Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or C...Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.展开更多
在蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)中克隆了PLC2N基因,运用生物信息学技术对PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质进行分析,以揭示其在蓖麻生长发育过程中的功能。结果表明,通过克隆蓖麻PLC2N基因,得到1785 bp的片段。PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质分子质量为67.98...在蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)中克隆了PLC2N基因,运用生物信息学技术对PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质进行分析,以揭示其在蓖麻生长发育过程中的功能。结果表明,通过克隆蓖麻PLC2N基因,得到1785 bp的片段。PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质分子质量为67.98839 ku,等电点为6.16,有594个氨基酸残基,高度亲水,无跨膜区;二级结构中α-螺旋结构在蛋白质序列中占28.11%,共计167种氨基酸;延长链占19.02%,包含113种氨基酸;β转角结构占6.57%,含有39种氨基酸;无规则卷曲部分占总氨基酸数量的46.30%,氨基酸数量约275种。三级结构预测结果显示,该蛋白质包含了α-螺旋、β-转角以及无规则卷曲等关键结构,其中α-螺旋在蛋白质中占据核心地位。经同源性分析,发现蓖麻中的PLC2N基因与陆地棉这一物种之间存在较接近的亲缘关系。展开更多
研究不同性型蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)花粉的育性,尤其是雌性系的花粉育性,对于蓖麻杂交育种工作意义重大。本研究首先利用TTC染色法和花粉萌发法分别检测了镶嵌型雌性系、两性系共6种蓖麻种质材料花粉的生活力,随后通过扫描电子显微...研究不同性型蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)花粉的育性,尤其是雌性系的花粉育性,对于蓖麻杂交育种工作意义重大。本研究首先利用TTC染色法和花粉萌发法分别检测了镶嵌型雌性系、两性系共6种蓖麻种质材料花粉的生活力,随后通过扫描电子显微镜观察了他们的花粉形态,并利用SPSS软件分析了其形态特征值。结果显示:TTC染色和花粉萌发结果基本一致,不同材料间花粉生活力差异显著,蓖麻镶嵌型雌性系HCH3花粉生活力最大(96.97%)、镶嵌型雌性系HCH1花粉生活力次之。两种性型的花粉均呈现为单粒,长球形,赤道面观为长球形,极面观为三裂近圆形,中等大小(花粉极轴长为30.17~42.07μm),属于N_(3)P_(4)C_(3)型花粉。花粉外壁为网状纹饰,脊顶部具有密集的瘤状突起。然而,不同材料间花粉的极轴长、网眼直径、网脊宽度、单位面积网眼数形态值上差异显著。主成分析和聚类分析将6份蓖麻材料按花粉大小分为两类。本研究为蓖麻的花粉可育性和杂交选育提供了新的数据支撑。展开更多
【目的】旨在探索调控蓖麻株高生长的关键代谢通路及基因,以期为通过分子育种技术培育出理想株型的蓖麻新品种提供基因资源与理论依据。【方法】以外源赤霉素诱导蓖麻伸长茎节和多效唑诱导缩短茎节,通过转录组测序分析赤霉素处理后(GA v...【目的】旨在探索调控蓖麻株高生长的关键代谢通路及基因,以期为通过分子育种技术培育出理想株型的蓖麻新品种提供基因资源与理论依据。【方法】以外源赤霉素诱导蓖麻伸长茎节和多效唑诱导缩短茎节,通过转录组测序分析赤霉素处理后(GA vs CK)和多效唑处理后(PAC vs CK)的差异表达基因。【结果】赤霉素处理显著诱导1539个基因的差异表达,其中619个基因上调,920个基因下调;而多效唑处理则导致786个基因的差异表达,包括380个上调基因和406个下调基因。GO富集分析表明,这些差异表达基因主要富集于细胞组分构建、生物合成过程、信号传导及转录调控等关键生物学过程。特别值得注意的是,赤霉素氧化酶基因RcGA2ox7、RcGA2ox3在赤霉素处理下显著上调,而RcGA20ox3和RcGA20ox4则在多效唑处理下上调,这些基因通过调控体内活性赤霉素浓度,响应外源赤霉素和多效唑作用。KEGG富集分析结果显示,两组差异表达基因的主要富集通路包括植物激素信号传导途径、淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径以及苯丙烷类生物合成途径。在植物激素信号传导途径中,生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、乙烯等多种激素相关基因均表现出显著的差异表达。在苯丙烷类生物合成途径中,催化单木质醇聚合为大分子木质素的过氧化物酶基因28320.t000063和30015.t000008响应赤霉素处理下调表达,响应多效唑处理上调表达。GA处理导致类黄酮合成途径的主要基因上调表达,PAC处理与之相反,GA处理促进类黄酮生物合成增加,导致木质素合成减少。【结论】通过转录组测序分析,成功筛选出一批可能参与蓖麻株高调控的关键基因,包括赤霉素氧化酶基因、生长素信号传导基因、木质素合成过程中的过氧化物酶基因以及类黄酮合成基因。这些发现不仅为揭示蓖麻株高调控的分子机制提供重要依据,也为未来通过基因编辑或分子育种技术优化蓖麻株型奠定基础。另外,由于外源赤霉素会干扰蓖麻生长发育,产生不利影响,蓖麻生产中应避免施用赤霉素。展开更多
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2340219)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.
