农田最佳管理措施是当前控制流域面源污染的主要手段。为控制洱海流域氮磷面源污染,探究洱海流域最佳农田管理措施,采用率定和验证后的SWAT(Soiland Water Assessment Tool)模型,模拟了化肥氮磷减施、改变耕作模式、建立植被缓冲带、建...农田最佳管理措施是当前控制流域面源污染的主要手段。为控制洱海流域氮磷面源污染,探究洱海流域最佳农田管理措施,采用率定和验证后的SWAT(Soiland Water Assessment Tool)模型,模拟了化肥氮磷减施、改变耕作模式、建立植被缓冲带、建立植草河道及综合措施等16个情景下洱海流域氮磷流失削减效果。结果表明:1)率定和验证后的SWAT模型,决定系数(R^(2))最小为0.67,纳什模型效率系数(E_(ns))最小为0.56,符合SWAT模型的模拟精度要求(R^(2)≥0.60,E_(ns)≥0.50),模型适于洱海流域最佳管理措施模拟研究。2)化肥氮磷减施10%、20%和50%时,氮流失削减率为9.1%~14.6%,磷流失削减率为1.7%~5.4%。免耕、浅耕和深耕等耕作模式中,深耕对流域氮磷流失的控制效果最好,氮磷流失削减率分别为13.8%和14.1%。不同宽度植被缓冲带措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为9.3%~24.8%和10.4%~27.2%。不同长度植草河道措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为21.3%~39.6%和24.9%~45.2%。3)与单项措施相比,综合措施的氮磷流失削减效果更好,化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+5 m宽植被缓冲带、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+20 m长植草河道3个措施下,氮流失削减率分别为27.4%、43.7%和41.6%,磷流失削减率分别为19.2%、39.7%和61.1%。综合措施可显著减少流域氮磷面源污染负荷,对于改善流域水环境和提升流域综合环境质量起到重要作用。本研究量化了不同农田管理措施对洱海流域面源污染的影响,筛选了最佳综合管理措施,为洱海流域氮磷面源污染防治提供了理论依据。展开更多
The authors regret to report some missing information in the authorship and associated changes of the paper.On page 1512,the author information reads:“Caiyun Liu a,Wei Guo a,Yang Wang b,Bisheng Fu a,Jaroslav Dolezel ...The authors regret to report some missing information in the authorship and associated changes of the paper.On page 1512,the author information reads:“Caiyun Liu a,Wei Guo a,Yang Wang b,Bisheng Fu a,Jaroslav Dolezel c,Ying Liu a,Wenling Zhai a,Mahmoud Said c,d,István Molnár c,d,e,Katerina Holušovác,Ruiqi Zhang b,*,Jizhong Wu a,f,g,*”.It should be changed to“Caiyun Liu a,1,Wei Guo a,1,Yang Wang b,Bisheng Fu a,Jaroslav Dolezel c,Ying Liu a,Wenling Zhai a,Mahmoud Said c,d,István Molnár c,d,e,Katerina Holušovác,Ruiqi Zhang b,*,Jizhong Wu a,f,g,*”.On page 1512 in the footnote,the following sentence should be added below the corresponding authors’information:1 These authors contributed equally to this work.The correction has been updated above.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
The field experiment designs with single replication were frequently used for factorial experiments in which the numbers of field plots were limited, but the experimental error was difficult to be estimated. To study ...The field experiment designs with single replication were frequently used for factorial experiments in which the numbers of field plots were limited, but the experimental error was difficult to be estimated. To study a new statistical method for improving precision of regression analysis of such experiments in rice, 84 fertilizer experiments were conducted in 15 provinces of China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, etc. Three factors with 14 treatments (N: 0—225kg/ha, P: 0 —112. 5kg/ha, K: 0—150kg/ha) and two replications were employed using approaching optimun design. There were 2352 (84×14×2=2352) Yield deviations (d) between the individual treatment yields and its arithmetic mean. The results indicated that:展开更多
文摘The authors regret to report some missing information in the authorship and associated changes of the paper.On page 1512,the author information reads:“Caiyun Liu a,Wei Guo a,Yang Wang b,Bisheng Fu a,Jaroslav Dolezel c,Ying Liu a,Wenling Zhai a,Mahmoud Said c,d,István Molnár c,d,e,Katerina Holušovác,Ruiqi Zhang b,*,Jizhong Wu a,f,g,*”.It should be changed to“Caiyun Liu a,1,Wei Guo a,1,Yang Wang b,Bisheng Fu a,Jaroslav Dolezel c,Ying Liu a,Wenling Zhai a,Mahmoud Said c,d,István Molnár c,d,e,Katerina Holušovác,Ruiqi Zhang b,*,Jizhong Wu a,f,g,*”.On page 1512 in the footnote,the following sentence should be added below the corresponding authors’information:1 These authors contributed equally to this work.The correction has been updated above.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
文摘The field experiment designs with single replication were frequently used for factorial experiments in which the numbers of field plots were limited, but the experimental error was difficult to be estimated. To study a new statistical method for improving precision of regression analysis of such experiments in rice, 84 fertilizer experiments were conducted in 15 provinces of China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, etc. Three factors with 14 treatments (N: 0—225kg/ha, P: 0 —112. 5kg/ha, K: 0—150kg/ha) and two replications were employed using approaching optimun design. There were 2352 (84×14×2=2352) Yield deviations (d) between the individual treatment yields and its arithmetic mean. The results indicated that:
