桥沟景区(TQG-1,2,3)、石柱乡(SZ-1,2,3)和步达远镇(BDY-1,2,3)林下参培育基地5 a生品种二马牙林下参为研究对象,考察不同立地条件(林型、郁闭度、海拔高度和坡向),对林下参生长指标(叶长、叶宽、株高等)、8种人参皂苷含量及土壤理化性质指标(pH值、有机质、养分等)、酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶等)等指标进行测定,探究立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长发育及皂苷含量的影响。[结果]除坡度外,林型、郁闭度、海拔、坡向、树种结构对林下参生物量均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中海拔400~500 m 、东南坡向、郁闭度0.6~0.7的落叶松林或杂木林为林下参最适生境;不同样地土壤指标差异显著,SZ-1、TQG-3等样地林下参Re+Rg1总量高于0.3%;冗余分析(RDA)筛选出有机质、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱解氮、pH值、速效钙共6个关键土壤因子,Mantel检验表明土壤速效钾、速效钙、速效氮及有机质等指标与人参皂苷Re、Rd、Rh2含量呈正相关,土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶等指标与人参皂苷Rg3、Rb1、Rh1、Rg1、Rb2含量呈正相关。[结论]立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长及品质存在显著影响,明确最优立地条件组合与控制关键土壤因子水平可为辽东地区林下参的规范化种植与土壤管理提供理论支持。展开更多
为探究党参领域的研究现状,采用文献计量学方法,借助Excel和CiteSpace软件,检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中1995—2024年与党参研究相关的文献,对年发文量、期刊、作者、机构、研究领域等1376篇文献(中文963篇...为探究党参领域的研究现状,采用文献计量学方法,借助Excel和CiteSpace软件,检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中1995—2024年与党参研究相关的文献,对年发文量、期刊、作者、机构、研究领域等1376篇文献(中文963篇,英文413篇)内容进行可视化分析。结果表明,1995—2024年,党参研究持续增长且国际影响力提升,国内研究以胡芳弟团队为主,国际研究以Wang Yonggang和Leng Feifan团队为主,各团队间的合作主要集中于机构内部;国内发文机构以甘肃中医药大学为主,国际发文机构以Lanzhou University为主,跨省合作以国际发文机构为主。党参研究领域呈现逐渐多元化,涉及药理药效、栽培技术、质量控制、化学成分、炮制加工、保健养生和饲料添加剂等领域。综上,党参兼具药用和食用双重性,市场前景广阔,未来亟待加强跨学科、跨区域协作,深入挖掘其市场潜力,推动产业高质量发展。展开更多
[Objective]To systematically isolate and purify the polysaccharide from the mycelium of Streptomyces rochei D74(SRP),elucidate its fine structure,and evaluate the effect of the purified polysaccharide fraction on the ...[Objective]To systematically isolate and purify the polysaccharide from the mycelium of Streptomyces rochei D74(SRP),elucidate its fine structure,and evaluate the effect of the purified polysaccharide fraction on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the biosynthesis of tanshinones,along with the underlying mechanism.[Methods]The crude polysaccharide was extracted using hot water,which was followed by ethanol precipitation and deproteinization via the Sevag method.Further purification was performed using DEAE-52 anionexchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography.The physicochemical properties and structural features of the main active fraction,SRP-W-2,were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The effects of SRP-W-2 on hairy root growth and the biosynthesis of tanshinones were assessed by measuring biomass,tanshinone content,and the expression levels of key biosynthetic genes.[Results]SRP-W-2 was obtained with a yield of 2.41%.It was primarily composed of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 12.53:1.Structural analysis revealed that the backbone of SRP-W-2 consisted of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→and→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→residues,with branching points at→4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→and→4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→.The side chain was identified asα-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-DGlcp-(1→.Bioactivity assays demonstrated that SRP-W-2 significantly enhanced both the biomass of S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the accumulation of tanshinones.After 15 d of treatment with 50 mg/L SRP-W-2,the dry weight of the hairy roots increased by 37.52%.Meanwhile,the content of cryptotanshinone(CT),dihydrotanshinone I(DT-I),tanshinone I(T-I),and tanshinone IIA(TIIA)was increased by 19.0-fold,6.4-fold,2.8-fold,and 4.8-fold,respectively.Gene expression analysis further indicated that SRP-W-2 up-regulated key genes involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway,including HMGR,DXS,DXR,and GGPPS.[Conclusion]The polysaccharide fraction SRP-W-2 from S.rochei D74 simultaneously promoted the growth of S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the biosynthesis of tanshinones,demonstrating its potential as an effective elicitor.This study provided a new strategy for the utilization and development of S.miltiorrhiza resources.展开更多
Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analys...Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.展开更多
文摘[目的]为明确辽东地区林下参优质高产的关键影响因子,为辽东地区林下参的生态优质种植提供理论支持。[方法]以丹东市宽甸县满族自治县天桥沟景区(TQG-1,2,3)、石柱乡(SZ-1,2,3)和步达远镇(BDY-1,2,3)林下参培育基地5 a生品种二马牙林下参为研究对象,考察不同立地条件(林型、郁闭度、海拔高度和坡向),对林下参生长指标(叶长、叶宽、株高等)、8种人参皂苷含量及土壤理化性质指标(pH值、有机质、养分等)、酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶等)等指标进行测定,探究立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长发育及皂苷含量的影响。[结果]除坡度外,林型、郁闭度、海拔、坡向、树种结构对林下参生物量均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中海拔400~500 m 、东南坡向、郁闭度0.6~0.7的落叶松林或杂木林为林下参最适生境;不同样地土壤指标差异显著,SZ-1、TQG-3等样地林下参Re+Rg1总量高于0.3%;冗余分析(RDA)筛选出有机质、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱解氮、pH值、速效钙共6个关键土壤因子,Mantel检验表明土壤速效钾、速效钙、速效氮及有机质等指标与人参皂苷Re、Rd、Rh2含量呈正相关,土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶等指标与人参皂苷Rg3、Rb1、Rh1、Rg1、Rb2含量呈正相关。[结论]立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长及品质存在显著影响,明确最优立地条件组合与控制关键土壤因子水平可为辽东地区林下参的规范化种植与土壤管理提供理论支持。
文摘[Objective]To systematically isolate and purify the polysaccharide from the mycelium of Streptomyces rochei D74(SRP),elucidate its fine structure,and evaluate the effect of the purified polysaccharide fraction on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the biosynthesis of tanshinones,along with the underlying mechanism.[Methods]The crude polysaccharide was extracted using hot water,which was followed by ethanol precipitation and deproteinization via the Sevag method.Further purification was performed using DEAE-52 anionexchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography.The physicochemical properties and structural features of the main active fraction,SRP-W-2,were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The effects of SRP-W-2 on hairy root growth and the biosynthesis of tanshinones were assessed by measuring biomass,tanshinone content,and the expression levels of key biosynthetic genes.[Results]SRP-W-2 was obtained with a yield of 2.41%.It was primarily composed of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 12.53:1.Structural analysis revealed that the backbone of SRP-W-2 consisted of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→and→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→residues,with branching points at→4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→and→4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→.The side chain was identified asα-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-DGlcp-(1→.Bioactivity assays demonstrated that SRP-W-2 significantly enhanced both the biomass of S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the accumulation of tanshinones.After 15 d of treatment with 50 mg/L SRP-W-2,the dry weight of the hairy roots increased by 37.52%.Meanwhile,the content of cryptotanshinone(CT),dihydrotanshinone I(DT-I),tanshinone I(T-I),and tanshinone IIA(TIIA)was increased by 19.0-fold,6.4-fold,2.8-fold,and 4.8-fold,respectively.Gene expression analysis further indicated that SRP-W-2 up-regulated key genes involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway,including HMGR,DXS,DXR,and GGPPS.[Conclusion]The polysaccharide fraction SRP-W-2 from S.rochei D74 simultaneously promoted the growth of S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots and the biosynthesis of tanshinones,demonstrating its potential as an effective elicitor.This study provided a new strategy for the utilization and development of S.miltiorrhiza resources.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274044,82304663)National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3501802,2022YFC3501803,and 2022YFC3501804)+1 种基金the Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002,CI2024E003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-049,ZZ16-XRZ-072,ZZ17-YQ-025,ZXKT22052,and ZXKT22060).
文摘Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.