文摘在蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)中克隆了PLC2N基因,运用生物信息学技术对PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质进行分析,以揭示其在蓖麻生长发育过程中的功能。结果表明,通过克隆蓖麻PLC2N基因,得到1785 bp的片段。PLC2N基因编码的蛋白质分子质量为67.98839 ku,等电点为6.16,有594个氨基酸残基,高度亲水,无跨膜区;二级结构中α-螺旋结构在蛋白质序列中占28.11%,共计167种氨基酸;延长链占19.02%,包含113种氨基酸;β转角结构占6.57%,含有39种氨基酸;无规则卷曲部分占总氨基酸数量的46.30%,氨基酸数量约275种。三级结构预测结果显示,该蛋白质包含了α-螺旋、β-转角以及无规则卷曲等关键结构,其中α-螺旋在蛋白质中占据核心地位。经同源性分析,发现蓖麻中的PLC2N基因与陆地棉这一物种之间存在较接近的亲缘关系。
文摘研究不同性型蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)花粉的育性,尤其是雌性系的花粉育性,对于蓖麻杂交育种工作意义重大。本研究首先利用TTC染色法和花粉萌发法分别检测了镶嵌型雌性系、两性系共6种蓖麻种质材料花粉的生活力,随后通过扫描电子显微镜观察了他们的花粉形态,并利用SPSS软件分析了其形态特征值。结果显示:TTC染色和花粉萌发结果基本一致,不同材料间花粉生活力差异显著,蓖麻镶嵌型雌性系HCH3花粉生活力最大(96.97%)、镶嵌型雌性系HCH1花粉生活力次之。两种性型的花粉均呈现为单粒,长球形,赤道面观为长球形,极面观为三裂近圆形,中等大小(花粉极轴长为30.17~42.07μm),属于N_(3)P_(4)C_(3)型花粉。花粉外壁为网状纹饰,脊顶部具有密集的瘤状突起。然而,不同材料间花粉的极轴长、网眼直径、网脊宽度、单位面积网眼数形态值上差异显著。主成分析和聚类分析将6份蓖麻材料按花粉大小分为两类。本研究为蓖麻的花粉可育性和杂交选育提供了新的数据支撑。
文摘【目的】旨在探索调控蓖麻株高生长的关键代谢通路及基因,以期为通过分子育种技术培育出理想株型的蓖麻新品种提供基因资源与理论依据。【方法】以外源赤霉素诱导蓖麻伸长茎节和多效唑诱导缩短茎节,通过转录组测序分析赤霉素处理后(GA vs CK)和多效唑处理后(PAC vs CK)的差异表达基因。【结果】赤霉素处理显著诱导1539个基因的差异表达,其中619个基因上调,920个基因下调;而多效唑处理则导致786个基因的差异表达,包括380个上调基因和406个下调基因。GO富集分析表明,这些差异表达基因主要富集于细胞组分构建、生物合成过程、信号传导及转录调控等关键生物学过程。特别值得注意的是,赤霉素氧化酶基因RcGA2ox7、RcGA2ox3在赤霉素处理下显著上调,而RcGA20ox3和RcGA20ox4则在多效唑处理下上调,这些基因通过调控体内活性赤霉素浓度,响应外源赤霉素和多效唑作用。KEGG富集分析结果显示,两组差异表达基因的主要富集通路包括植物激素信号传导途径、淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径以及苯丙烷类生物合成途径。在植物激素信号传导途径中,生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、乙烯等多种激素相关基因均表现出显著的差异表达。在苯丙烷类生物合成途径中,催化单木质醇聚合为大分子木质素的过氧化物酶基因28320.t000063和30015.t000008响应赤霉素处理下调表达,响应多效唑处理上调表达。GA处理导致类黄酮合成途径的主要基因上调表达,PAC处理与之相反,GA处理促进类黄酮生物合成增加,导致木质素合成减少。【结论】通过转录组测序分析,成功筛选出一批可能参与蓖麻株高调控的关键基因,包括赤霉素氧化酶基因、生长素信号传导基因、木质素合成过程中的过氧化物酶基因以及类黄酮合成基因。这些发现不仅为揭示蓖麻株高调控的分子机制提供重要依据,也为未来通过基因编辑或分子育种技术优化蓖麻株型奠定基础。另外,由于外源赤霉素会干扰蓖麻生长发育,产生不利影响,蓖麻生产中应避免施用赤霉素。
