农田最佳管理措施是当前控制流域面源污染的主要手段。为控制洱海流域氮磷面源污染,探究洱海流域最佳农田管理措施,采用率定和验证后的SWAT(Soiland Water Assessment Tool)模型,模拟了化肥氮磷减施、改变耕作模式、建立植被缓冲带、建...农田最佳管理措施是当前控制流域面源污染的主要手段。为控制洱海流域氮磷面源污染,探究洱海流域最佳农田管理措施,采用率定和验证后的SWAT(Soiland Water Assessment Tool)模型,模拟了化肥氮磷减施、改变耕作模式、建立植被缓冲带、建立植草河道及综合措施等16个情景下洱海流域氮磷流失削减效果。结果表明:1)率定和验证后的SWAT模型,决定系数(R^(2))最小为0.67,纳什模型效率系数(E_(ns))最小为0.56,符合SWAT模型的模拟精度要求(R^(2)≥0.60,E_(ns)≥0.50),模型适于洱海流域最佳管理措施模拟研究。2)化肥氮磷减施10%、20%和50%时,氮流失削减率为9.1%~14.6%,磷流失削减率为1.7%~5.4%。免耕、浅耕和深耕等耕作模式中,深耕对流域氮磷流失的控制效果最好,氮磷流失削减率分别为13.8%和14.1%。不同宽度植被缓冲带措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为9.3%~24.8%和10.4%~27.2%。不同长度植草河道措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为21.3%~39.6%和24.9%~45.2%。3)与单项措施相比,综合措施的氮磷流失削减效果更好,化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+5 m宽植被缓冲带、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+20 m长植草河道3个措施下,氮流失削减率分别为27.4%、43.7%和41.6%,磷流失削减率分别为19.2%、39.7%和61.1%。综合措施可显著减少流域氮磷面源污染负荷,对于改善流域水环境和提升流域综合环境质量起到重要作用。本研究量化了不同农田管理措施对洱海流域面源污染的影响,筛选了最佳综合管理措施,为洱海流域氮磷面源污染防治提供了理论依据。展开更多
In an effort to provide some information relevant to the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, BcMF3 gene that encodes a pectin methylesterase was isolated from the fertile B line of Chinese cabbage-p...In an effort to provide some information relevant to the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, BcMF3 gene that encodes a pectin methylesterase was isolated from the fertile B line of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi （Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, syn. B. campestris ssp. chinensis）. In the present paper, a 455-bp antisense cDNA fragment of BcMF3 was introduced to binary vector pB1121, and then was mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. The A. tumefaciens harboring the BcMF3 antisense fragment was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dip. Scanning electronic microscopy examination demonstrated that 47.8% of BcMF3 antisense pollen grains exhibited abnormal shape, which might lead to decreased germination of pollens, suggesting that the product of BcMF3 gene plays an important role during microsporogenesis. The evidence on burst of 45.7% of BcMF3 antisense pollen tubes in vitro and a majority of BcMF3 antisense pollens restricted within the stigmatic tissue revealed that BcMF3 is involved in aiding the growth of pollen tubes. The results suggest that BcMF3 acts at both stages of microsporogensis and pollen tube growth.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30370975） the Key Scitechnology Project of Zhejiang Province （2005C 12019- 02） the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China （Y304180）.
文摘In an effort to provide some information relevant to the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, BcMF3 gene that encodes a pectin methylesterase was isolated from the fertile B line of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi （Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, syn. B. campestris ssp. chinensis）. In the present paper, a 455-bp antisense cDNA fragment of BcMF3 was introduced to binary vector pB1121, and then was mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. The A. tumefaciens harboring the BcMF3 antisense fragment was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dip. Scanning electronic microscopy examination demonstrated that 47.8% of BcMF3 antisense pollen grains exhibited abnormal shape, which might lead to decreased germination of pollens, suggesting that the product of BcMF3 gene plays an important role during microsporogenesis. The evidence on burst of 45.7% of BcMF3 antisense pollen tubes in vitro and a majority of BcMF3 antisense pollens restricted within the stigmatic tissue revealed that BcMF3 is involved in aiding the growth of pollen tubes. The results suggest that BcMF3 acts at both stages of microsporogensis and pollen tube growth.
