【目的】苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi是为害苹果树的主要害螨之一,大发生年份给苹果树的生长发育及产量造成严重影响。目前化学药剂仍然是防治苹果全爪螨的主要手段,因此为筛选出苹果全爪螨最佳防治药剂和最适助剂、减少农药使用量,本文...【目的】苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi是为害苹果树的主要害螨之一,大发生年份给苹果树的生长发育及产量造成严重影响。目前化学药剂仍然是防治苹果全爪螨的主要手段,因此为筛选出苹果全爪螨最佳防治药剂和最适助剂、减少农药使用量,本文以阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈作为供试药剂,青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂为增效剂进行试验。【方法】采用琼脂浸叶法对苹果全爪螨进行室内毒力测定,并用茎叶喷雾法进行田间药效试验。【结果】室内毒力测定24 h后,阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈对苹果全爪螨LC_(50)值分别为2.711、16.031、4.534和1.768 mg/L。阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈各减量30%后分别与青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂混配,24 h后2种增效剂均有明显的增效作用。田间试验阿维菌素1.35-2.70 g a.i./hm^(2)剂量下药后1 d,防效为67.35%-82.31%。乙唑螨腈在2.70 g a.i./hm^(2)剂量下药后3和7 d,防效均在90%以上。30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm^(2)+青皮桔油和30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm^(2)+农用有机药后1,3和7 d防效均优于其它处理组。【结论】阿维菌素和乙唑螨腈均可有效防治苹果全爪螨,可配合增效剂交替使用减少农药施用量,为新疆苹果园叶螨绿色防控提供科学依据。展开更多
Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular pro...Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.展开更多
文摘【目的】苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi是为害苹果树的主要害螨之一,大发生年份给苹果树的生长发育及产量造成严重影响。目前化学药剂仍然是防治苹果全爪螨的主要手段,因此为筛选出苹果全爪螨最佳防治药剂和最适助剂、减少农药使用量,本文以阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈作为供试药剂,青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂为增效剂进行试验。【方法】采用琼脂浸叶法对苹果全爪螨进行室内毒力测定,并用茎叶喷雾法进行田间药效试验。【结果】室内毒力测定24 h后,阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈对苹果全爪螨LC_(50)值分别为2.711、16.031、4.534和1.768 mg/L。阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈各减量30%后分别与青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂混配,24 h后2种增效剂均有明显的增效作用。田间试验阿维菌素1.35-2.70 g a.i./hm^(2)剂量下药后1 d,防效为67.35%-82.31%。乙唑螨腈在2.70 g a.i./hm^(2)剂量下药后3和7 d,防效均在90%以上。30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm^(2)+青皮桔油和30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm^(2)+农用有机药后1,3和7 d防效均优于其它处理组。【结论】阿维菌素和乙唑螨腈均可有效防治苹果全爪螨,可配合增效剂交替使用减少农药施用量,为新疆苹果园叶螨绿色防控提供科学依据。
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32300327).
文摘Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.
